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Experiment 03

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13 views3 pages

Experiment 03

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32196shadow
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Experiment No.

03:
Experiment Name: Study of Half-Wave Rectifiers.
Objective: The objective of this experiment is to calculate, compare, draw, and measure the DC output voltages of
half-wave rectifier circuits.

Theory:

The primary function of half-wave and full-wave rectification systems is to establish a DC level from a sinusoidal
input signal that has zero average (DC) level.
The half-wave voltage signal of Fig 1, normally established by a network with a single diode, has an average or
equivalent DC voltage level equal to 31.8% of the peak voltage Vm.
That is Vdc = 0.318 .Vpeak volts (half-wave) eq.2.1
The full-wave rectifier signal of Fig.2.1 has twice the average or DC level of the half-wave signal, or 63.6% of the
peak value Vm.
That is Vdc = 0.636 .Vpeak volts (full-wave) eq.2.2
For large sinusoidal inputs (Vm>> VT) the forward-biased transition voltage VT of a diode can be ignored. However,
for situations when the peak value of the sinusoidal signal is not that much greater than VT, VT can have a noticeable
effect on VDC

Figure 1: Half wave rectifier

In rectification systems the peak inverse voltage (PIV) must be considered carefully. The PIV voltage is
the maximum reverse-bias voltage that a diode can handle before entering the Zener breakdown region.
For typical single diode half-wave rectification systems, the required PIV level is equal to the peak value
of the applied sinusoidal signal. For the four diodes full wave bridge rectification system, the required PIV
level is again the peak value, but for a two diode center tapped configuration, it is twice the peak value of
the applied signal.

Half-wave Rectifiers with Smoothing Capacitor

In the process of rectification from an AC current to DC current, the amount of ripples present in the DC output will
be greatly reduced by placing a capacitor in parallel with the resistive load. The capacitance of the capacitor should

Page 1 of
Prepared By 3
Md. Sabbir Hasan
Sohag
be very high in order to eliminate great amounts of AC harmonic frequencies in DC output, but the cost and size of
the capacitor should be less.

Figure
2
Equipment List:

1. Bread Board
2. Multi-meter
3. Diodes.
4. Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
5. Resistor –1.5K, 1K.
6. Capacitor - 100μF
7. DC Power Supply.
8. Signal Generator.
9.
Experimental Procedure:

1. Construct the circuits of Fig.3 using diode. Record the measured value of the resistance R. set
the function generator to 50 Hz, 10 Vp-p sinusoidal voltages using the oscilloscope.
2. Using the oscilloscope with the DC position, obtain the voltage V0 and sketch the
waveform. Before viewing V0 be sure to set the V0 = 0 V line using the GND position of the
coupling switch.
3. Calculate the DC level of the half-wave rectifier signal using eq.2.1 (for half wave) and eq.
2.2 (for full wave).
4. Measure the DC level of V0 using the DC scale of the DMM and find the percent difference
between the measured value and the calculated value of part 2(e) using the following equation:

Report Writing:
1. Using the threshold voltage VT, determine the theoretical output voltage V0 for the circuit of fig 1.
2. Calculate the value Vm and Vdc for half wave rectification.
3. Reverse the diode of fig.2 in the Half-Wave Rectifier circuit and sketch the output waveform.
Page 2 of
Prepared By 3
Md. Sabbir Hasan
Sohag
Discussion:
a) What has been taught in this experiment?
b) Discuss the causes of error.

Page 3 of
Prepared By 3
Md. Sabbir Hasan
Sohag

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