Unit–8 Projection of a Side of a Triangle

Acute Angled Triangle (K.B) Pythagoras’s Theorem (K.B)

o
A triangle having all angles less then 90 is It states that “In a right angled triangle,
called acute angled triangle. square of hypotenuse is equal to, sum of
i.e In the fig,  ABC is an acute angle squares of other two sides”. From
triangle. the ABC , b2  a2  c2

Obtuse Angled Triangle (K.B)

A triangle having one of its angles greater Apollonius Theorem (K.B)
than 90 is called obtuse angle triangle. It states that “In any triangle, the sum of the
squares on any two sides is equal to twice
the square on half the third side together
with twice the square on the median which
bisects the third side”.
Projection (K.B)
Image on Footing is called projection. CD

Right Angled Triangle (K.B) is projection of AB on XY .

A triangle having one of its angles equal
to 90 is called right angle triangle.

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Unit–8 Projection of a Side of a Triangle

Theorem 1 (A.B)
8.1(i)
In an obtuse angled triangle, the square on the side opposite to the obtuse angle is equal
to the sum of the squares on the sides containing the obtuse angle together with twice
the rectangle contained by one of the sides, and the projection on it of the other.
Given:
ABC is a triangle having an obtuse angle BAC at A. Draw CD
perpendicular on BA produced. So that AD is the projection of
AC on BA produced. Take mBC  a, mCA  b ,
mAB  c, mAD  x and mCD  h .
To Prove:
( BC)2  ( AC)2  ( AB)2  2(mAB) (mAD) i.e., a2  b2  c2  2cx
Proof:
Statements Reasons
Inrt CDA,
mCDA  90 Given
( AC)  ( AD)  (CD)
2 2 2 Pythagoras Theorem
or b 2  x 2  h 2 (i)
Inrt CDB,
mCDB  90 Given
( BC)  ( BD)  (CD)
2 2 2 Pythagoras Theorem
or a 2  (c  x) 2  h 2 BD  BA  AD
 c  2cx  x  h (ii)
2 2 2

Hence a 2  c 2  2cx  b 2 Using (i) and (ii)

i,e., a 2  b 2  c 2  2cx
or ( BC)2  ( AC)2  ( AB)2  2(m AB)(m AD)
Theorem 2 (A.B)
8.1(ii)
In any triangle, the square on the side opposite to acute angle is equal to sum of the
squares on the sides containing that acute angle diminished by twice the rectangle
contained by one of those sides and the projection on it of the other.
Given:
ABC with an acute angle CAB at A.
Take mBC  a, mCA  b and mAB  c
Draw CD  AB so that AD is projection of AC on AB
Also, mAD  x and mCD  h
To Prove:
 BC    AC    AB    
2 2 2
 2 m AB m AD
i.e a2  b2  c2  2cx
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Proof:
Statements Reasons
In rt CDA
mCDA  90 Given
 AC    AD   CD 
2 2 2

Pythagoras Theorem
i.e., b 2  x 2  h 2 (i)
In rt CDB,
mCDB  90 Given
 BC    BD   CD 
2 2 2
Pythagoras Theorem

a2   c  x   h2
2
Form the figure
or a 2  c 2  2cx  x 2  h 2 (ii)
a 2  c2  2cx  b2 Using(i) and (ii)
Hence, a 2  b 2  c 2  2cx

    AC    AB    
2 2 2
i.e., BC  2 m AB m AD

Theorem 3 (A.B)
(Apollonius’ Theorem)
8.1(iii)
In any triangle, the sum of the squares on any two sides is equal to twice the square on
half the third side together with twice the square on the median which bisects the
third side.
Given:
In a ABC, the median AD bisects BC.
i.e., mBD  mCD
To Prove:
 AB    AC     
2 2 2 2
 2 BD  2 AD
Construction:
Draw AF  BC
Proof:
Statements Reasons
In ADB SinceADB is acuteat D
    BD    AD   2mBD.mFD   i 
2 2 2
 AB Using Theorem 2
Now in ADC SinceADC is acuteat D
    CD    AD   2mCD.mFD
2 2 2
 AC
Using Theorem 1
  BD    AD   2mBD.mFD   ii 
2 2

Thus  AB    AC   2  BD   2  AD 
2 2 2 2
Adding (i) and (ii)

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Exercise 8.1 From ABD

Q.1 (A.B) cos 45 
mBD
Given: m AB
mAC  1cm , mBC  2cm , mC  120 1 mBD

compute the length AB and the area 2 4 2
of  ABC. 4  mBD
Solution: Now putting the values in formula
For area of 
 mAC    4 2    6  2 6 4
2 2 2
From the figure,
 m AC   16  2  36  48
2

 m AC   32  36  48
2

 m AC   20
2

mACD  180  mACB Taking square root m AC  20  4.47

(Supplementary Angles)  mAC  4.47cm
= 180o -120o Exercise 8.2
= 60o Q.1 In a ABC calculate mBC when
From  ACD, mAB  6cm , mAC  4cm and mA  60
m AD (A.B)
Sin60o =
m AC
3 m AD

2 1cm
3
 m AD   1cm mAD  0.877cm
2
1
Area of  ABC = cm mBC  mAD Solution:
2
By Theorem 8.2, we get
1
 Area of  = base× height
 BC    AB    AC 
2 2 2

2  2mAB.mAD
 Area of  ABC  0.877cm2 For value of mAD
Q.2 Find mAC if in ABC mBC  6cm , From  ADC,
mAB  4 2 and mABC  135 . m AD
cos60o =
(A.B) m AC
Solution: 1 m AD
=
2 m AC
1
mAC = mAD
2
Or
 BC    AB    AC  1
2 2 2
 2mAB. mAC
2
Putting the values
 m AC    m AB    mBC 
2 2 2
 2mBCmBD
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 BC  1
  6   4  2.6. .4
2 2 2 151
 BD
2 2
 BC 
2
 36  16  24 Q.3 In a parallelogram ABCD prove
   
that AC  BD  2  AB  BC     
2 2 2 2

 BC   
2
 28
(A.B)
Taking square root on both sides Ans: By theorem 8.3, we have
mBC  28 D C
Result
mBC  28cm
Q.2 In a ABC, mAB  6cm, mBC  8cm , O
mAC  9cm and D is the mid point
of side AC . Find length of the A B
2 2
(A.B)
 AB    BC   2  AC   2  BD 
median BD . 2 1 2 1
Ans: 2  2 
By Theorem 8.3, we have 1 1
 AB    BC    BD    AC 
2 2 2 2

 AB    BC   2  AD    BD  
2 2 2 2
2 2
1
 AB    BC    BD    AC  
2 2 2 2
B
2
O is mid point of BD and AC
       
Or 2  AB  BC   AC  BD
2 2 2 2

 
Hence Proved
Miscellaneous Exercise 8
A D C Q.1 In a ABC, mA  60 , prove that
Putting the values
 BC    AB    AC 
2 2 2
 mAB.mAC .
 9  2 2
 6   8  2     BD  
2 2
(A.B)
 2   Given:
 49 2 In a  ABC, m  A = 60o
36  64  2    BD   To prove:
4 
 BC    AB    AC 
2 2 2

 49 2
 m AB.m AC
100  2    BD  
4  Proof:
49
50    BD 
2

4
49
50    BD 
2

4
200  49
  BD 
2

4
151 By Theorem 8.2, we get
  BD 
2

 BC    AB    AC   2m AB.m AC   i 
2 2 2
4
Taking square root on both sides

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 BC    AB    AC  1
2 2 2
For value of mAD  2mAB. mAC
From  ADC, 2
m AD
    AB    AC 
2 2 2
Cos60o = Or BC  2m AB.m AC
m AC
1 m AD Hence Proved
=
2 m AC Q.3 In a ABC, calculate mBC when
1
mAC = mAD mAB  5cm, mAC  4cm, mA  60 .
2
Put in equation (i) (A.B)

 BC    AB   AC   2mAB. 12 mAC Solution:

2 2 2

Or
 BC    AB    AC 
2 2 2
 m AB.m AC
Hence Proved
Q.2 In a ABC, mA  45 , prove that
 BC    AB    AC  
2 2 2
2mAB.mAC .
(A.B) By Theorem 8.2, we get
 BC    AB    AC 
2 2 2
Given:  2mAB.mAD
In a ABC, mA  45
To prove For value of mAD
 BC    AB    AC   From  ADC,
2 2 2
2mAB.mAC
m AD
Proof: Cos60o =
m AC
1 m AD
=
2 m AC
1
mAC = mAD
2
Or

 BC    AB    AC  1
2 2 2

By Theorem 8.2, we get  2mAB. mAC

2
 BC    AB    AC   2m AB.m AD   i 
2 2 2
Putting the values

 BC  1
  5   4   2.5. .4
2 2 2
For value of mAD
2
From  ADC,
 BC 
2
m AD  25  16  20
cos45 
 BC 
2
m AC  21
1 m AD
= Taking square root on both sides
2 m AC
1 mBC  21
mAC = mAD Result:
2
mBC  21 cm
Put in equation (i)

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Q.4 In a ABC , calculate mAC when 42mCD  630

mAB  5cm , mBC  4cm , mCD 
630
mB = 45 . (A.B) 42
By theorem 8.2, we have mCD  15
 Length of projection of AC upon
BC  15cm
Q.6 In a triangle ABC , mBC  21cm ,
mAC  17cm and mAB  10cm .
Calculate the projection
(A.B)
 m AC    m AB    mBC 
2 2 of AB upon BC .
 2m AB  mBD Solution:
For value of BD
mBD
cos 45 
mBC
1 mBD

2 4cm
4cm
 mBD From the figure, we get
 AC    AB    BC    
2 2 2 2
Now putting the values in equation (i)  2 mBD mBC

 mAC    5   4   2  5 
4
17   10    21  2mBD  21
2 2 2 2 2 2

2
 mAC  12.71cm 289  100  144  42mBD
Q.5 In  ABC, mBC  21cm , mAC =17cm , 42mBD  541  289
mAB =10cm . Measure the length 42mBD  252
of projection of AC upon BC 252
mBD 
(A.B) 42
Solution: mBD  6
Result
 Project of AB upon BC  6cm
Q.7 In a  ABC, a  17cm , b  15cm ,
c  8cm . Find mA (A.B)
Solution:

From the figure, we get

 AB    BC    AC 
2 2 2
 2mBC.mCD
Putting the values
10    21  17   2  21 .mCD
2 2 2

100  441  289  42mCD From fig, we get

 BC    AB    AC 
2 2 2
42mCD  730  100  2 mAB  mAD

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Putting the values cos mB  0.48cm

17   15  8   2  8  m AD mB  cos1 0.48
2 2 2

mB  61.9
289  225  64  16  mAD Q.9 Whether the triangle with aides
16  mAD  289  289 5cm, 7cm, 8cm is acute, obtuse or
16  mAD  0 right. (A.B)
m AD  0 Solution:
m AD Let a  5cm, b  7cm and c  8cm
From  CAD, cos mA =
a 2  b2   5   7  c2  8
2 2 2
m AC
0  25  49  64
cos mA 
8 = 74
cos mA  0 Since a  b2  c2 is acute angled.
2

mA  cos1 0 Or
mA  90o a2 = 52 = 25
Q.8 In a ABC, a  17cm, b  15cm and b2 = 72 = 49
c2 = 82 = 64
c  8cm find mB . (A.B) Since a2 + b2 > c2  is acute angled.
In ABC Q.10 Whether the triangle with sides
Solution: 8cm,15cm,17cm is acute, obtuse or
right angled. (A.B)
Solution:
Let a  8cm, b  15cm and c  17cm
a 2   8cm   64cm 2
2

b 2  15cm   225cm 2
2

c 2  17cm   289cm 2
2

a  17cm, b  15 cm and c  8 cm Since a 2  b2  c2

By theorem 8.2, we have  with given sides form a right
angled triangle.
 m AC    m AB    mBC 
2 2 2
 2mBC  mBD Note (A.B + U.B + K.B)
Putting the values If a  b  c ,  is a right angled 
2 2 2

If a2  b2  c2 ,  is a obtuse angled 
15  8  17   2 17  mBD
2 2 2

If a2  b2  c2 ,  is a acute angled 
225  64  289  34mBD Where, c is longest side
34 mBD  353  225
 128
 mBD  3.76 cm
Now from ABD
mBD
cos mB 
m AB
3.76 cm

8 cm

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