Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime

Transport College of Engineering & Technology

Department of Basic & Applied Sciences

Program Title: Navigation

Physics II (BA 112N) Sheets

 Introduction
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which of the following quantities is transferred during wave propagation?
(a) Speed
(b) Mass
(c) Matter
(d) Energy

2. Refer to the sound wave below, Numbers 1 and 2, respectively, correspond to---------------

(a) frequency and wavelength.

(b) wavelength and frequency.
(c) wavelength and amplitude.
(d) amplitude and wavelength.
3. The distance from one wave crest to the next wave crest is called
(a) Wavelength
(b) Amplitude
(c) Frequency
(d) Periodic time
4. The number of vibrations per unit time is called the
(a). wavelength.
(b). period.
(c). frequency
(d). node

5. The time for one vibration is called the

(a). wavelength.
(b). period.
(c). frequency
(d). amplitude
6. Unit of wavelength is --------------------
(a) Newton
(b) Erg
(c) Dyne
(d) Angstrom

1
7. SI Unit of time period is --------------------
(a) Second
(b) Hour
(c) Minute
(d) Nanosecond
8. If you double the frequency of a vibrating object, what happens to the period?
(a) the period doubles
(b) the period stays the same
(c) the period is cut in half
(d) not enough information is given to answer this question

9. The magnitude of the wave speed is given by

(a) frequency divided by the period
(b) period times the frequency
(c) frequency times wavelength
(d) wavelength times period
10. water waves are:
(a) pure transverse waves
(b) pure longitudinal waves
(c) both transverse and longitudinal
(d) None of the above
11. If a vibrator strikes the water 10 times in one second, then the frequency of wave is ------
(a) 10.0 Hz
(b) 0.5 Hz
(c) 5.0 Hz
(d) 0.1 Hz

12. A floating leaf oscillates up and down two complete cycles each second as a water wave passes
by. What is the wave's frequency?
(a) 2 Hz
(b) 1 Hz
(c) 6 Hz
(d) 0.5 Hz
13. When the amplitude of a wave is tripled, its frequency will
(a) decrease by a factor of 4.
(b) decrease by a factor of 2.
(c) stay the same.
(d) increase by a factor of 2.

14.The particles of the medium vibrate in longitudinal waves …

(a) perpendicular to the direction of the wave motion
(b) Along the direction of wave motion
(c) Opposite to the direction of the wave motion
(d) Do not vibrate at all

2
15. The particle of the medium vibrates in the transverse wave …
(a) At a right angle to the direction of wave motion
(b) Along the direction of wave motion
(c) Do not vibrate at all
(d) perpendicular to the direction of wave motion

16. The waves in which material medium is required for their propagation are known as
(a)Mechanical waves
(b)Electromagnetic waves
(c)All of these
(d)None of these

17. The rarefactions and Compressions are formed in

(a) Transverse waves
(b) Longitudinal waves
(c) All of these
(d) None of these

18. The amplitude of a wave is ---------------------

(a) The distance the wave moves in one second.
(b) The distance the wave moves in one-time period of the wave.
(c) The maximum distance moved by the medium particles on either side of the mean position.
(d) The distance equal to one wavelength.

19. If the transverse wave travel from south to north, the particles of the medium
(a) move from north to south, only.
(b) vibrate both north and south
(c) move from east to west, only.
(d) vibrate both east and west.

20. The main factor which effects the speed of a sound wave is the ____
(a) amplitude of the sound wave
(b) intensity of the sound wave
(c) loudness of the sound wave
(d) properties of the medium

21. As a wave travels into a medium in which its speed increases, its wavelength ____.
(a) decreases
(b) increases
(c) remains the same
(d) None of these

22. As a wave passes across a boundary into a new medium, which characteristic of the wave
would NOT change?
(a) speed
(b) frequency
(c) wavelength
(d) None of these

3
 Sheet (1) Superposition of Sinusoidal Waves
1. Two waves are travelling in the same direction along a stretched string. The waves are 90 out
of phase. Each wave has amplitude of 4cm.Find the amplitude of the resultant wave.

2. Two harmonic waves are described by:

[ ( )] [ ( )]
where in meters and t in seconds
a) What is the amplitude of the resultant wave?
b) What is the frequency of the resultant wave?
c) What is the wavelength of the resultant wave?

3. Two harmonic waves are described by

( ) ( )
where in meters and t in seconds
Find an expression for the displacement y produced when there are two waves present with
displacements:

4. Two harmonic waves are described by:

[ ( )] [ ( )]
where , y1 and y2 are in meters and t in seconds.
a) What is the amplitude of the resultant wave when (ϕ )?
b) For what value of ɸ will the amplitude of the resultant wave have its maximum value?

5. Two harmonic waves are described by:

( ) ( )
where x in meters and t in seconds
a) What is the amplitude of the resultant wave?
b) What is the frequency of the resultant wave?
c) What is the wavelength of the resultant wave?

6. The resultant wave is described by:

( ) ( )
where x in meters and t in seconds
a) What is the amplitude of the resultant wave?
b) What is the frequency of the resultant wave?
c) What is the wavelength of the resultant wave?
d) For what value of ɸ will the amplitude of the resultant wave have its minimum value?

4
 Sheet (2) Standing Waves
1. Two waves travelling in opposite directions produce a standing wave and their equations are
given by:
( ) ( )
a) Determine the maximum displacement at x = 2.3 m.
b) Find positions of nodes and antinodes.

2. Two harmonic waves are described by:

[ ( )] [ ( )]
where x in Centimeters and t in seconds
a) Determine the maximum displacement at x = 0.25 cm, 0.5 cm and 1.5 cm.
b) Find the three smallest values of x corresponding to antinodes.

3. Two waves in a long string are given by:

( ) ( )
where x, y1, and y2 are in meters and 𝒕 in seconds.
a) Determine an expression for the displacement y of the resulting standing wave.
b) Determine the positions of nodes and antinodes of the resulting standing wave.
c) What is the maximum displacement at the position 𝒙 = 0.4 m?

4. The resultant wave is described by:

( ) ( )
where in meters and t in seconds
e) What is the amplitude of the resultant wave at the position 𝒙 = 0.4 m?
f) What is the frequency of the resultant wave?
g) What is the wavelength of the resultant wave?

Standing Waves in a String Fixed at Both Ends

5. A string (50 cm) long has a mass per unit length of (20× 10 -5 kg/m). To what tension should this
string be stretched if its fundamental frequency is to be 20 Hz?

6. Find the fundamental frequency and the next three frequencies that could cause a standing wave
on a string that is (30 m) long, and has a mass per unit length of (9×10-3 kg/m),and is stretched
to a tension of 20 N.

7. Standing waves is established in a 120 cm long string vibrates in fourth harmonic when driven at
120 Hz.
a) Determine the wavelength?
b) What is the fundamental frequency?

5
8. The string at the right is 5.0 meters long and is vibrating as the fourth harmonic. The string
vibrates up and down with 48 complete vibrational cycles in 20 seconds. Determine the frequency,
period, wavelength and speed for this wave.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Fully constructive interference between two sinusoidal waves of the same frequency occurs
only if they:
a) travel in opposite directions and are in phase
b) travel in opposite directions and are 180◦ out of phase
c) travel in the same direction and are in phase
d) travel in the same direction and are 180◦ out of phase

2. Fully destructive interference between two sinusoidal waves of the same frequency and
amplitude occurs only if they:
a) travel in opposite directions and are in phase
b) travel in opposite directions and are 180◦ out of phase
c) travel in the same direction and are in phase
d) travel in the same direction and are 180◦ out of phase

3. ____________is when two waves that are the same place and cancel each other out.
(a) constructive interference
(b) destructive interference
(c) polarization
(d) the Doppler effect.

4. Standing waves are

(a) a result of the superposition of two traveling waves.
(b) only occur when the system is at certain temperatures.
(c) move with a speed equal to the speed of sound.
(d) can only occur in vibrating strings.

5. As you decrease the tension on a string, the pitch it makes:

a. stays the same
b. increases
c. decreases
d. not enough information to tell

6. The first harmonic of a guitar string has ______nodes.

(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4

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7. If a guitar string has a fundamental frequency of 500 Hz, what is the frequency of its
second harmonic?
(a) 250 Hz
(b) 750 Hz
(c) 1000 Hz
(d) 2000 Hz

8. If λ is the wavelength of each of the component sinusoidal traveling waves that form a
standing wave, the distance between adjacent nodes in the standing wave is:
a) λ/4
b) λ/2
c) 3λ/4
d) λ

9. A standing wave pattern is established in a string as shown. The wavelength of one of the
component traveling waves is:

a) 0.5 m
b) 1m
c) 2m
d) 4m

10. Standing waves are produced by the interference of two traveling sinusoidal waves, each
of frequency 100 Hz. The distance from the second node to the fifth node is 60 cm. The
wavelength of each of the two original waves is:
a) 50 cm
b) 40 cm
c) 30 cm
d) 20 cm

11. Two sinusoidal waves, each of wavelength 5m and amplitude 10 cm, travel in opposite
directions on a 20-m long stretched string that is clamped at each end. how many nodes
appear in the resulting standing wave?
a) 3
b) 4
c) 9
d) 8

12. A string, clamped at its ends, vibrates in three segments. The string is 100 cm long. The
wavelength is:
a) 33.3 cm
b) 66.7 cm
c) 150 cm
d) 300 cm

7
13. A stretched string, clamped at its ends, vibrates in its fundamental frequency. To double
the fundamental frequency, one can change the string tension by a factor of:
a) 2
b) 4
c) √2
d) 1/2

14. The distance between the nearest node and antinode in a stationary wave is
a) λ/2
b) λ/4
c) 1
d) 0

8
 Sheet (3) Speed of Sound Waves

1. Find the speed of sound in mercury, which has a bulk modulus of about 2.8×1010 N/m2 and a
density of 13600 kg/m3.

2. If the density of aluminum is 2.7× 103 kg/m3 and that the speed of sound in aluminum is 5100
m/s, calculate Young's modulus for this material.

3. If a solid bar is struck at one end with a hammer, a longitudinal pulse will propagate down the
bar with a speed v· Find the speed of sound in aluminum bar.
[Y = 7 ×1010 N/m2, = 2.7× 103 kg/m3]

4. Find the wavelength of sound wave in water at frequency of 1000 Hz, which has a bulk
modulus of about 2×l09 N/m2 and density of about 103 kg/m3

5. A sound wave propagates in air at 27 ᵒC with frequency 4 kHz. It passes through a region
where the temperature gradually changes and then moves through air at 0 ᵒC. Give a reasonable
explanation with numerical answer to explain what happen to the speed of sound wave? the
frequency and the wavelength.

6. The density of Acetone is 792 kg/m3, its bulk modulus has a temperature dependence given by
the relation (B = - 6×l06 T + 9.02×108) where B is in N/m2 and T is the temperature in Celsius.
What is the speed of sound in acetone at 200 C?

7. The speed of sound through air (in m/s) is given by the following function of temperature (v
=331.5 + 0.607 T) where T is the temperature in Celsius. Find the speed of sound in air at
temperature of 0, 20, 300 C if the density of the air is 1.3 kg/m3. Calculate the bulk modulus of
air at 0, 20 300 C.

9
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Sound waves are -------------------
(a) Longitudinal
(b) Transverse
(c) Partly longitudinal and partly transverse
(d) Sometimes longitudinal and sometimes transverse
2. Sound waves do not travel through --------------------
(a) Solids
(b) Liquids
(c) Gases
(d) Vacuum

3. Which of the following is not a medium which will transmit sound?

(a) solids
(b) liquids
(c) gasses
(d) vacuum
4. At points in a sound wave where the gas is maximally compressed, the pressure
(a) is a maximum
(b) is a minimum
(c) is equal to the ambient value
(d) is greater than the ambient value but less than the maximum

5. The speed of a sound wave is determined by:

(a) its amplitude
(b) its pitch
(c) number of harmonics present
(d) the transmitting medium
6. The speed of sound in medium depends upon
(a) Amplitude
(b) Frequency
(c) Wavelength
(d) properties of the medium

7. Of the following properties of a wave, the one that depends only on the type of medium is
(a) amplitude
(b) wave speed
(c) wavelength
(d) frequency

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8. Frequencies of sound that are too high for the human ear to hear are called
(a) supersonic
(b) infrasonic
(c) ultrasonic
(d) subsonic

9. About what frequency range can the average human hear?

(a) 2Hz to 200Hz
(b) 200Hz to 2000Hz
(c) 20Hz to 20,000Hz
(d) 200Hz to 200,000Hz

10, Above what frequency is ultrasound?

(a) 20Hz
(b) 2000Hz
(c) 20,000Hz
(d) 200,000Hz

11. When a sound wave passes from air into water, which of the following does not change?
(a) speed
(b) frequency
(c) wavelength
(d) none of the above
12. A skipper on a boat notices wave crests passing the anchor chain every 5 s. The skipper
estimates the distance between crests is 15 m. What is the speed of the water waves?
(a) 3 m/s
(b) 15 m/s
(c) 5 m/s
(d) not enough information given
13. You are standing in the ocean near the beach. You measure the waves to see that they
have a frequency of 0.5 Hz. You estimate that the wavelength of the waves is 4 m. What is
the speed of the waves (in m/s)?
(a) 4.5
(b) 3.5
(c) 2
(d) 8
14. A sound source sends waves of 400 Hz. It produces waves of wavelength 2.5 m. The
velocity of sound waves is
(a) 300 m/s
(b) 1000 m/s
(c) 10000 m/s
(d) 100000 m/s

11
15. If the speed of sound in soft tissue is around 1540 m/s, and the frequency of the sound is 3
MHz then the wavelength is:
(a) 5.1 m
(b) 0.51 mm
(c) 19.5 cm
(d) 0.19 mm
(e) 45 mm
16. A sound wave has a wavelength of 3 m. The distance from a compression center to the
adjacent rarefaction center is:
(a) 0.75m
(b) 1.5m
(c) 3.0m
(d) need to know wave speed
(e) need to know frequency

17. A fire whistle emits a tone of 170 Hz. Take the speed of sound in air to be 340 m/s. The
wavelength of this sound is about:
(a) 0.5 m
(b) 1 m
(c) 2 m
(d) 3 m
(e) 340 m

18. The speed of sound is about 340m/s. If someone fires a gun near a cliff and hears an echo
4 sec later then the cliff is about
(a) 170 meters away.
(b) 340 meters away.
(c) 680 meters away.
(d) 3400 meters away.
(e) 6800 meters away.

19. Which state of matter do sounds travel fastest in?

(a) Solid
(b) Liquid
(c) Gas
(d) none of the above

12
 Sheet (4) Harmonic Sound Waves

1. Calculate the pressure amplitude of a 2000 Hz sound wave in air if the displacement amplitude
is equal to 2 × 10-8 m.

2. A sound wave in air has pressure amplitude equal to 4×l0 -3 N/m2. Calculate the displacement
amplitude of the wave at frequency of 10 KHz.

3. The pressure amplitude corresponding to the threshold of hearing is 2.9×10 -5 N/m2. At what
frequency will a sound wave in air have this pressure amplitude if the displacement amplitude
is 2.8×10-10 m?

4. Calculate wavelength of the sound wave in air that has a displacement amplitude of 5.5 x
-6
10 m and The pressure amplitude is to be limited to 0.840 Pa

5. A sound wave in air has a pressure amplitude of 4 N/m 2 and a frequency of 5000 Hz. ΔP=0 at
the point x = 0 when t = 0.
a. What is ΔP at the point x = 0 m when t= 2 × l0-4 sec.
b. What is ΔP at the point x = 0.02 m when t = 0 sec.

6. A harmonic sound wave can be described in the displacement mode by:

S (x,t) = (2µm) cos [15.7 x - 858 t]
a. Find the amplitude, wavelength, frequency, periodic time and speed of this wave.
b. Determine the instantaneous displacement of the molecules at the position x = 0.05 m at t =
3 msec.
c. What is the pressure variation at x = 0 when t =π /2ω? (Take ϼ = 900 kg/m3).

7. A harmonic sound wave can be described in the displacement mode by:

S (x,t) = (2m) cos [5 x - π t]
Find (a) the amplitude of the pressure variations, (b) the frequency, (c) the wavelength in air, (d)
the speed of the sound wave, and (e) periodic time of this wave

8. As a certain sound wave travels through the air, it produces pressure variations (above and
below atmospheric pressure) given by
ΔP=1.27 sin (π x - 340 πt)
Find (a) the amplitude of the pressure variations, (b) the frequency, (c) the wavelength in air,
(d) the speed of the sound wave, and (e) periodic time of this wave

9. Write an expression that describes the pressure variation as a function of position and time for
a sinusoidal wave in air if λ= 0.1m and ΔPm = 0.2 Pa.

13
10. The variation in the pressure of helium gas, measured from its equilibrium value, is given by
ΔP = 2.9 x 10-5 sin (6.20x - 3 000t)
where x and t P is measured in N/m2. Find (a) the amplitude of the
pressure variations, (b) the frequency, (c) the wavelength in air, (d) the speed of the sound
wave, and (e) periodic time of this wave

[Hint: For air; speed of sound= 343 m/s, and the density = 1.29 kg/m3]

14
 Sheet (5) Intensity of Periodic Sound Waves

1. Determine the intensity (in W/m2) of a harmonic longitudinal wave with a pressure amplitude
of 8 x10-3 N/m2 propagating down a tube filled with helium. (ϼ = 0.179 kg/m3, v = 972 m/s.)

2. Determine the sound level (in dB) of a sound wave with a pressure amplitude of 9×10-5 N/m2
[Io= 10-12 W/m2]

3. Calculate the sound level in dB of a sound wave that has an intensity of 4 µW/m 2. [ Io= 10-12
W/m2]

4. A vacuum cleaner has a measured sound level of 70 dB. What is the intensity of this sound in
W/m2?

5. Calculate the pressure amplitude and maximum displacement corresponding to a sound level of
120 dB of 1000 Hz.

6. Calculate maximum displacement corresponding to sound wave that has an intensity of 4

µW/m2 and frequency of 2000 Hz.

7. The faintest sounds the human ear can detect at a frequency of 1000 Hz corresponding to an
intensity of about 10-12 W/m2 (the so-called threshold of hearing). Likewise, the loudest sound
that the ear can tolerate corresponds to an intensity of about 1 W/m 2 (The threshold of pain).
Determine the pressure amplitudes and maximum displacements associated with these two
limits.

8. The intensity of a sound wave at a fixed distance from a speaker vibrating at 1000 Hz is 0.6
W/m2?
a. Determine the intensity if the frequency is increased to 2500 Hz, while a constant
displacement amplitude is maintained.
b. Calculate the intensity if the frequency is reduced to 500 Hz and the displacement amplitude
is doubled.

[Hint: For air; speed of sound= 343 m/s, and the density = 1.29 kg/m3]

15
 Sheet (6) Spherical Waves
1. An experimental requires a sound intensity of 1.2 W/m 2 at distance of 4 m from a speaker,
what power output is required?

2. A source emits sound waves with a power output of 80 W. Assume the source is a point
source.
a. Find the intensity at a distance 3 m from the source.
b. Find the distance at which the sound reduces to a level of 40 dB.

3. A source of sound (1000 Hz) emits uniformly in all directions. An observer 3 m from the
source measures a sound level of 40 dB. Calculate the average power output of the source.

4. The sound intensity at a distance of 16 m from a noisy generator is measured to be 0.25 W/m 2.
What is the sound intensity at a distance of 28 m from the generator?

5. The sound level at distance of 3m from a source is 120 dB.

At what distance will the sound level be:
a. 100 dB and
b. 10 dB?

6. Two small speakers emit sound waves of different frequencies equally in all directions.
Speaker A has an output of 1.00 mW, and speaker B has an output of 1.50 mW. Determine the
sound level (in decibels) at point C in Figure P17.32 assuming (a) only speaker A emits sound,
(b) only speaker B emits sound, and (c) both speakers emit sound.

7. A rock group is playing in a studio. Sound

emerging from an open door spreads uniformly in all directions. If the sound level of the music
is 80 dB at a distance of 5 m from the door, at what distance is the music just barely audible to
a person with a normal threshold of hearing (0 dB)?

[Hint: I0 = 10-12 W/m2 ]

16
Multiple Choice Questions
1. What is sound intensity?
(a) Intensity is the energy per unit area carried by a wave.
(b) Intensity is the energy per unit volume carried by a wave.
(c) Intensity is the power per unit area carried by a wave.
(d) Intensity is the power per unit volume carried by a wave.

2. How is power defined with reference to a sound wave?

(a) Power is the rate at which energy is transferred by a sound wave.
(b)Power is the rate at which mass is transferred by a sound wave.
(c) Power is the rate at which amplitude of a sound wave changes.
(d)Power is the rate at which wavelength of a sound wave changes.

3.What word or phrase is used to describe the loudness of sound?

(a) frequency or oscillation
(b)intensity level or decibel
(c) timbre
(d)pitch

4. What is the unit of measure for the loudness of a sound?

(a) Amps
(b) Decibels
(c) Hertz
(d) Meters
5. Which of the following represents the loudest sound?
(a) 262 Hz and 120 dB
(b) 330 Hz and 100 dB
(c) 415 Hz and 50 dB
(d) 440 Hz and 20 dB

6. What is the decibel level of a sound that has an intensity of 1.0 W/m², if the threshold of
hearing is 1x10-12 W/m²?
(a) 0 dB
(b) 70 dB
(c) 120 dB
(d) 140 dB
7. The intensity of a sound at any distance from the source is directly proportional to the
sound's
(a) wavelength
(b) pitch
(c) power
(d) frequency

17
8. When the distance from a sound source is doubled the intensity changes by a factor of -------
(a) 2
(b) 4
(c) 0.5
(d) 1/4
9. At a distance of 3 m, the intensity of a sound will be ____ the intensity it was at a distance of
1m.
(a) one-ninth
(b) 9 times
(c) one-third
(d) 3 times

10. Calculate the intensity of a wave if the power transferred is 10 W and the area through
which the wave is transferred is 5 square meters.
(a) 200 W / m2
(b) 50 W / m2
(c) 0.5 W / m2
(d) 2 W / m2

18
 Sheet (7) The Doppler Effect

1. A train moving at a speed of (40 m/s) sounds its whistle, which has a frequency of (500 Hz).
Determine the frequencies heard by a stationary observer as the train approaches and then
recede (away) from the observer.

2. An ambulance travels down a highway at a speed of (33.5 m/s). Its siren emits sound at a
frequency of (400 Hz). What is the frequency heard by a passenger in a car travelling at 24.6
m/s in the opposite direction as the car approaches the ambulance and as the car moves away
from the ambulance?

3. A commuter train passes a passenger platform at a constant speed of (40 m/s). The train ham is
sounded at a frequency of (320 Hz).
a. What frequency does a person on the platform observe as the train passes?
b. What frequency does a person on the platform observe as the train approaches?

4. A train is moving parallel to a highway with a constant speed of (20 m/s). A car is travelling in
the same direction as the train with a speed of (40 m/s). The car horn sounds at a frequency of
(510 Hz). And the train whistles sound at a frequency of (320 Hz).
a. When the car is behind the train what frequency does a man in the car observe for the train
whistle?
b. When the car is in front of the train what frequency does a train passenger observe for the
car horn?

5. A fire engine moving to the right at 40 m/s sounds its horn (frequency 500 Hz) at two vehicles.
The car is moving to the right at 30 m/s, while the van is at rest.
a. What frequency is heard by the passengers in the car?
b. What is the frequency as heard by the passengers in the van?

6. A submarine (sub-A) travels through water at a speed of 8.00 m/s, emitting a sonar wave at a
frequency of 1 400 Hz. The speed of sound in the water is 1 533 m/s. A second submarine (sub-
B) is located such that both submarines are traveling directly toward each other. The second
submarine is moving at 9.00 m/s.
a. What frequency is detected by an observer riding on sub-B as the subs approach each other?
b. The subs barely miss each other and pass. What frequency is detected by an observer riding
on sub-B as the subs recede from each other?

7. A sound source moving at a constant speed of 240 m/s towards a detector, emits sound at a
constant frequency. The detector records a frequency of 5100 Hz. Calculate the wavelength of
the sound emitted by the source.

19
8. Suppose you are standing by a railway. You record the train whistle at 554 Hz when the train is
approaching you, and 356 Hz when the train is moving away from you. How fast does the train
move? (Take the speed of sound in air to be v=340 m/s).

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The Doppler Effect occurs with
(a) only sound waves.
(b) only transverse waves.
(c) only water waves.
(d) all waves.
2. A loudspeaker is creating a single frequency sound. If a person moves away from the
speaker and then stops, the frequency of the sound is
(a) The same as when the person was closer to the speaker.
(b) Higher than when the person was closer to the speaker.
(c) Lower than when the person was closer to the speaker.
(d) none of the above
3. When a police car comes towards you, the sound of the siren will become_________
a. high pitched
b. lower pitched
c. polarized.
d. there is not enough information to tell.

4. When a police car moves away from you, the sound of the siren will become
a. high pitched
b. lower pitched
c. polarized.
d. there is not enough information to tell.
5. A train moves down the track toward an observer. The sound from the train, as heard by
the observer, is ____ the sound heard by a passenger on the train.
(a) a different timbre than
(b) higher in pitch than
(c) lower in pitch than
(d) the same as
6. Suppose that a train whistle at rest has a frequency of 3000 Hz. If you are standing still and
observe the frequency to be 3010 Hz (higher), you can conclude that
(a) the train is moving away from you.
(b) the train is moving toward you
(c) the sound from the whistle has echoed
(d) not enough information is given

20
7. A train is moving away from you at a speed of 50.0m/s. If you are standing still and hear the
whistle at a frequency of 305Hz, what is the actual frequency of the produced whistle?
(Assume speed of sound to be 331m/s.)
(a) 259Hz
(b) 205Hz
(c)405Hz
(d) 351Hz

8. Two trains A and B approach a station from opposite sides, sounding their whistles. A
stationary observer on the platform hears no beats. If the velocities of A and B are 15 m/s and
30 m/s respectively and the real frequency of the whistle of B is 600 Hz, the real frequency of
the whistle of A is (Velocity of sound = 330m/s)
(a) 660 Hz
(b) 630 Hz
(c) 600 Hz
(d) 570 Hz
(e) 540 Hz

9. A girl moves away from a source of sound at a constant speed. Compared to the frequency
of the sound wave produced by the source, the frequency of the sound wave heard by the girl
is
(a) lower.
(b) higher.
(c) the same.
(d) None of these

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 Sheet (8) Light (Nature, Reflection, Refraction)

1. Find the speed of light in water (nwater = 1.3) and in glass (nglass = 1.6)?

2. Light of wavelength 589 nm in vacuum passes through a piece of silica (n silica =1.458)
a) What is the speed of light in silica?
b) What is the wavelength of this light in Silica?
c) Find the frequency of the light

3. A beam of light of wavelength 500 nm travelling in air is incident on a slab of transparent

material. The incident beam makes an angle of 40° with the normal; and the refracted beam
makes an angle of 26° with the normal. Find the index of refraction of the material.

4. Find the critical angle for water-air boundaries, the index of refraction of water is (n water =
1.33).

5. The wavelength of red helium-neon laser light in air is 632.8 nm.

a) What is its frequency?
b) What is its wavelength in glass of index of refraction 1.5?
c) What is its speed in glass?

6. A light of wavelength 589 nm travelling through air is incident on a smooth, flat slab of crown
glass (nglass = 1.64) at an angle of 30° to the normal. Find the angle of refraction?

7. A narrow beam of sodium yellow light is incident from air on a surface of water at an angle
350. Determine the angle of refraction and the speed of the light in water. (Take n water = 1.33)

8. A ray of light strikes a flat block of glass (n glass =1.5) of thickness 2 cm at angle 30o with the
normal as shown. Find the angle of incidence and refraction at each surface? (nair=1)

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9. Figure shows a refracted light beam in linseed oil making an angle of f Ф= 20.0° with the
normal line NN'. The index of refraction of air, linseed oil, and water is 1, 1.48, and 1.33,
respectively. Determine the angles (a) θ and (b) θ'.

[Hint: For air; Speed of light vair = 3 × 108 m/s and refraction index nair = 1]

Multiple Choice Questions

1. All light is part of the ---------------- spectrum.
(a) photovoltaic
(b) radioactive
(c) visible
(d) electromagnetic
2. During a thunderstorm, you see lightning before you hear the thunder because ------------
(a) thunder occurs after the lightning
(b) the thunder is farther away than the lightning
(c) light travels faster than sound
(d) sound travels faster than light
3. Which of the following is a property of light waves, but not of sound waves?
(a) Amplitude.
(b) wavelength.
(c) polarization.
(d) frequency.

4. When light reflects from a surface, there is a change in its

(a) wavelength.
(b) frequency.
(c) speed.
(d) all of these
(e) none of these

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5. A person standing waist deep in a swimming pool appears to be have short legs because of
light?
(a) diffraction.
(b) refraction.
(c) reflection.
(d) interference.

6. The relation n1 sin θ1 = n2 sin θ2, which applies as a ray of light strikes an interface
between two media, is known as:
(a) Gauss’ law
(b) Snell’s law
(c) Faraday’s
(d) None of these

7. As used in the laws of reflection and refraction, the “normal” direction is

(a) any convenient direction
(b) along the incident ray
(c) perpendicular to the electric field vector of the light
(d) perpendicular to the interface

8. When an electromagnetic wave meets a reflecting surface, the direction taken by the
reflected wave is determined by
(a) the material of the reflecting surface
(b) the angle of incidence
(c) the index of the medium
(d) the intensity of the wave
9. The index of refraction of a substance is
(a) the speed of light in the substance
(b) the angle of refraction
(c) the angle of incidence
(d) the speed of light in vacuum divided by the speed of light in the substance

10. The units of index of refraction are

(a) m/s
(b) s/m
(c) m/s²
(d) none of these

11. As light goes from one medium to another, it is bent away from the normal. Then:
(a) the speed of the light has increased
(b) dispersion must occur
(c) the second medium has a higher index of refraction than the first
(d) no change in speed has occurred

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12. What travels faster than light?
(a) microwaves
(b) nothing
(c) sound
(d) air

13. What type of particles make up light?

(a) air
(b) atoms
(c) molecules
(d) photons
14. The "index of refraction" measures:
(a) the frequency of light
(b) the speed of light
(c) the period of light
(d) density of the glass
15. If the index of refraction (n) for diamond is 2.417, what is the speed of light inside a
diamond?
(a) 4.0 x 106 m/s
(b) 5.3 x 107 m/s
(c) 1.2 x 108 m/s
(d) 6.3 x 109 m/s
16. What is the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave that has a frequency of 3 kHz?
(a) more than 1 km
(b) less than 1 km
(c) 1 km
(d) none of the above
17. Radio waves travel at the speed of light. For 300 MHz radio waves, the wavelength is…
(a) 1 meter
(b) 1000 meters
(c) 1,000,000 meters
(d) 1/1000 meters

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 Sheet (9) Magnetism
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The vertical component of earth’s magnetic field is zero at
a) Equator
b) Magnetic Poles
c) Geographic Poles
d) Everywhere

2. The horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field is maximum at

a) Equator
b) Magnetic Poles
c) Geographic Poles
d) Everywhere

3. The SI unit of the magnetic field density is

a) G
b) A/m
c) Am
d) T

4. Which of these are vector quantities?

a) Mass
b) Magnetic field
c) Electric potential
d) None of these

5. Like poles of a magnet _____________ each other.

a) Pull
b) Attract
c) Repel
d) Grab

6. In a bar magnet, the magnetic field lines

a) Go from S-pole to N-pole
b) Not present
c) Go from N-pole to S-pole
d) None of these

7. The magnetic declination at higher latitudes

a) Smaller
b) Higher
c) Equal
d) zero

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8. The dip angle at the equator equal
a) 1800
b) 600
c) 900
d) Zero

9. The angle between the true north and the magnetic north called
a) Dip angle
b) Declination angle
c) Inclination angle
d) None of these

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