Problems on axial load

The rigid bar CDE is attached to a pin support at E and rests on the 30-
mmdiameter brass cylinder BD. A 22-mm-diameter steel rod AC passes
through a hole in the bar and is secured by a nut that is snugly fitted
when the temperature of the entire
assembly is 20°C. The temperature
of the brass cylinder is then raised
to 50°C, while the steel rod
remains at 20°C. Assuming that no
stresses were present before the
temperature change, determine the
stress in the cylinder.
Rod AC: Steel Cylinder E = 200 GPa α = 11.7 × 10−6∕°C
BD: Brass E = 105 GPa α = 20.9 × 10−6∕°C
Solution
CDE ‫ نهيىك‬F.B.D ‫وزسم ال‬
∑

( )

: ‫مه حشابه انمثهثاث (اوظز انشكم أسفم ) وجذ أن‬

|Page1
 ‫ونكه ‪:‬‬

‫(‬ ‫( هو ػبارة ػه األسخطانت في انهيىك ‪ BD‬وخيجت درجت انحزارة)‬ ‫الحظ أن ال )‬

‫(‪.‬‬ ‫واالوكماش وخيجت انقوة انمحوريت )‬

‫وخيجت ارحفاع درجت انحزارة نهيىك ‪ BD‬فإوه يحذد اسخطانت في انهيىك مقدارها‬
‫(‬ ‫( )‬ ‫)‬

‫(في انهيىك ‪ BD‬فإوه يحذد اوكماش في انهيىك مقدارها‬ ‫وخيجت انقوة انمحوريت )‬

‫(‬ ‫)‬

‫‪|Page2‬‬
Stress in cylinder BD

Stress in cylinder AC

Assume the poisson's ratio for steel is 0.29 and brass 0.34 determine
the new length and diameter of rod BD and AC.

For rod BD

For rod AC

|Page3
Each of the rods BD and CE is made
of brass (E = 105 GPa) and has a
cross-sectional area of 200 mm2.
Determine the deflection of end A of
the rigid member ABC caused by the
2-kN load. Also, calculate the stress
developed in link EC and link BD.
Solution
ABC ‫ نهيىك‬F.B.D ‫وزسم ال‬
∑
𝑭𝑩𝑫 𝑭𝑪𝑬

( ) 𝑭𝒙
𝑭𝒚
:)‫مه حشابه انمثهثاث (اوظز انشكم أسفم‬

|Page4
 𝜹𝑪
𝜹𝑩

𝜹𝑨

( )

: ‫) يىخج أن‬2(‫) و‬1( ‫بحم انمؼادنخيه‬

( )

Stress in link EC

( )

Stress in cylinder BD

( )

|Page5
(Final 2017).The rigid bar BDE is supported by two deformable links
AB and CD. Link AB is made of aluminum ( Eal.=70 GPa ) and has a
cross-sectional area of 500mm2 ; link CD is made of steel ( Est.= 200
GPa ) and has a cross-sectional area of 600 mm2 (as in Figure). For 30
kN force shown and assuming that the links AB and CD remain vertical,
determine:
(a) The vertical deflection at the points E, D and B.
(b) The average normal stress developed in the links AB and CD.

‫حاول بىفسك‬

|Page6
The rigid castings A and B are connected by two 0.75 in.-diameter steel
bolts CD and GH and are in contact with the ends of a 1.5-in.-diameter
aluminum rod EF. Each bolt is single-threaded with a pitch of 0.1 in.,
and after being snugly fitted, the
nuts at D and H are both tightened
one-quarter of a turn. Knowing that
E is 29 × 106 psi for steel and 10.6
× 106 psi for aluminum, determine
the normal stress in the rod.
Solution
Bolts CD and GH.
‫ تتىلد فيهن قىة‬GH,CD ‫وخيجت انخماثم فإن انهيىك‬
‫يٌتج عٌها استطالة‬ ‫شد‬

Rod EF
‫يٌتج عٌها اًكواش‬ ‫ تتىلد فيهن قىة ضغط‬EF ‫انهيىك‬

‫ بوصت‬0.1 ‫انصامونت هاحهف ربغ نفت انخطوة‬

|Page7
 ( ) ( )
For casing B

( )
:‫) يىخج أن‬2(‫) و‬1( ‫بحم انمؼادنخيه‬

Stress in rod EF

( )

Stress in rod CD and GH

( )

The brass tube AB (E = 15 × 106 psi) has

a cross-sectional area of 0.22 in2 and is
fitted with a plug at A. The tube is
attached at B to a rigid plate that is itself
attached at C to the bottom of an
aluminum cylinder (E = 10.4 × 106 psi)
with a cross-sectional area of 0.40 in2.
The cylinder is then hung from a support
at D. To close the cylinder, the plug
must move down through in.
Determine the force P that must be
applied to the cylinder.
Solution
2Pc=P (1)

‫أكمم انحم‬
|Page8
Three steel rods (E=200 GPa)
support a 36 KN load P. Each of
each rods AB and CD has 200 mm2
cross sectional area. Determine the
(a) change in length of rod EF, (b)
the stress in each rod.
Solution
∑
( )
( )
‫أكمم انحم‬

( )
( )

At room temperature ( ) a 0.5-mm

gap exists between the ends of the rods
shown. At a later time when the
temperature has reached ,
determine (a) the normal stress in the
aluminum rod, (b) the change in length
of the aluminum rod.
Solution

( )
( )

|Page9
 ( )

( )

( )

(Final-2019)The steel rod AB shown has a 20-mm-diameter and the

stiffness of the spring is k = 50 MN/m,The
modulus of elasticity and poisson's ratio of
steel are Est=200 GPa and vst=0.32 when the
60-kN force is applied,
Determie:
A. The displacement of point A.
B. The average normal strain and stress in
the rod BA.
C. The new length and new diameter of the
rod BA.

Solution
The displacement of point A
‫ هي هقدار االًكواش في السىستة وهقدار االستطالة في القضية‬A ‫ إزاحة الٌقطة‬: ‫الحظ أن‬
AB

| P a g e 11
The average normal strain and stress in the 𝒙𝒔𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈

rod BA. 𝜹𝒎𝒆𝒄

The new length and new diameter of the rod BA.

| P a g e 11
The assembly consists of two 10-mm diameter red brass C83400 copper
(Ebr =101 GPa) rods AB and CD, a 15-
mm diameter 304 stainless
steel(Est=193 GPa) rod EF, and a rigid
bar G. If the horizontal displacement of
end F of rod EF is 0.45 mm, determine
the magnitude of P. Also, calculate the
average normal stress in AB and EF
Solution

Average normal stress in AB and EF

( )

( )

| P a g e 12
The hanger consists of three 2014-T6 aluminum alloy (E=73.1 GPa)
rods, rigid beams AC and BD, and a spring.
If the hook supports a load of P=60KN
determine the vertical displacement of F.
Rods AB and CD each have a diameter of
10 mm, and rod EF has a diameter of 15
mm. The spring has a stiffness of K=100
MN/m and is unstretched when P = 0.
Solution
‫وخيجت انخماثم‬

| P a g e 13
The assembly consists of two red brass (E=101 GPa) copper rods AB
and CD of diameter 30 mm, a stainless (E=193 GPa) steel alloy rod EF
of diameter 40 mm, and a rigid cap G.
If the supports at A, C and F are rigid,
determine the average normal stress
developed in rods AB, CD and EF.
Solution
‫ نهشكم‬F.B.D ‫بزسم ال‬

( )

( )

: ‫) يىخج أن‬2(‫) و‬1( ‫بحم انمؼادنخيه‬

Average normal stress in AB and EF

( )

( )

| P a g e 14
The 2014-T6 aluminum rod AC is
reinforced with the firmly bonded A992
steel (E=73.1 GPa) tube BC. When no
load is applied to the assembly, the gap
between end C and the rigid support is
0.5 mm. Determine the support
reactions when the axial force of 400
kN is applied.
Solution

‫حاول بىفسك‬

If the gap between C and the rigid wall at D is initially 0.15 mm,
determine the support reactions at A
and D when the force is P = 200 kN
applied. The assembly is made of A-
36 steel (E=200 GPa).
Solution

| P a g e 15
The support consists of a solid red brass C83400 copper(E=101 GPa)
post surrounded by a 304 stainless steel
tube(E=193 GPa). Before the load is applied
the gap between these two parts is 1 mm.
Given the dimensions shown, if P=50 KN
determine the stress developed in each tube.
Solution

( )
( )
‫أكمم انحم‬

The assembly consists of two posts AD and CF made of A-36 steel and
having a cross-sectional area of 1000
mm2, and a 2014-T6 aluminum post
BE having a cross-sectional area of
1500 mm2. If a central load of 400
kN is applied to the rigid cap,
determine the normal stress in each
post. There is a small gap of 0.1 mm
between the post BE and the rigid
member ABC.
Solution
‫وخيجت انخماثم‬
∑

( )
( )
‫أكمم انحم‬
| P a g e 16
(Final-2020)The 12.5 mm diameter rod CE and the 19 mm diameter rod DF
are attached to a rigid bar ABCD as shown in figure. The two rods are made
of Aluminum ( ) If a force of 44.5 KN is
applied to the rigid bar ABCD at point A as shown , determine:
a) The deflection of point A and the 𝐴𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑚
corresponding extensions of the
rods CE and DF.
b) The average normal stress in the
rod CE.
c) The average normal strain in the
rod DF and its new diameter.
𝐾𝑁
Solution
ABCD ‫ نهيىك‬F.B.D ‫وزسم ال‬

𝐾𝑁

( ) ( )
( )
‫ كما بانشكم أسفم‬deflection ‫ فإوه يحذد‬A ‫ ػىذ انىقطت‬44.5 KN ‫ػىذ حأثيز انقوة‬

| P a g e 17
 ‫مه حشابه انمثهثاد (في انشكم انسابق )‪:‬‬

‫) (‬

‫) (‬

‫) (‬

‫) (‬

‫بانخؼويض مه انمؼادنت (‪ )4‬و (‪ )5‬في انمؼادنت (‪ )3‬يىخج أن ‪:‬‬

‫) (‬

‫بانخؼويض مه انمؼادنت (‪ )6‬في انمؼادنت (‪:)1‬‬

‫‪| P a g e 18‬‬
Normal stress in rod CE

Average normal strain in rod DF and its new diameter

| P a g e 19
(Final-2018)Knowing that a 0.5 mm
gap exists between the rods shown in
figure. When the temperature is ,
determine:
a) The temperature at which there is
no gap.
b) The temperature at which the normal stress in the stainless steel
rod will be .What is the normal stress of the
aluminum rod at this temperature?
c) The exact length of the steel and the aluminum rods at the
calculated temperature in point (b).
Solution
The temperature at which there is no gap.
) )

( )

The temperature at which the normal stress in the stainless steel

rod will be .

) ) ) )

( )

| P a g e 21
 ( )

The exact length of the steel and the aluminum rods at the
calculated temperature.
) )

) )

( )

| P a g e 21
 Problems on Bending and torsion
(Final 2018)A countershaft carrying two V-belt pulleys is shown in the
figure. Pulley A receives power
from a motor through a belt with
the belt tensions shown. The power
is transmitted through the shaft and
delivered to the belt on pulley B.
Assume the belt tension on the
loose side at B. Assume the belt
tension on the tight side at B is
T1=2880 N and the tension on the loose side is T2=432 N.
a) Determine the precise location of the critical stress element.
b) Use the maximum shear stress theory to determine the factor of
safety for the shaft. Assume the yield strength in shear equal 250 MPa.
Solution
The precise location of the critical stress element
‫لتحديد هكاى القطاع الحرج التد هي حساب عسم االًحٌاء وعسم اللي ويكىى القطاع الحرج هى‬
)‫الٌقطة ذو أقصي قيوة للعسوم (طانما قطز انشافج ثابج‬
O,C ‫ووجذ ردود األفؼال ػىذ كزاسي انخحميم‬

𝑹𝑶 𝑹𝑪

| P a g e 22
 ( ) ( )

:‫ كما بانشكم انخاني‬B.M.D ‫وزسم ال‬

‫ كما بانشكم انخاني‬Torque diagram ‫وزسم ال‬

( ) ( )

The critical stress element will be

at point B as there are the
maximum bending moment and T
torque.

| P a g e 23
The maximum shear stress theory to determine the factor of safety
for the shaft.

√( )

√( )

( )

| P a g e 24
(Final 2019)The shaft shown in Figure 2 has a diameter of 40 mm.
a) Find the magnitudes of the bearing reactions ( ),
assuming the bearings act as simple supports.
b) Draw the bending-moment and
the torque diagrams for the shaft.
c) At the point of maximum bending
moment, determine the bending
stress, the torsional shear stress,
the principal stresses and the
maximum shear stress.
Solution

.)x-z( ‫) و‬x-y( ‫ نذنك البذ مه انخؼامم مغ انمسخوييه‬y,z ‫يجب إيجاد ردود األفؼال في االحجاهيه‬

For (X-Z) plane

𝑪𝒛 𝑫𝒛

𝟖 𝑲𝑵

| P a g e 25
∑

For (X-Y) plane

𝟏𝟒 𝑲𝑵
𝑪𝒚

𝑫𝒚

| P a g e 26
Bending Moment Diagram

√ √

| P a g e 27
 √ √

Torque Diagram
( ) ( ) ( )

The max bending moment at point A

 Principle normal stress

√( )

√( )

 max shear stress ( )

| P a g e 28
 ( )
√( )

(Final 2017)In the shown figure, the diameter of the large pulley
(Pulley B) is 300 mm and the diameter of the small pulley (Pulley C) is
200 mm. The bearings at A and
D exerts only x and z
components of forces on the
shaft. The solid shaft is made
from steel with yielding strength
of 250 MPa .
A.Draw the bending moment and the torque diagrams for the shaft.
B. What is the smallest diameter of the shaft to the nearest multiples of
5 mm according to the maximum distortion energy failure theory?
Use the factor of safety=2.
Solution

)‫حاول مغ وفسك (وفس فكزة انمسأنت انسابقت‬

: ‫الحظ أن‬

| P a g e 29
The shaft in Figure is supported by smooth journal bearings at A and B .
Due to the transmission of power to and from the shaft, the belts on the
pulleys are subjected to the tensions
shown. Determine the smallest diameter
of the shaft using the maximum-shear-
stress theory, with .
Solution

‫ وال‬torque diagram ‫وخبغ وفس انخطواث انسابقت (إيجاد ردود األفؼال ثم رسم ال‬
:‫) وجذ أن‬bending moment
√ √

( ) ( )
( )

| P a g e 31
 √( ) √( ) ( )

)‫حاول بىفسك (انمسائم انخانيت‬

The bearings at A and B exert only x
and z components of force on the
steel shaft. Determine the shaft’s
diameter to the nearest millimeter so
that it can resist the loadings of the
gears without exceeding an allowable
shear stress of . Use
the maximum-shear-stress theory of
failure.

Determine to the nearest millimeter the minimum diameter of the solid

shaft if it is subjected to the gear
loading. The bearings at A and B
exert force components only in the y
and z directions on the shaft. Base
the design on the maximum
distortion- energy theory of failure
with .
| P a g e 31
Determine the smallest allowable
diameter of the solid shaft ABCD,
knowing that and that
the radius of disk B is r = 120 mm.

The two 500 Ib forces are vertical

and the force P is parallel to the z
axis. Knowing that τall = 8 ksi,
determine the smallest permissible
diameter of the solid shaft AE.

The rotating solid steel shaft is simply supported by bearings at points B

and C. The force F from the drive gear acts at a pressure angle of 20°.
The shaft transmits a torque to point A
of TA = 340 N · m. The shaft is
machined from steel with
. Using a factor of safety of
2.5, determine the minimum allowable
diameter of the shaft based on the
distortion energy theory.

| P a g e 32