2021-2022 ACADEMIC YEAR 1st TERM

10THGRADE MATHEMATICS LECTURE NOTES

NAME:

NUMBER:

CLASS:
0
 WHAT ARE WE GOING TO LEARN?

. Concepts of function

. Function notation

. Composition of function

. Inverse of function

10.2.1 CONCEPTS OF FUNCTION AND FUNCTION NOTATION

FUNCTIONS CONSTANT FUNCTION EQUAL FUNCTION VERTICAL LINE TEST

DOMAIN ONTO FUNCTION (SURJECTIVE) IDENTITIY FUNCTION EVEN-ODD FUNCTION

RANGE INTO FUNCTION (INJECTIVE) LINEAR FUNCTION ONE TO ONE FUNCTION

GRAPH OF FUNCTIONS

Functions are the major objects we deal with in calculus because they are key to describing the
real world in mathematical terms. This section reviews the ideas of functions, their graphs, and ways of
representing them.

In many situations in science, business, and mathematics, a correspondence exists between two sets.
The correspondence is often defined by a table, an equation, or a graph, each of which can be viewed
from a mathematical perspective as a set of ordered pairs. In mathematics, any set of ordered pairs is
called a relation.

RELATION

A relation is any set of ordered pairs.

For example; given

A={(Jane Mayer, 123-45-6789), (Jacob Smith, 987-65-4321), (Julia Jones, 111-22-3333) }

we have a relation, which we call A. In this case, there are three ordered pairs in the relation A.

Within this relation, there are two interesting sets.

S
N
. Jane Mayer .123-45-6789
. Jacob Smith . 987-65-4321
. Julia Jones 1
. 111-22-3333
 FUNCTIONS

Preparation activity

Imagine that you will go to a school trip. You have 3 buses which are called Bus A, Bus B, and Bus C for
the trip. Please draw possible matchings between 5 of the students (from the trip participants) and the
buses via Venn Diagrams where the students are in the domain and the buses are in the range set.

Please try to answer the following questions according to your drawings in the previous question and
discuss your thoughts with your classmates.

 Is it possible that one element from the domain can be matched with more than one element in
the range?
 Is it possible that two elements from the domain can be matched with the same element from
the range?
 Is it possible that all of the elements from the domain can be matched with the same element
from the range?
 If you know all of the students need to travel with bus, is it possible that one element from the
domain does not match any of the elements from the range?

By considering the questions above, how can you define a function?

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If a relation of A into B satisfies the following conditions then, it is called a function of A into B

 Each element in set A must be matched any element in set B

 Each element in set A must be matched only once

The function of A into B can be denoted by f: A→B, y = f(x)

Functions also indicate input-output relationship in addition to the matching of the elements. Therefore,
functions are similar to the machines.

Example 1:

Which one of the followings is a function?

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Example 2:

Example 3:

The sets A = {0, 1, 2} and B = {a, b, c, d} are given.

Determine the following relations are function or not.

1. {(0,b),(1,a),(2,d)}
2. {(0,c),(1,c),(2,c)}
3. {(0,b),(1,d),(2,a),(1,c)}
4. {(0,b),(1,a),(2,e)}
5. {(0,b),(2,d)}

Example 4:

Determine the following relations are function or not.

Example 5:

Determine the following relations are function or not.

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 DOMAIN, CO-DOMAIN AND RANGE

Domain Co-domain

Range

Example 1:

The set A= {1 , 2 , 3} is the ………………………… …………of the function f

The set B = {3,4,5,6,7,8,} is the …………………………….. of the function f

The set f(A) = {3,4,5} is the ………………………………….. of the function f

NOTE:

The set of range (image) of the function f(x) is denoted by f (A)

Example 2:

Determine the domain, co-domain and range for the given function f.

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 REMARK

1. The domain of the function f(x) = anxn + an-1xn-1 + …. +a2x2 + a1x + a0 is all real numbers, so

D = R where n∈Z+ and an, an-1,…, a2, a1,a0 ∈R

Note: This type functions are called polnomial functions

h( x )
2. The domain of the function f(x) = is D = R \ {g(x) = 0}
g ( x)

3. The domain of the function f(x) = 2n f ( x) is D = {f(x) ≥ 0 } where n ∈ Z+

4. The domain of the function f(x) = 2𝑛+1√𝑓(𝑥) is same as the domain of f(x) where n ∈ Z+

Example 3:

Find the domain of the following functions.

3 2
a) f(x) = 2 x 3  x  7x  5
4

x3
b) f(x)=
x2  4

c) f(x) = 3x  21

d) f(x) = 3
3x  21

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 Vertical Line Test

A relation is a function if there are no vertical lines that intersect the graph at more than one point
because an element from the domain can not match with more than one element from the range.

Example 1:

Determine the following relations are function or not.

Example 2:

Determine the following relations are function or not.

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Example 3: A function f is defined in a tabular form as indicated in the table. Find the rule of the
function using the values of x and y.

x y
0,1 1,3
0,3 1,9
2 7
9 28
14 43

Example 4:

Let f be defined on R. (𝐟: 𝐑 → 𝐑) Each element in the domain is mapped with three more than twice
itself.

𝐱 −𝟒 −𝟏 𝐚 𝐚+𝟏 𝐭𝟐

𝐟(𝐱)

Example 5:

Let A = {1, 3, 5, 7} and B = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}. If f: A → B and f(x) = 8 − x, find the range of f(x).

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Example 6: A function is defined as following “the function matches every number with the number
that is obtained by the sum of its cube and itself”. Then, what is f(5)=?

Example 7:

Let f: A → B, f(x) = x + 5. If B = {4, 6, 8} , f(A) = B and n(A) = 3, find A.

Example 8:

If f: (-2,1)→ R and f(x)= 2x-7, then find the range of f(x).

Example 9:

If f: A→B, f(x)=2x-3 and f(A)=(-1,3], then find the set of A (domain of function).

REMARK: (𝐚 + 𝐛)𝟐 = 𝐚𝟐 + 𝟐𝐚𝐛 + 𝐛𝟐 and (𝐚 − 𝐛)𝟐 = 𝐚𝟐 − 𝟐𝐚𝐛 + 𝐛𝟐

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Example 10:

Let f: R → R and f(x) = x 2 . Find

a) f(x + 5)
b) f(x − 6)

Example 11:

The sets A= {a,b,c} and B= {1,2,3,4} are given. How many distinct functions can be defined from A to
B?

Example 12:
x+2
Let R → R and f(x) = x2 +1. Find

a. f(0) b. f(−1) c. f(2x) d. f(x + 1)

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Example 13:

Let f: R → R and f(x) = x 2 − x + 1. Find the following.

𝐟(−𝟏) 𝐟(𝟐)

𝐟(𝐱 𝟐 ) f(x + 1)

Example 14:

Let f: R → R and f(x) = 2x + 1. If f(2) + f(−1) + f(5) = f(m + 1) + 6, find possible values of m.

Example 15:

Let f: R → R and f(x − 3) = 9x − 11 Find following.

a. f(4) b. f(0)

Example 16:

f:R  R and g:R  R, f(x)=7x-4, g(x)=2x+8 are given. If f(2a)=g(a) then find a.

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Example 17:
f:R  R, f(x)=3x+1-f(x+1), f(4)=3 are given. Find f(2).

Example 18:
f:R  R, f(x)=x.f(x+1) and f(3)=3 are given. Find f(6).

OPERATIONS on FUNCTIONS

We can add, subtract, multiply and Let 𝐟: 𝐀 → 𝐑, 𝐠: 𝐁 → 𝐑 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐀 ∩ Domain of Functions

divide functions! 𝐁≠∅
(f+g)(x) = f(x) + g(x) (f+g): 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 → 𝐑

(f-g)(x) = f(x) - g(x) (f-g): 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 → 𝐑

(f·g)(x) = f(x) · g(x) (f.g): 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 → 𝐑

(f/g)(x) = f(x) / g(x) (f/g): 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 → 𝐑

Note: g(x)≠0!!!!!

The domain of the new combined function is only the element that are shared by the
domains of the original functions.

Example 1:

Let f: {−2, −1,0,1} → R, f(x) = x − 2 and g: {−1,0,2}, g(x) = 3 − x.

Then what is the domain and range of (f + g)?

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Example 2:

Functions f and g are the followings.

f={(1,5), (2,3),(3,1),(4,0)}

g={(1,2), (2,4), (3,4)}

a) What is (f+g)(2)?

b) What is (g-f)(3)?

c) What is (f.g)(1)?

Example 3:
Let f: R → R, f(x) = x + 1 and g: R → R, g(x) = 2x . Find the following.

a) f + g

b) f − g

c) f. g

f
d)
g

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Example 4:

Let f: R → R , f(x) = x − 2, g: R → R, g(x) = 3x + 1.

Calculate the followings.

a) (f + 2g)(1)

b) (f. g)(0)

Example 5:

Let (f + g)(x) = 4x − 2

(f − g)(x) = 2x + 4 .

What is (f. g)(2)?

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 EQUAL FUNCTIONS

Let A and B be sets and f: A → B and g: A → B be functions. We say that f and g are equal and write f=g
if f(x)=g(x) for all 𝒙 ∈ 𝑨 and 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 ≠ ∅.

Example1:

Let A = {−1,4} and B = {−1,14}.

If f: A → B, f(x) = x 2 − 2 and g: ∶ A → B, g(x) = 3x + 2, decide whether f and g are equal functions or

not.

Example2: Let f, g: R → R,

f(x) = (m + 2)x 2 + 3x + n − 4 and h(x)=px+3 are given. If f=g, then what is the value of m+n+p?

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 IDENTITY FUNCTIONS

If f: A → B, for all x ∈ A, f(x) = x or I(x) = x is called an identity function. It means that an identity
function maps each element in the domain with itself.

Examples:

1)f: {1,2,3,4,5} → {1,2,3,4,5} f(x) = x 2) f : Z  Z; f(x)=x 3) f : R  R ; f ( x ) = x

y y

x x

Example 1:

Let f: R → R and f(x) = (2n − 3)x + m − 2 be an identity function. Find the value of m and n.

Example 2:

Let f: R → R and f(x) = (a − 4)x 2 + (b + 7)x + c − b be an identity function. Find the value of a, b,c.

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 Example 3:

Let f be an identity function. If f(2x − 3) = (a − 2)x + b − 3, then find the sum of the value of a + b.

Example 4:

Let f be an identity function. If f: R → R and f(x) = m. (x + 2) + 2. (3 − mx) + n, what is the value of

n?

CONSTANT FUNCTION

Let f: A → B, for all x ∈ A, c ∈ B. If f(x) = c, f(x) is a constant function. That means that a constant
function maps every element in the domain with the same element. The range of f consists of only one
element.

If f is a constant function, then f(x) = c where c ∈ R. In other words there is no variable in costant fuction.

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Example 1:

Let f: R → R and f(x) = (m − 2)x + m + 1 be a constant function. Then find

a) m

𝐛) f(1250)

𝐚𝐱+𝐛 𝐚 𝐛
If f(x) = 𝐜𝐱+𝐝 is a constant functions, then 𝐜 = 𝐝

Example 2:
(m−1)x+2
Let f: R − {2} → R and f(x) = be a constant function. Find m adn f(x).
x−2

Example 3:

Let f: R → R and f(x) = a. (x − 2) + x. (a − 1) + 6 be a constant function. Find the value of a.

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Example 4:

Let f be an identity function and g is a constant function.

If f(2x + 1) + g(3x) = f(3x − 2) + 1 + g(x), find the value of x.

ONE TO ONE FUNCTION

Let f :𝐴 → 𝐵, if f maps distinct element of A into distinct element of B, then f is said to be one to one
function.

That is 𝒇: 𝑨 → 𝑩, 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒂, 𝒃 ∈ 𝑨, 𝒇(𝒂) = 𝒇(𝒃) ⟹ 𝒂 = 𝒃

or 𝒂 ≠ 𝒃 ⟹ 𝒇(𝒂) ≠ 𝒇(𝒃)

Example 1:

Decide which one of the followings is one to one ( 1 to 1)

Example 2:

Let f: R → R, f(x) = 2x. Decide whether f(x) is one to one.

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Example 3:

Let f: R → R, f(x) = x 2 . Decide whether f(x) is one to one.

Example 4:

Let f: R → R, f(x) = x 3 . Decide whether f(x) is one to one.

Example 5:

Let 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 3 − 1. Decide whether 𝑓(𝑥) is one to one.

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 HORIZONTAL LINE TEST

We can decide if it is one to one by looking at horizontal lines that intersect the function's graph.

If any horizontal line 𝑦 = 𝑐 intersects the graph in more than one point, the function is not one to one.

Passes the test Fails the test

Example:Decide whether the following functions whose graphs are given are one to one or not.

ONTO FUNCTIONS

f : A  B , if f ( A ) = B , then f is onto function.

That is, for each y  B, there exists at least one element x  A such that f ( x ) = y.

If for every element of B, there is at least one or more than one element matching with A, then
the function is said to be onto function.

Example 1: Decide whether the following each function is onto or not ?

f g h
B C D E F
A
.0 a. .1 1. .a
-2.
1. .3 b. .2 2.
.8 .3 3. .b
2. c.
.4
3. d.
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Example 2: Let f: {1,2,3,4,5} → {2,4,6,8,10}, f(x) = 2x. Decide whether f(x) is onto or not.

Have you heard of this principle?

https://www.projectmaths.ie/geogebra/venn-diagram/

Example 3: Let 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 and f(x)=𝑥 2 + 1 is given. Decide whether the given function is on-to or not?

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 INTO FUNCTIONS

Let A and B be two nonempty sets. A function f: A→B that satisfies f(A)≠B is called an “into function”.

There exists at least one element 𝒃 ∈ 𝑩 such that f(a)≠b for all 𝒂 ∈ 𝑨.

Example 1: Decide whether the following function is into or not.

a. f(x)=x+2, f: N→N

b. f(x)= 2𝑥 2 f is defined from A={-2,0,1} to B={0,2,8}

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 LINEAR FUNCTIONS

Linear functions are algebraic equations whose graphs are straight lines with unique values for
their slope and y-intercepts.

The function y=f(x) = mx + n is called linear function where m,n ∈ R and m ≠ 0 .

Graphs of Linear Functions

The origin of the name “linear” comes from the fact that the set of solutions of such an equation
forms a straight line in the plane.

Example 1:

Let f be a linear function in R. If f(2) = 2 and f(4) = 12, what is f(8)?

Example 2:

Let f be a linear function in R. If f(3) = 9 and f(6) = 15, what is f(x)?

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Example 3:

Let f: R → R, f(x) = (a − b − 3)x 3 + (2a − b − 7)x 2 + (a − 1)x + (a + b) be a linear function. Find

what f(x) is.

Example 4:

Let f be a linear function in R. If 2. f(x) + f(x + 2) = 9x + 18, find f(5).

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 GRAPHS OF LINEAR FUNCTIONS

Vertical and Horizontal Lines

Vertical lines have an undefined slope, and

cannot be represented in the
form y=mx+by=mx+b,( Vertical lines are NOT
functions)

Horizontal lines have a slope of zero and is

represented by the form, y=by=b, where b is
the y-intercept. (Horizontal lines ARE
functions)

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Example 1:

Draw the graphs of y=2 and x=-1

EVEN and ODD FUNCTIONS

Even Functions: A function is "even" if f(x) = f(−x) for all x.

Even functions are symmetric about the y-axis.

Example : f(x) = x 4 , f(x) = x 6 , f(x) = x 8 , etc are also even functions

Odd Functions: A function is "odd" if −f(x) = f(−x) for all x.

Odd functions are symmetric with respect to the origin.

Example : f(x) = x, , f(x) = x 3 , f(x) = x 5 , f(x) = x 7 , etc are odd function

But an odd exponent does not always make an odd function, for
example x3+1 is not an odd function.

Example 1:

Decide whether each of the followings is even or odd or “neither even nor odd” functions.

a) g: R → R, g(x) = −x + 3

b) h: R → R, h(x) = x 2 + 1

c)r: R → R, r(x) = x 3 − x

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Example 2:
Let f(x) be an odd function. If 2f(x) + f(−x) = x 3 + x, then what is f(3)?

Example 3:
Let f(x) be an even function. If f(x) − 2f(−x) = 3x 2 − 6, then what is f(x + 1)?

Example 4:
Let f(x) be symmetric with respect to y axis. If 3f(x) + f(−x) = 4x 2 + 8, find f(1).

Example 5:
Let f(x) be symmetric with respect to the origin. If f(x) = (a − 1)x 2 + 3xab + b + 2, then
find f(2).

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 PIECEWISE- DEFINED FUNCTIONS

A piecewise function(hybrid function) is a function in which more than one formula

is used to define the output. Each formula has its own domain, and the domain of the
function is the union of all these smaller domains.(Formulas are subfunctions and domains
are subdomains).

We notate this idea like this:

formula 1 if x is in domain 1
f(x)={formula 2 if x is in domain 2
formula 3 if x is in domain 3

Example 1:

Let f (x) be defined on R in the following way:

3x − 2, −∞ < x < −5
x+1
𝑓(𝑥) = { 2 , −5 ≤ x < 0
x +1
2x + 4, 0≤x<∞

𝒂) 𝐟(−𝟓) 𝐛)𝐟(−𝟏𝟎) 𝐜) 𝐟(𝐱 𝟐 )

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 GRAPHS OF PIECEWISE DEFINED FUNCTIONS

Example 2:

Parking time(hour) Parking price (TL)

𝟎<𝒕≤𝟏 𝟏, 𝟎𝟎
𝟏<𝒕≤𝟐 𝟑, 𝟎𝟎
𝟐<𝒕≤𝟒 𝟔, 𝟓𝟎
𝟒<𝒕≤𝟔 𝟏𝟎, 𝟎𝟎
Draw the graph of parking price with respect to time.

Example1 :
Draw the graph of 𝑘(𝑥).

−𝑥 + 2 , 𝑥 ≤ 1
f(x)={−2, 1 < 𝑥 ≤ 3
2𝑥 − 1, 𝑥 > 3

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 READING GRAPHS and INTERPRETING DATA

a is a member of domain of f and b is a member of image such that f(a) = b.

Then 𝐛 is

 the value of 𝐟 when applied to 𝐚

 the image of 𝐚 under 𝐟.
 the output of 𝐟 for argument 𝐚
 𝐚 is the inverse image of 𝐛 under 𝐟

Example 1:

Let the function g be the following. Find

a) domain of g

b) range of g

c) the images of −2,0,3 in the domain under g

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Example 2:

Let the functionf be the following. Find

a) domain of f

b) range of f

−3
c) the images of −3, , 0,1,2,3 in the domain under f
2

3 3
d) the images of elements in [− 2 , 0] and [1, 2] under f

Example 3:

The graph shows the height of a young tree with respect to years when it is planted.

a) Find its heights in 3rd, 6th and 7th years.

b) In which years are the heights 4m and 14 m respectively.

c) How many years later will its height be 14 m when it is 4 m now?

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Example 4:

a) Find domain and range of function whose graph is given.

b) Find domain and range of the shaded part of the function.

ZEROS of a FUNCTION

Let a ∈ R. If 𝐟(𝐚) = 𝟎, then 𝐚 is called zero of the function f.

In other words, zeros of a function are roots of 𝐟(𝐱) = 𝟎.

The zeros of a function f are the x coordinates of the x intercepts of the graph of f.

Example 1:

Find the zeros of the following functions.

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Example 2:

Let f be defined on R and the above figure be the graph of f. Find the sum of roots of

f(x) = 0.

Example 3:

Let f and g be defined on R. According to given

figure,

a) Find zeros of f
b) Find zeros of g
c) Find x values which satisfy f(x) = g(x)

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 DAILY LIFE PROBLEMS MODELLING BY CONSTANT FUNCTIONS

Example1:

Let 𝑓 is the function of income of a company with respect to time and 𝑔 is the function of
expense of that company with respect to time. It is given that 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟏𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 and 𝒈(𝒙) =
𝒙 + 𝟑, 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟔

a) Draw the graphs of 𝑓 and 𝑔 in the same coordinate plane.

b) Find the time at which income and expense of that company are equal.
c) State in which time interval the company is at a profit or at a loss.
d) Find the maximum profit of the company.

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Example 2:
A parachute jumper jumps out of an airplane and his speed is fixed when he reaches
900 m above the ground. When 𝑡 = 30 seconds, he is at 600 m above the ground.

a) Find the average rate of change in height.

b) Write the function of height from the ground with respect to time (after 900m)

c) Find the slope of function (in part b)

d) Assume that he is at 900 m. How long will it take him to reach the ground?

Height (m)

Time(s) (seconds)

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 COMPOSION of FUNCTIONS

 Composion of functions: Combining of functions such that the output from one
function becomes the input for the next function.
 The range (the y-value answers) of one function becomes the domain (the x-values)
of the next function.
 Let f: A → B and g: B → C be functions. The function
gof = {(x, z): (x, y) ∈ f and (y, z) ∈ g} is defined from
A to C.
(𝐠𝐨𝐟)(𝐱) = 𝐠(𝐟(𝐱))
 Read as (“g composed with f” of “x”) or (“g” of “f” of
“x”)

Example 1:

Let f: R → R, f(x) = x + 2 ; g: R → R, g(x) = 2x − 5 and h: R → R , h(x) = x 2 + 3. Find the

followings

a) g(f(x))

b) (h o g)(x)

c) (f o f)(x)

d) f(h(1))

e) (f o go h)(x)

38
Example 2:

Let f(x) = x 2 and g(x) = x + 3. Find (f o g)(x) and (g o f)(x).

ARE THESE ANSWERS SAME?

Note that ……………………………………………………………………………………………

Example 3:
Find f(−3) if (fof)(x) = 4x − 3 for a linear function 𝐟(𝐱).

LET’S REMEMBER
If 𝐟: 𝐑 → 𝐑,
𝐟(𝐱) = 𝐚𝐱 + 𝐛,
f is called linear function.
Ex: f(x) = 2x + 1

Example 4:
If (fog)(x) = 2x 2 − 3 and f(x) = x + 2, then what is g(x)?

39
Example 5:
Let f(x) = 2x + 3 and (gof)(x) = x 2 − 3x − 8. Find g(−5).

Example 6:
f(x+1)=2x-5 and g(3-x)=3x+1 are given. Find ( gof)(2).

Example 7:
x+2
Let f,g: R→R f(x) = 5 and g(x) = 2x + a. If ( fog)(0) = 2, what is a?

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REMARK: Let 𝐚 is a member of domain of 𝐟 and 𝐛 is a member of range such that 𝐟(𝐚) = 𝐛.
Then
INVERSE FUNCTION
 𝐛 is the image of 𝐚 under 𝐟.

 𝐚 is the inverse image of 𝐛 under 𝐟

Example 1:

The graph of function f is given . Find

a) Image of 3 under f.
b) Inverse images of 3 and 0 under f.

Example 2:

Decide which of the followings is a function or not.

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 What kinds of functions have an inverse?

If a function is ………………………………………………………., then it has an

inverse function from B to A.

𝐟 = {(𝐱, 𝐲): 𝐱 ∈ 𝐀, 𝐲 ∈ 𝐁} → 𝐟 −𝟏 = {(𝐲, 𝐱): (𝐱, 𝐲) ∈ 𝐟}

𝐈 : identity function.

If 𝐟: 𝐀 → 𝐁, 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐱 ∈ 𝐀, 𝐟(𝐱) = 𝐱 𝐨𝐫 𝐈(𝐱) = 𝐱 is called an identity function. It means that an

identity function maps each element in the domain with itself.

𝐟 −𝟏 𝐨 𝐟 = 𝐟 𝐨 𝐟 −𝟏 = 𝐈

Given that f(x) is an one-to-one and onto function,

 𝐟(𝐱) = 𝐲 ⇔ 𝐱 = 𝐟 −𝟏 (𝐲)

 (𝐟 −𝟏 )−𝟏 = 𝐟

Graphs of Inverse Functions

 The graphs are symmetric about the line y = x.

 Domain of 𝑓 = Range of 𝑓 −1

 Range of 𝑓 = Domain of 𝑓 −1

 If you fold the paper along the line y = x, the graphs will match up.

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STEPS TO FIND the INVERSE of a FUNCTION

Take the function f: R → R f(x) = 3x + 5

1) Replace 𝐟(𝐱) with 𝐲 𝐲 = 𝟑𝐱 + 𝟓

2) Solve for "𝐱 = " 𝐲 − 𝟓 = 𝟑𝐱

(𝐲 − 𝟓)/𝟑 = 𝐱

3) Replace every 𝐱 with a 𝐲 and replace (𝐱 − 𝟓)

𝐲=
every 𝐲 with an 𝐱. 𝟑

4) Then replace 𝐲 with 𝐟 −𝟏 (𝐱 ) (𝐱 − 𝟓)

𝐟 −𝟏 (𝐱) =
𝟑

Example 2:

If f : R →R, f(x) = 2x + 6, then what is f −1 (x)?

REMARK:
𝐱−𝐛
𝐟(𝐱) = 𝐚𝐱 + 𝐛 ⇔ 𝐟 −𝟏 (𝐱) =
𝐚

𝐚𝐱+𝐛 −𝐝𝐱+𝐛 𝐝 𝐚
𝐟(𝐱) = ⇔ 𝐟 −𝟏 (𝐱) = where f: R−{− 𝐜 } → 𝐑 − {𝐜}
𝐜𝐱+𝐝 𝐜𝐱−𝐚

Example 3:
If f(x)=ax-3 and f −1 (2)=5, then what is a?

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Example 4:
2x−1
If f ∶ R − {3} → R − {2}, then what is the inverse function of f(x) = ?
x−3

Example 5:
6−4x
If f : R →R, f(x) = , then what is f −1 (x)?
5

Example 6:
2x−3
If f : R−{0} →R−{2}, f(x) = , then what is f −1 (1)?
x

Example 7:
5
If f : R−{-1} →R−{0}, f(x) = , then what is f −1 (x)?
x+1

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Example 8:
If f: (2, ∞) → R, f(x) = √x 2 − 3 then what is f −1(x)?

Example 9:
If f : R →R, f(2x – 3) = x + 2 , then what is f(x)?

𝐟(𝐚) = 𝐛 ⇔ 𝐟 −𝟏 (𝐛) = 𝐚

Example 10:

What is f −1 (5) if f(x) = 2x − 3?

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Example 11:
x−2 2−x
Let f be defined on R and f ( 2 ) = 3 , what is f −1 (−2)?

Example 12:
3x+2
Let f and g be functions. If f(x) = 3x − 1 and g(x) = , then what is (fog −1 )(1)?
x

Example 13:
x−1
Let f and g be functions. If f(x) = 7 − 2x and g(x) = 3 , then what is (g −1 of)(3)?

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Example 14:
Let f and g be functions. (f −1 og)(x) = 12x + 1 and g(x) = 2x + 3 are given. What is f(7)?

Example 15:

Let f and g be functions. f(2x + a) = 3x − 4 and f −1 (11) = 8 are given. What is (fof)(10)?

REMARK:
Let 𝐟, 𝐠, 𝐡 be functions and 𝐟𝐨𝐠 = 𝐡
𝐟𝐨𝐠 = 𝐡 ⇒ 𝐟 −𝟏 𝐨(𝐟𝐨𝐠) = 𝐟 −𝟏 𝐨𝐡 ⇒ 𝐠 = 𝐟 −𝟏 𝐨𝐡.

𝐟𝐨𝐠 = 𝐡 ⇒ (𝐟𝐨𝐠)𝐨𝐠 −𝟏 = 𝐡𝐨𝐠 −𝟏 ⇒ 𝐟 = 𝐡𝐨𝐠 −𝟏 .

Example 16:
Let g and f be defined on R. f(x) = x − 3 and (f −1 og)(x) = 5x + 3, then what is g(x)?

47
Example 17:
Let g and f be defined on R. If (fog)(x) = 3x − 5 and f(x) = 2x − 4, then what is g(x)?

Example 18:
Let g and f be defined on R. If (gof)(x) = 2x 2 − 3 and g(x) = 2x − 1, then what is f(x)?

Example 19:
Let g and f be defined on R. If (f −1 og)(x) = 5x − 1 and g −1 (x) = 2x + 3, then what is f(4)?

REMARK: (𝐟𝐨𝐠)−𝟏 = 𝐠 −𝟏 𝐨 𝐟 −𝟏

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Example 20:
x−2
Let f(x) = and g(x) = x − 2. What is (fog)−1 (−1)?
3

Example 21:
Let f be an one to one and onto function. The graph of f(x) is given. Then what is

f(−3)+f−1 (0)
?
f(f(−2))

Example 22:

The graphs of 𝑓 and 𝑔 are given. Then what is

f(−1)+(fog)(5)
?
g−1 (0)

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Example 23:
f
The graphs of f and g are given. What is (f + g)(3) − (g) (0)?

Example 24:

Let f be a linear function. The graphs of f and g are given. What is (f −1 og)(−6)?

50
Example 25:

The graphs of f and g are given. Find

a) (gof)(−1)

b) (fog −1 )(−5)

c) (f + g)(1) − (f. g)(−1)

REFERENCES:

Aydın, İsmail and Mevlüd Peken. Mathematics for High School 9. Different Publishing,2011.

Erel, Turgut. Orta Öğretim Matematik 10. Ankara: Ada Matbacılık, 2019.

Çakır, Saadet and Hüseyin Buğdayoğlu. 10th Grade Mathematics Question Book. Karekök Publishing, 2020.

Stefan Baratto, Barry Bergman. Mathematics Elementary and Intermadiate Algebra fourth edition.

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