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Normal Distribution

NORMAL-DISTRIBUTION

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16 views15 pages

Normal Distribution

NORMAL-DISTRIBUTION

Uploaded by

knightmare dragneel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

Presentation by Engr. Bryan R. Dela Peña

MEM 103 | 2023 Engr. Leopoldo Cura, Ph,D.


INTRODUCTION

The commonest and most useful continuous distribution.

A symmetrical probability distribution where most results are located in


the middle and few are spread on both sides.

It has the shape of a bell.

Can entirely described by its mean and standard deviation .


Normal Distribution
 Can be found practically everywhere:
 In nature
 In Engineering and industrial processes
 In social and human science

 Many everyday data sets follow approximately the normal


distribution
Normal Distribution
 Examples:
 The body temperature for healthy humans
 The height and weight of adults
 The thickness and dimensions of the product
 IQ and standardized test scores
 Quality control test results
 Errors in measurement
Normal Distribution
Why?

 Used to illustrate the shape and variability of the data


 Use to estimate future process performance
 Normality is an important assumption when conducting
statistical analysis
 - certain spc charts and many statistical inference test require
the data to be normally distributed
Normal Distribution
Normal Curve:
 A graphical representation of the normal distribution
 It is determined by the mean and standard deviation
 It is a symmetric unimodal bell-shaped curve
 Its tail extending infinitely in both directions
 The wider the curve, the larger the standard deviation
and the more variation exists in the process
 The spread of the curve is equivalent to six times the
standard deviation of the process
Normal Distribution
 Helps calculate the probabilities for normally distributed
populations
 The probabilities are represented by the area under the
normal curve
 The total area under the curve is equal to 100% (or 1.00)
 This represents the population of the observations
 We can get a rough estimate of the probability above a
value, below a value, or between any two values
Normal Distribution
 Since the normal curve is symmetrical, 50 % of the data
lie on each side of the curve
Normal Distribution
Empirical rule:
For any normally distributed data:
 68% of the data fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean
 95% of the data fall within 2 standard deviation of the mean
 99.7% of the data fall within 3 standard deviation of the mean
Normal Distribution
Supposed the heights of a sample men are normally distributed
The mean height is 178cm and a standard deviation is 7 cm

We can generalize that:


-68% of population are between 171cm and 185cm.
- This might be a generalization, but its true if the data is normally
distributed.
Normal Distribution
For a stable normally distributed process, 99.73% of the values lie within
+/-3 standard deviation of the mean
Normal Distribution
STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
 A common practice to convert any
normal distribution to the
standardized form and then use
standard normal table to find
probabilities
 The standard normal distribution (Z
distribution) is a way of
standardizing the normal distribution
 It always has mean of 0 and standard
deviation of 1.
Normal Distribution
Any normally distributed data can be
converted to the standardized form
using the formula:
Z= (X-µ)/σ

Where:
‘x” is the data point of the question.
‘z’ (or Z-score) is a measure of the
number of standard deviations of the
data point from the mean
Normal Distribution
THANK YOU!

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