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9 1 Blighs

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civilengineerassadullah
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19 views8 pages

9 1 Blighs

Uploaded by

civilengineerassadullah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Design of Irrigation Structures

Any hydraulic structure should be checked and designed for:

1. Hydrostatic pressure

2. Sub-soil flow conditions

3. Surface flow conditions


1. Hydrostatic pressure
p=wh

2. Sub-soil flow conditions

(i) Uplift pressure


◘ pressure exerted by seeping water tries to lift up the body of structure
◘ floor is ruptured – effective length is reduced

(ii) Piping / Undermining


◘ seeping water takes away the soil particles from the d/s end.
◘ erosion progress to u/s – forms a channel or pipe underneath.

3. Surface flow conditions


◘ for dynamic pressures
◘ two types of structures, viz.
(i) vertical drop type and
(ii) hydraulic jump type
Bligh’s Creep Theory -- For design of impervious floor considering
sub-surface flow
According to Bligh:
“percolating water creeps along the contact of the base profile of the weir with
sub-soil and looses head in proportion to creep resistance”.
Total Creep length = AB+BC+CD+………+HI
Creep length up to F
head loss upto F  H
Total creep length
Lf
or head loss upto F  H
L
Now
Uplift pressure at F = H – Head loss up to F
or
Lf
Uplift pressure upto F  H  H
L
 L 
 H 1  f 
 L
Above expression can be generalized as:

If H H.G.L

Hx = residual head at x = uplift pressure at x Hx

Then
X
Hx L  Lx
 Lx L-Lx
H L L

 L 
or H x  H1  x 
 L
Floor is safe against uplift if downward weight of the floor is equal to or greater
than uplift.

Piping occurs along the line of creep


H 1
It can be avoided if 
L C
H/L -- Average hydraulic gradient
C – Bligh’s constant

Material C
Very fine silt 18
Fine sand 15
Coarse sand 12
Gravel and sand 9
Boulders, gravel and sand 4 to 6

Vertical cutoffs are twice effective.

Sukker barrage is designed as per Bligh’s theory.


To Determine Thickness of Floor
At any point x, H H.G.L

Residual uplift pressure head = Hx Hx

Intensity of residual uplift pressure ↑ = w Hx


Total force due to uplift pressure on unit area X
= w Hx x 1 ↑ N Lx L-Lx
If t = thickness of floor L
S1 = specific gravity of the floor material and
w1 = specific weight of floor material
Then, specific weight of floor material under water = w1 –w
Therefore, net downward force of floor per unit area = (w1 - w) x t x 1 ↓
For safety w 1  w   t  1   wH x  1 
w1  w
or  t  Hx
w

or S1
 1  t  H x (S1 = w1/w)
Hx
or t 
S1  1

4 Hx
t
3 S1  1 (4/3 is factor of safety)
Example
For the barrage shown in figure, find out the thickness
of floor required at point F using Bligh’s theory.
RL = 55.0 m

RL = 48.0 m

A C D F G I
2m

RL = 42.0 m
B RL = 40.0 m
H

12 m 24 m
Example
For the barrage shown in figure, find out the thickness of floor required at
point F using Bligh’s theory.

Solution:
Total creep length, L = 2(6+3+8)+10+20 = 64 m
Creep length up to F, LF = 2(6+3)+10 = 28 m
Hydraulic gradient = H/L = 6/64 = 1/10.7 < 1/9
Therefore, structure will be safe on gravel and sand.
L   L   28 
Uplift pressure at F, H F  H -  F  H   H1  F   61    3.375 m
L   L   64 
4 HF 4 3.375
Thickness of floor at F, t F    3.63 m
3 S1  1 3 2.24  1

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