NEBOSH

MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH AND SAFETY

UNIT IG1:
For: NEBOSH International General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety

MANAGEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

UNIT IGC1:
For: NEBOSH International General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety
NEBOSH International Certificate in Construction Health and Safety
NEBOSH International Certificate in Fire Safety and Risk Management

Open Book Examination

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Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0006-ENG-OBE-V1 June21 © NEBOSH 2021 page 1 of 8

Task 1: Investigating causes of the accident

Question 1
Every incident occurred have some administrative failure. According to scenario there are
following management failures;
 Absence of health and safety policy
There were no proper health and safety policy in the company to protect worker from accident or ill
health which is totally management failure.

 Lack of management commitment

Its employer duty to provide safe place and safe system of work but in the company Management
only focusing on the job and complete the task quickly they have no concern to workers health
and safety which is another failure.

 No reviewing policy
Company has generic risk assessment which was conduct 5 year old shows absence of
documents reviewing policy in company which is management failure.

 Lack of supervision
It is duty of organisation to provide supervision but at the time of accident there was no
supervision which is indicating towards management failure.

 Incompetent workers
It is management duty to hire experienced and competent workers for the job but management
totally fail to comply with their jobs obligation because newly hire porter was young and have no
much experience.

 Lack of manpower
There is high staff turnover rate in the company and still vacant many job positions therefore
increased work load on the worker which is the main cause of accidents, and shows management
failure.

 Poor communication
There is no right communication system in organisation, at the time of accidents driver call to
ambulance through his personal mobile phone which indicates management has to fail to provide
proper communication.

 Blame culture
Manager give no any care to previous near miss to avoid accident but when this happen occurred
he directly blame the young porter for this accident which show presence of blame culture which
is management failure.

 No reporting or investigating system

As per scenario, 3 month earlier near miss occur but no one report or take action to investigate to
avoid the re-occurrence which is indicating that there were no near miss reporting system shows
the carelessness of management.

Task 2: Reporting the accident

Question 2 (a)
It is Essential to report the accident to the enforcement authorities because it is legal duty of the
employer so that enforcement authorities can investigate the incident to identify arise of risk.it
also important for the employer to avoid the legal prosecution in the courts. Under the Regulation
(RIDDOR) 2013 reporting of injuries disease and dangerous occurrence regulation, it’s also
necessary to report. It will help to maintain the record of the organisation.
It is useful to report the regime for insurance purposes and civil claims. It is also report the
agencies because agencies investigation report through third party used to improve and update
the company policies, JSA, risk assessment and safe working method. Under the convention 1985
(p-155) article 4 and convention 1981 (c-155),R-194 it is legal requirements.it is important to report

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0006-ENG-OBE-V1 June21 © NEBOSH 2021 page 2 of 8

to use for review and as reference to make sure to compliance with local and international laws.

Question 2 (b)
Local legislative by local authorities, P-155, and RIDDOR will be follow to report or notify the
recent accident internally and externally,
Internal reporting
Internally an email will be generated and circulated among the all departments regarding the
accident happened.it will be published and updated on company’s official website as safety alert.
Recent accident will be take in notice to the all directors, health and safety persons, senior
managers and worker representative through the daily health and safety meetings. All workers will
be informed regarding this accident through tool box talk (TBT).
External reporting
Injured persons family will be informed through the phone call. External Competent and
enforcement authority will be informed on-line through the email and phone calls and within 10
days a written report paying attention accident will be sent to the authorities.

Task 3: Suitability of the generic risk assessment

Question 3
According to scenario, risk assessment was carried out 5 year earlier which was generic and was
not according to nature of workplace or actual hazards at work-site. Occurrence of two lost time
injury accident back to back in only 3 month short period of time and increasing number of
musculoskeletal disorders show that old risk assessment totally failed to assess the work place
hazards and reduce the risk level.
Drivers and porters are both takes part in manual handling of furniture and heavy and large items
and materials. Induction training were provided to each new worker while manually handling
annual trainings arrange only once in the year by external company. But due to manual handling
musculoskeletal disorders regularly increased along with two accidents in three month which were
demanding to change the work pattern, eliminating the manual handling and improve the trainings.
Organization has safe system of work for the safe motility of people and vehicle and provided
banks-man. This situation enforcing to conduct new risk assessment according to nature of work
and hazards of workplace, design specific passage for this type status and make sure proper
lifting plan before manual handling.
According to scenario company’s overall conceptualization regarding risk assessment is not
suitable and totally fail because it is not design for specific act also not covered the all workers
who might be injured in the work-site

Task 4: Improving organisational health and safety culture

Question 4
Positive indicators of health and safety culture in Removal Company are followings;

 Management commitment towards health and safety

As per scenario, manager visits client place to removal need and evaluate the problems to avoid
any loss, damage and business delays which appearance the management commitment which is
indicator of positive health and safety culture

 Induction training
Provision of induction training to every new worker regarding first-aid, emergency arrangements,
and all other information concomitant to company policies, standards, and working procedure
through visits and tours of both sides appearance the positive health and safety culture.
 Presence of safe system of work
Company provide the adequate assistance to the drivers and other workers for the safe
movement of vehicle which is showing the presence of safe system of work and indicating towards
positive health and safety culture .
 Effective Communication

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0006-ENG-OBE-V1 June21 © NEBOSH 2021 page 3 of 8

All necessary information were provided to workers in the company, manager conduct meetings
and speak directly with workers which caused to enhanced the moral and motivate the workers
which is indicator of positive health and safety culture.
 Internal audits
Company is conducting regularly internal audit of management process which shows the presence
of active monitoring in the removal company which is sign of positive health and safety culture.
 Investigation system
Company have incident investigation system to find root causes of accident and avoid to re-
occurrences of this type incidents in the future, and also to compliance with legal standards which
is indicating the positive health and safety culture.
 Allocation of resources
Company manger makes sure to allocate proper resources and suitable equipment for all the jobs
to increase the progress and efficiency which is the good practice and shows the presence of
positive health and safety culture.
 Housekeeping
All the drivers and porter during the work in the ware house make sure the proper housekeeping
and take pride in cleanliness which shows the positive attitude of worker which is a sign of positive
health and safety culture.
 Emergency arrangements
Presence of fully stocked first-aid boxes, certified first-aider and provision of information to new
workers regarding emergency shows that company have emergency arrangements which is
indicator of positive health and safety culture.
 Inspection
Positivity of health and safety culture can be judge through the presence of active monitoring in
the work place as manger visits the site regularly for to check the capability level of system and
carrying out inspection.
 Manual handling training
As company have work to remove the heavy objects and material , like furniture, piano
and other large items therefore manual handling is the company leading activity so every
year company arrange manual handling training to increase workers strength which is
sign of positive health and safety culture.

Task 5: Discussing moral reasons for managing health and safety

Question 5
It is shown in scenario, that company just focusing on reputation. Morals regarding health and
safety are followings,
It is employer duty to provide safe place, safe environment and safe system of work to their
employees, because Workers provide their services to company and earn money for their families.
If they get injured it suffered their families also in pain which is not acceptable by society.
According to ILO every year 2.3 million people died in work related accident or disease. World
15% population suffered into accidents.
According to scenario, provision of safe system of work for movement of vehicle and people
showing interest of the company’s towards their moral responsibilities. Company is also providing
induction training to new workers and annually manual handling trainings. Company is providing of
one-day refresher course, first-aid boxes and hiring of trained first-aiders indicating that
somewhere company is complying with their responsibilities.
Somewhere increase in absenteeism, staff turnover rate and musculoskeletal disease due to
unresolved workers issues, stress, short-term sickness, and pressurized worker shows need to
focus on management lacking. For the effective communication only manager is trying his best but
other management is on back foot. Absence of worker complains policy and lack of consultation
shows management negligence.
Company has no emergency action plan while risk assessment and safe system of work was 5
year old and not review and update according to actual hazards and nature of job. Lack of proper
trainings and number of workers for tough jobs decreased moral of worker and increased accident
rate. Hiring of inexperienced and young porters indicates organisation direction towards moral
responsibilities.
Lift the material from limited access and egress or narrow areas required proper lifting
plan but organisation not developed any plan or safe working method which leads to
accident and loss of business. Company will bear another civil claim and associated cost

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0006-ENG-OBE-V1 June21 © NEBOSH 2021 page 4 of 8

to accident due to reoccurrence of accidents. Company should comply with their moral
obligation regarding health and safety because human life cannot be comprised.

Task 6: Role and responsibility of the manager

Question 6
Must be consider the following provision to effectively carry out the manager role and
responsibilities regarding the health and safety
 Specific and precisely risk assessment and safe system of work according to nature of
jobs and work site actual hazards must be developed and implemented on team based
approach.
 Competent and suitable numbers of workers should be provided to the manger to
balance the work load and working in safe manners according to the scope of work or
nature of the work site.
 To ensure the mangers roles and responsibilities more effectively regarding health and
safety must be Implementation of Clearly and well defined organisation health and
safety policy and procedures.
 Provision of adequate equipment and vehicle and well establish workplace according to
the nature of work activity will help the manager and his team to do work more
effectively.
 Induction training, hazards communication system and tool box talk to the entire worker
should be provided to improve their working skill and efficiency.
 Health and safety meeting should be conducted regularly, record must be maintained
and all relevant information must be shared.
 To show the management commitment towards health and safety manger should lead
from the front as a leader and must be promoting the positive health and safety culture.
 Reporting system and investigation system must be developed and implemented to find
out the under lying causes and reoccurrence of these types accident in the future.
 New techniques and safe working method should be developed to make the heavily
material loading unloading in easy and safe manners.

Task 7: Reviewing first-aid arrangements

Question 7 (a)
As scenario provision of first-aid at ware house is proportionate and realistic. Following factors
should be considered in review
Nature of work
At time of assessing first aid provision in the company nature of work is to keep in mind because
some difficult work required more attention during time of first-aid provision against less hazards
work. For example construction site has more hazards and required maximum arrangement s than
the food bakery.

Work pattern and shift system

Work pattern and shift system should be considered during review of first-aid arrangements
because complex work pattern and shift system has more chances to cause accident and required
arrangement accordingly to complexity.
Hazards in work place
keep in mind nature of hazards existing at workplace during deciding first-aid cover for the
organisation, because it gives us better idea that which types of hazards is existing, what types of
accident can occur and what types of first-aid arrangement should be done. According to Scenario

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0006-ENG-OBE-V1 June21 © NEBOSH 2021 page 5 of 8

Company mostly work in manual handling therefore carrying out manual handling risk assessment
and decide first aid.
No of workers.
Number of workers must be considered at time of first aid provision because huge number of
workers required more first aid kits, more first aid facility and many first aiders, however less
number of worker required less arrangement.
No of vulnerable workers
Presence of venerable worker (lone worker, expectant mother, young person and disabled
workers) required deep consideration during assessing first-aid cover for organisation because
they have more threats. According to ILO for every 50 workers required 01 first aid kit while each
vulnerable person required 01 first aid kit.
Accidents history
During the review firs aid provision accidents history must be considered because it gives us idea
of accident types and injuries and we can easily analyze the first aid requirement according to
history of the accident.
Specific arrangements to activities
this company mostly moving on vehicles so this company provide each vehicle first aid kit with
first aider similarly consideration must be given to this factor that company have need of specific
arrangement or not.
Absence of first aider
This factor also required consideration at reviewing time that if appointed first aider is absent their
backup must be present.

Question 7 (b)
Reviewing the provision of realistic and proportionate first-aid for drivers and porters in remote
activity additional consideration are followings,
 A first-aider should be available on the work site from the drivers or porters with valid
third party certification.
 equipment’s, suitable stock of first-aid kits and certified first-aider must be present.
 Keep in mind the geographic location of remote area during the consideration.
 Communication equipment should be provided in remote site activity.
 Ensure the presence of emergency rescue plan on the remote area
 Distance of the emergency services from the work site should be considered.

 According to Australia government of remote location, organisation should provide one

third party certified first aider for every 10 worker having certificates Emergency First-Aid
at Workplace(EFW) and First-Aid at workplace (FW).
 Make sure the provision of first aid kits on all vehicles according to local legislation for
the mobile workers.

Task 8: Reactive monitoring information that gives cause for concern

Question 8
According to scenario, after reactive monitoring cause of concern are followings
Risk assessment
Safe system of work and risk assessment was generic and not sufficient according to company
work activities therefore both should be specific and precise according to the scope of work and
nature of the job (like clear the passage, tools & equipment and vehicles) to ensure the
identification of rare hazards and their suitable control measure.
Management commitment
After active monitoring it came to know that higher management only concerned with the job or
task and take not serious to workers health and safety which leads to accidents. All company
policies, and procedure should be designed according to workers concern regarding health and

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0006-ENG-OBE-V1 June21 © NEBOSH 2021 page 6 of 8

safety and management should be visible and lead from the front.
Reviewing policy
As Its find after reactive monitoring that both document ( risk assessment and safe system of
work) were reviewed 5 year earlier, shows there is no proper policy to review the documents.
There should be clearly well defined policy to review and update the document on monthly,
quarterly, or annually.

Reporting system
There should be proper reporting system for every near miss so that anyone can report the
incident, and take responsible action against every reporting incident like the proper investigation
should be done and find out the causes of accident, take suitable control measure to avoid the
reoccurrence. Lack of reporting system was found in the reactive monitoring.
Manpower
Management Should assigned the trained and adequate number of workers to perform the job
according to nature of work activity, untrained and less number of workers cause to accident as
shown in the scenario. There is no proper access and egress in the client house caused to
accident.

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Docu  Q No.2A. Save fast fire and safety training LLC, IG1, ELEMENT # 4
ment  RRC International study notes
s and •https://www.hse.gov.uk/toolbox/managing/reporting.htm#:~:text=The
sourc
%20report%20tells%20the%20enforcing,they%20need%20to%20be
es of
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matio • https://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg453.pdf
n you • https://www.iso9001help.co.uk/10.2%20Incident%20Investigation.html
used • https://www.ehstoday.com/safety/article/21920050/why-reporting-all-
in incidents-matters
your •https://www.ilo.org/legacy/english/protection/safework/cis/products/
exami safetytm/chemcode/15.htm
natio  • https://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/relm/ilc/ilc90/rep-v-1.htm
n
 Q No.2B Reference Save fast fire and safety training LLC, IG1, ELEMENT # 4
 RRC International study notes
 https://www.hse.gov.uk/riddor/report.htm#:~:text=All%20incidents
%20can%20be%20reported,8.30%20am%20to%205%20pm).
 https://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg453.pdf
 https://www.ilo.org/safework/info/standards-and-instruments/codes/
WCMS_107800/lang--en/index.htm
 https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---
safework/documents/publication/wcms_208214.pdf
https://www.osha.gov/incident-investigation

Q No.3. Reference Based on scenario only

Q No.8. Reference Based on scenario only
Q No.1. Reference Based on scenario only
Q.No.5. Reference Save Fast Fire and Safety Training LLC Textbook, IG1, Element # 1
 https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/fod/inspect/mast/roles.htm

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0006-ENG-OBE-V1 June21 © NEBOSH 2021 page 7 of 8

 
 https://www.hsa.ie/eng/Topics/Managing_Health_and_Safety/
Safety_and_Health_Management_Systems/
 https://flightsafety.org/files/gap_tip_sheet-4.pdf

End of examination

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Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0006-ENG-OBE-V1 June21 © NEBOSH 2021 page 8 of 8