Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies

Introduction

In this module, you will learn more about entrepreneurship and the
entrepreneurial competencies related to Dressmaking. You will have a
first-hand experience in educational activities leading to personal
assessment of your entrepreneurial competencies of a successful
dressmaker in your community.
Entrepreneurs are people with skills and capabilities who see and
evaluate business opportunities. They are individuals that can strategically
identify products or services needed by the community and they have the
capacity to deliver these at the right time and at the right place.
Entrepreneurs are agents of economic change; They organize,
manage and assume risks of a business. Some of the good qualities of an
entrepreneur are opportunity seeker, risk taker, goal setter, excellent
planner, a confident problem solver, hardworking, persistent, and a
committed worker.
Entrepreneurship, on the other hand, is not just a simple business activity.
It is a strategic process of innovation and new venture creation. Basically,
entrepreneurship is both an art and science of converting business ideas
into marketable products or services to improve the quality of living.

Below are characteristics/traits/attributes of a good entrepreneur:

 Hardworking: This means habitually working diligently for a long
period of time. Hardworking people keep on improving their
performance to produce good products and/or provide good
services.

 Self-confidence: Entrepreneurs have confidence in one’s ability

and own judgment. They exhibit self-confidence in order to cope
with all the risks of operating their own business.

 Discipline: Successful entrepreneurs always stick on the plan and

fight the temptation to do what is unimportant.

 Committed: A good entrepreneur accepts full responsibility of

everything in his/her business. He/she gives full commitment and
solid dedication to make the business successful.
 Ability to accept change: Nothing is permanent but change.
Change occurs frequently. When you own a business, you should
cope-up and thrive on changes. Capitalize on positive changes to
make your business grow.

 Creative: An entrepreneur should be creative and innovative to

stay in the business and in order to have an edge over the other
competitors.

 Has the Initiative: An entrepreneur takes the initiative. You must

put yourself in a position where you are responsible for the failure
or success of your business.

 Profit-Oriented: An entrepreneur enters into the world of business

to generate profit or additional income. This shall become the
bread and butter for you and for your family as well. Therefore, you
must see to it that the business can generate income.

Listed below are the important skills of a successful entrepreneur:

 Planner: Planning is strategic thinking and setting of goals to
achieve objectives by carefully maximizing all the available
resources. A good entrepreneur develops and applies step-by-step
plans to realize goals. A good entrepreneur knows that planning is
an effective skill only when combined with action.

 People Skills: It’s a very important skill in order to be successful in

any kind of business. People skills refer to effective and efficient
communication and relation to people working in and out of your
business. In day-to-day business transactions, you need to deal
with people. A well-developed people skill can spell out the
difference between success and failure of the business.

 Decision Making: Successful entrepreneurs have the ability to

think quickly and to make a wise decision towards pre-determined
set objectives. No one can deny that the ability to make wise
decisions is an important skill that an entrepreneur should possess.
Sound decision should spring out from given facts and information
and should be towards the pre-determined objectives.
QUARTER I
LESSON 1 PRODUCE LADIES’ SKIRT

Learning Outcome 1 Draft and Cut Pattern for Ladies’ Skirt

Principles of Design

1. Proportion in design involves the relationship of one part to another. Uneven space
relationships are more interesting than even ones.

Pictures showing proper proportion in dress

In choosing accessories, proportion should always be considered. For example,

a woman with large facial features would not choose a small bag or a small hat which
will make her feature even larger, or vice-versa.

There should be balance- either formal or bisymmetrical balance. The heavier

weight must be placed nearer the center. If there is proportion and balance in a dress,
there is a feeling of harmony. There is uniformity and order in the design, there is unity
and similarity rather than contrast.

2. Balance is the feeling of rest and equilibrium. This is essential to the total design of a
costume.

a. Formal or Symmetrical Balance is achieved

when two sides of a design are alike on either
side of its vertical center. Balance in the use of
color is essential for a pleasing effect. The Law
of Areas requires that the large areas of color
should be low in intensity. A small area of intense
color will balance a large area of dulled color. A
very dark value such as black or charcoal gray
may be balanced by a small amount of pure
white. Medium gray requires a larger area of a
pale gray to achieve balance.
 b. Informal balance or Asymmetrical Balance is achieved by using space,
color, and the varying importance of objects to
produce a feeling of rest. It is more difficult to
achieve than formal balance, but it lends itself to
more interesting arrangements. A dress with side
draping on the skirt might have a jeweled pin or a
flower on the opposite side of the bodice to
produce informal balance.

c. Radial Balance When major parts of the garment

design radiate from the central part of the garment,
creating a sunburst.

3. Harmony is the pleasing combination of hues, values, and intensities. The color
wheel is presented so that you will learn the arrangement and relationship of colors
to the proper dress that is best for your feature. Given as follows are illustrations
of women wearing monochromatic harmony.

4. Emphasis means that one part of a design must be more

important than the other parts. The eye should go first to this part.
A repetition of line or placement of color is applied to achieved
emphasis. A design which is too “busy” loses its point of
emphasis and becomes confusing. Good design in dress leads
the eye to the most attractive feature of face or figure.
5. Rhythm is the movement of the eye from one part of the design to other parts.
Repetition of a line or shape is one of the most common ways of attaining rhythm. In
clothing, curved lines tend to be more rhytmic than straight lines because curved repeat
the lines of the figure.

Rhythm could be depicted through:

a. Repetition- Rhythm could be achieved by repetition

or regular recurrence of motifs of design, shapes,
buttons, tucks, pleats, laces, edgings, color,
textures, fabric designs etc. This can be done with
all parts having the same shaped edges.

b. Progression- Rhythm is also created by

progression or by gradation. Gradation implies a
gradual increase or decrease of similar design
elements. The gradual changes provide continuity
while giving a feeling of movement. Example:
Colors can go from light to dark or textures from fine
to coarse or vice versa, shapes may range from
small to large, and lines may range from thin
to thick.
c. Transition- Transition is a fluid rhythm created
when a curved line leads the eye over an angle.
The curved lines of transition cause the eye to
change direction gradually rather than abruptly.
Transitional lines and shapes sweep and glide over
the figure in an undulating rhythm leading the eye
gracefully and easily from one area or direction to
another. They are found in dropped shoulder
designs, puff sleeves and cap sleeves, etc.

d. Radiation- Rhythm by radiation creates a feeling

of movement in different directions. This
organized movement originates from a central
point of gathers, folds, tucks, darts, pleats and
lines. Direction of radiation may be in a similar or
one direction, opposing direction or both the
directions, several directions and all directions.

e. Continuous line movement- This type of rhythm

is obtained by flowing lines of trims, bands
of color, fabric designs etc, which make the eye
move in a continuous line. This movement also
unifies the garment design bringing about
harmony.
 Elements of Design

LINE FOR
M
SHAPE
TEXTURE

COLO
R
1. Line
The basic part of any design is formed by lines.The eye tends to follow the
direction of the line in a dress design or in the fabric of the dress. Lines may be horizontal,
vertical, straight, curved, diagonal, radiating, down-sweeping, up-sweeping, or angular,
and they are capable of creating interesting illusions.

a. Horizontal- gives the impression of shorter and heavier.

b. Vertical – gives the impression of height.

Within the design of a compositon, there are three

main groups of lines: lines of repetition which follow each other,
contrasting lines which go at opposite angles or in different
directions, and transitional lines which modify or soften
contrasting lines. A curved line between two opposing lines
illustrates a transitional line. Lines of repetition create the
closest harmony, whereas contrasting lines create the least
harmony, and transitional lines give a qualifying effect which
allow opposing lines to be used together with less startling
effect.

Lines in dress
2. Form
Form refers to the shape of an object as
determined by line. In costume design the silhouette
is the term used to describe form which may repeat,
may contrast, or be transitional.

When the lines of a dress repeat the form of

the body too closely, they produce an uncomfortable ,
restricting effect. At the other extreme, a silhouette
which is completely opposed to the lines of the figure
distorts rather than enhances the total design. A
design suggests the contours of the body.

Dress Forms
 3. Texture
The surface quality of a fabric comprises its texture. It appeals strongly to the
sense of touch, whether it is coarse, fine, smooth, rough, wrinkled, sleek, glossy, slippery.
Textures are affected by weave, finishes, and the nature of the fibers and yarns used in
weaving. Textures as well as lines can create illusions, one must choose textures for
clothes that will harmonize with the over-all design.

Dresses showing different texture

Texture affects color. A soft wool will give a quite different effect from the gloss and sheen
of the satin in the evening dress.

Texture also affects the apparent size of the design. Bulky, rough fabrics tend to
increase the size of a design, whereas smooth fabrics decrease it.
A rough texture also dulls color, but a shiny, smooth texture intensifies the hue.
Textures used together in a design should be harmonious. Some contrast is desirable to
add interest, but too great a contrast creates disunity. A velvet skirt worn with a silk crepe
blouse combines textures consistent in purpose. The same velvet skirt worn with a cotton
seercucker blouse is unthinkable.

Pig skin shoes and gloves worn with a woolen suit create a pleasant costume.
Patent leather accessories with an embossed cotton summer dress make delightful
accents in a harmonious costume.

4. Shape
Clothes reveal or disguise the natural body contour or shape. Choosing the right
clothing shapes will make the person more flattering. Wide, full shapes clothes will make
you look larger while trim, compact dress will make you look smaller. Straight, tubular
shapes will make the wearer look taller while fitted clothes will reveal the natural body
contours.

Dresses showing shapes

 2. Color
Color is light, and light contains within itself all the sun’s rays, and when it is
broken into wavelengths of light, a sensation is produced, upon the retina of the eye which
is called color. The eye responds to color the same as the ear responds to music. One’s
reaction to color are both physiological and psychological. The varying properties of color
can, like skillful use of line and proportion, make a large object appear smaller, or a small
object seem larger. Some colors bring an object nearer, and others make it seem farther
away. Colors affect the emotions that is why sometimes you do not realize what has made
you cheerful, subdued or melancholy. Color is a powerful element in our life. It has
vibration, light and energy which affects us.

Use of Color in Clothes

1. Black, dark tones or deeply grayed colors tend to make the figure appear smaller
or slimmer than bright or light colors.
2. A plain color makes the figure look slimmer than a combination of contrasting
colors. A two-tone effect broken across the figure makes it look shorter and
broader. A lengthwise contrast helps to give an illusion of slenderness. Large
prints or plaids may make the figure appear large or heavier.
3. A very small figure should not wear over large designs in prints, plaids, or stripes;
the person with a large figure should avoid them as well as a too-dainty design.
This type should choose motifs that are moderate and avoid the conspicuous or
too sharply designed.
4. Contrast and accent should be done with care. A little accent, perhaps a touch of
red on many blue at the throat or shoulder is smarter than a repeated accent. If
you have a particular figure problem, such as large bust or hips, place your color
contrast in such a way that it draws away the eye and emphasize a good point.

The Color Wheel