Class work problems on Module 1 - 2024

1. In a steam plant 1 kg of water per second is supplied to the boiler. The enthalpy and velocity
of water entering the boiler are 800 kJ/kg and 5 m/s. The water receives 2200 kJ/kg of heat in
the boiler at constant pressure. The steam after passing through the turbine comes out with a
velocity of 50 m/s and its enthalpy is 2520 kJ/kg. The inlet is 4 m above the turbine exit.
Assuming the heat losses from the boiler and turbine to the surroundings are 20 kJ/s, calculate
the power developed by the turbine. Consider the boiler and turbine as single system.

2. Air at 1.02 bar, 22 0C initially occupying a cylinder volume of 0.015 m 3, is compressed

reversibly and adiabatically by a piston to a pressure of 6.8 bar. Calculate (i) Final temperature
(ii) Final Volume (iii) Work done.

3. A gas undergoes a reversible non-flow process according to the relation p= (-3V + 15) where V
is the volume in m3 and p is the pressure in bar. Determine work done when the volume
changes from 3 to 6 m3.

4. 60 liters of an ideal gas at 290 K and 1 bar is compressed adiabatically to 10 bar. It is then
cooled at constant volume and further expanded isothermally so as to reach the condition from
where it started. Evaluate 1) pressure at the end of constant volume cooling, 2) change in
internal energy during constant volume process, 3) net work done and heat transfer during the
cycle. Assume Cp = 14.25 kJ/kgK and Cv = 10.15 kJ/kgK.

5. In a steady flow process, the fluid flows through a machine at the rate of 15 kg/min. The
entrance and exit parameters of the machine are Velocity 5 m/s and 8 m/s, Pressure 100 kPa
and 700 kPa, Specific volume 0.45 m3 /kg and 0.125 m3 /kg resp. The working fluid leaves the
machine with internal energy 160 kJ/kg greater than that at entrance and during the process,
7200kJ/min of heat is lost to the surrounding. Assuming entrance and exit pipe to be at the
same level, calculate the shaft work and the ratio of inlet pipe diameter to outlet pipe diameter.

6. A system containing 0.2 m3 of air at a pressure of 4 bar and 160 0C expands isentropically to
pressure of 1.06 bar and after this the gas is heated at the constant pressure till the enthalpy
increases by 65 kJ. Calculate the work done. Now imagine that these processes are replaced
by a single reversible polytropic process producing same work between initial and final stage;
find the index of expansion in this case. Take Cp of air = 1.005 kJ/kg K.

7. A turbo-compressor delivers 2.33 m3/s of air at 0.276 MPa, 43 0C which is heated at this
pressure to 430 0C and finally expanded in a turbine which delivers 860 kW. During expansion
there is a heat transfer of 0.09 MJ/s to the surroundings. Calculate the turbine exhaust
temperature if changes in kinetic and potential energy are negligible.

8. In a steady flow system, fluid flows at the rate of 15 kg/min. It enters at a pressure of 100 kPa,
a velocity of 5 m/s, Internal energy 50 kJ/kg and specific volume 0.45 m 3/kg. It leaves the
system at a pressure of 700 kPa, a velocity of 8 m/s, internal energy 160 kJ/kg and specific
volume 0.125 m3/kg. During its flow through system there is a heat loss of 7200 kJ/min.
 Assuming entrance and exit pipes to be at the same level. Calculate the shaft work and ratio
of inlet pipe diameter to outlet pipe diameter.

9. In a steady flow system fluid flow at the rate of 5 kg/s. It enters at a pressure of 620 kPa a
velocity of 300 m/s, Internal energy 2100 kJ/kg and specific volume 0.37 m3/kg it leaves the
system at a pressure of 130 kPa a velocity of 150 m/s Internal energy 1500kJ/kg and specific
volume 1.2 m3/kg. During its flow through the system there is a heat loss of 30 kJ/kg.
Determine the power capacity of the system in kW. State whether it is from or to the system.
Neglect change in P.E.

10. Steam flows into a turbine, at a flow rate of 5000 kg/hr. The turbine develops a power of
550 KW. The heat loss from the casing of the turbine and the bearings is negligible.
a. Find the change in enthalpy across the turbine, if the inlet velocity is negligible and exit
velocity is 360 m/s and the change in potential energy is negligible.
b. Find the change in enthalpy across the turbine, if the velocity at entry is 66 m/s and the
inlet pipe is 3 m above the exit pipe.

11.0.06 m3 air at 5 bar and 200 0C expands isentropically until the pressure becomes 2 bar. It is
then heated at constant pressure until the enthalpy increase during this process is 80 KJ.
Calculate work done in each process and total work done.