1

evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  81

evsjv cÖ_g cÎ
XvKv †evW©Ñ2024 †mU : K
evsjv cÖ_g cÎ (eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶v) welq †KvW : 1 0 1
mgq : 30 wgwbU [2024 mv‡ji wm‡jevm Abyhvqx] c–Y©gvb : 30
[we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶vi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg–n n‡Z mwVK/m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU Kv‡jv Kvwji
ej c‡q›U Kjg Øviv m¤•–Y© fivU K‡iv| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb- 1|] cÖkœc‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|
1. wcRiv‡cv‡ji Avmvwgi b¨vq †KvbwU? 17. †Kvb †kÖwYi bvUK `k©K ü`‡q fq I Ki“Yv cÖkwgZ K‡i Ki“Y i‡mi Avb›`
E wU‡bi euvwk F Kv‡Vi †Nvov G bvUvdj H LvcivMywj m„wó K‡i?
2. Awkw¶Z `vwi`ª gvbyl me mgq RxebwPš@vi wbM‡o ew›` _v‡K| GLv‡b RxebwPš@v E K‡gwW F Uª¨v‡RwW G cÖnmb H b„Z¨bvU¨
K_vwUi mv‡_ Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb K_vwUi wgj i‡q‡Q?  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 18 I 19 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
E gyw³i wPš@v F wk¶vwPš@v G A_©wPš@v H e¯¿wPš@v Zvwgg mv‡ne wek¦we`¨vj‡qi GKRb Aa¨vcK| KweZv PP©v Zvi †bkv|
3. Zv‡Z KZ †cÖg, KZ Avb›`, KZ †mŠ›`h©, KZ ZË¡Ávb IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e ivRbxwZ bv Ki‡jI †kl ch©š@ wZwb gyw³hy‡× †hvM w`‡q‡Qb|
Rwo‡q Av‡Q Ñ Kx‡m? 18. DÏxc‡K Zvwgg ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvq hv‡`i cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡iÑ
E cwjÐMvb F Qov G cÖ ev`-cÖ ePb H Lbvi ePb E wkíx-eyw×Rxex F K…lK-kÖwgK
4. Ônidb-†gŠjvÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?  G QvÎ-RbZv H †R‡j-gvwS
E mKj KvR cÊKvix F †gŠjv mKj Kv‡Ri I¯@v` 19. cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix Pwi‡Î dz‡U I‡VÑ
 G mKj Kv‡R `vjvwj H mKj Kv‡Ri KvwR i. RvZxqZv‡eva ii. ¯^vwaKvi †PZbv iii. †`kvZ¡‡eva
5. ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq †KvbwU‡K AKj¨vY ejv n‡q‡Q? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
E ev`yo F ûZzg G KvbvKz‡qv H †RvbvwK E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii
6. ÔMYm–‡h©i gÂÕ ej‡Z †Kgb g †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 20. Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Ü ewY©Z †Kvb NUbv gnvbwei ivR‰bwZK
E wecÐex F DÏxß G Av‡jvwKZ H Av‡jvwPZ `–i`wk©Zvi cwiPvqK?
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 7 Ges 8bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : E wnRiZ F g°v weRq
Aemv‡` Nyg †b‡g G‡j  G û`vqweqvi mwÜ H AÜe¨w³i cÖwZ AvPiY
Avevi †`‡LwQ †mB wSwKwgwK keix wZZvm 21. evOvwji nv‡Z Kx D‡V‡Q?
Kx Mfxi Rjaviv Qov‡jv ü`‡q Avgvi| E †MÖ‡bW F Kv‡¯@ G KvZz©R H jvwV
7. DÏxc‡K ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q?  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 22 I 23 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
E b`xi cÖwZ AbyivM F ¯^‡`k‡cÖg wn›`y-gymwjg-†eŠ×-L„÷vb
 G ¯§„wZKvZiZv H b`xi cÖwZ wgbwZ †`k gvZv GK mK‡jiÑ
8. dz‡U DVv w`KwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q †h Pi‡YÑ 22. D×…Zvs‡k Ôcqjv ˆekvLÕ cÖe‡Üi †h w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡QÑ
i. mZZ †Zvgvi K_v fvwe G wei‡j ii. RyovB G Kvb Avwg åvwš@i Qj‡b i. Amv¤•Ö`vwqK †PZbv ii. ag©wbi‡c¶ †PZbv iii. HwZn¨ †PZbv
iii. eû †`‡k †`wLqvwQ eû b` `‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii
E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii 23. D³ cÖwZdwjZ w`KwUi mv‡_ wb‡Pi †Kvb evK¨wUi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q?
9. gvby‡ li gb‡K mij, mPj, mivM I mg„× Kivi fvi Kx‡mi Ici b¨¯@ n‡q‡Q? E bee‡l©i HwZn¨ mycÖvPxb F beel© evOvwji me©‡kÖô Drme
E mvwn‡Z¨i F wk¶vi G Áv‡bi H weÁv‡bi  G cqjv ˆekvL GKwU mve© Rbxb Drme H bee‡l© i BwZnvm †MŠiegwÊZ
10. ggZvw`i wbtms‡KvP Av‡e`b ej‡Z †Kvb Av‡e`b‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 24. ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvq Kwei Mv‡q Kx †j‡M Av‡Q?
E Ø›Øgy³ F wØavgy³ G ms‡KvPnxb H mij E wkwki F av‡bi gÄix G Rwg‡bi dz j H gvwUi my evm
11. Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvwU †Kvb kZ‡K iwPZ? 25. eyav ivRvKvi KgvÛv‡ii evwo‡Z AvMyb †`q †Kb?
E †lvok F mß`k G Aó`k H Ebwesk E cÖwZwnsmvq F cÖwZ‡kva wb‡Z
 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 12 I 13bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :  G e¨w³ ¯^v‡_© H dzjKwj‡K euvPv‡Z
Avgiv kw³, Avgiv ej/Avgiv QvÎ`j 26. ag©xq Kzms¯‹vi I mvgvwRK AwePv‡ii wei“‡ × cÖwZev‡`i cÖZxKx PwiÎ †KvbwU?
†gv‡`i cv‡qi Zjvq gy‡Q© Zzdvb/E‡aŸ© wegvb So-ev`j E ewncxi F nv‡Zg G nv‡kg H nwKKzjÐvn&
12. DÏxc‡Ki fvewU †Kvb KweZvi m‡½ mv`„k¨c–Y©? 27. ¶zw`ivg‡K †Kb duvwm †`Iqv nq?
E gvbyl F Avgvi cwiPq G ivbvi H Rxeb-m½xZ  E mgvRwe‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi Rb¨ F PÆMÖv‡gi ¯^v axbZvi †NvlYvi Rb¨ 
13. D³ KweZvi g–j cÖwZcv`¨ welq n‡jvÑ  G bxj we‡`ª v‡n RwoZ _vKvi Rb¨ H weª w Ukwe‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi Rb¨ 
i. msMÖvg K‡i wU‡K _vKv ii. mbœ¨vmx nIqv iii. Rxebmvabv Kiv 28. ivbv‡ii `ytL †Kej Rvb‡e c‡_iÑ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? E †jvK F Z…Y G ayjv H e„¶
E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii 29. eyav †evjZvi WvK‡K Kx‡mi m‡½ Zzjbv K‡i?
14. ivB‡dj Kuv‡a e‡b-R½‡j Ny‡i †eov‡bv †mB gyw³‡hv×v †K? E Kzwš@i gayi ePb F Avnv` gyÝxi ûsKvi
E †ZwR Zi“Y F mvnmx †R‡j G †Rvqvb K… lK H `¶ gvwS  G PvwPi Kɯ^i H gvBb we‡ùvi‡Yi kã
15. eyav ey‡Ki †fZi Kx a‡i †i‡L‡Q? 30. ingvb mv‡ne mš@v‡bi †jLvcovi LiP wb‡q wech©¯@| ZvB wek¦¯@ wbKU
E cÖwZ‡kva F †`k‡cÖg G gyw³hy× H AvÍwek¦vm AvÍx‡qi Kv‡Q UvKv avi Pvq| †mLv‡b wbivk n‡j †m `ywðš@vMÖ¯@ nq|
16. Ômvevk †g‡q ZzwgÕ †Lv‡`Rv Zv‡niv‡K G K_vwU †Kb e‡j‡Q? DÏxc‡K `ywðš@vi KviY ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb evK¨wUi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c–Y©?
E Ni †Q‡o cvwj‡qwQj e‡j F ewncx‡ii ¯¿x n‡Z †c‡i‡Q e‡j E ewncx‡ii Zv‡niv‡K bv cvIqv F nv‡Zg Avwji UvKv avi bv cvIqv
 G AvÍnZ¨v Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj e‡j H wec‡` c‡oI †f‡O c‡owb e‡j  G nv‡kg Avwji †cÖ m e¨emv bv nIqv H nv‡Zg Avwji Rwg`vwi wbjv‡g IVv

 Lvwj NiMy‡jv‡Z †cbwmj w`‡q DËiMy‡jv †j‡Lv| Gici QR †Kv‡W cÖ`Ë DËigvjvi mv‡_ wgwj‡q †`‡Lv †Zvgvi DËiMy‡jv mwVK wK bv|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
DËi

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  2

XvKv †evW©Ñ2024
evsjv cÖ_g cÎ (m„Rbkxj cÖkœ) †mU : 03
[2024 mv‡ji wm‡jevm Abyhvqx] welq †KvW : 1 0 1
mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU c–Y©gvb : 70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c–Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcKMy‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i c‡ov Ges mswkÐó cÖkœMy‡jvi DËi `vI| K wefvM (M`¨) n‡Z Kgc‡¶
`ywU, L wefvM (KweZv) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ `ywU, M wefvM (Dcb¨vm) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwU Ges N wefvM (bvUK) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwU K‡i †gvU mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi
w`‡Z n‡e| GKB cÖ‡kœi Dˇi mvay I PwjZ fvlvixwZi wgkÖY `–lYxq|]
K wefvM : M`¨
1. Ôwek¦Kvc dzUejÕ 2022-Gi D`&‡evabx Avmi AbywôZ nq KvZv‡ii AvjevBZ †÷wWqv‡g| g‡Â Av‡mb `ynv‡Z fi w`‡q Pjv wek eQ‡ii
hyeK Mvwbg Avj gyd Zvn| Mvwb‡gi myjwjZ K‡É †KviAvb †ZjIqv‡Zi gva¨‡g RgKv‡jv Avmi kyi“ nq| †K GB Mvwbg? Rš§MZfv‡eB Zuvi
`ywU cv †bB| GRb¨ wkkyKvj †_‡K Zv‡K c‡` c‡` mvgvwRK eÂbvi wkKvi n‡Z n‡q‡Q| Z‡e Zuvi gv-evev `yRb `ywU cv n‡q mš@v‡bi
m‡½ †_‡K‡Qb, †cÖiYv RywM‡q‡Qb| ZvB †Zv wZwb we‡k¦i `iev‡i GKRb †gvwU‡fkbvj w¯•Kvi wn‡m‡e cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i‡Qb|
K. ÔeuvLvwiÕ A_© Kx? 1
L. myfvi mg¯@ ü`q AkÖ“ev‡®• f‡i †Mj †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K Mvwbg ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi m‡½ †h w`K †_‡K mv`„k¨c–Y© Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔDÏxc‡Ki Mvwb‡gi g‡Zv †cÖiYv †c‡j ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi Ae¯’viI cwieZ©b n‡Zv|ÓÑgš@e¨wU wePvi K‡iv| 4
2. (i) †fvi †ejv kyi“ KvR †kl nq iv‡Z
cÖwZw`b GB wbqg Qvo †bB Zv‡Z|
byb †_‡K Pzb n‡j P‡j ivM-Svj
Zey wQbœ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv GB gvqvRvj|
(ii) wkgyj Mv‡Qi Pviv Dc‡o †dj‡j ejvB dzuwc‡q †Ku‡`wQj| Avevi †KD wXj w`‡q AvgjwK cvo‡j †m Kó †c‡q‡Q|
K. wb‡gi nvIqv fv‡jv, _vK, †K‡Uv bv| Ñ Kviv e‡j? 1
L. ÔGKSuvK b¶Î †b‡g G‡m‡Q †hb bxj AvKvk †_‡K meyR mvq‡iÕÑeywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxcK-(i)-G ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi †h w`K dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔDÏxcK-(ii) Gi ejvB †hb ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi Kwei cÖwZi–cÓÑg–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
3. †ckvRxex `¤•wËi GKgvÎ mš@vb gvwng| gv‡qi B”Qv †m GKRb mdj cÖ‡KŠkjx n‡e| ZvB gv mvewibv wm‡jevm ewnf‚©Z †Kv‡bv
eB co‡Z †`L‡j AZ¨š@ wei³ nb| Z‡e evev mvBdzj mv‡ne cvV¨cy¯@‡Ki cvkvcvwk wewfbœ ai‡bi eB co‡Z D`&ey× K‡ib|
evevi Ggb Aby‡cÖiYvq gvwng †hgb mn‡RB ey‡q‡U PvÝ cvq †Zgwb kyå wPš@v †PZbvqI †m n‡q I‡V mg„×|
K. mvwnZ¨PP©vi Avb›` †_‡K ewÂZ nIqvi A_© Kx? 1
L. Ôwe`¨vi mvabv wkl¨‡K wb‡R AR©b Ki‡Z nqÕÑej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki mvBdzj mv‡n‡ei g‡a¨ ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †h w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔcÖMwZkxj RM‡Zi mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q Pj‡Z DÏxc‡Ki gvwn‡gi kyå wPš@v mg_©b ‡hvM¨ÕÑ gš@e¨wU ÔeB covÕ cÖe ‡Üi Av‡jv‡K we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
4. DÏxcK- (i) : c‡ii Kvi‡Y ¯^v_© w`qv ewj
G Rxeb gb mKwj `vI,
Zvi g‡Zv myL Av‡Q Kx †Kv_vI?
Avcbvi K_v fzwjqv hvI|
DÏxcK- (ii) : †h Avgvq `ytL w`j
†m †hb wPimyLx nq|
K. ÔaxÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? 1
L. ÔG‡`i Ávb `vI cÖfz, G‡`i ¶gv K‡ivÕÑeywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxcK-(i)-G dz‡U IVv w`KwU Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxcK-(ii)-Gi Aš@wb©wnZ fve Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.) Pwi‡Îi GKvš@ Abyf‚wZiB
cÖwZdjbÕÑwe‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
L wefvM : KweZv
5. (i) myigvi Zx‡i nqwb emv
†m †Zv A‡bK Kvj
nq bv †`Lv D_vj nvIqvq
Do‡Q bv‡qi cvj|
(ii) GKUv b`x KjKwj‡q `yj`ywj‡q P‡j
`yB K‚‡j Zvi `ytL-my‡Li nvRvi K_v e‡j|
ivM‡j b`x MR©‡b Zvi eyK Kuv‡c _i_i
kvš@ n‡j A‡bK my‡L RvMvq ey‡K Pi|
P‡ii ey‡K euva‡j †m Ni cÖv‡Yi †gjvq nv‡m
kvš@ b`x hgybv †m Rxeb fv‡jvev‡m|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  3
K. m‡b‡U Aó‡K Kx _v‡K? 1
L. ÔRyovB G Kvb Avwg åvwš@i Qj‡b!ÕÑeywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki (i) ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi †h w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡QÑZv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki (ii)-G ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi g–j †PZbvi cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q|ÓÑDw³wUi h_v_©Zv wePvi K‡iv| 4
6. mvš@vnvi †ij †÷k‡b wmMb¨vj g¨vb dRy wgqvi GKgvÎ mš@vb Amy¯’| ZvB wb‡q †m MZ iv‡Z Lye e¨wZe¨¯@ wQj| Gw`‡K ivZ
3Uvq Ôevsjvi `–ZÕ †UªbwU †÷k‡bi w`‡K †a‡q AvmwQj| GKB mgq wecixZ w`K †_‡K Avš@tbMi †Uªb G‡m co‡j wmMb¨vj bv
†`Iqvq †Uªb `ywU `yN©Ubvq KewjZ nq|
K. ÔivbviÕ KweZvq †KvbwU‡K †Quvqv hv‡e bv? 1
L. Ô`my¨i fq, Zvi †P‡q fq KLb m–h© I‡V?Õ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K dRy wgqvi Kvh©µ‡g dz‡U IVv w`KwU ÔivbviÕ KweZvq Kxfv‡e ˆemv`„‡k¨ cwiYZ n‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Ôivbv‡ii msmvi fvebv †hb dRy wgqvi msmv‡ii e¨wZe¨¯@Zv‡KI nvi gvwb‡q‡QÕ ÑÔivbviÕ KweZvi Av‡jv‡K gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
7. gv‡qi cvMj †QvÆ †LvKv
gv‡qi wc‡Q K‡i NyivNywi,
wkky abwU mviv †ejv
gv‡qi AuvPj _vK‡Zv awi|
GKUz e‡ov n‡jv hLb
Av¤§v Aaxi †LvKvi Rb¨,
cov‡jLv †klUv K‡i
KLb wd‡i Ki‡e ab¨|
K. Kx‡mi evZv‡m mycvwii eb †n‡j c‡o? 1
L. ÔDËi w`‡Z `ytwLbx gv‡qi wØMyY evwoZ R¡vjv|ÕÑeywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki fve¯‘‡Z dz‡U IVv w`KwU ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq Kxfv‡e cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔDÏxc‡Ki D³ fvewU ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq wfbœ cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡QÓÑDw³wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
M wefvM : Dcb¨vm
8. (i) nvwi‡q †Mj me wcÖqRb
wb‡q †M‡jv gnvgvwi‡Z,
AvKvk evZvm n‡q hvq fvix
eyK fvOv AvnvRvwi‡Z|
(ii) hw` GwM‡q †h‡Z cvI fq
Zvn‡j Zzwg †kl,
hw` mvn‡m I‡Vv M‡R©
Z‡e mvevk evsjv‡`k|
K. eyavi cv‡qi Kv‡Q Kx c‡o _v‡K? 1
L. eyav †bvjK eyqvi mv‡_ †h‡Z Pvqwb †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxcK (i)-G dz‡U IVv w`KwU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m Kxfv‡e cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxcK (ii) †hb eyavi GKvš@ †PZbvi cÖwZdjbÑKvKZvo~qv Dcb¨v‡mi Av‡jv‡K Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
9. K‡ivbv fvBiv‡m Avµvš@ n‡q gvÎ K‡qKw`‡bi e¨eav‡b ivwR‡bi gv-evev Ges GKgvÎ †evb g„Zz¨eiY K‡i| Gi d‡j `k eQ‡ii
ivwRb G‡Kev‡i wbtm½ n‡q c‡o| †Pv‡Li mvg‡b cwiRb‡`i g„Zz¨ Zv‡K nZwenŸj K‡i †Zv‡j| AvÍxq-¯^Rb‡`i Ki“Yvi cvÎ n‡q
Zv‡K GLb RxebmsMÖvg Ki‡Z n‡”Q|
K. Muv‡qi †jvK eyav‡K Kx bv‡g Wv‡K? 1
L. Avnv` gywÝi †PvL Kcv‡j I‡V †Kb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki ivwR‡bi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mv`„k¨c–Y¨ PwiÎwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔDÏxc‡Ki ivwR‡bi RxebmsMÖvg Ges ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi msMÖvgx Rxeb GK bq|ÓÑgš@e¨wUi †hŠw³KZv wePvi K‡iv| 4
N wefvM : bvUK
10. ¯¿xi Abv_ †Qv‡Uv †evb wK‡kvix Av‡jvi `vwqZ¡ c‡o kwd †gvjÐvi Ici| Gw`‡K m`¨ wecZœxK †cŠp e‡ov fvB g›Uz †gvjÐvi msmvi
mvgjv‡bv Ges †mevh‡Zœi Rb¨ †jv‡KiI cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| Ggb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z kwd †gvjÐvi e‡ov fvB‡qi mv‡_ k¨vwjKvi weevn w¯’i
K‡ib| wKš‘ Zuvi ¯¿x Avwe`v G‡Z cÖwZev` K‡ib Ges †evb‡K wb‡q iv‡M I `yt‡L evwo †_‡K †ewi‡q hvq|
K. ewncx‡ii †bŠKv nv‡Zg Avwji eRivi mv‡_ †Kvb ¯’v‡b av°v †j‡MwQj? 1
L. Ô`ywbqvwU mZ¨B KwVb cix¶v †¶ÎÕÑe¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki kwd †gvjÐv ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †h Pwi‡Îi m‡½ ˆemv`„k¨c–Y© Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔDÏxc‡Ki Avwe`v j¶¨nxb n‡jI ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg j¶¨nxb bqÕÑDw³wUi h_v_©Zv wbi–cY K‡iv| 4
11. i–cvi evev gwne, mv‡ne Avjx wc‡ii GKRb AÜf³| AvR wci mv‡ne i–cv‡`i evmvq G‡m‡Qb| wci mv‡ne Avm‡j i–cvi gv
†ibyKv †eMg wc‡ii Aviv‡g _vKvi e¨e¯’vmn cQ›`bxq Lvevi ˆZwi‡Z AZ¨š@ e¨¯@ n‡q hvb| mܨv‡ejv i–cv Qv‡` gv_v Ny‡i c‡o
hvq| N‡i G‡m wKQy¶Y c‡i my¯’ n‡q I‡V| wKš‘ welqwU wci mv‡n‡ei Kvb ch©š@ †cuŠ‡Q †M‡Q| i–cv‡K N‡i wb‡q G‡m wci mv‡ne
SvodzuK w`‡Z _v‡Kb| G‡Z i–cv †i‡M wM‡q e‡j, Avwg Wv³v‡ii Kv‡Q hv‡ev|
K. Ôm–h©v¯@ AvBbÕ Kx? 1
L. Ô†Lv`vi †f` †evSv mZ¨B gykwKj|ÕцKb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †h we‡kl w`KwUi Bw½Z i‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki i–cv cÖwZev` Ki‡jI †m ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki ÔZv‡nivÕ bq|ÓцhŠw³KZv wePvi K‡iv| 4
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  4

DËigvjv
eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶v
1 L 2 M 3 K 4 N 5 L 6 L 7 M 8 K 9 K 10 M 11 L 12 N 13 L 14 K 15 M
DËi

16 N 17 L 18 K 19 N 20 M 21 K 22 K 23 M 24 N 25 L 26 M 27 N 28 L 29 M 30 N
m„Rbkxj
cÖkœ  01 Ôwek¦Kvc dzUejÕ 2022-Gi D`&‡evabx Avmi AbywôZ nq KvZv‡ii AvjevBZ †÷wWqv‡g| g‡Â Av‡mb `ynv‡Z fi w`‡q Pjv
wek eQ‡ii hyeK Mvwbg Avj gydZvn| Mvwb‡gi myjwjZ K‡É †KviAvb †ZjIqv‡Zi gva¨‡g RgKv‡jv Avmi kyi“ nq| †K GB Mvwbg?
Rš§MZfv‡eB Zuvi `ywU cv †bB| GRb¨ wkkyKvj †_‡K Zv‡K c‡` c‡` mvgvwRK eÂbvi wkKvi n‡Z n‡q‡Q| Z‡e Zuvi gv-evev `yRb `ywU cv
n‡q mš@v‡bi m‡½ †_‡K‡Qb, †cÖiYv RywM‡q‡Qb| ZvB †Zv wZwb we‡k¦i `iev‡i GKRb †gvwU‡fkbvj w¯•Kvi wn‡m‡e cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i‡Qb|
K. ÔeuvLvwiÕ A_© Kx? 1
L. myfvi mg¯@ ü`q AkÖ“ev‡®• f‡i †Mj †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K Mvwbg ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi m‡½ †h w`K †_‡K mv`„k¨c–Y© Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔDÏxc‡Ki Mvwb‡gi g‡Zv †cÖiYv †c‡j ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi Ae¯’viI cwieZ©b n‡Zv|ÓÑgš@e¨wU wePvi K‡iv| 4
1bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h ÔeuvLvwiÕ A_© Kuv‡ai `yw`‡K `ycÖv‡š@ Szwj‡q †evSv en‡bi euv‡ki dvwj|
i KjKvZv hvIqvi Av‡qvRb kyi“ nIqvq myfvi mg¯@ ü`q AkÖ“ev‡®• f‡i †Mj|
myfvi wcZvi bvg evYxKÉ| Kb¨v`vqMÖ¯@ evYxKÉ †g‡qi K_v wPš@v K‡i we‡`k hvb| wd‡i G‡m ¯¿x‡K mcwiev‡i KjKvZvq hvIqvi
K_v e‡jb| K_v ej‡Z bv cvi‡jI myfv eyS‡Z cv‡i wcZv cwiwPZ cwi‡ek †_‡K Zv‡K KjKvZvq wb‡q hv‡”Q| GgZve¯’vq wb‡Ri
wPi‡Pbv cwi‡ek I eÜy‡`i †Q‡o bZyb RvqMvq †h‡Z n‡e †R‡b GKUv ARvbv Avk¼vq Kzqvkvq XvKv cÖfv‡Zi g‡Zv myfvi mg¯@ ü`q
AkÖ“ev‡®• f‡i †Mj|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Avcb cwi‡ek †Q‡o bZyb RvqMvq hvIqvi Avk¼vq myfvi ü`q AkÖ“ev‡®• f‡i hvq|
j DÏxc‡Ki Mvwbg ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi m‡½ cÖwZewÜZvi w`K †_‡K mv`„k¨c–Y©|
ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfv Rš§MZfv‡eB evK&cÖwZeÜx| †m evK&cÖwZeÜx nIqvi Rb¨ mevi Kv‡Q AeÁvi wkKvi n‡q‡Q| GgbwK Zvi Rš§`vÎx gv
ch©š@ Zv‡K Pigfv‡e AeÁv K‡i‡Q| myfv‡K M‡f©i Kj¼ g‡b K‡i‡Q| G‡Z myfv gvbwmKfv‡e †f‡O c‡o‡Q| myfv wb‡R‡K mgv‡Ri
Kv‡Q †evSv g‡b K‡i‡Q| d‡j myfvi gvbwmK weKvk N‡Uwb| myfv wb‡R‡K MywU‡q wb‡q Aejv cÖvYx‡`i mv‡_ mL¨Zv M‡o Zz‡j‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki Mvwbg kvixwiK cÖwZeÜx| Rš§MZfv‡eB Zvi `ywU cv †bB| GRb¨ wkkyKvj †_‡K Zv‡K mvgvwRK eÂbvi wkKvi n‡Z n‡q‡Q|
wKš‘ Mvwbg KL‡bv gvbwmKfv‡e †f‡O c‡owb| KviY Zvi gv-evev mviv¶Y cv‡k †_‡K Zv‡K Aby‡cÖiYv w`‡q‡Qb| hvi d‡j Mvwbg
†gvwUwfkbvj w¯•Kvi wn‡m‡e cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i‡Qb| Aciw`‡K ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi fv‡M¨i †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nqwb| KviY myfv DÏxc‡Ki
Mvwb‡gi g‡Zv cÖwZfv weKv‡ki AbyK‚j cwi‡ek cvqwb| ZvB DÏxc‡Ki Mvwb‡gi m‡½ ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi †Kej cÖwZewÜZvi w`KwU
mv`„k¨c–Y©|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfv Rš§MZfv‡eB evK&cÖwZeÜx| GKBfv‡e, DÏxc‡Ki Mvwbg kvixwiK cÖwZeÜx| Gw`K †_‡K Zviv ci¯•i mv`„k¨c–Y©|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki Mvwb‡gi g‡Zv †cÖiYv †c‡j ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi Ae¯’viI cwieZ©b n‡Zv|ÓÑgš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfv KviI Kv‡Q †Kv‡bv mnvbyf‚wZ cvqwb| Zvi evevi Kv‡Q †h mnvbyf‚wZ †c‡qwQj Zv Zvi cÖwZfv weKv‡ki Rb¨ h‡_ó wQj
bv| GRb¨ myfvi myß cÖwZfv A¼z‡iB webó n‡q hvq| myfv Zvi cÖwZewÜZ¡‡K Rq Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| myfvi Rxe‡bi Ki“Y cwiYwZi Rb¨
kyay mgvR bq; eis Zvi cwieviI `vqx| Zvi cwievi k³fv‡e myfvi Rxe‡bi mvgvwRK eÂbvi †gvKvwejv Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|
DÏxc‡Ki Mvwbg kvixwiK cÖwZeÜx| Zvi `ywU cv bv _vKv m‡Ë¡I wZwb GKRb †gvwU‡fkbvj w¯•Kvi n‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| Avi G Kv‡R Zv‡K
mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Qb Zvi gv-evev| mgv‡Ri bvbv cÖwZeÜKZv‡K c``wjZ K‡i Zvi gv-evev Zv‡K mvd‡j¨i wkL‡i Av‡ivnY Kivi
e¨e¯’v K‡i‡Qb| GRb¨ Mvwbg Zvi `ywU cv bv _vKvi †e`bvq RR©wiZ n‡q _v‡Kbwb| wZwb Zvi gv-evev‡KB Rxeb Pjvi c‡_ `ywU cv
g‡b K‡i‡Qb| Avi Gfv‡eB Mvwbg Zvi kvixwiK cÖwZewÜZ¡‡K Rq Ki‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Qb|
DÏxc‡Ki Mvwbg cÖwZfv weKv‡ki AbyK‚j cwi‡ek wbR cwievi †_‡K †c‡q‡Q| wb‡Ri cwievi †_‡K me ai‡bi Drmvn I DÏxcbv
cvIqvq Mvwb‡gi fv‡M¨i cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfv Mvwb‡gi g‡Zv gv-evevi †Kv‡bv Drmvn-DÏxcbv cvqwb| d‡j myfvi
myß cÖwZfvi weKvk N‡Uwb| Zvi Rxe‡bi cÖwZeÜKZv‡K AwZµg Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| myfv cÖwZK‚j cwiw¯’wZi wkKvi n‡q mgv‡Ri Kv‡Q
Ki“Yvi cvÎx‡Z cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki Mvwb‡gi g‡Zv †cÖiYv †c‡j ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi Ae¯’viI cwieZ©b n‡Zv|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Mvwbg cÖwZfv weKv‡ki AbyK‚j cwi‡ek wbR cwievi †_‡K †c‡q‡Q| Mvwb‡gi g‡Zv †cÖiYv †c‡j ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi
Ae¯’viI cwieZ©b n‡Zv|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  5

cÖkœ  02 (i) †fvi †ejv kyi“ KvR †kl nq iv‡Z

cÖwZw`b GB wbqg Qvo †bB Zv‡Z|
byb †_‡K Pzb n‡j P‡j ivM-Svj
Zey wQbœ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv GB gvqvRvj|
(ii) wkgyj Mv‡Qi Pviv Dc‡o †dj‡j ejvB dzuwc‡q †Ku‡`wQj| Avevi †KD wXj w`‡q AvgjwK cvo‡j †m Kó †c‡q‡Q|
K. wb‡gi nvIqv fv‡jv, _vK, †K‡Uv bv| Ñ Kviv e‡j? 1
L. ÔGKSuvK b¶Î †b‡g G‡m‡Q †hb bxj AvKvk †_‡K meyR mvq‡iÕÑeywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxcK-(i)-G ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi †h w`K dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔDÏxcK-(ii) Gi ejvB †hb ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi Kwei cÖwZi–cÓÑg–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
2bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h wb‡gi nvIqv fv‡jv, _vK&, †K‡Uv bv|Ñ K_vwU weÁiv e‡j|
i ÒGKSuvK b¶Î †b‡g G‡m‡Q †hb bxj AvKvk †_‡K meyR mvq‡i|ÓÑ GLv‡b ÔGKSuvK b¶ÎÕ ej‡Z wbgdz‡ji †mŠ›`h©‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
wbgcvZv meyR| wbgMv‡Q †_vKv †_vKv dzj a‡i| dz‡ji is mv`v, AvKv‡i ¶z`ª| wbgMv‡Qi gv_vRy‡o mv`v mv`v dz‡ji †_vKv Sz‡j _v‡K|
dz‡ji myev‡m Pviw`K gv‡Zvqviv nq| AvKv‡ki ey‡K †hgb b¶Î dz‡U _v‡K iv‡Zi †ejvq, `–i †_‡K dzjhy³ wbgMv‡Qi w`‡K ZvKv‡jI
†miKg b¶Î g‡b nq| Avi ÔGKSuvK b¶ÎÕ ej‡Z †mwUB †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³wU‡Z ÔGKSuvK b¶ÎÕ ej‡Z wbgdz‡ji †mŠ›`h©‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
j DÏxcK-(i)G ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi wbgMv‡Qi Z_v M„nKg© wbcyYv j¶¥x eDwUi Ae‡njvi w`KwU dz‡U I‡V‡Q|
ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡í GKwU wbgMv‡Qi Kvwnwb ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| wbgMvQwU g–jZ cÖZxKx A‡_© e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q| wbgMv‡Qi gva¨‡g evOvwj bvixi
RxebwPÎ Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| GKRb M„nea–‡K msmv‡ii hveZxq KvR m¤•bœ Ki‡Z nq| cy‡iv msmvi‡K AvM‡j ivL‡Z nq| A_P Zvi
Kv‡Ri †Kv‡bv ¯^xK…wZ †bB| †KD Zvi †Kv‡bv †LuvR-Lei iv‡L bv| mevi Kv‡QB M„nea–wU AeÁv I Ae‡njvi wkKvi nq|
DÏxcK-(i)G GKRb M„nea–i Kvwnwb ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| †h M„nea–wU mvivw`b AK¬vš@ cwikÖg K‡i| Zvi Kv‡Ri †Kv‡bv †kl †bB|
weivgnxbfv‡e Zv‡K KvR Ki‡Z nq| Kv‡R mvgvb¨ GKUz fzj n‡j Zv‡K A‡bK Acgvb mn¨ Ki‡Z nq| g‡bi `yt‡L G M„nea– msmvi
†Q‡o P‡j †h‡Z PvB‡jI †kl ch©š@ †h‡Z cv‡i bv| DÏxc‡Ki G M„nea–i m‡½ ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi wbgMvQ Z_v M„nea–i Ae‡njvi w`KwUi
wgj j¶ Kiv hvq| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxcK-(i)G ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi M„nea–i Ae‡njvi w`KwU dz‡U I‡V‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxcK-(i)Gi M„nea–i m‡½ ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi wbgMvQ Z_v M„nea–i Ae‡njvi w`KwUi wgj j¶ Kiv hvq|
k ÒDÏxcK-(ii)Gi ejvB †hb ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi Kwei cÖwZiƒcÓÑgš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡í wbgMv‡Qi wewfbœ DcKvix w`K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| wbgMv‡Q †flRMyY _vKvq KweivRMY wbgMv‡Qi Wvj, cvZv, Qvj I Ab¨vb¨
Ask e¨envi K‡i| KweivR QvovI mgv‡Ri wewfbœ †kÖwYi gvbyl cÖZ¨¶ I c‡iv¶fv‡e wbgMv‡Qi Dc‡hvwMZv MÖnY K‡i| wKš‘ †KD
wbgMv‡Qi hZœ ev cwiPh©v K‡i bv| †Kej GKRb Kwe wbgMv‡Qi cÖksmv K‡i| Av‡jvP¨ M‡íi Kwe wbgMv‡Qi †Kv‡bv ¶wZ K‡iwb; eis
wbgMv‡Qi †mŠ›`‡h© gy» n‡q‡Qb|
ÒDÏxcK-(ii)Gi ejvB GKRb e„¶‡cÖwgK| e„‡¶i cÖwZ Zvi AK…wÎg fv‡jvevmv i‡q‡Q| GRb¨ †m e„¶ KZ©‡bi †Nvi we‡ivax| GKevi
wkgyj Mv‡Qi Pviv Dc‡o †djvq ejvB Lye Kvbœv K‡iwQj| †KD wXj w`‡q AvgjwK cvo‡j ejvB Lye Kó †cZ| KviY MvQcvjvi cÖwZ †KD
Ab¨vq AvPiY Ki“K GgbwU ejvB KL‡bv cÖZ¨vkv K‡i bv| ejvB MvQcvjvi cÖwZ AZ¨š@ gvbweK AvPiY cÖ`k©b K‡i‡Q|
ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi Kwe I DÏxcK-(ii)Gi ejvB‡qi g‡a¨ Mfxi wgj i‡q‡Q| KviY DÏxcK-(ii)Gi ejvB MvQcvjv‡K fv‡jvev‡m| †m
MvQcvjvi †Kv‡bv ¶wZ K‡i bv| Ab¨ †KD MvQcvjvi ¶wZ Ki‡j ejvB AZ¨š@ Kó cvq| Aciw`‡K ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi KweI wbgMvQ‡K
fv‡jv‡e‡m cÖksmv K‡i‡Qb| wZwb wbgMv‡Qi †Kv‡bv ¶wZmvab K‡ibwb| G `„wó‡KvY †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki ejvB Ges ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi Kwe g–jZ
GKB gy`ªvi GwcV-IwcV gvÎ| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxcK-(ii)Gi ejvB †hb ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi Kwei cÖwZiƒc|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi Kwe Ges DÏxcK-(ii)Gi ejvB Df‡qB MvQ Z_v cÖK…wZ‡cÖgx Gw`K †_‡K Zv‡`i wgj i‡q‡Q|
cÖkœ  03 †ckvRxex `¤•wËi GKgvÎ mš@vb gvwng| gv‡qi B”Qv †m GKRb mdj cÖ‡KŠkjx n‡e| ZvB gv mvewibv wm‡jevm ewnf‚©Z
†Kv‡bv eB co‡Z †`L‡j AZ¨š@ wei³ nb| Z‡e evev mvBdzj mv‡ne cvV¨cy¯@‡Ki cvkvcvwk wewfbœ ai‡bi eB co‡Z D`&ey× K‡ib|
evevi Ggb Aby‡cÖiYvq gvwng †hgb mn‡RB ey‡q‡U PvÝ cvq †Zgwb kyå wPš@v †PZbvqI †m n‡q I‡V mg„×|
K. mvwnZ¨PP©vi Avb›` †_‡K ewÂZ nIqvi A_© Kx? 1
L. Ôwe`¨vi mvabv wkl¨‡K wb‡R AR©b Ki‡Z nqÕÑej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki mvBdzj mv‡n‡ei g‡a¨ ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †h w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔcÖMwZkxj RM‡Zi mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q Pj‡Z DÏxc‡Ki gvwn‡gi kyå wPš@v mg_©b‡hvM¨ÕÑ gš@e¨wU ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K
we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  6

3bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb

h mvwnZ¨PP©vi Avb›` †_‡K ewÂZ nIqvi A_© n‡”Q, RvwZi Rxebxkw³i n«vm Kiv|
i Ôwe`¨vi mvabv wkl¨‡K wb‡R AR©b Ki‡Z nqÕ ej‡Z wk¶‡Ki †`Lv‡bv c‡_ wk¶v AR©‡b Qv‡Îi wb‡Ri †Póvi K_v †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
wk¶‡Ki mv_©KZv wk¶v`vb Kivq bq, Qv·K ev wkl¨‡K Zv AR©b Ki‡Z m¶g Kiv‡bvi g‡a¨| whwb h_v_© Myyi“, wZwb wk‡l¨i AvÍv‡K D`&‡evwaZ K‡ib
Ges Zvi Aš@wb©wnZ mKj cÖ”Qbœ kw³‡K RvMÖZ K‡ib| Myi“ ev wk¶‡Ki †`Lv‡bv c‡_ wkl¨ ev Qv·K wb‡Ri we`¨v wb‡R‡KB AR©b Ki‡Z nq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : wk¶‡Ki KvR kyay wkl¨‡K c_ †`Lv‡bv| wk¶‡Ki †`Lv‡bv c‡_ †nu‡U wbR¯^ †Póvq wk¶v AR©b Ki‡Z nq|
j DÏxc‡Ki mvBdzj mv‡n‡ei g‡a¨ ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi eB covi Myi“‡Z¡i w`KwU dz‡U I‡V‡Q|
ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi cÖvewÜK eB covi cÖwZ we‡kl Myi“Z¡v‡ivc K‡i‡Qb| KviY eB covi gva¨‡g gvby‡li †gav I gbbkxjZvi weKvk
mvwaZ nq| kyay cvV¨eB‡qi g‡a¨B we`¨vR©b‡K mxgve× ivLv DwPZ bq| cvV¨eB‡qi Ávb GKwU wbw`©ó mxgv‡iLvi g‡a¨B Ave×| ZvB
cwic–Y© ÁvbvR©‡bi Rb¨ cÖvewÜK mevB‡K eB covi civgk© w`‡q‡Qb| †Kbbv, eB covi gva¨‡gB m„Rbkxj wPš@vavivi m¤•bœ n‡q _v‡K|
DÏxc‡Ki gvwng †ckvRxex `¤•wËi GKgvÎ mš@vb| gvwn‡gi gv mvewibv Zvi mš@vb‡K cÖ‡KŠkjx evbv‡Z Pvq| GRb¨ gvwng wm‡jevm
ewnf‚©Z †Kv‡bv eB co‡j Zvi gv Lye wei³ nb| KviY wZwb Pvb bv Zvi mš@vb wm‡jevm ewnf‚©Z †Kv‡bv eB co~K| Aciw`‡K gvwn‡gi
evev mvBdzj mv‡ne cvV¨cy¯@‡Ki cvkvcvwk wewfbœ ai‡bi eB covi Rb¨ gvwng‡K D`&ey× K‡ib| gvwng Zvi evevi Ggb Aby‡cÖiYvq
mn‡RB ey‡q‡U PvÝ †c‡q hvq| DÏxc‡Ki mvBdzj mv‡ne Zvi mš@vb‡K wewfYœ ai‡bi eBcy¯@K covi Rb¨ DrmvwnZ K‡i‡Qb| ZvB
Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, DÏxc‡Ki mvBdzj mv‡n‡ei g‡a¨ ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi eB covi Myi“‡Z¡i w`KwU dz‡U I‡V‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi cÖvewÜK eB covi cÖwZ we‡kl Myi“Z¡v‡ivc K‡i‡Qb| DÏxc‡Ki mvBdzj mv‡n‡ei g‡a¨I Av‡jvP¨ cÖe‡Üi G
w`KwU Myi“‡Z¡i m‡½ dz‡U I‡V‡Q|
k ÒcÖMwZkxj RM‡Zi mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q Pj‡Z DÏxc‡Ki gvwn‡gi kyå wPš@v mg_©b‡hvM¨ÓÑgš@e¨wU ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K h_v_©|
ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü eB covi wewfbœ BwZevPK w`K wbwY©Z n‡q‡Q| eB covi gva¨‡g gvby‡li wPš@v‡PZbv I †gavi weKvk Kxfv‡e mvwaZ nq
Zv Lye PgrKvifv‡eB cÖvewÜK eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| A‡b‡KB †Kej wm‡jevmfz³ eBcy¯@K covi g‡a¨B wb‡R‡K Ave× iv‡L, hv m„wókxj
wPš@vavivi Ab¨Zg GKwU cÖwZeÜKZvgvÎ| G cÖwZeÜKZv `–ixKi‡Yi Rb¨B cÖvewÜK eB covi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb| eB
covi gva¨‡g g‡bi msKxY©Zv `–ixf‚Z nq| GKRb we‡eKevb gvbyl nIqvi R‡b¨I eB covi †Kv‡bv weKí †bB| eB covi gva¨‡gB RMZ
I Rxe‡bi Adziš@ Áv‡bi iv‡R¨ ågY Kiv hvq|
DÏxc‡Ki gvwng GKRb D`xqgvb wk¶v_©x| Zvi gv Pvq Zv‡K cÖ‡KŠkjx evbv‡Z| GRb¨ gvwng wm‡jevm ewnf‚©Z †Kv‡bv eB co‡j Zvi
gv wei³ nb| wKš‘ Zvi evev GgbwU K‡ib bv| gvwn‡gi evev wm‡jevm ewnf‚©Z wewfbœ eB wK‡b Av‡bb Ges gvwng‡K co‡Z D`&ey×
K‡ib| gvwng Lywk n‡q Gme eB c‡o| G‡Z Zvi Áv‡bi cÖmviZv e„w× cvq| wm‡jevmfz³ eB covi cvkvcvwk Ab¨vb¨ eB covi d‡jB
gvwng Áv‡bi Av‡jv‡Z D™¢vwlZ nq| gvwng cÖ‡KŠkjx nIqvi Rb¨ ey‡q‡U PvÝ cvq|
ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü eB covi gva¨‡g mywkw¶Z nIqvi cÖ‡qvRbxq w`K wb‡`©kbv †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| DÏxc‡Ki gvwng wm‡jevmfz³ eB covi
cvkvcvwk Ab¨vb¨ eB covi d‡j Zvi Áv‡bi cÖmviZv e„w× †c‡q‡Q| d‡j ey‡q‡U PvÝ cvIqvi cvkvcvwk †m kyå wPš@v †PZbvqI mg„×
n‡q‡Q| ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi cÖvewÜK gvwn‡gi g‡Zv wk¶v_©x‡`i cÖZ¨vkv K‡i‡Qb, hviv cÖMwZkxj RM‡Zi mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q Pj‡Z m¶g
n‡e| KviY DÏxc‡Ki gvwn‡gi g‡a¨ kyå wPš@v †PZbvi weKvk N‡U‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq, ÒcÖMwZkxj RM‡Zi mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q Pj‡Z
DÏxc‡Ki gvwn‡gi kyå wPš@v mg_©b‡hvM¨Ó|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki gvwng wm‡jevmfz³ eB covi cvkvcvwk Ab¨vb¨ eB covi d‡j Zvi Áv‡bi cÖmviZv e„w× †c‡q‡Q| d‡j ey‡q‡U PvÝ
cvIqvi cvkvcvwk †m kyå wPš@v †PZbvqI mg„× n‡q‡Q| G w`K we‡ePbvq gvwn‡gi wPš@v-†PZbv mg_©b‡hvM¨|
cÖkœ  04 DÏxcK- (i) : c‡ii Kvi‡Y ¯^v_© w`qv ewj
G Rxeb gb mKwj `vI,
Zvi g‡Zv myL Av‡Q Kx †Kv_vI?
Avcbvi K_v fzwjqv hvI|
DÏxcK- (ii) : †h Avgvq `ytL w`j
†m †hb wPimyLx nq|
K. ÔaxÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? 1
L. ÔG‡`i Ávb `vI cÖfz, G‡`i ¶gv K‡ivÕÑeywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxcK-(i)-G dz‡U IVv w`KwU Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxcK-(ii)-Gi Aš@wb©wnZ fve Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.) Pwi‡Îi GKvš@ Abyf‚wZiB
cÖwZdjbÕÑwe‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  7

4bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb

h ÔaxÕ k‡ãi A_© eyw×|
i g°vi c‡_-cÖvš@‡i †cŠËwjK‡`i cÖ¯@ivNv‡Z AvnZ n‡qI nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.) Zv‡`i Awfkvc †`bwb; eis Zv‡`i Rb¨ ¶gv cÖv_©bv K‡i‡Qb|
nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.) Ki“Yvq wQ‡jb Kzmyg-†Kvgj| kΓi AZ¨vPv‡i wZwb evievi RR©wiZ n‡q‡Qb| Zuvi cwi”Q` eûevi i‡³ iwÄZ n‡q‡Q|
Zey wZwb kΓi cÖwZ we‡ØlevYx D”PviY K‡ibwb| gvbyl‡K fv‡jv‡e‡m‡Qb e‡jB wZwb AÁZv NywP‡q w`‡Z Ávb cÖZ¨vkv K‡i‡Qb Ges
AvjÐvni Kv‡Q Zv‡`i Rb¨ ¶gv cÖv_©bv K‡i‡Qb|
Dˇii g–jK_v : g°vi c‡_-cÖvš@‡i †cŠËwjK‡`i cÖ¯@ivNv‡Z AvnZ n‡qI nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.) Zv‡`i Awfkvc †`bwb; eis Zv‡`i Rb¨ ¶gv cÖv_©bv K‡i‡Qb|
j DÏxcK -(i)G dz‡U IVv w`KwU Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi c‡ivcKvwi I gvbeKj¨vYg–jK Kv‡RiB ewntcÖKvk|
Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Ü nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi wewea gvbweK MyYvewj dz‡U I‡V‡Q| gyn¤§` (m.) wQ‡jb Abycg Pwi‡Îi AwaKvix|
wZwb wb‡Ri myL-¯^v”Q‡›`¨i K_v fz‡j gvbeKj¨v‡Y wb‡R‡K wb‡qvwRZ K‡ib| Zuvi wewea gvbexq MyYvewji g‡a¨ c‡ivcKvwiZv Ab¨Zg|
wZwb mva¨g‡Zv gvby‡li DcKvi Ki‡Zb| wec`vcbœ gvbyl‡K mvnvh¨-mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡Zb| gvby‡li wec‡` wZwb me©`v GwM‡q Avm‡Zb|
Zuvi c‡ivcKvwiZvi Rb¨ gvbyl wec` †_‡K D×vi †c‡Zb|
DÏxcK-(i)Gi KweZvs‡k c‡ivcKv‡ii K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| c‡ii Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ wb‡Ri ¯^v_©‡K wemR©b w`‡Z AbycÖvwYZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
g‡bvcÖvY DRvo K‡i wbt¯^v_©fv‡e gvby‡li DcKvi Kivi †P‡q e‡ov wKQy †bB| KviY G KvRwU AZ¨š@ my‡Li GKwU KvR| c‡ivcKvi K‡i
†h myL cvIqv hvq Zv Ab¨ wKQy‡Z cvIqv hvq bv| GRb¨ DÏxcK-(i)Gi KweZvs‡k wb‡Ri K_v fz‡j A‡b¨i DcKvi Ki‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q|
hv Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi c‡ivcKvwi Kg©Kv‡Êi K_v‡K ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxcK -(i)G dz‡U IVv
w`KwU Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi c‡ivcKvwi Kg©Kv‡ÊiB ewntcÖKvk gvÎ|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxcK -(i)G dz‡U IVv w`KwU Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi c‡ivcKvwi I gvbeKj¨vYg–jK Kv‡RiB ewntcÖKvk|
k ÒDÏxcK-(ii)Gi Aš@wb©wnZfv‡e Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.) Pwi‡Îi GKvš@ Abyf‚wZiB cÖwZdjbÓÑgš@e¨wU h_v_©|
Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Ü gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi wewfbœ gnr MyYvewj ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Zuvi AmsL¨ gnrMyYvewji g‡a¨ ¶gvkxjZv Ab¨Zg| wZwb ¶gvi
Av`‡k© D¾xweZ wQ‡jb| †KD †Kv‡bv fzj K‡i AbyZß n‡j wZwb ¶gv K‡i w`‡Zb| g°vi KzivBkiv Zuvi cÖwZ AgvbweK wbh©vZb K‡i| wKš‘
g°v weR‡qi ci wZwb g°vi KzivBk‡`i webv k‡Z© ¶gv K‡i †`b| Ggb AmsL¨ ¶gvi `„óvš@ Avgiv Zuvi Pwi‡Îi gv‡S Luy‡R cvB|
ÒDÏxcK-(ii)G ejv n‡q‡Q, †h Avgv‡K `ytL w`j †m †hb wPimyLx nq| A_©vr `ytL`vbKvixi cÖwZ Zvi †Kv‡bv †¶vf †bB| GgbwK †m †hb
wPimyLx nq †mRb¨ cÖv_©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GKRb Av`k©evb e¨w³i c‡¶B Ggb cÖv_©bv Kiv m¤¢e| †KD Lvivc AvPiY Ki‡j Zvi cÖwZI
Lvivc AvPiY Ki‡Z n‡e GgbwU Kiv †gv‡UI wVK bq| DÏxc‡K G welqwUi Bw½Z i‡q‡Q, hv BwZevPK `„wófw½i cwiPq enb K‡i|
Av`k© gvbyl nIqvi D³ wk¶Yxq welqwU‡K Aš@‡i jvjb Kivi †Kv‡bv weKí †bB|
DÏxcK-(ii)G Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi g‡a¨ fveMZ e¨vcK wgj i‡q‡Q| †Kbbv, DÏxcK-(ii)Gi Aš@wb©wnZ fve Av‡jvP¨ cÖe‡Ü
ewY©Z nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi Pwi‡Îi GKvš@ Abyf‚wZiB cÖwZdjb j¶ Kiv hvq| nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-†K †KD †Kv‡bv `ytL w`‡j wZwb
KvD‡K †Kv‡bv Awfkvc †`bwb| Zv‡`i‡K wZwb ¶gv K‡i w`‡q‡Qb Ges Zv‡`i Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ cÖv_©bv K‡i‡Qb| DÏxcK-(ii)G gyn¤§`
(m.)-Gi GB Abyf‚wZiB cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³wU h_v_©|
Dˇii g–jK_v : nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-†K †KD †Kv‡bv `ytL w`‡j wZwb KvD‡K †Kv‡bv Awfkvc †`bwb| Zv‡`i‡K wZwb ¶gv K‡i w`‡q‡Qb Ges Zv‡`i
Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ cÖv_©bv K‡i‡Qb| DÏxcK-(ii)Gi Aš@wb©wnZ fve nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi Pwi‡Îi †mB ˆewk‡ó¨iB cÖwZdjb|
cÖkœ  05 (i) myigvi Zx‡i nqwb emv
†m †Zv A‡bK Kvj
nq bv †`Lv D_vj nvIqvq
Do‡Q bv‡qi cvj|
(ii) GKUv b`x KjKwj‡q `yj`ywj‡q P‡j
`yB K‚‡j Zvi `ytL-my‡Li nvRvi K_v e‡j|
ivM‡j b`x MR©‡b Zvi eyK Kuv‡c _i_i
kvš@ n‡j A‡bK my‡L RvMvq ey‡K Pi|
P‡ii ey‡K euva‡j †m Ni cÖv‡Yi †gjvq nv‡m
kvš@ b`x hgybv †m Rxeb fv‡jvev‡m|
K. m‡b‡U Aó‡K Kx _v‡K? 1
L. ÔRyovB G Kvb Avwg åvwš@i Qj‡b!ÕÑeywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki (i) ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi †h w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡QÑZv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki (ii)-G ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi g–j †PZbvi cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q|ÓÑDw³wUi h_v_©Zv wePvi K‡iv| 4
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  8

5bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb

h m‡b‡Ui Aó‡K _v‡K fv‡ei cÖeZ©bv|
i ÔRyovB G Kvb Avwg åvwš@i Qj‡bÕ ej‡Z Kwe Avkvi Qjbvq wb‡Ri gb‡K Z…ß Kivi K_v eywS‡q‡Qb|
ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi Kwe mybvg AR©‡bi Avkvq wbR †`k I †`‡ki ms¯‹…wZ cwiZ¨vM K‡i my`–i d«v‡Ý P‡j wM‡q‡Qb| cÖevmRxe‡b
gvZ…f–wg I gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ Zuvi Zxeª AvKl©Y Abyf‚Z nq| G mgq wZwb K‡cvZv¶ b‡`i K_v †f‡e ¯§„wZKvZi n‡q c‡ob| Abyf–wZi
Mfx‡i K‡cvZv¶‡K ¯’vb †`b e‡jB Kwei g‡b nq wZwb †hb †m b`xi KjaŸwb ïb‡Qb| cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³i gva¨‡g Kwe wb‡Ri AvZ¥Z…wßi
welqwU‡KB eywS‡q‡Qb|
Dˇii g–jK_v : †`‡ki cÖwZ Mfxi fv‡jvevmvi Kvi‡Y cÖev‡m †_‡KI Kíbvq †`‡ki ¯§„wZweRwoZ K‡cvZv¶ b‡`i KjKj aŸwb Kweg‡b cÖkvwš@ G‡b
w`‡q‡Q| Avi G w`KwU †evSv‡ZB Kwe Av‡jvP¨ Dw³wU K‡i‡Qb|
j DÏxcK (i)-G ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq cÖKvwkZ AZx‡Zi ¯§„wZ-†ivgš’‡bi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq ˆkk‡ei ¯§„wZweRwiZ K‡cvZv¶‡K †K›`ª K‡i Kwei ¯§„wZKvZiZv cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| Kwe K‡cvZv¶ ZxieZ©x
mvMi`vwi MÖv‡g Zvi †Q‡j‡ejv KvwU‡q‡Qb| msMZ Kvi‡YB G b‡`i mv‡_ Zuvi GK ai‡bi AvwÍK m¤•K© ˆZwi n‡q‡Q| ZvB cÖev‡m
Ae¯’vb Ki‡jI wcÖq G b‡`i K_v wZwb gyn–‡Z©i Rb¨I we¯§„Z n‡Z cv‡ibwb|
DÏxc‡Ki ¯@eK (i)-G AZx‡Zi ¯§„wZKvZiZvi wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q| GKmgq myigv b`xi Zx‡i Kwei Avb›`gq mgq †K‡U‡Q| wKš‘ bvbv
e¨¯@Zvi Kvi‡Y ¯§„wZweRwiZ †mB ¯’vbwU‡Z eûw`b hvIqv nqwb Zvi| msMZ Kvi‡YB G KweZvs‡ki Kwe AZx‡Zi †mB gayi ¯§„wZ g‡b
K‡i Av‡eMvcÐyZ n‡q‡Qb| GKBfv‡e, Av‡jvP¨ ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq Kwe AZx‡Zi ¯§„wZ-†ivgš’b K‡i‡Qb| †mLv‡b cÖevmx Kwe
ˆkk‡ei wcÖq b` K‡cvZv¶‡K wN‡i Zuvi ü`qv‡e‡Mi ewntcÖKvk NwU‡q‡Qb| †hLv‡b †`k †_‡K eû`–‡i _vK‡jI mLviƒcx K‡cvZv¶‡K
wN‡i †Qv‡Uv‡ejvi †mvbvwj ¯§„wZ wKQy‡ZB we¯§„Z n‡Z cv‡ibwb| Gw`K we‡ePbvq, DÏxcK (i)-G ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq cÖKvwkZ
AZx‡Zi ¯§„wZ-†ivgš’‡bi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q |
Dˇii g–jK_v : ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq ˆkk‡ei ¯§„wZweRwiZ K‡cvZv¶‡K †K›`ª K‡i Kwei ¯§„wZKvZiZv cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| GKBfv‡e, DÏxc‡Ki
¯@eK (i)-GI myigv b`x‡K †K›`ª K‡i AZx‡Zi ¯§„wZKvZiZvi wPÎB dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki ¯@eK-(ii)-G ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi g–j †PZbvi cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_© bq e‡jB Avwg g‡b Kwi|
ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq Kwe K‡cvZv¶ b`‡K wN‡i ¯§„wZKvZiZvi ewntcÖKvk NwU‡q‡Qb| G b` Kwei ˆkke-ˆK‡kv‡ii ¯§„wZweRwoZ|
msMZ Kvi‡YB my`–i cÖevm Rxe‡b †_‡KI Kwe Zuvi wcÖq b`‡K †Kv‡bvfv‡eB fyj‡Z cv‡ibwb| Avi ZvB G b‡`i K_v †f‡e cÖevm Rxe‡bI
wZwb Av‡eMZvwoZ n‡q‡Qb|
DÏxc‡Ki ¯@eK-(ii)-G b`x‡Kw›`ªK RbRxeb‡K DcRxe¨ Kiv n‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg e„nr b`x hgybvi mv‡_ `yB Zx‡ii
RxebhvÎvi Awe‡”Q`¨ m¤•K©‡K Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| GiB Ask wn‡m‡e †mLv‡b mvaviY RbRxe‡bi Ici G b`xi i“`ª I †Kvgj iƒ‡ci
mxgvnxb cÖfv‡ei K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| †hLv‡b G b`xi kvš@ iƒc Avkcv‡ki RbRxe‡b cÖv‡Yi mÂvi K‡i Avevi G b`xiB i“`ª iƒc mewKQy
ZQbQ K‡i †`q|
ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi Kwe Zuvi gvZ…f‚wg‡K ü`q w`‡q fv‡jvev‡mb| Avi †m fv‡jvevmv †_‡KB wZwb K‡cvZv¶‡K AvkÖq K‡i gvZ…f‚wg
I gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ Zuvi AK…wÎg fv‡jvevmvi K_v e½evmxi Kv‡b †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| G‡¶‡Î cÖev‡m Ae¯’vb K‡iI K‡cvZv¶ b‡`i
cÖwZ Zuvi †h AbyivM, Zv g–jZ Kwei †`kvZ¡‡ev‡aiB bvgvš@i| c¶vš@‡i, DÏxc‡Ki ¯@eK-(ii)-G hgybv b`xi †Kvgj I K‡Vvi iƒc Ges
Avkcv‡ki RbRxe‡bi Ici Gi cÖfv‡ei K_v ejv n‡q‡Q, hv Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi Kwei †`kvZ¡‡eva ev ¯§„wZKvZiZvi fvebvi †_‡K
A‡bKUvB wfbœ| †m we‡ePbvq DÏxc‡Ki ¯@eK-(ii) ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi g–j †PZbv‡K aviY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki ¯@eK-(ii)-G hgybv b`xi †Kvgj I K‡Vvi iƒc Ges Avkcv‡ki RbRxe‡bi Ici Gi cÖfv‡ei K_v ejv n‡q‡Q, hv
Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi Kwei †`kvZ¡‡eva ev ¯§„wZKvZiZvi fvebv‡K aviY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|
cÖkœ  06 mvš@vnvi †ij †÷k‡b wmMb¨vj g¨vb dRy wgqvi GKgvÎ mš@vb Amy¯’| ZvB wb‡q †m MZ iv‡Z Lye e¨wZe¨¯@ wQj| Gw`‡K
ivZ 3Uvq Ôevsjvi `–ZÕ †UªbwU †÷k‡bi w`‡K †a‡q AvmwQj| GKB mgq wecixZ w`K †_‡K Avš@tbMi †Uªb G‡m co‡j wmMb¨vj bv
†`Iqvq †Uªb `ywU `yN©Ubvq KewjZ nq|
K. ÔivbviÕ KweZvq †KvbwU‡K †Quvqv hv‡e bv? 1
L. Ô`my¨i fq, Zvi †P‡q fq KLb m–h© I‡V?Õ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K dRy wgqvi Kvh©µ‡g dz‡U IVv w`KwU ÔivbviÕ KweZvq Kxfv‡e ˆemv`„‡k¨ cwiYZ n‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Ôivbv‡ii msmvi fvebv †hb dRy wgqvi msmv‡ii e¨wZe¨¯@Zv‡KI nvi gvwb‡q‡QÕ ÑÔivbviÕ KweZvi Av‡jv‡K gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
6bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h ÔivbviÕ KweZvq UvKv‡K †Quvqv hv‡e bv|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  9

i cÖ‡kœv³ PiYwUi gva¨‡g Kwe ivbv‡ii h_v mg‡q WvK †cuŠ‡Q †`Iqvi Zvovi w`KwUi cÖwZ Bw½Z K‡i‡Qb|
ivbv‡ii KvR m–‡h©v`‡qi c–‡e©B Mš@e¨¯’‡j WvK †cuŠ‡Q †`Iqv| G KvRwU Zv‡`i wbgqvbyeZ©x n‡q AZ¨š@ wbôvi mv‡_ cvjb Ki‡Z nq|
GRb¨ m–‡h©v`‡qi c–‡e© Zvi Mš@‡e¨ †cŠuQv‡Z nq| Ab¨_vq Zv `vwq‡Z¡ Ae‡njv e‡j MY¨ n‡e; hv Zvi Rxeb I RxweKvi Ici †bwZevPK
cÖfve †dj‡e| ZvB mgqg‡Zv KvR †kl Ki‡Z bv cvivi e¨_©Zvi K_v †f‡e Zviv m–h© IVvi welqwU wb‡q wPwš@Z _v‡K|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ivbv‡ii KvR m–‡h©v`‡qi c–‡e©B Mš@e¨¯’‡j WvK †cuŠ‡Q †`Iqv| ZvB mgqg‡Zv KvR †kl Ki‡Z bv cvivi e¨_©Zvi K_v †f‡e Zviv m–h©
IVvi welqwU wb‡q wPwš@Z _v‡K|
j DÏxc‡K dRy wgqvi Kvh©µ‡g dz‡U IVv w`KwU `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b Ae‡njvi w`K †_‡K ÔivbviÕ KweZvq ˆemv`„‡k¨ cwiYZ n‡q‡Q|
ÔivbviÕ KweZvq ivbv‡ii Kg©KvÊ Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| ivbvi AZ¨š@ b¨vqcivqY, cwikÖgx I `vwqZ¡kxj| `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b ivbvi †Kv‡bv
Ae‡njv K‡i bv| ivbvi Rv‡b Zvi Kuv‡a A‡bK gvby‡li myL-`yt‡Li Lei Av‡Q| GgbwK A‡b‡Ki UvKv-cqmvI Av‡Q| GMy‡jv h_vmg‡q
wbw`©ó e¨w³i nv‡Z †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z n‡e| GRb¨ ivbvi e„_v mgq bó bv K‡i m¤§yLcv‡b Qy‡U hvq|
DÏxc‡Ki dRy wgqv Zvi `vwq‡Z¡i cÖwZ kÖ×vkxj bb| KviY Zvi `vwqZ¡ wZwb h_vh_fv‡e cvjb K‡ibwb| Zvi GKgvÎ mš@vb Amy¯’|
G welqwU wZwb Ab¨ †Kv‡bvfv‡eI mgvavb Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb| wKš‘ wZwb Zv bv K‡i ¯^xq `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b e¨_©Zvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Q| hv ÔivbviÕ
KweZvq ivbv‡ii Kg©Kv‡Êi m¤•–Y© wecixZ| Zvi KvRwU ivbv‡ii Kv‡Ri ˆemv`„k¨Zv cÖgvY K‡i| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡K dRy wgqvi
Kvh©µ‡g dz‡U IVv w`KwU `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b Ae‡njvi w`K †_‡K ÔivbviÕ KweZvq ˆemv`„‡k¨ cwiYZ n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ÔivbviÕ KweZvi ivbvi AZ¨š@ b¨vqcivqY, cwikÖgx I `vwqZ¡kxj| c¶vš@‡i, DÏxc‡Ki dRy wgqv Zvi `vwq‡Z¡i cÖwZ kÖ×vkxj bb|
hv ÔivbviÕ KweZvq ivbv‡ii Kg©Kv‡Êi m¤•–Y© wecixZ|
k Òivbv‡ii msmvi fvebv †hb dRy wgqvi msmv‡ii e¨wZe¨¯@Zv‡KI nvi gvwb‡q‡QÓÑÔivbviÕ KweZvi Av‡jv‡K gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔivbviÕ KweZvq ivbv‡ii Kg©Kv‡Êi cvkvcvwk Zvi mvsmvwiK Rxe‡bi wPÎI dz‡U I‡V‡Q| ivbvi AZ¨š@ Aí UvKvq WvKniKivi KvR
K‡i| G Kv‡Ri cvwikÖwgK Kg n‡jI cwikÖg I `vqe×Zv AZ¨š@ †ewk| mgqg‡Zv wPwVcÎ wbw`©ó wVKvbvq †cuŠQv‡Z nq| Rxe‡bi LuywK
wb‡q UvKvi †evSv enb Ki‡Z nq| ivbv‡ii msmv‡i Pig Afve-AbUb _vKv m‡Ë¡I D³ UvKv †m Qu‡y qI †`‡L bv| KviY A‡b¨i UvKv LiP
Kivi †Kv‡bv AwaKvi Zvi †bB|
DÏxc‡Ki dRy wgqv †ij †÷k‡bi wmMb¨vjg¨vb| Zvi GKgvÎ mš@vb Amy¯’ n‡j †m Amy¯’ mš@vb‡K wb‡q e¨¯@ n‡q c‡o| d‡j †m
wmMb¨vjg¨v‡bi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z e¨_© nq| ivZ wZbUvi w`‡K †Kv‡bv wmMb¨vj bv _vKvq `ywU †Uªb `yw`K †_‡K †a‡q Av‡m Ges gy‡LvgywL
msN‡l© †Uªb `ywU `yN©Ubvq KewjZ nq| DÏxc‡Ki dRy wgqvi `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b Ae‡njv Kivi Kvi‡YB g–jZ D³ `yN©Ubv N‡U|
DÏxc‡Ki dRy wgqvi msmv‡ii e¨wZe¨¯@Zvi †P‡q ÔivbviÕ KweZvi ivbv‡ii e¨wZe¨¯@Zv A‡bK †ewk| dRy wgqv Zvi Amy¯’ mš@v‡bi
Rb¨ h_vh_fv‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| wKš‘ ivbvi Zvi `vwqZ¡ h_vh_vfv‡eB cvjb K‡i‡Q| Zvi msmv‡i Afve-AbUb i‡q‡Q
wKš‘ UvKvi †evSv †_‡K †m †Kv‡bv UvKv AvÍmvr K‡iwb; eis `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi gva¨‡g †h cvwikÖwgK cv‡e Zv w`‡qB ivbvi Zvi mvsmvwiK
cÖ‡qvRb †gUvq| g–jZ ivbvi Zvi mvsmvwiK Afve-AbUb `–i Kivi Rb¨B mwVKfv‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Q| G `„wó‡KvY †_‡K ejv hvq,
ivbv‡ii msmvi fvebv †hb dRy wgqvi msmv‡ii e¨wZe¨¯@Zv‡KI nvi gvwb‡q‡Q| myZivs cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_v_© e‡jB cÖZxqgvb nq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Òivbv‡ii msmvi fvebv †hb dRy wgqvi msmv‡ii e¨wZe¨¯@Zv‡KI nvi gvwb‡q‡QÓÑÔivbviÕ KweZvi Av‡jv‡K gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
cÖkœ  07 gv‡qi cvMj †QvÆ †LvKv
gv‡qi wc‡Q K‡i NyivNywi,
wkky abwU mviv †ejv
gv‡qi AuvPj _vK‡Zv awi|
GKUz e‡ov n‡jv hLb
Av¤§v Aaxi †LvKvi Rb¨,
cov‡jLv †klUv K‡i
KLb wd‡i Ki‡e ab¨|
K. Kx‡mi evZv‡m mycvwii eb †n‡j c‡o? 1
L. ÔDËi w`‡Z `ytwLbx gv‡qi wØMyY evwoZ R¡vjv|ÕÑeywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki fve¯‘‡Z dz‡U IVv w`KwU ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq Kxfv‡e cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔDÏxc‡Ki D³ fvewU ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq wfbœ cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡QÓÑDw³wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
7bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h ev`yo cvLvi evZv‡m mycvwii eb †n‡j c‡o|
i `wi`ªZvi Kvi‡Y †Q‡j‡K †gjvq cvVv‡Z e¨_© nIqvq `ywLbx gv‡qi DËi w`‡Z R¡vjv wØMyY †e‡o hvq|
Mwie cwjÐgvZv †Q‡ji me Ave`vi c–iY Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| Avo‡Oi w`‡b Kwig I AvwRR †gjvq †M‡jI Avw_©K AbU‡bi Kvi‡Y wb‡Ri
†Q‡j‡K †h‡Z w`‡Z cv‡ibwb gv| †Q‡j‡K wZwb †evSvb, gymjgv‡bi Avo‡O †h‡Z †bB| wb‡Ri Ggb A¶gZvq `ywLbx gv‡qi Aš@‡ii
R¡vjv †hb wØMyY †e‡o hvq| ZvB wZwb †Q‡ji DËi w`‡Z e¨w_Z nb|
Dˇii g–jK_v : `vwi‡`ª¨i Kvi‡Y cwj­Rbbx †Q‡j‡K †gjvq cvVv‡Z cv‡ibwb| wKš‘ †Q‡j‡K wg‡_¨ e‡j `gv‡Z PvB‡j †Q‡ji nvRv‡iv cÖ‡kœi DËi
w`‡Z gv‡qi R¡vjv †e‡o hvq|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  10

j DÏxc‡Ki fvee¯‘‡Z dz‡U IVv w`KwU Ôcwj­RbbxÕ KweZvq mš@v‡bi Rb¨ gv‡qi †øn I e¨vKzjZvi ga¨ w`‡q cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
gv ÔkãwU AZ¨š@ gayi| gv wbt¯^v_©fv‡e mš@vb‡K fv‡jvev‡mb| mš@v‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvR‡b Rxeb w`‡ZI gv-evev KzwÉZ nb bv| e¯‘Z,
c„w_ex‡Z gv‡qi †P‡q Avcb Avi †KD †bB| Avi ZvB †Kv‡bvwKQyi m‡½B gvZ…‡ø‡ni Zzjbv nq bv| cÖ‡Z¨‡KB gv‡qi Kv‡Q me‡P‡q †ewk
FYx| gv Zvi †mœn-fv‡jvevmv w`‡q mš@vb‡K ax‡i ax‡i e‡ov K‡i †Zv‡jb|
DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡ki ggZvgqx gv †LvKv‡K ü`q w`‡q fv‡jvev‡mb| GKBfv‡e, †LvKvI gv‡qi †øn”Qvqvq _vK‡Z fv‡jvevmZ| wKš‘
GKmgq †LvKv e‡ov n‡q cov‡kvbv Ki‡Z GjvKvi evB‡i cv evovq| †mmgq †_‡K gv wcÖq mš@v‡bi Rb¨ Aaxi AvMÖ‡n A‡c¶v K‡i K‡e
†LvKv cov‡kvbv †kl K‡i gv‡qi Kv‡Q wd‡i Avm‡e| GKBfv‡e, ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvqI †`Lv hvq, mÜv n‡q G‡j †Q‡j evwo †d‡iwb e‡j
Zvi cÖZx¶vq gv e¨vKzj n‡q c‡o| kyay ZvB bq, Amy¯’ †Q‡ji my¯’Zvi Rb¨ cÖZx¶viZ gv‡qi bvbvgyLx k¼vI †mB e¨vKzjZviB
ewntcÖKvk| †m we‡ePbvq, DÏxc‡Ki fvee¯‘‡Z dz‡U IVv mš@v‡bi Rb¨ cÖZx¶vi w`KwU Ôcwj­RbbxÕ KweZvq mš@v‡bi Rb¨ gv‡qi †øn
I e¨vKzjZvi ga¨ w`‡q cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡K gv‡qi cÖZx¶vi †h w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Zv Ôcwj­RbbxÕ KweZvi gv‡qi mš@v‡bi Rb¨ e¨vKzjZvi ga¨ w`‡q cÖwZdwjZ
n‡q‡Q|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki D³ fvewU Ôcwj­RbbxÕ KweZvq wfbœ cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|ÓÑ Dw³wU h_v_© e‡jB Avwg g‡b Kwi|
gv‡qi g‡Zv ggZvgqx Avi †KD †bB| mš@vb †Qv‡Uv ev e‡ov †nvK, gv‡qi †mœn KL‡bv K‡g hvq bv| me Ag½j †_‡K gv mš@vb‡K
AvM‡j ivL‡Z Pvb| Zvi mKj PvIqv-cvIqv c–iY Kivi †Póv K‡ib| A‡bK AvÍZ¨v‡Mi wewbg‡q gv mš@vb‡K Kó K‡i gvbyl K‡ib|
Avi ZvB gvZ…‡ø‡ni †Kv‡bv Zzjbv nq bv|
DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡k †øngqx GK gv‡qi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| mš@vb‡K wZwb AMva †ø‡n e‡ov K‡i‡Qb| †Zgwb †Q‡jI wQj gv‡qi cÖwZ
Abyi³| Z‡e e‡ov n‡q †Q‡j kn‡i †jLvcov Ki‡Z †M‡j gv‡qi gb Zvi Rb¨ me mgq e¨vKzj n‡q _v‡K| ZvB †Q‡j †jLvcov †kl K‡i
K‡e Zvi Kv‡Q wd‡i Avm‡e †mRb¨ wZwb cÖZx¶v K‡i Av‡Qb| mš@v‡bi Rb¨ gv‡qi Ggb Aaxi cÖZx¶v I e¨vKzjZvi w`KwU Av‡jvP¨
KweZvqI GKBfv‡e cwijw¶Z nq|
Ôcwj­RbbxÕ KweZvq Ges DÏxc‡K †Q‡ji Rb¨ gv‡qi Aaxi cÖZx¶v Ges e¨vKzjZvi K_v ewY©Z n‡jI Dfq‡¶‡Î cwiw¯’wZ wQj wfbœ|
G‡¶‡Î DÏxc‡Ki gv A‡c¶v Ki‡Qb K‡e Zvi wcÖq †LvKv †jLvcov †kl K‡i evwo wd‡i Avm‡e| c¶vš@‡i, Ôcwj­RbbxÕ KweZvq gv
A‡c¶v Ki‡Q Zvi i“M&Y †Q‡j KLb my¯’ n‡q DV‡e †mB cÖZ¨vkvq| G‡¶‡Î Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi cwjÐgv Ges DÏxc‡Ki †LvKvi gv Df‡qi
gv‡S cÖZx¶vi welqwU cwijw¶Z n‡jI Dfq‡¶‡Î Gi †cÖ¶vcU wQj wfbœ| †mw`K wePv‡i cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³wU h_v_© e‡jB g‡b nq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxcK I Ôcwj­RbbxÕ KweZvq ggZvgqx gv‡qi K_v _vK‡jI †cÖ¶vcU GK bq| welqe¯‘i wePv‡i GB `yR‡bi cÖZx¶vi KviY I cwiw¯’wZ
wfbœ wfbœ|
cÖkœ  08 (i) nvwi‡q †Mj me wcÖqRb
wb‡q †M‡jv gnvgvwi‡Z,
AvKvk evZvm n‡q hvq fvix
eyK fvOv AvnvRvwi‡Z|
(ii) hw` GwM‡q †h‡Z cvI fq
Zvn‡j Zzwg †kl,
hw` mvn‡m I‡Vv M‡R©
Z‡e mvevk evsjv‡`k|
K. eyavi cv‡qi Kv‡Q Kx c‡o _v‡K? 1
L. eyav †bvjK eyqvi mv‡_ †h‡Z Pvqwb †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxcK (i)-G dz‡U IVv w`KwU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m Kxfv‡e cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxcK (ii) †hb eyavi GKvš@ †PZbvi cÖwZdjbÑKvKZvo~qv Dcb¨v‡mi Av‡jv‡K Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
8bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h eyavi cv‡qi Kv‡Q giv kvgy‡Ki †Lvj c‡o _v‡K|
i eyav kΓi mv‡_ jovB Kivi Rb¨ MÖv‡g _vK‡Z Pvq, †bvjK eyqvi mv‡_ MÖvg †Q‡o †h‡Z Pvq bv|
cvwK¯@vwb evwnbxi nvgjvq hLb cy‡iv MÖv‡gi gvbyl fxZz, ZLb eyavi †Pv‡L R¦‡j cÖwZ‡kv‡ai AvMyb| eyav fxi“‡`i `‡j bq| †m mvnmx I
†`k‡cÖwgK| †m Zvi MÖvg‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨ MÖv‡g Ae¯’vb K‡i cvwK¯@vwb evwnbxi mv‡_ jo‡Z Pvq| ZvB †m †bvjK eyqvi mv‡_ MÖvg
†Q‡o †h‡Z Pvq bv|
Dˇii g–jK_v : eyav MÖv‡g Ae¯’vb K‡i cvwK¯@vwb evwnbxi mv‡_ jo‡Z Pvq| ZvB †m †bvjK eyqvi mv‡_ MÖvg †Q‡o †h‡Z Pvq bv|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  11

j DÏxcK (i)-G dz‡U IVv ¯^Rbnviv nIqvi w`KwU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m K‡jivi cÖ‡Kv‡c GK iv‡Zi g‡a¨ eyavi cwiev‡ii mevB‡K
nviv‡bvi ga¨ w`‡q cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m ewY©Z eyav †Pv‡Li mvg‡b K‡jivq Avµvš@ n‡q cwiev‡ii mevB‡K g„Zy¨eiY Ki‡Z †`‡L‡Q| mevB‡K nvwi‡q †m
AvR wbt¯^| Jcb¨vwm‡Ki fvlvq cy‡iv evwoUvB †hb Zvi mvg‡b ¯@ä n‡q †M‡Q| gvÎ GK iv‡Zi e¨eav‡b evev-gv, Pvi fvB-†ev‡bi
my‡Li msmvi aŸsm n‡q †M‡Q| msMZ Kvi‡YB NUbvi AvKw¯§KZvq †kv‡K ¯@ä n‡q hvq eyav|
DÏxcK (i)-Gi KweZvs‡k ¯^Rb nviv‡bvi gg©š‘` Kvwnwb wea„Z n‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b †`Lv hvq, †Kv‡bv GK gnvgvwii cÖ‡Kv‡c Kwei mKj
wcÖqRb gviv hvb| †Pv‡Li mvg‡b Gfv‡e wcÖqRb‡`i nvwi‡q AvnvRvwi‡Z †f‡O c‡ob wZwb| GKBfv‡e, ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mI
Jcb¨vwmK K‡jivi cÖ‡Kv‡c wK‡kvi eyavi cwievi nviv‡bvi `ytLgq NUbvi K_v D‡jÐL K‡i‡Qb| A_©vr cwievi nvwi‡q myLxRxeb †_‡K
Aí mg‡qi e¨eav‡bB wbt¯^ n‡q hvq Zviv| G we‡ePbvq, DÏxcK (i)-G dz‡U IVv ¯^Rbnviv nIqvi w`KwU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m K‡jivi
cÖ‡Kv‡c GK iv‡Zi g‡a¨ eyavi cwiev‡ii mKj‡K nviv‡bvi ga¨ w`‡q cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxcK (i)-Gi KweZvs‡k ¯^Rb nviv‡bvi gg©š‘` Kvwnwb wea„Z n‡q‡Q| msMZ Kvi‡YB GLv‡b dz‡U IVv ¯^Rbnviv nIqvi w`KwU
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m K‡jivi cÖ‡Kv‡c eyavi cwievi nviv‡bvi ga¨ w`‡q cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
k ÒDÏxcK-(ii) †hb eyavi GKvš@ †PZbvi cÖwZdjb|ÓÑ Dw³wU h_v_© e‡jB Avwg g‡b Kwi|
1971 mv‡ji gnvb gyw³hy‡×i mgq ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi g‡Zv AMwYZ wK‡kvi gyw³‡hv×v MyiyZ¡c–Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q| G‡`i
†KD mivmwi hy× K‡i‡Q| †KD gyw³‡hv×v‡`i A¯¿ mieivn K‡i mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Q| †KDev †Mwijv hy‡× AskMÖnY K‡i‡Q| AMva
†`k‡cÖg Ges †`k‡K kΓgy³ Kivi HKvwš@K B”QvB Zv‡`i gyw³hy‡× AskMÖn‡Yi KviY|
DÏxcK-(ii)-Gi KweZvs‡k †`kgvZvi µvwš@Kv‡j mvnmx f‚wgKv ivLvi Rb¨ †cÖiYv †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b ejv n‡q‡QÑ Ôhw` Zzwg fq
cvI Zvn‡j Zzwg †kl, Avi hw` mvnmx n‡q iy‡L `uvovI Zvn‡j Zzwg evsjv‡`k|Õ A_©vr fq bv †c‡q mvnwmKZvi m‡½ msMÖvg Ki‡j Rq
Avm‡eB| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡g hviv AskMÖnY K‡iwQj Zviv KL‡bv fq cvqwb, eis †`k‡K kΓg³ y Kivi cÖZ¨‡q msMÖvgx
f‚wgKvq AeZxY© n‡q‡Q| Zv‡`i Ggb †`kv͇eva I mvnmx f‚wgKvi Kvi‡YB Avgiv †c‡qwQ Kvw¸¶Z ¯^vaxbZv|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi cÖavb PwiÎ eyav bv‡gi GK GwZg wK‡kvi| G Dcb¨v‡m mvnmx GB wK‡kvi gyw³‡hv×v exi‡Z¡i m‡½ cvwK¯@vwb
evwnbx‡K †gvKvwejv K‡i‡Q| gvBb cyu‡Z †m cvwK¯@vwb †mbvevwnbx‡K LZg K‡i w`‡q‡Q| GQvovI †`kv͇ev‡a D¾xweZ n‡q GKvB
ivRvKvi‡`i weiy‡× †m iy‡L `uvwo‡q‡Q, †hgbwU DÏxcK-(ii)-Gi KweZvs‡k cÖZ¨vkv Kiv n‡q‡Q| A_©vr DÏxcK-(ii) †hb wK‡kvi
gyw³‡hv×v eyavi AKz‡Zvfq g‡bvfve I †`kv͇ev‡aiB cÖwZdjb| G we‡ePbvq, cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³wU h_v_©|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxcK-(ii)-Gi KweZvs‡k fq bv †c‡q mvnwmKZvi m‡½ msMÖvg Kivi Rb¨ Rb¨ †cÖiYv †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| GB †PZbv‡K aviY K‡iB
eyav kΓ‡mbv‡`i wei“‡× msMÖvgx f‚wgKvq AeZxY© n‡q‡Q|
cÖkœ  09 K‡ivbv fvBiv‡m Avµvš@ n‡q gvÎ K‡qKw`‡bi e¨eav‡b ivwR‡bi gv-evev Ges GKgvÎ †evb g„Zz¨eiY K‡i| Gi d‡j `k
eQ‡ii ivwRb G‡Kev‡i wbtm½ n‡q c‡o| †Pv‡Li mvg‡b cwiRb‡`i g„Zz¨ Zv‡K nZwenŸj K‡i †Zv‡j| AvÍxq-¯^Rb‡`i Ki“Yvi cvÎ n‡q
Zv‡K GLb RxebmsMÖvg Ki‡Z n‡”Q|
K. Muv‡qi †jvK eyav‡K Kx bv‡g Wv‡K? 1
L. Avnv` gywÝi †PvL Kcv‡j I‡V †Kb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki ivwR‡bi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mv`„k¨c–Y© PwiÎwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔDÏxc‡Ki ivwR‡bi RxebmsMÖvg Ges ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi msMÖvgx Rxeb GK bq|ÓÑgš@e¨wUi †hŠw³KZv wePvi K‡iv| 4
9bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h Muv‡qi †jvK eyav‡K KvKZvo~qv bv‡g Wv‡K|
i eyavi gyL †_‡K hy× kãUv ï‡b Avnv` gywÝi †PvL Kcv‡j D‡V|
gyw³hy× ïi“ n‡j MÖv‡gi †Pqvig¨vb Avnv` gywÝ kvwš@ KwgwU‡Z †hvM †`q| wKš‘ ¯^vaxbZvwe‡ivax Avnv` gywÝi Kv‡Q hy× kãUv ZvB
AvZ‡¼i g‡Zv| GKw`b iv¯@vq eyavi mv‡_ Zvi †`Lv n‡j eyavi mij †Pnviv †`‡L Zvi gvqv nq| nvwmgy‡L bvg wR‡Ám Ki‡j eyav e‡j
Zvi bvg hy×| eyavi gyL †_‡K G kãUv ï‡b Avnv` gywÝi †PvL Kcv‡j D‡V hvq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ¯^vaxbZvwe‡ivax Avnv` gywÝi Kv‡Q hy× kãUv ZvB AvZ‡¼i g‡Zv| ZvB eyavi gyL †_‡K hy× kãUv ï‡b Avnv` gywÝi †PvL Kcv‡j
D‡VwQj|
j DÏxc‡Ki ivwR‡bi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mv`„k¨c–Y© PwiÎwU n‡jv eyav|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m eyavi cwiev‡ii mevB K‡jiv gnvgvwi‡Z gviv hvq| cwiev‡ii mevB‡K nvwi‡q eyav fxlY †kvKvnZ nq| Zvi PvwP
Zv‡K mvgwqK Avkªq †`q| PvwPi wewfbœ KU‚ K_vq ivM K‡i evwo †_‡K P‡j hvq| QbœQvov n‡q †hLv‡b-†mLv‡b Ny‡i †eovq| A‡bK K‡ó
eyavi Rxeb AwZevwnZ nq| eyav gvby‡li evwo‡Z ev evRv‡i Lvev‡ii wewbg‡q KvR K‡i| Gfv‡eB eûK‡ó eyavi w`b Kv‡U|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  12

DÏxc‡K ivwR‡bi evev-gv I †evb K‡ivbv fvBiv‡m gviv hvq| †Pv‡Li mvg‡b mevB‡K gviv †h‡Z †`‡L ivwRb †kv‡K †hb cv_i n‡q hvq|
mevB‡K nvwi‡q ivwRb AZ¨š@ Amnvq n‡q c‡o| KviI Kv‡Q †m ¯’vqxfv‡e AvkÖq cvqwb| AvÍxq-¯^Rb‡`i Kv‡Q †Kv‡bv mnvbyf‚wZ
cvqwb| †KD Zv‡K †ø‡ni e܇b Kv‡Q †U‡b †bqwb| Ggb m¼UKvjxb gyn–‡Z© ivwRb AvÍxq-¯^Rb‡`i Kv‡Q Ki“Yvi cv‡Î cwiYZ nq|
ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki ivwR‡bi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mv`„k¨c–Y© PwiÎwU n‡jv eyav|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m eyavi cwiev‡ii mevB K‡jiv gnvgvwi‡Z gviv hvq| GKBfv‡e DÏxc‡K ivwR‡bi evev-gv I †evb K‡ivbv
fvBiv‡m gviv hvq| Gw`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki ivwR‡bi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mv`„k¨c–Y© PwiÎwU n‡jv eyav|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki ivwR‡bi Rxeb msMÖvg Ges ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi msMÖvgx Rxeb GK bq|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav K‡jiv gnvgvwi‡Z cwiev‡ii mevB‡K nvwi‡q wbt¯^ nq| AvcbRb †KD bv _vKvq eyav cwievi †_‡K m¤•–Y©
wew”Qbœ n‡q hvq| PvwPi iƒp e¨env‡i eyav PvwPi evwo Z¨vM K‡i ¯^vaxbfv‡e wewfbœ ¯’v‡b wePiY K‡i †eovq| eyav GwZg n‡jI KviI
Ki“Yv cÖZ¨vkx wQj bv| RxweKvi Rb¨ †m UzwKUvwK KvR K‡i‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki ivwRb K‡ivbv fvBiv‡m cwiev‡ii mevB‡K nvwi‡q‡Q| GwZg n‡q †m eûK‡ó w`bvwZcvZ Ki‡Q| †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ Zv‡K
AvÍxq-mš^R‡bi Kv‡Q Ki“Yvi cvÎ n‡Z n‡q‡Q| GKwU AcÖZ¨vwkZ `yN©Ubv Zvi RxebUv‡K wQbœwfbœ K‡i w`‡q‡Q| †Pv‡Li mvg‡b
AvcbRb‡`i g„Zz¨ Zv‡K Mfxifv‡e †kvKvnZ K‡i‡Q| Zvi RxebUv AZ¨š@ Amnvq n‡q c‡o‡Q| Gfv‡eB Zv‡K GLb Rxeb msMÖvg Ki‡Z n‡”Q|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav gyw³hy‡× †hvM w`‡q‡Q| cvKnvbv`vi evwnbxi AZ¨vPv‡i †m AwZó n‡q cÖwZ‡kvacivqY n‡q I‡V| GRb¨ †m
kvnveywχbi m‡½ gyw³evwnbx‡Z †hvM †`q| wgwjUvwi K¨v‡¤• †iwK Kiv, Avnv` gywÝi evwo‡Z AvMyb †`Iqv, ev¼v‡i gvBb cyu‡Z ivLvi
g‡Zv `ytmvnwmK KvR eyav m¤•bœ K‡i‡Q| Gme Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g eyavi Rxe‡b msMÖvgx †PZbv dz‡U I‡V‡Q| wKš‘ DÏxc‡Ki ivwR‡bi †¶‡Î
Ggb †Kv‡bv NUbvB N‡Uwb| ivwR‡bi Rxe‡b †Kej RxweKvi Rb¨ msMÖv‡gi w`KwU I‡V G‡m‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq, cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
Dˇii g–jK_v : GKvKx wU‡K _vKvi jovB QvovI eyav †`k‡K kΓgy³ Ki‡Z gyw³hy‡× Ask wb‡q‡Q| DÏxc‡Ki ivwR‡bi †¶‡Î GgbwU N‡Uwb|
cÖkœ  10 ¯¿xi Abv_ †Qv‡Uv †evb wK‡kvix Av‡jvi `vwqZ¡ c‡o kwd †gvjÐvi Ici| Gw`‡K m`¨ wecZœxK †cŠp e‡ov fvB g›Uz †gvjÐvi
msmvi mvgjv‡bv Ges †mevh‡Zœi Rb¨ †jv‡KiI cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| Ggb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z kwd †gvjÐvi e‡ov fvB‡qi mv‡_ k¨vwjKvi weevn w¯’i
K‡ib| wKš‘ Zuvi ¯¿x Avwe`v G‡Z cÖwZev` K‡ib Ges †evb‡K wb‡q iv‡M I `yt‡L evwo †_‡K †ewi‡q hvq|
K. ewncx‡ii †bŠKv nv‡Zg Avwji eRivi mv‡_ †Kvb ¯’v‡b av°v †j‡MwQj? 1
L. Ô`ywbqvwU mZ¨B KwVb cix¶v †¶ÎÕÑe¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki kwd †gvjÐv ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †h Pwi‡Îi m‡½ ˆemv`„k¨c–Y© Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔDÏxc‡Ki Avwe`v j¶¨nxb n‡jI ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg j¶¨nxb bqÕÑDw³wUi h_v_©Zv wbi–cY K‡iv| 4
10bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h ewncx‡ii †bŠKv †Wgivi Nv‡U nv‡Zg Avwji eRivi mv‡_ av°v †j‡MwQj|
i cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³wU Øviv ewncxi `ywbqvi KwVb ev¯@eZv‡K †evSv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb|
nv‡Zg Avwj GKRb ¶wqòz Rwg`vi| GLb G Ae¯’vq Zv‡K msMÖvg K‡i †eu‡P _vK‡Z nq| Avi wec‡` hw` wb‡Ri me©¯^I nvwi‡q hvq,
Zv‡Z ˆah© ai‡Z nq| KviY ˆah© gvby ‡li GKwU gnr MyY| g–jZ Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwj‡K mvš@¡bv †`Iqvi Rb¨B ewncxi cÖ ‡kœv³ K_vwU e‡jwQ‡jb|
Dˇii g–jK_v : cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³wU Øviv ewncxi `ywbqvi KwVb ev¯@eZv‡K †evSv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb|
j DÏxc‡Ki kwd †gvjÐv ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡Zg Avwj Pwi‡Îi m‡½ ˆemv`„k¨c–Y©|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwj AZ¨š@ gvbweKZv‡evam¤•bœ GKRb gvbyl| LvRbv cwi‡kva Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j Zvi Rwg`vwi wbjv‡g
IVvi Dcµg nq| LvRbvi UvKv †hvMvo Kivi Rb¨ nv‡Zg Avwj w`‡knviv n‡q c‡o| Avi G my‡hvMwU Kv‡R jvMvq ewncxi| ewncxi
Avw_©K mvnv‡h¨i cÖ‡jvfb †`wL‡q Zv‡niv‡K ¯¿x wn‡m‡e †c‡Z Pvq| wKš‘ nv‡Zg Avwj Zv‡nivi fwel¨‡Zi K_v †f‡e ewncx‡ii cÖ¯@ve
cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib|
DÏxc‡Ki kwd †gvjÐvi Ici Zvi Abv_ k¨vwjKvi fiY-†cvl‡Yi `vwqZ¡ c‡o| kwd †gvjÐvi †cÖŠp e‡ov fvB g›Uz †gvjÐvi msmvi mvgjv‡bvi
Rb¨ †jv‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| GRb¨ kwd †gvjÐv Zvi k¨vwjKvi mv‡_ g›Uz †gvjÐvi we‡q wVK K‡i| wKš‘ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Rwg`vi nv‡Zg
Avwj Zv‡niv‡K ewncx‡ii nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡Z m¤§Z nbwb| DÏxc‡Ki kwd †gvjÐvi g‡Zv nv‡Zg Avwj Zv‡niv‡K wec`MÖ¯@ K‡iwb| ZvB
ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki kwd †gvjÐv ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡Zg Avwj Pwi‡Îi mv‡_ ˆemv`„k¨c–Y©|
Dˇii g–jK_v : gvbweK‡eva I `vwqZ¡kxj f‚wgKvi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki kwd †gvjÐv ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡Zg Avwj Pwi‡Îi m‡½ ˆemv`„k¨c–Y©|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki Avwe`v j¶¨nxb n‡jI ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg j¶¨nxb bq|ÓÑDw³wU h_v_©|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwji Rxe‡bi j¶¨ wQj †cÖ‡mi e¨emv Kivi| Zvi evevi Rwg`vwi wbjv‡g IVvi Dcµg n‡j UvKvi Afv‡e
mv‡ai ¯^cœ †f‡O hvq| Z‡e nv‡kg Avwj AvkvnZ nbwb| †jLvcov K‡i wkw¶Z nIqvi Kvi‡Y Ab¨ †h-†Kv‡bv †ckvq RxweKv wbe©vn Kivi
`„p cÖZ¨q e¨³ K‡i‡Q| AZtci ewncx‡ii nvZ †_‡K Zv‡niv‡K euvPv‡Z bZzb Rxe‡bi c‡_I cv evwo‡q‡Qb|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  13

DÏxc‡Ki Avwe`vi †evb Av‡jvi mv‡_ wecZœxK g›Uz †gvjÐvi we‡q wVK Kiv nq| Avi G we‡q wVK K‡i Avwe`vi ¯^vgx kwd †gvjÐv| Avwe`v
Zvi †ev‡bi G Amg we‡q †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡iwb| GRb¨ Avwe`v ¯^vgxi Kg©Kv‡Êi cÖwZev` K‡i| Ae‡k‡l Zvi †evb Av‡jv‡K mv‡_ wb‡q
iv‡M I `yt‡L ¯^vgxi evwo †_‡K †ewi‡q hvq|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwji Rxe‡bi j¶¨ mywbw`©ó| Zv‡niv‡K ewncx‡ii nvZ †_‡K i¶v K‡i nv‡kg Avwj Zv‡nivi Rxe‡bi AwbðqZvi
w`KwU Mfxifv‡e fv‡eb| wZwb Zv‡niv‡K we‡q Kivi wm×vš@ †bb| Zv‡nivi nvZ a‡i bZzb Mš@‡e¨ hvIqvi welqwU nv‡kg Avwji j¶¨nxb
†Kv‡bv wm×vš@ wQj bv| c¶vš@‡i DÏxc‡Ki Avwe`v ¯^vgxi evwo †_‡K †ewi‡q wM‡q j¶¨nxb n‡q c‡o‡Q| KviY †m GLb †Kv_vq hv‡e, Kx
Ki‡e Zv wKQzB Rv‡b bv| ZvB cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki Avwe`v j¶nxb n‡jI ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg j¶¨nxb bq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Zv‡nivi nvZ a‡i bZzb Mš@‡e¨ hvIqvi welqwU nv‡kg Avwji j¶¨nxb †Kv‡bv wm×vš@ wQj bv| c¶vš@‡i DÏxc‡Ki Avwe`v ¯^vgxi
evwo †_‡K †ewi‡q wM‡q j¶¨nxb n‡q c‡o‡Q|
cÖkœ  11 i–cvi evev gwne, mv‡ne Avjx wc‡ii GKRb AÜf³| AvR wci mv‡ne i–cv‡`i evmvq G‡m‡Qb| wci mv‡ne Avm‡j i–cvi
gv †ibyKv †eMg wc‡ii Aviv‡g _vKvi e¨e¯’vmn cQ›`bxq Lvevi ˆZwi‡Z AZ¨š@ e¨¯@ n‡q hvb| mܨv‡ejv i–cv Qv‡` gv_v Ny‡i c‡o
hvq| N‡i G‡m wKQy¶Y c‡i my¯’ n‡q I‡V| wKš‘ welqwU wci mv‡n‡ei Kvb ch©š@ †cuŠ‡Q †M‡Q| i–cv‡K N‡i wb‡q G‡m wci mv‡ne
SvodzuK w`‡Z _v‡Kb| G‡Z i–cv †i‡M wM‡q e‡j, Avwg Wv³v‡ii Kv‡Q hv‡ev|
K. Ôm–h©v¯@ AvBbÕ Kx? 1
L. Ô†Lv`vi †f` †evSv mZ¨B gykwKj|ÕцKb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †h we‡kl w`KwUi Bw½Z i‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki i–cv cÖwZev` Ki‡jI †m ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki ÔZv‡nivÕ bq|ÓцhŠw³KZv wePvi K‡iv| 4
11bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h m–h©v¯@ AvBb n‡jv Ggb GKwU AvBb †h AvB‡b wba©vwiZ w`‡b m–h© A¯@wgZ nIqvi c–‡e©B miKvwi ivR¯^ cwi‡kva Ki‡Z nq|
i eRiv Avi †bŠKvi m‡½ av°v jvMvq `yN©Ubvi Ke‡j c‡oI gi‡Z gi‡Z †eu‡P hvIqvq ewncxi e‡jb, Ô†Lv`vi †f` †evSv mZ¨B
gykwKj|Õ
S‡oi mgq eRiv Avi †bŠKv GKB m‡½ Lv‡ji †fZi †XvKvi †Póv K‡i Ges ZLb †bŠKv I eRivi g‡a¨ av°v jv‡M| av°v †L‡q †bŠKvUv Avav
†Wvev n‡q hvq| Avi ewncxi `yN©Ubvi Ke‡j co‡j gi‡Z gi‡Z eRivq AvkÖq †c‡q †eu‡P hvb| GRb¨ wZwb cÖ‡kœv³ K_vwU e‡jwQ‡jb|
Dˇii g–jK_v : eRiv Avi †bŠKvi m‡½ av°v jvMvq `yN©Ubvi Ke‡j c‡oI gi‡Z gi‡Z †eu‡P hvIqvq ewncxi e‡jb, Ô†Lv`vi †f` †evSv mZ¨B gykwKj|Õ
j DÏxc‡K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †h we‡kl w`KwUi Bw½Z i‡q‡Q Zv n‡jv mvgvwRK Kzms¯‹vi|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K mvgvwRK Kzms¯‹v‡ii w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q| KviY mgv‡Ri †jvKiv Kzms¯‹v‡ii Kvi‡Y ewncx‡ii AvbyMZ¨ K‡i| wc‡ii
†mev Kiv‡KB Zviv c–‡Y¨i KvR g‡b K‡i| wKš‘ Zv‡`i wek¦vm m¤•–Y© fzj| KviY wci cÖ_vi mv‡_ a‡g©i †Kv‡bv m¤•K© †bB| fÊ wc‡iiv
a‡g©i †`vnvB w`‡q mvaviY gvbyl‡K cÖZvwiZ K‡i| Kzms¯‹v‡i wek¦vmx e¨w³ivB †Kej wc‡ii AÜ AbyKiY K‡i _v‡K|
DÏxc‡Ki iƒcv gv_v Ny‡i Qv‡` c‡o hvq| GRb¨ wci mv‡ne Zv‡K Svo-dzuK †`b| wKš‘ iƒcv Svo-dz‡u K wek¦vmx bq| A_P Zvi cwievi
Svo-dz‡u KB wek¦vm K‡i| wci mv‡n‡ei †L`gZ Kivi Rb¨ Aw¯’i n‡q I‡V| fv‡jv Lvev‡ii Av‡qvRb I wc‡ii Avivg-Av‡q‡ki e¨e¯’v
Ki‡ZB mevB e¨¯@ n‡q c‡o| g–jZ iƒcvi cwievi Kzms¯‹v‡i Av”Qbœ n‡q Av‡Q| GRb¨ Zviv wc‡ii AÜ AbymKiY K‡i Avm‡Q| ZvB
ejv hvq, DÏxc‡K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †h we‡kl w`KwUi Bw½Z i‡q‡Q Zv n‡jv mvgvwRK Kzms¯‹vi|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K mvgvwRK Kzms¯‹v‡ii w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q| GKBfv‡e iƒcvi cwievi Kzms¯‹v‡i Av”Qbœ n‡q Av‡Q| GRb¨ Zviv
wc‡ii AÜ AbymKiY K‡i Avm‡Q|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki iƒcv cÖwZev` Ki‡jI †m ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv bq|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU‡K †hŠw³K ejv hvq|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv mr gv‡qi cÖwZwnsmvi wkKvi nq| Zvi mr gv I evev ewncx‡ii AÜf³| Zviv ewncx‡ii †L`g‡Zi Rb¨
ewncx‡ii mv‡_ Zv‡nivi we‡q wVK K‡i| wKš‘ Zv‡niv gb †_‡K G we‡q †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡iwb| GRb¨ Zv‡niv evwo †_‡K cvwj‡q hvq|
DÏxc‡Ki iƒcvi evev mv‡ne Avjx wc‡ii AÜf³| GKw`b wci mv‡ne Zv‡`i evmvq Av‡m| Zvi evev-gv wc‡ii †mevh‡Zœi Rb¨
e¨wZe¨¯@ n‡q c‡o| mܨv‡ejv iƒcv Qv‡` gv_v Ny‡i c‡o hvq| Avi G LeiwU wc‡ii Kv‡b ch©š@ †cuŠ‡Q| wci mv‡ne ZLb iƒcv‡K Svo-dzuK
K‡ib| G‡Z iƒcv †i‡M wM‡q e‡j, Avwg Wv³v‡ii Kv‡Q hve|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi evev-gv ewncx‡ii AÜ Abymvix wQj| wKš‘ Zv‡niv wci cÖ_vi wek¦vmx wQj bv| GRb¨ †m ewncx‡ii mv‡_
weevne܇b Ave× n‡Z Pvqwb| weevn †_‡K Ae¨vnwZ cvIqvi Rb¨ Zv‡niv evwo †_‡K cvwj‡q hvq| evwo †_‡K cvjv‡bvi gva¨‡g
Zv‡nivi cÖwZev`x †PZbvi cwiPq cvIqv hvq| wKš‘ DÏxc‡Ki iƒcv wc‡ii cÖwZ ivMvwš^Z n‡q cÖwZev` Ki‡jI Zv‡nivi g‡Zv `„p
cÖwZÁve× n‡Z cv‡iwb| ZvB cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU‡K †hŠw³K ejv hvq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki iƒcv wc‡ii cÖwZ ivMvwš^Z n‡q cÖwZev` Ki‡jI Zv‡nivi g‡Zv `„p cÖwZÁve× n‡Z cv‡iwb| ZvB cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU‡K
†hŠw³K ejv hvq|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  14

ivRkvnx †evW©Ñ2024 †mU : K

evsjv cÖ_g cÎ (eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶v) welq †KvW : 1 0 1
[2024 mv‡ji wm‡jevm Abyhvqx]
mgq : 30 wgwbU c–Y©gvb : 30
[we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶vi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg–n n‡Z mwVK/m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU
Kv‡jv Kvwji ej c‡q›U Kjg Øviv m¤•–Y© fivU K‡iv| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb- 1|] cÖkœc‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|
1. mvwn‡Z¨i †Kvb kvLv me©vwaK cwVZ? 17. ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq ÔmI`vM‡ii wWOvi eniÕ †Kvb cwiPq enb K‡i?
E bvUK F Dcb¨vm G KweZv H †Qv‡UvMí E b`xgvZ…K evsjv F evwYwR¨K HwZn¨
2. ÔwPi DbœZ gg wkiÕÑPiYwU Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i  G Hk¦h©gq evsjv H gymwjg HwZn¨
n‡jvÕ KweZvi †Kvb fve‡K aviY K‡i? 18. ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvq AvwRR gUi‡mi gvwjK Mywj Ki‡Z
E msMÖvgx †PZbv F AwaKvi †PZbv Ki‡Z cvjvw”Qj †Kb?
 G AvÍZ¨vMx g‡bvfve H †KŠkjxfve E civRq Avmbœ eyS‡Z †c‡i
3. ÔSibvi MvbÕ KweZvq †Kvb cvwL Puv‡`i Av‡jv cvb K‡i Z…ß nq? F gyw³‡hv×v‡`i Øviv Avµvš@ n‡q
E P‡Kvi F PvZK G eyjeywj H kyK  G wbivc‡` cvjv‡bvi Rb¨
 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 4 I 5 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : H ivRvKvi‡`i Ae¯’vb †Ui †c‡q
ÔMvQ-MvQvwj †kKo-evKjmy× mevB †M‡j, 19. Ôwe‡qi e¨vcvi wK AvBb-†gvKÏgv bv wK?Õ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki G
evc‡i e‡j cvjvq e¨v‡gv Qvqvi Ilya †L‡j|Õ Dw³wU Kvi?
4. DÏxc‡Ki †PZbvq wek¦vmx ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb PwiÎ? E Zv‡niv F nv‡Zg Avwj
E Zv‡niv F ewncxi G †Lv‡`Rv H nv‡Zg Avwj  G †Lv‡`Rv H nwKKzjÐvn
5. D³ mv`„k¨c–Y© Pwi‡Î cÖKvk †c‡q‡QÑ 20. ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi †kl Pi‡Y Kwe Kx‡mi Qwe AuvKvi cÖwZÁv K‡i‡Qb?
i. Kzms¯‹viv”QbœZv ii. ag©fxi“Zv iii. Aby‡kvPbv E †`kgvZ…Kvi F mv‡g¨i G kvw¯@i H Kj¨v‡Yi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 21. Ôˆ`b¨ hw` Av‡m AvmyK, j¾v wKev Zv‡n gv_v DuPz ivwLmÕÑG K_vi
E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii cÖwZdjb †`Lv hvq †Kvb Pwi‡Îi g‡a¨?
6. ÔZv‡qdÕ †mŠw` Avi‡ei †Kvb A‡ji De©i cÖ‡`k? E KvOvjxi gv F myfvi gv  G me©Rqv H ggZvw`
E c–e© F cwðg G DËi H `w¶Y 22. Òw`‡bi †g‡N avb, iv‡Zi †g‡N evb|ÓÑK_vwUi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c–Y©
7. wcRiv‡cv‡ji Avmvwgi b¨vq GKcv‡k c‡o Av‡Q †KvbwU? ÔcwjÐmvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb Dcv`vb?
E wU‡bi euvwk F Kv‡Vi †Nvov E cÖev` evK¨ F Wv‡Ki K_vG Lbvi ePb H Qov Mvb
 G j¶¥xc–Rvi Kwo H Lvcivi KzwP 23. Aai ivq Mv‡Qi `vg Kq UvKv Avb‡Z e‡j?
8. ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi g–jK_v Kx? E wZb F Pvi G cuvP H Qq
E AcZ¨‡ø‡ni Awbevh© AvKl©Y F cwjÐi cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`‡h©i eY©bv 24. Ôg‡bi `vwe i¶v bv Ki‡j gvby‡li AvÍv euv‡P bv|ÕÑGLv‡b g‡bi
 G `vwi‡`ª¨i wbg©g cwinvm H †ivMgyw³i Kvgbv `vwe ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?
9. ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ M‡í †jL‡Ki AwaK †kv‡K cv_i nIqvi KviY Kx? E Lv`¨MÖnY F mvwn‡Z¨i Avb›`
E Lvev‡ii AvwaK¨ F ivbœvq `¶Zv  G Ávb AR©b H A_© DcvR©b
 G Lvev‡ii AcPq H ivbœvq wej¤^  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 25 I 26 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 10 I 11 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : ÔAvVv‡iv eQi eqm †h `ye©vi
ÔZzwg my›`i ZvB †P‡q _vwK wcÖq c‡_ cÖvš@‡i †QvUvq eû Zzdvb|Õ
†m wK †gvi Aciva|Õ 25. DÏxc‡Ki fvev‡_© ÔivbviÕ KweZvi ivbv‡ii †Kvb w`KwU Myi“Z¡
10. DÏxc‡Ki fvev_© ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi †Kvb Pwi‡Î cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? †c‡q‡Q?
E j¶¥x eD F Kwe G KweivR H weÁ E MwZkxjZv F †mevcivqYZv
11. D³ mv`„‡k¨i KviY Kx?  G wbf©xKZv H KZ©e¨civqYZv
E D‡c¶vi hš¿Yv F My‡Yi K`i 26. D³ Myi“Z¡c–Y© w`K cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q †h Pi‡YÑ
 G i–‡ci cÖksmv H AvÍZ¨vMx g‡bvfve i. KvR wb‡q‡Q †m bZzb Lei Avbvi|
12. ÔfzLv Av‡Qv gi †Mv-fvMv‡o wM‡qÕ ii. †Kgb K‡i G ivbvi m‡e‡M nwi‡Yi g‡Zv hvq|
E Av‡¶c F Aby‡kvPbv G wZi¯‹vi H weiw³ iii. AviI †Rv‡i, AviI †Rv‡i, G ivbvi `ye©vi `yR©q|
13. ÔRxeb-msMxZÕ KweZvq cÖvZt¯§iYxq nIqvi Rb¨ †KvbwU‡K Myi“Z¡ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
†`Iqv n‡q‡Q? E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii
E Rš§ F esk G ag© H Kg© 27. ÔRyZv-Avwe®‹viÕ KweZvq ÔiÜ«Õ k‡ãi A_© Kx?
14. eyavi gMR f‡i Kx †L‡j? E _wj F K`©g G wQ`ª H weQvbv
E evZvm F †RvQbv G †iv` H e„wói cvwb 28. Avgv‡`i KZ Avbv kw³ D‡cw¶Z e¨w³‡`i Ici wbf©i K‡i?
15. eyav‡K mK‡ji m‡›`n bv Kivi KviYÑ E Pvi F Qq  G AvU H `k
i. evev-gv giv †Q‡j ii. QbœQvov fve iii. Aí eqwm e‡j 29. Ô†mme Kvnvi Rš§ wbY©q b RvwbÕÑPi‡Y Kwe-g‡bi †h fve cÖKvk †c‡q‡QÑ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i. Awfgvb ii. wZi¯‹vi iii. wa°vi
E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
16. ÔZzwg †Zv jovB Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv, kyay I‡`i nv‡Z gi‡e †Kb?ÕÑ E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m Kvi cÖm‡½ Dw³wU Kiv n‡q‡Q? 30. ÔwbqwZÕ M‡í gnvivRvi Kx †`‡L gy» n‡Z nq?
E Kzwš@i gv F nwiKvKzi ¯¿x G †bvjK eyqv H wgVzi gv E i“wP F ¶gZv G m¤•` H AvwfRvZ¨
 Lvwj NiMy‡jv‡Z †cbwmj w`‡q DËiMy‡jv †j‡Lv| Gici QR †Kv‡W cÖ`Ë DËigvjvi mv‡_ wgwj‡q †`‡Lv †Zvgvi DËiMy‡jv mwVK wK bv|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
DËi

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  15

ivRkvnx †evW©Ñ2024
evsjv cÖ_g cÎ (m„Rbkxj cÖkœ) †mU : 01
[2024 mv‡ji wm‡jevm Abyhvqx] welq †KvW : 1 0 1
mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU c–Y©gvb : 70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c–Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcKMy‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i c‡ov Ges mswkÐó cÖkœMy‡jvi DËi `vI| K wefvM (M`¨) n‡Z Kgc‡¶
`ywU, L wefvM (KweZv) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ `ywU, M wefvM (Dcb¨vm) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwU Ges N wefvM (bvUK) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwU K‡i †gvU mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi
w`‡Z n‡e| GKB cÖ‡kœi Dˇi mvay I PwjZ fvlvixwZi wgkÖY `–lYxq|]
K wefvM : M`¨
1| wg‡mm kvnvbvi w`b kyi“ nq KvKWvKv †fv‡i| Iqvwks †gwk‡b Kvco †`Iqv, †Q‡j-†g‡qi wUwdb ˆZwi Kiv, Zv‡`i evevi bv¯@vÑ Gici wb‡R
ˆZwi n‡q Awd‡m hvIqv| Zvi †g‡q mviv `kg †kÖwY‡Z Avi †Q‡j mvwg Aóg †kÖwY‡ZÑ Zv‡`iI †Kv‡bv dzimZ †bB| ¯‹zj †k‡l wdwR·,
†Kwgw÷ª, MwYZ, AviI KZ †KvwPs, evwo wd‡i Avevi ¯‹z‡ji KvR, evwoi KvR, †KvwPs-Gi KvR| ¯‹zj-†KvwPs Avi evwoi Pvi †`qvj GB †hb
Zv‡`i Rxeb| evev-gv Awdm †k‡l Zv‡`i cQ‡›`i Lvevi wb‡q wd‡ib, bq‡Zv wb‡RivB AbjvB‡b AW©vi w`‡q cQ‡›`i Lvevi Avwb‡q †bq|
K. Ae‡njvq c‡o _vKv Acyi Kv‡Vi †NvovwU‡K Kx‡mi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q? 1
L. `kNivi †jvKwUi cÖ¯@v‡e nwini Zr¶Yvr ivwR nqwb †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki wg‡mm kvnvbvi mv‡_ ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi me©Rqvi msmvi Rxe‡bi †h ˆemv`„k¨ Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki e³e¨ ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi g–je³e¨ †_‡K A‡bK `–‡i|ÓÑ gš@e¨wUi †hŠw³KZv †`LvI| 4
2| wg‡mm Zvwggv †g‡qi cÖwZôvwbK eB Qvov Ab¨ †Kv‡bv eBcov mgq Avi A‡_©i AePq g‡b K‡ib| †g‡qi nv‡Z †Kv‡bv Mí-Dcb¨vm †`L‡jB †Nvi
AvcwË Zvi| wZwb g‡b K‡ib fv‡jv cÖvwZôvwbK djvdj Gici fv‡jv PvKwiÑGB †Zv Rxeb| wKš‘ ¯^vgx nvexe ingvb ¯¿xi GB aviYvi †Nvi
we‡ivaxÑAvi ZvB †Zv †g‡qi Rb¨ AcÖvwZôvwbK eB we‡kl K‡i Rxebx, Mí-Dcb¨vmÑ GBme wK‡b †`Iqv‡Z KL‡bv AvcwË K‡ib bv| wZwb
e‡jbÑ g‡bi weKv‡ki Rb¨, Av‡jvwKZ nIqvi Rb¨ mvwnZ¨PP©vi weKí †bB|
K. †KvbwU wk¶vi me©cÖavb A½? 1
L. Ô†`‡ni g„Zz¨i †iwR÷vwi ivLv nq, AvÍvi nq bv|ÕÑ †Kb ejv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki wg‡mm Zvwggvi g‡a¨ ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †h w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki nvexe ingv‡bi K_vq ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi g–j †PZbviB h_v_© cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q| Ñ gš@e¨wUi †hŠw³KZv wePvi K‡iv| 4
3| GKgvÎ mš@vb Kve¨ evKcÖwZeÜxÑ welqwU hLb Rvbv‡jb wg‡mm kixdvÑ GKUzI Nveov‡jb bv; ¯^vgx‡KI †evSv‡jb| evev-gvÕi cig †øn-
ggZv I Av`i-h‡Zœ †e‡o DV‡Z jvM‡jv Kve¨| GKw`b gv j¶¨ Ki‡jb †Q‡j Avcb g‡b KvM‡R AuvwK-eywK Ki‡Q; wZwb ey‡S †M‡jb gy‡L fvlv
bv _vK‡jI Zzwji AuvP‡oB †m GKw`b wek¦Rq Ki‡e| ¯^vgxi mv‡_ civgk© K‡i †Q‡ji AuvKv-AuvwKi Rb¨ hv hv Kiv `iKvi me Ki‡jb| AvR
†`‡k-we‡`‡k Kv‡e¨Õi AuvKv Qwe cÖ`k©bx n‡”Q; wewµ n‡”Q eûg–‡j¨|
K. evev-gvÕi †Kvb Av‡qvRb †`‡L myfvi ü`q AkÖ“-ev‡®• f‡i D‡VwQj? 1
L. ÔZzwg Avgv‡K hvB‡Z w`I bv gvÕÑ myfvi GB Awfe¨w³ eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. Kv‡e¨Õi evev-gvÕi mv‡_ ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi evev-gvÕi ˆemv`„k¨ †`LvI| 3
N. Dchy³ cwi‡ek I cwiPh©v †c‡j Kv‡e¨Õi g‡Zv myfv mgv‡Ri GKRb n‡q DV‡Z cviZÑ hyw³ `vI| 4
4| Aa¨vcK W±i gbRyi ikx‡`i M‡elYvi welq wQj bvU¨mvwnZ¨| bvU‡Ki cÖwZ Zuvi fxlY AvMÖn; bvUK †j‡Lb, bvU¨i–c †`b Avevi gÂvq‡biI
e¨e¯’v K‡ib| wbR †Rjv Kzwóqvi wewfbœ †jvKKwei cvjvMvb I Kvwnwb msMÖ‡ni Kv‡R nvZ †`b| GKevi cÙv-MovB b`xi ZxieZ©x GjvKvi
`yBRb †jvKKwei †jvKMv_v msMÖn K‡i bvU¨i–c †`b Ges wb‡RB cwiPvjbv I wb‡`©kbv w`‡q †mMy‡jv †`‡k-we‡`‡k gÂvq‡bi I cÖPv‡ii e¨e¯’v K‡ib|
K. cwjÐmvwnZ¨ m¤•‡`i g‡a¨ †KvbMy‡jv Ag–j¨ iZœwe‡kl? 1
L. ÔAvR `yt‡L ˆ`‡b¨ cÖv‡Y myL †bBÕÑ †jL‡Ki GB nZvkvi KviY Kx? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Aa¨vcK W±i gbRyi ikx‡`i Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g ÔcwjÐmvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Üi †h w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Aa¨vcK W±i gbRyi ikx` †hb W±i gyn¤§` knx`yjÐvni Kvw¸¶Z †¯^”Qv‡meK `‡ji mv_©K cÖwZwbwaÑ we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
L wefvM : KweZv
5| Avivd Avi Avqgvb †hb GKe„‡š@ `ywU Kzmyg| GBPGmwm cv‡mi ci `yRbB fwZ© n‡jv Zv‡`i Kvw¸¶Z I ¯^‡cœi ey‡q‡U| Gi g‡a¨ Avqgvb
Av‡gwiKvi wewfbœ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †LuvR-Lei †bqÑKviY, ey‡qU †kl K‡i †m Av‡gwiKv cvwo Rgv‡Z Pvq| wKš‘ Aviv‡di GKK_v cov‡kvbv †kl
K‡i †m †`‡kB _vK‡e| hv Ki‡e †`‡ki Rb¨B Ki‡eÑ Gfv‡e mevB †`k †Q‡o †M‡j †`kB ev Kxfv‡e mg„w× AR©b Ki‡e? AvR Avqgvb
Av‡gwiKvq cÖwZwôZ| wKš‘ Zvi gb c‡o _v‡K †`‡ki we¯@xY© gvV, AevwiZ avb‡LZ, eÜy-evÜe, Qy‡UvQywU Gm‡ei g‡a¨ Aviv‡di mv‡_ K_v
ej‡jB †m Zvi †d‡j hvIqv me wKQy wb‡q Av‡eMvcÐyZ n‡q c‡o|
K. ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi Aó‡Ki wgjweb¨vm Kxi–c? 1
L. ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq Kwe K‡cvZv¶ b`‡K `y»‡mªv‡Zvi–cx e‡j‡Qb †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki †klvs‡k Avqgv‡bi gva¨‡g ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi Kwei g‡bvfv‡ei †Kvb we‡kl w`KwUi Bw½Z i‡q‡QÑ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Avivd I Avqgvb ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq cÖwZdwjZ g–j †PZbv‡KB aviY K‡i Av‡Q Ñ we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
6| †Q‡ji Amy¯’Zvi Lie †c‡q evwo‡Z Qy‡U Av‡mb cvMj cÖvq dvinvbvÑe¨¯@ I DwØMœ Ae¯’vq ¯^vgx‡KI Lei cvVvb| N‡i wd‡i †`‡Lb R¡‡i
†Q‡ji Mv cy‡o hv‡”Q| Suvodz‡Ki Rb¨ Zvi kvkywo MÖv‡gi Bw`ªm †gvjÐv‡K wb‡q G‡m‡Qb| Gme ev` w`‡q dvinvbv †Q‡j‡K wb‡q `ª“Z wPwKrm‡Ki
kiYvcbœ nb; †W½y Avk¼v K‡i wPwKrmK cix¶v-wbix¶v I cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’vcÎ w`‡jb| ciw`b cix¶vi wi‡cvU© †W½y kbv³ nq Ges †Q‡ji
cÐvwU‡jU `ª“Z Kg‡Z _v‡K| dvinvbv †Q‡j‡K nvmcvZv‡j fwZ© Kwi‡q bvIqv-LvIqv fz‡j mviv¶Y †Q‡ji †mev K‡i Zv‡K mvwi‡q †Zv‡jb|
Gw`‡K Zvi kvkywo bvwZi †ivMgyw³ Kvgbv K‡i gmwR‡` `vb Kivi gvbZ K‡ib|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  16
K. Rmxg D`&`x‡bi †Kvb MÖš’wU we‡`wk fvlvq Abyw`Z nq? 1
L. Ô†h K_v fvwe‡Z civb wkn‡i ZvB fv‡m wnqv‡Kv‡YÕÑ K_vwU Øviv Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki kvkywoi g‡a¨ ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi †h we‡kl w`‡Ki cÖwZ‡djb N‡U‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. cwiw¯’wZ I †cÖ¶vcU wfbœ n‡jI dvinvbv I ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ GKm–‡Î Muv_vÑwe‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
7| †gwW‡K‡j covi my‡hvM cvqwb e‡j myBwU bvIqv-LvIqv me ev` w`‡q‡Q; †hvMv‡hvM eÜ K‡i‡Q eÜy-ev܇ei mv‡_I| Zvi †mB GK K_v
ÔAvgv‡K w`‡q wK”Qy n‡e bvÕ-†m Avi cov‡kvbvI Ki‡Z Pvq bv| †g‡qi K_v ky‡b evev nv‡mbÑ e‡jb, gvbeRxebB n‡jv msMÖv‡gi, †gwW‡K‡j
covB Rxe‡bi me bq, Zzwg †Zvgvi †gav †h-†Kv‡bv Kv‡R jvwM‡q mdj n‡Z cv‡i| †Kv‡bv mvaviY wel‡q cov‡kvbv K‡i Zzwg ÔAmvaviYÕ n‡q
DV‡Z cv‡iv, cÖwZwU `vwqZ¡kxj I mgqvbyeZ©x gvbyl c„w_ex‡Z mdjZvi ¯^v¶i †i‡L‡Qb| evevi K_v †g‡b myBwU AvR GKRb mdj wewmGm
Kg©KZ©v| A‡b‡Ki Av`k©-AbyKiYxq|
K. ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvq Avqy‡K Kx‡mi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q? 1
L. Ômsmv‡i msmvix mvRÕ Ñ K_vwU Øviv Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. myBwUi †gwW‡K‡j covi my‡hvM bv cvIqvi g‡bv‡e`bv ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvi mv‡_ †h w`K †_‡K mv`„k¨c–Y© Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Ômvabv I cig‰ah© gvbyl‡K †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z cv‡i mdjZvi D”P wkL‡iÕÑDÏxcK I KweZvi Av‡jv‡K gš@e¨wUi †hŠw³KZv †`LvI| 4
M wefvM : Dcb¨vm
8| 1971 mv‡ji K_v| wK‡kvi Avwe` gv‡V †Ljv KiwQj| nVvr †`‡L Zvi MÖv‡gi wUcy †gvjÐv eyU-†nj‡gU civ GK`j †jvK‡K A™¢yZ fvlvq K_v
ej‡Z ej‡Z exi`‡c© MÖv‡g wfZi wb‡q hv‡”Q| wUcy †gvjÐv MÖv‡giB †jvK, ZvB Avwe` fve‡jv MÖv‡gi fv‡jvi Rb¨B †m GB gvbylMy‡jv‡K wb‡q
G‡m‡Q| wKQy¶Y ciB †`Lj `vD `vD K‡i mviv MÖvg R¡j‡Q| †`uŠ‡o Avwe` evwo wdij| wd‡i wM‡q †h `„k¨ †m †`Lj Zv‡Z, †hb †m †kv‡K cv_i
n‡q †Mj| Zvi evev-gv, fvB-†evb mevB‡K wbg©gfv‡e cywo‡q nZ¨v K‡i‡Q wUcy †gvjÐvi mv‡_ Avmv †jv‡Kiv| me©¯^ nvwi‡q D`&ev¯‘ n‡q c‡o
Avwe`| cÖwZ‡kva †bIqv Avi †`k‡K kΓgy³ Kivi `„p cÖZ¨‡q †Mwijv hy‡×i cÖwk¶Y wbj †m| cÖ_g Awfhv‡b cywo‡q w`j wUcy †gvjÐvi evwo|
Zvici †MÖ‡bW w`‡q Dwo‡q w`j H †jvKMy‡jvi K¨v¤•| `„wóRy‡o Zvi md‡j¨i nvwm|
K. eyav‡K ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ bvg w`‡qwQj Kviv? 1
L. Ôgi‡Yi K_v wPš@v Ki‡j hy× Kiv hvq bv|ÕÑKzwš@ †Kb G K_v e‡jwQj? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Avwe‡`i D`&evš‘ nIqvi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi Rxeb ev¯@eZvi ˆemv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Ô†cÖ¶vcU wfbœ n‡jI Avwe` I eyav GKB †PZbvi aviK|ÕÑgš@e¨wU g–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
9| DÏxcK Ask (i) : kZ kZ gyL nvq GKvËi h‡kvi †ivW †h KZ K_v e‡j
GZ givgyL Avagiv cv‡q c–e©evsjv †KvjKvZv P‡j|
mgq Pj‡Q ivRc_ a‡i h‡kvi †iv‡W‡Z gvby‡li wgwQj
†m‡Þ¤^i nvq GKvËi †Mvi“Mvwo Kv`v iv¯@v wcwQj
j¶ gvbyl fvZ †P‡q g‡i, j¶ gvbyl †kv‡K †f‡m hvq
Ninxb fv‡m kZkZ †jvK j¶ Rbbx cvMjcÖvq|
DÏxcK Ask (ii) : Avgiv nvi‡ev bv, nvi‡ev bv
†Zvgvi gvwUi GKwU KYvI Qvo‡ev bv
Avgiv cuvRi w`‡q `yM©NuvwU Mo‡Z Rvwb
†Zvgvi fq †bB gv Avgiv cÖwZev` Ki‡Z Rvwb
K. eyav `ytL‡K Kx fv‡e? 1
L. PvwPi cÖwZ eyav K…ZÁ n‡q I‡V †Kb? 2
M. DÏxcK Ask (i)-G ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m ewY©Z †Kvb we‡kl w`KwUi cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔDÏxcK Ask (ii) †hb Dcb¨v‡m Avwj, wgVz I kvnveywχbi `„ß D”PviYÕÑ gš@‡e¨i mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
N wefvM : bvUK
10| KZB ev eqm ZLb we_xi? AvU ev `k| ¯‹z‡j hvIqvi c‡_ Uªv‡Ki av°vq wiK&kv †_‡K gv wQU&‡K co‡jb| Zvici Avi wKQy g‡b †bB| Gici
bZzb gv-B Zvi me| evevi G‡b †`Iqv bZzb gv Zvi me `ytL fzwj‡q w`‡q‡Qb| cig h‡Zœ Zv‡K jvjb-cvjb K‡i AvM‡j †i‡L‡Qb| AvR we_xi
GmGmwm cix¶v| `vw`i Kov wb‡`©k evmvq KviI Lvev‡ii cv‡Z †hb wWg bv _v‡K| we_xi cix¶v fv‡jv n‡e GB Kvgbv K‡i †Zjcov, cvwbcov
G‡b‡QbÑ e‡j †i‡L‡Qb cix¶v †k‡l bvZwbi we‡q †`‡eb| wKš‘ we_xi bZzb gv‡qi †Nvi AvcwË| wZwb ¯•ó Rvwb‡q w`‡q‡Qb, Ò†g‡qi Avgvi
cov‡kvbv †kl n‡e; mgv‡Ri GKRb n‡q DV‡eÑ Z‡eB we‡q|Ó
K. ewncx‡ii g‡Z, †KvbwU gv‡Vi fvlv? 1
L. †Lv‡`Rv †Kb Zv‡niv‡K Ôkvevk †g‡qÕ e‡j‡Qb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki `vw`i g‡a¨ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †h we‡kl w`KwU j¶Yxq Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔZv‡nivi mr gv we_xi bZzb gv‡qi f‚wgKvq _vK‡j Zv‡niv‡K Ggb cwiw¯’wZi m¤§yLxb n‡Z n‡Zv bvÕÑgš@‡e¨i mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
11| †Qv‡Uv GKUv †Kv¤•vwbi PvKwiRxex Kvgvj mv‡ne| Zvi †Q‡j wek¦we`¨vj‡q I †g‡q K‡j‡R c‡o| Zv‡`i wb‡q Kvgvj mv‡n‡ei A‡bK ¯^cœ|
B`vbxs wZwb Lye `ywðš@vq _v‡Kb, KviY †Kv¤•vwbi Ae¯’v fv‡jv bv| GKw`b Awd‡m wM‡q †`‡Lb QuvUvB‡qi LvZvq Zvi bvg| gv_vq †hb Zvi
AvKvk †f‡O c‡o| †Q‡ji we‡`‡k covi ¯^cœ, †g‡qi wek¦we`¨vj‡q cov Gme wb‡q Pig gvbwmK wech©¯@Zvq Wz‡e hvb| µgvš^‡q Amy¯’ n‡q
c‡ob| †Q‡j-†g‡q GK mgq me Rvb‡Z cv‡i| Kvgvj mv‡ne Acivaxi my‡i e‡jb, Ô†Zvgv‡`i Rb¨ wKQyB Ki‡Z cvijvg bv|Õ evevi GB
Ae¯’vq †Q‡j-†g‡q Zvi cv‡k `uvovq| Zv‡`i Rgv‡bv mvgvb¨ UvKv w`‡q Zviv Ômy‡Zvq †evbv ¯^cœÕ bv‡g †dBmeyK †cBR Pvjy K‡i AbjvB‡b wewfbœ
n¯@wkí, ˆZwi †cvkvK wewµ K‡i| `yB fvB-†evb GeQi †miv Zi“Y D‡`¨v³v cyi¯‹vi †cj|
K. ewncx‡ii g‡Z †KvbwU †bkvi g‡Zv? 1
L. nv‡Zg Avwj Zvi Rwg`vwi‡K Xv‡Ki †Xvj e‡j‡Qb †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Kvgvj mv‡n‡ei gva¨‡g ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †h w`KwUi Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Kvgvj mv‡n‡ei †Q‡j-†g‡q wPš@v-†PZbvi w`K †_‡K bvU‡Ki nv‡k‡gi cÖwZwbwaÑgš@‡e¨i mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  17

DËigvjv
eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶v
1 L 2 K 3 K 4 M 5 K 6 N 7 L 8 K 9 K 10 L 11 M 12 M 13 N 14 K 15 N
DËi

16 L 17 L 18 K 19 M 20 L 21 N 22 M 23 M 24 L 25 K 26 M 27 M 28 N 29 M 30 K

m„Rbkxj
cÖkœ  01 wg‡mm kvnvbvi w`b kyi“ nq KvKWvKv †fv‡i| Iqvwks †gwk‡b Kvco †`Iqv, †Q‡j-†g‡qi wUwdb ˆZwi Kiv, Zv‡`i evevi
bv¯@vÑ Gici wb‡R ˆZwi n‡q Awd‡m hvIqv| Zvi †g‡q mviv `kg †kÖwY‡Z Avi †Q‡j mvwg Aóg †kÖwY‡ZÑ Zv‡`iI †Kv‡bv dzimZ
†bB| ¯‹zj †k‡l wdwR·, †Kwgw÷ª, MwYZ, AviI KZ †KvwPs, evwo wd‡i Avevi ¯‹z‡ji KvR, evwoi KvR, †KvwPs-Gi KvR| ¯‹zj-†KvwPs
Avi evwoi Pvi †`qvj GB †hb Zv‡`i Rxeb| evev-gv Awdm †k‡l Zv‡`i cQ‡›`i Lvevi wb‡q wd‡ib, bq‡Zv wb‡RivB AbjvB‡b AW©vi
w`‡q cQ‡›`i Lvevi Avwb‡q †bq|
K. Ae‡njvq c‡o _vKv Acyi Kv‡Vi †NvovwU‡K Kx‡mi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q? 1
L. `kNivi †jvKwUi cÖ¯@v‡e nwini Zr¶Yvr ivwR nqwb †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki wg‡mm kvnvbvi mv‡_ ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi me©Rqvi msmvi Rxe‡bi †h ˆemv`„k¨ Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki e³e¨ ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi g–je³e¨ †_‡K A‡bK `–‡i|ÓÑ gš@e¨wUi †hŠw³KZv †`LvI| 4
1bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h Ae‡njvq c‡o _vKv Kv‡Vi †NvovwU‡K wcRiv‡cv‡ji Avmvgxi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
i GKiKg AvZ¥m¤§vb‡ev‡ai Kvi‡Y evgyb wn‡m‡e evm Kivi cÖ¯@v‡e nwini Zr¶Yvr ivwR nqwb|
GKw`b nwini‡K `kNivi m`&‡Mvc m¤cÖ`v‡qi GKwU †jvK G‡Kev‡i Zv‡`i Muv‡q P‡j wM‡q evgyb wn‡m‡e mcwiev‡i emevm Kivi
cÖ¯@ve †`q| Avw_©K `yie¯’v _vKv m‡Ë¡I nwini cÖ¯@vewU‡Z mivmwi m¤§wZ †`qwb| KviY, G‡Z m`&‡Mvc m¤cÖ`v‡qi †jv‡Kiv nwin‡ii
`vwi‡`ª¨i welqwU †Ui †c‡q hv‡e| AwaKš‘ nwin‡ii A‡bK avi‡`bv wQj| Avevm cwieZ©‡bi msev` ï‡b cvIbv`viiv G‡m Zvi Kv‡Q
UvKv PvB‡Z cv‡i| Gme Kvi‡Y AvZ¥m¤§v‡bi Rb¨ evgyb wn‡m‡e evm Kivi cÖ¯@v‡e nwini ivwR nqwb|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Avw_©K `yie¯’vi K_v cÖKvwkZ n‡q hvIqvi Avk¼vq I cÖej AvZ¥m¤§vb †ev‡ai Kvi‡Y evgyb wn‡m‡e evm Kivi cÖ¯@v‡e nwini ivwR
nqwb|
j Avw_©K ¯^”QjZv I Rxebhvcb cÖYvjxi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki wg‡mm kvnvbvi mv‡_ ÔAvg-AvuwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi me©Rqvi msmvi Rxe‡bi
ˆemv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
ÔAvg-AvuwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi Ab¨Zg PwiÎ me©Rqv| MíwU‡Z †m †hb k¦vkZ cwjÐgv‡qiB cÖwZiƒc| nwin‡ii mvgvb¨ Av‡q AZ¨š@ K‡ó msmvi
Pvjv‡Z nq Zv‡K| A‡bK mgq avi‡`bv K‡i n‡jI mš@vb‡`i gy‡L Lvevi Zz‡j †`Iqvi †Póv K‡i †m| Afv‡ei msmv‡i mš@vb‡`i Rb¨
`ygy‡Vv Lvevi I †cvkv‡Ki e¨e¯’v KivB Zvi g–j wPš@v|
DÏxc‡Ki wg‡mm kvnvbv GKRb Kg©Rxex bvix| Awd‡mi KvR QvovI †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i †`Lfvj Kiv, Zv‡`i Rb¨ bv¯@v ˆZwi, ¯‹z‡j wb‡q
hvIqvmn nvRv‡iv e¨¯@Zvi gv‡S Zvi w`b †K‡U hvq| ZvB Awdm †_‡K †divi mgq †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i Rb¨ wZwb Lvevi wK‡b Av‡bb|
c¶vš@‡i, ÔAvg-AvuwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi me©Rqvi msmv‡i Afve †hb wbZ¨m½x| ¯^vgxi mvgvb¨ Av‡q wVKg‡Zv msmvi Pvjv‡bvB `vq| G
Kvi‡Y B‡”Q _vKv m‡Ë¡I mš@vb‡`i bZzb RvgvKvc‡oi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z cv‡i bv †m, hv wb‡q †m g‡bvhvZbvq †fv‡M| A_©vr DÏxc‡Ki
wg‡mm kvnvbvi †_‡K ÔAvg-AvuwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi me©Rqvi Avw_©K Ae¯’v I Rxeb ev¯@eZv A‡bKUvB wfbœ| Gw`K †_‡K Zv‡`i g‡a¨
ˆemv`„k¨ cÖZxqgvb nq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Avw_©K ¯^”QjZv I Rxebhvcb cÖYvjxi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki wg‡mm kvnvbvi mv‡_ ÔAvg-AvuwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi me©Rqvi msmvi Rxe‡bi
ˆemv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki e³e¨ ÔAvg-AvuwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi g–j e³e¨ †_‡K A‡bK `–‡i|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔAvg-AvuwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi g–j DcRxe¨ cwjÐ cÖK…wZi †Kv‡j †e‡o IVv Acy-`yM©vi cÖK…wZNwbô I `yiš@ ˆkke| GQvovI Acy-`yM©vi LybmuywU I
¯^fve PÂjZv MíwU‡Z GK wfbœ gvÎv †hvM K‡i‡Q| Gi evB‡i mvgvwRK ms¯‹vi Ges me©Rqvi msmv‡ii Afve-AbUb G M‡íi wfbœ wfbœ w`K|
DÏxc‡K wg‡mm kvnvbv bv‡gi GKRb Kg©Rxex bvixi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| †ivR Awdm hvIqvi c–‡e© wZwb mš@vb‡`i Rb¨ bv¯@v ˆZwi
K‡ib, Zv‡`i wUwd‡bi e¨e¯’v K‡ib| Gici Zv‡`i †iwW K‡i ¯‹z‡j w`‡q Av‡mb| GKv nv‡Z mewKQy mvgjv‡Z wM‡q wZwb wb‡R‡KB
mgq w`‡Z cv‡ib bv| Avevi cov‡kvbv wb‡q e¨¯@ _vKvq Zvi mš@vbivI †Zgb mgq cvq bv| d‡j A‡bK mgq Zviv evB‡i †_‡KB
Lvevi wK‡b Lvq| Gfv‡e DÏxcKwU‡Z kvnvbvi cwiev‡ii Kg©e¨¯@ I GK‡N‡q Rxe‡bi wPÎ cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  18
ÔAvg-AvuwUi †fucyÕ M‡í Acy-`yM©v bv‡gi `yB fvB‡ev‡bi Avbw›`Z Rxe‡bi AvL¨vb dz‡U D‡V‡Q| MíwU‡Z Zviv †hb cÖK…wZi †Kv‡j jvwjZ
mš@vb| `yB fvB‡ev‡bi LybmyuwU Ges MÖvgxY djdjvw` LvIqvi Avb›` †hb cvVKwPˇKI Avn¬vw`Z K‡i| Zv‡`i GB cÖK…wZNwbô
Rxebhvc‡bi evB‡i MíwU‡Z nwini I me©Rqvi msmv‡ii wb`vi“Y `vwi`ª¨ Ges Uvbv‡cv‡ob wbæweË gvby‡li `ywe©mn RxebhvÎv‡K Zz‡j
a‡i| cvkvcvwk MíwU‡Z ZrKvjxb MÖvgxY mgv‡Ri GKwU ¯•ó wPÎI Aw¼Z n‡q‡Q| Av‡jvP¨ M‡í dz‡U IVv GmKj welq DÏxc‡K j¶
Kiv hvq bv| †mLv‡b †Kej me©Rqvi Kg©e¨¯@Zvi AvswkK iƒcvqY N‡U‡Q, DwjÐwLZ Ab¨vb¨ welq bq| †mw`K we‡ePbvq, cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU
h_vh_ A_©en|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki e³e¨ ÔAvg-AvuwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi g–j e³e¨ †_‡K A‡bK `–‡i i‡q‡Q|
cÖkœ  02 wg‡mm Zvwggv †g‡qi cÖwZôvwbK eB Qvov Ab¨ †Kv‡bv eBcov mgq Avi A‡_©i AePq g‡b K‡ib| †g‡qi nv‡Z †Kv‡bv Mí-
Dcb¨vm †`L‡jB †Nvi AvcwË Zvi| wZwb g‡b K‡ib fv‡jv cÖvwZôvwbK djvdj Gici fv‡jv PvKwiÑGB †Zv Rxeb| wKš‘ ¯^vgx nvexe
ingvb ¯¿xi GB aviYvi †Nvi we‡ivaxÑAvi ZvB †Zv †g‡qi Rb¨ AcÖvwZôvwbK eB we‡kl K‡i Rxebx, Mí-Dcb¨vmÑ GBme wK‡b
†`Iqv‡Z KL‡bv AvcwË K‡ib bv| wZwb e‡jbÑ g‡bi weKv‡ki Rb¨, Av‡jvwKZ nIqvi Rb¨ mvwnZ¨PP©vi weKí †bB|
K. †KvbwU wk¶vi me©cÖavb A½? 1
L. Ô†`‡ni g„Zz¨i †iwR÷vwi ivLv nq, AvÍvi nq bv|ÕÑ †Kb ejv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki wg‡mm Zvwggvi g‡a¨ ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †h w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki nvexe ingv‡bi K_vq ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi g–j †PZbviB h_v_© cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q| Ñ gš@e¨wUi †hŠw³KZv wePvi
K‡iv| 4
2bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h mvwnZ¨PP©v wk¶vi me©cÖavb A½|
i †`‡ni g„Zz¨i Rb¨ Avgiv wnmve ivL‡Z cvwi wKš‘ AvÍvi g„Zz¨i Rb¨ †Kv‡bv wnmve ivLv nq bv|
gvby‡li †`n‡K †`Lv hvq wKš‘ AvÍv‡K †`Lv hvq bv| †Rvi K‡i Pvwc‡q †`Iqv wk¶vi gva¨‡g wk¶v_©x‡`i gvbwmK g„Zz¨ N‡U| Avevi
B”Qvi wei“‡× wk¶v Pvwc‡q †h wk¶v_©x‡`i AvÍvi g„Zz¨ N‡U, Zv †KD †`‡L bv, KviY Zvi wnmve ivLv nq bv|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Avgv‡`i mgv‡Ri wk¶ve¨e¯’v Ges Pjgvb cÖ_vq `» n‡q †h AmsL¨ AvZ¥vi g„Zy¨ N‡U‡Q Zvi cÖwZ †jLK Bw½Z K‡i‡Qb|
j DÏxc‡Ki wg‡mm Zvwggvi g‡a¨ ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü DwjÐwLZ mvwnZ¨PP©v m¤•‡K© Avgv‡`i MZvbyMwZK aviYvi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü cÖvewÜK eB cov Z_v mvwnZ¨PP©vi Myi“Z¡ m¤•‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Ki‡Z wM‡q mvwnZ¨PP©v m¤•‡K© Avgv‡`i åvš@ aviYv‡K
D‡š§vPb K‡i‡Qb| wZwb AZ¨š@ †L‡`i m‡½ D‡jÐL K‡i‡Qb †h Avgv‡`i †`‡k A_©Kix bq, Ggb †h-†Kv‡bv welq‡KB Avgiv Ab_©K g‡b
Kwi| mvwnZ¨PP©vI Gi e¨wZµg bq|
DÏxc‡Ki wg‡mm Zvwggv †g‡q‡K mvwnZ¨PP©vq wbi“rmvwnZ K‡ib| Zvi g‡Z, GmKj eB cix¶vq fv‡jv djvd‡j †Zgb f‚wgKv iv‡L bv|
ZvB G ai‡bi eB cov Zvi `„wó‡Z A_© I mg‡qi AcPq Qvov wKQy bq| GKBfv‡e, ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡ÜI cÖvewÜK mvwnZ¨PP©v wel‡q
Avgv‡`i msKxY© gvbwmKZvi ¯^iƒc D‡š§vPb K‡i‡Qb| wZwb †`wL‡q‡Qb, mivmwi Kv‡R Av‡m bv Ggb †h-†Kv‡bv wKQy‡KB Avgv‡`i †`‡k
g–j¨nxb g‡b Kiv nq| G Kvi‡YB Avgv‡`i †`‡ki †ckv`viiv †ckvi mv‡_ mswkÐó eB cÖPzi wKb‡jI mvwn‡Z¨i eB wKb‡Z AvMÖnx bq|
DÏxc‡Ki Zvwggvi gvbwmKZvI GKB iKg| †m we‡ePbvq, Zvwggvi g‡a¨ Av‡jvP¨ cÖe‡Ü DwjÐwLZ mvwnZ¨PP©v m¤•‡K© Avgv‡`i GB
MZvbyMwZK I msKxY© aviYvi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki wg‡mm Zvwggvi g‡a¨ ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü DwjÐwLZ mvwnZ¨PP©v m¤•‡K© Avgv‡`i MZvbyMwZK aviYvi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
k DÏxc‡Ki nvexe ingv‡bi e³‡e¨ mvwnZ¨PP©vi Myi“Z¡ D‡V Avmvq Zv‡Z ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi g–j †PZbvi cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q|
ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi cÖvewÜK g‡b K‡ib, Avgv‡`i wk¶v cÖwZôvb †_‡K jä wk¶v c–Y©v½ bq| Giƒc D‡Ïk¨ cÖ‡Yvw`Z wk¶vq wk¶v_©xi
h_v_© gvbwmK weKvk †Zv nq-B bv eis wk¶v_©xiv covi cÖwZ AvMÖnB nvwi‡q †d‡j| G‡¶‡Î cÖPwjZ wk¶vi evB‡i mvg_©¨ I i“wPgvwdK
mvwnZ¨PP©vi ga¨ w`‡q e¨w³ h_v_© wkw¶Z n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i|
DÏxc‡K nvexe ingvb bv‡gi GK AvÍm‡PZb e¨w³i K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| eB cov Z_v mvwnZ¨PP©vi Myi“Z¡ m¤•‡K© wZwb wbwðZ| G Kvi‡Y
Zvi ¯¿x Zvwggv cvV¨cy¯@‡Ki evB‡i †g‡qi Ab¨vb¨ eB cov‡K Ab_©K g‡b Ki‡j wZwb Gi we‡ivaxZv K‡ib| wZwb g‡b K‡ib, e¨w³i
gvbwmK weKv‡ki Rb¨ I Av‡jvwKZ gvbyl wn‡m‡e M‡o IVvi Rb¨ mvwnZ¨PP©vi weKí †bB| Av‡jvP¨ ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡ÜI cÖvewÜK
mvwnZ¨PP©v m¤•‡K© GKBiƒc g‡bvfve cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb|
ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü cÖvewÜK mvwnZ¨PP©v‡K †`‡L‡Qb mywkw¶Z nIqvi Dcvq wn‡m‡e| Zuvi g‡Z, †h‡nZz Avgv‡`i ¯‹zj-K‡jR †_‡K AwR©Z
wk¶v c–Y©v½ bq, †m‡nZz jvB‡eªwi‡Z wM‡q e¨w³ Zvi mvg_©¨ I AvMÖn Abyhvqx eB c‡o mywkw¶Z n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i| ZvQvov Avgv‡`i
g‡bvRvMwZK weKv‡kI mvwnZ¨PP©vi weKí †bB| G Kvi‡Y †kÖwY-†ckv wbwe©‡k‡l Avgv‡`i mvwnZ¨PP©vq g‡bv‡hvMx nIqv Avek¨K|
GKBfv‡e, DÏxc‡Ki nvexe ingvbI eB covi Myi“Z¡ m¤•‡K© AeMZ| Zvi e³‡e¨I mvwnZ¨PP©vi Myi“Z¡B dz‡U D‡V‡Q, hv Av‡jvP¨ cÖe‡Üi
cÖvew܇Ki fvebv‡KB Zz‡j a‡i| †m we‡ePbvq, cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_vh_ A_©en|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki nvexe ingv‡bi e³‡e¨ mvwnZ¨PP©vi Myi“Z¡ D‡V Avmvq Zv‡Z ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi g–j †PZbvi cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  19

cÖkœ  03 GKgvÎ mš@vb Kve¨ evKcÖwZeÜxÑ welqwU hLb Rvbv‡jb wg‡mm kixdvÑ GKUzI Nveov‡jb bv; ¯^vgx‡KI †evSv‡jb|
evev-gvÕi cig †øn-ggZv I Av`i-h‡Zœ †e‡o DV‡Z jvM‡jv Kve¨| GKw`b gv j¶¨ Ki‡jb †Q‡j Avcb g‡b KvM‡R AuvwK-eywK Ki‡Q;
wZwb ey‡S †M‡jb gy‡L fvlv bv _vK‡jI Zzwji AuvP‡oB †m GKw`b wek¦Rq Ki‡e| ¯^vgxi mv‡_ civgk© K‡i †Q‡ji AuvKv-AuvwKi Rb¨ hv
hv Kiv `iKvi me Ki‡jb| AvR †`‡k-we‡`‡k Kv‡e¨Õi AuvKv Qwe cÖ`k©bx n‡”Q; wewµ n‡”Q eûg–‡j¨|
K. evev-gvÕi †Kvb Av‡qvRb †`‡L myfvi ü`q AkÖ“-ev‡®• f‡i D‡VwQj? 1
L. ÔZzwg Avgv‡K hvB‡Z w`I bv gvÕÑ myfvi GB Awfe¨w³ eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. Kv‡e¨Õi evev-gvÕi mv‡_ ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi evev-gvÕi ˆemv`„k¨ †`LvI| 3
N. Dchy³ cwi‡ek I cwiPh©v †c‡j Kv‡e¨Õi g‡Zv myfv mgv‡Ri GKRb n‡q DV‡Z cviZÑ hyw³ `vI| 4
3bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h evev-gvi we‡`khvÎvi Av‡qvRb †`‡L myfvi ü`q AkÖ“-ev‡®• f‡i D‡VwQj|
i wbe©vK myfvi AmnvqZ¡ Ges cÖK…wZi cÖwZ Zvi wbf©iZv I AvkÖq jv‡fi evmbvi K_vwU cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³wUi gva¨‡g †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
evK&cÖwZeÜx myfvi AvkÖ‡qi Ab¨Zg RMr cÖK…wZ| wecyj wb¯@ä cÖK…wZi Kv‡Q †m cvq gyw³i ¯^v`| ZvB hLb KjKvZvq hvIqvi w`b avh©
nq ZLb ARvbv f‡q kw¼Z myfv wPicwiwPZ b`xZ‡U jywU‡q c‡o cÖK…wZ gv‡qi Kv‡Q AvkÖq cÖv_©bv K‡i| g–jZ †m †hgb cÖK…wZ‡K
fv‡jvev‡m †mB fv‡jvevmvi AwaKv‡i cÖK…wZi Kv‡Q †m AvkÖqcÖv_©x| cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³‡Z G welqwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : wbe©vK myfvi AmnvqZ¡ Ges cÖK…wZi cÖwZ Zvi wbf©iZv I AvkÖq jv‡fi evmbv †_‡K myfv cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³wU K‡i‡Q|
j cÖwZeÜx mš@v‡bi cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv I mn‡hvwMZvc–Y© g‡bvfv‡ei w`K †_‡K Kv‡e¨i evev-gvÕi mv‡_ myfvi evev-gv‡qi ˆemv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfv GKRb evK&cÖwZeÜx| cÖwZewÜZvi Kvi‡Y mge‡qwmiv †KD Zvi mv‡_ wgk‡Z Pvq bv| GgbwK Rš§`vÎx gvI Zv‡K
M‡f©i Kj¼ e‡j g‡b K‡i| GgZve¯’vq Amnvq myfv evevi Kv‡Q †ønv`i †c‡jI mgv‡Ri Pv‡c †mB evevI Zv‡K GKiKg AwbwðZ
fwel¨‡Zi w`‡K †V‡j †`q|
DÏxc‡Ki Kve¨ evK&cÖwZeÜx n‡q Rš§ wb‡j Zvi evev-gv nxbgb¨Zvq bv †fv‡M Zv‡K m‡ø‡n e‡ov K‡i †Zv‡jb| kyay ZvB bq, Zviv Zvi
AvuKvi cÖwZfv‡KI Kv‡R jvMv‡jb| evev-gv‡qi Avš@wiK †Póvq Kve¨ AvR GK mdj wPÎwkíx| c¶vš@‡i, ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvI GKRb
evK&cÖwZeÜx| Avi mK‡ji g‡Zv K_v ej‡Z cv‡i bv e‡j †m Zvi evev-gv‡qi g‡b †hb bxie ü`qfv‡ii g‡Zv wQj| gv Zv‡K wb‡Ri
ΓwU¯^iƒc †`L‡Zb Avi evev mgv‡Ri Pv‡c †g‡qi fwelr‡KB RjvÄjx w`‡q e‡mb| Zv‡`i Ggb AvPiY Kv‡e¨i evev-gv‡qi AvPi‡Yi
wecixZ| G w`K †_‡K Kv‡e¨i evev-gvÕi mv‡_ myfvi evev-gv‡qi ˆemv`„k¨ cÖZxqgvb nq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : cÖwZeÜx mš@v‡bi cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv I mn‡hvwMZvc–Y© g‡bvfv‡ei w`K †_‡K Kv‡e¨i evev-gvÕi mv‡_ myfvi evev-gv‡qi ˆemv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
k ÔDchy³ cwi‡ek I cwiPh©v †c‡j Kv‡e¨i g‡Zv myfvI mgv‡Ri GKRb n‡q DV‡Z cviZ|ÕÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfv K_v ej‡Z cviZ bv| evK&cÖwZeÜx nIqvq mgvR GgbwK cwieviI Zv‡K `–‡i †V‡j †`q| d‡j mK‡ji Abv`i I
Ae‡njv m‡q Zv‡K w`bvwZcvZ Ki‡Z nq| GgZve¯’vq fvM¨ weo¤^bvi wkKvi myfv mK‡ji †_‡K wb‡R‡K MywU‡q †bq Ges wbe©vK
cÖK…wZ‡K AvkÖq K‡i evuPvi †Póv K‡i|
DÏxc‡K Kve¨ bv‡gi GK evK&cÖwZeÜxi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| Zvi cÖwZewÜZvi welqwU Rvbvi ci Zvi gv wg‡mm kixdv †gv‡UI DwØMœ
nbwb| Dciš‘ wZwb Zvi ¯^vgx‡KI †evSvb| Zviv Kve¨‡K me mgq †ønv`i w`‡q AvM‡j iv‡Lb Ges Zvi cÖwZfv weKv‡ki cÖwZ
g‡bv‡hvMx nb| Ae‡k‡l Zv‡`i Avš@wiK †Póvq Kve¨ GKRb ¯^bvgab¨ wPÎwkíx wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K cÖwZwôZ K‡i|
ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi †K›`ªxq PwiÎ myfv Rš§ †_‡KB K_v ej‡Z cv‡i bv| GRb¨ cÖwZ‡ekxiv myfvi mvg‡bB Zvi AbvMZ fwel¨r wb‡q DrKÉv
cÖKvk KiZ| GgbwK Zvi gv ch©š@ Zv‡K wb‡Ri M‡f©i Kj¼ Ávb KiZ| Ggb Ae¯’vq myfv GKiKg eva¨ n‡q Ab¨ mK‡ji †_‡K
wb‡R‡K MywU‡q †bq| c¶vš@‡i, DÏxc‡Ki Kve¨ evev-gvi mn‡hvwMZvq wb‡R‡K †hvM¨iƒ‡c M‡o †Zv‡j| AvR wPÎwkíx wn‡m‡e
†`k-we‡`‡k †m mgv`„Z| e¯‘Z, evev-gv‡qi Avš@wiK †Póv I mn‡hvwMZvB Zv‡K AvR‡Ki Ae¯’v‡b wb‡q G‡m‡Q| G‡¶‡Î Kv‡e¨i
g‡Zv cwiev‡ii mK‡ji mn‡hvwMZv †c‡j Av‡jvP¨ M‡íi myfvI mgv‡R †hvM¨ gvbyl wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z cviZ| †mw`K
we‡ePbvq, cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_vh_ A_©en|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Dchy³ cwi‡ek I cwiPh©v †c‡j Kv‡e¨i g‡Zv myfvI mgv‡Ri GKRb n‡q DV‡Z m¶g n‡Zv|
cÖkœ  04 Aa¨vcK W±i gbRyi ikx‡`i M‡elYvi welq wQj bvU¨mvwnZ¨| bvU‡Ki cÖwZ Zuvi fxlY AvMÖn; bvUK †j‡Lb, bvU¨i–c †`b
Avevi gÂvq‡biI e¨e¯’v K‡ib| wbR †Rjv Kzwóqvi wewfbœ †jvKKwei cvjvMvb I Kvwnwb msMÖ‡ni Kv‡R nvZ †`b| GKevi cÙv-MovB
b`xi ZxieZ©x GjvKvi `yBRb †jvKKwei †jvKMv_v msMÖn K‡i bvU¨i–c †`b Ges wb‡RB cwiPvjbv I wb‡`©kbv w`‡q †mMy‡jv †`‡k-we‡`‡k
gÂvq‡bi I cÖPv‡ii e¨e¯’v K‡ib|
K. cwjÐmvwnZ¨ m¤•‡`i g‡a¨ †KvbMy‡jv Ag–j¨ iZœwe‡kl? 1
L. ÔAvR `yt‡L ˆ`‡b¨ cÖv‡Y myL †bBÕÑ †jL‡Ki GB nZvkvi KviY Kx? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Aa¨vcK W±i gbRyi ikx‡`i Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g ÔcwjÐmvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Üi †h w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Aa¨vcK W±i gbRyi ikx` †hb W±i gyn¤§` knx`yjÐvni Kvw¸¶Z †¯^”Qv‡meK `‡ji mv_©K cÖwZwbwaÑ we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  20

4bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb

h cwjÐmvwnZ¨ m¤•‡`i g‡a¨ cwjÐMvbMy‡jv Ag–j¨ iZœwe‡kl|
i gv‡qi †mB Nygcvovwb Mvb, †LvKvLywKi mim Qov †bB e‡j AvR `yt‡L-ˆ`‡b¨ cÖv‡Y myL †bB|
mvwn‡Z¨i Drm f–wg n‡jv cwj­MÖvg| GKmgq cwj­evsjvi me©ÎB †jvKmvwn‡Z¨i PP©v wQj| iƒcK_v, cwj­Mv_v, Qov, cÖev`, Nygcvovwb Mvb
BZ¨vw` mevi gy‡L gy‡L _vKZ| wKš‘ AvaywbK mvwn‡Z¨i cÖfv‡e cwj­i gv‡qi †mB Nygcvovwb Mvb, †LvKv-LywKi gb fyjv‡bv Qov Avi †`Lv
hvq bv| g–jZ cwj­mvwn‡Z¨i `ytL I ˆ`‡b¨i Kvi‡YB cÖv‡Y gvby‡li myL †bB|
Dˇii g–jK_v : AvaywbK mvwn‡Z¨i cÖfv‡e †jvKmvwn‡Z¨i PP©v w`b w`b K‡g hv‡”Q| G ˆ`b¨`kvi Kvi‡Y cÖv‡Y myL Abyfe Kiv Am¤¢e n‡q co‡Q|
j DÏxc‡Ki Aa¨vcK W±i gbRyi ikx‡`i Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g ÔcwjÐmvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Ü D‡jÐwLZ †jvKmvwnZ¨ cÖPvi I msi¶‡Yi w`KwU
cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
ÔcwjÐmvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Ü cÖvewÜK G‡`‡ki mg„× cwjÐmvwn‡Z¨i MyYgv‡bi D‡jÐL K‡i GMy‡jv msi¶‡Y GwM‡q Avmvi Rb¨ ZvwM` w`‡q‡Qb|
Zuvi g‡Z, cwjÐi wbf…©Z †Kv‡Y jywK‡q _vKv Gme mvwnZ¨ Dcv`vb My‡Y I gv‡b Abb¨| Avi ZvB GMy‡jvi msi¶Y I cÖPvi-cÖmv‡i meviB
D‡`¨vMx nIqv cÖ‡qvRb|
DÏxc‡Ki W±i gbRyi ikx` bvU¨PP©vq AvMÖnx| GiB Ask wn‡m‡e wZwb bvUK wj‡Lb I msMÖn K‡ib| Z‡e bvUK wj‡L ev msMÖn K‡iB
wZwb ¶vš@ _v‡Kb bv| Gi cvkvcvwk GMy‡jvi cÖPvi-cÖmv‡ii Rb¨ gÂvq‡biI e¨e¯’v K‡ib| GKBfv‡e, ÔcwjÐmvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡ÜI cÖvewÜK
cwjÐmvwn‡Z¨i wewfbœ w`K m¤•‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i‡Qb| kyay ZvB bq, MyYgvb we‡ePbvq Gme mvwnZ¨ Dcv`vb msi¶Y I cÖPvi cÖmv‡ii
K_vI e‡j‡Qb wZwb| DÏxc‡Ki Aa¨vcK W±i gbRyi ikx‡`i Kv‡Ri ga¨ w`‡q Av‡jvP¨ cÖe‡Üi G w`KwUiB cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Aa¨vcK W±i gbRyi ikx‡`i Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g ÔcwjÐmvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Ü D‡jÐwLZ †jvKmvwnZ¨ cÖPvi I msi¶‡Yi w`KwU
cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki Aa¨vcK W±i gbRyi ikx` †hb W±i gyn¤§` knx`yjÐvn&i Kvw¸¶Z †¯^”Qv‡meK `‡ji mv_©K cÖwZwbwa|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_vh_|
ÔcwjÐmvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Ü cÖvewÜK GKwU mg„× mvwnZ¨ Avw½K wn‡m‡e cwjÐmvwnZ¨ m¤•‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i‡Qb| Avi Zv Ki‡Z wM‡q wZwb
cwjÐmvwn‡Z¨i eZ©gvb `yie¯’vi K_v D‡jÐL K‡i Gi fwel¨r wb‡q k¼v cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| G‡¶‡Î Zuvi GKUvB cÖZ¨vkv, mgv‡Ri wkw¶Z
I m‡PZb Ask †hb Ag–j¨ GB mvwnZ¨ fvÊvi i¶vq m‡Pó nq|
DÏxc‡K Aa¨vcK W±i gbRyi ikx` bv‡gi GK bvU¨‡cÖgx e¨w³i K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| Zuvi M‡elYvi welq wQj bvU¨mvwnZ¨| G wel‡q KvR Ki‡Z
wM‡q bvU‡Ki cÖwZ Zuvi AbyivM ˆZwi nq Ges wZwb bvUK iPbvq I msi¶‡Y g‡bv‡hvMx nb| kyay ZvB bq, Gme bvU‡Ki cÖPvi-cÖmv‡ii Rb¨ wZwb
GMy‡jv gÂvq‡bi e¨e¯’vI K‡ib| G‡¶‡Î Zuvi HKvwš@K cÖ‡Póvi Kvi‡YB Gme mvwnZ¨-Dcv`vb †`‡k-we‡`‡k cÖPvi cv‡”Q|
ÔcwjÐmvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Ü cÖvewÜK cwjÐi ci‡Z ci‡Z Qwo‡q _vKv wewfbœ mvwnZ¨ Dcv`vb‡K Ag–j¨ Ávb K‡i GMy‡jvi Myi“Z¡ m¤•‡K© Avgv‡`i
AewnZ K‡i‡Qb cvkvcvwk Ag–j¨ GB mvwnZ¨ fvÊvi‡K msi¶Y I cwiPh©vi Rb¨ Dchy³ I g‡bv‡hvMx †¯^”Qv‡meK‡`i n¯@‡¶cI Kvgbv
K‡i‡Qb, hviv mg„× GB mvwnZ¨ fvÊvi‡K ˆewk¦K cwigʇj Zz‡j ai‡e| DÏxc‡Ki Aa¨vcK W±i gbRyi ikx` GgbB GKRb
AvÍm‡PZb mvwnZ¨ AbyivMx| GKvi‡Y G‡`‡ki bvU¨ mvwnZ¨ msMÖ‡ni cvkvcvwk wZwb †`‡k-we‡`‡k GMy‡jvi cÖPv‡iiI e¨e¯’v K‡i‡Qb|
G w`K we‡ePbvq cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_vh_ A_©en|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Aa¨vcK W±i gbRyi ikx` †hb W±i gyn¤§` knx`yjÐvn&i Kvw¸¶Z †¯^”Qv‡meK `‡ji mv_©K cÖwZwbwa|
cÖkœ  05 Avivd Avi Avqgvb †hb GKe„‡š@ `ywU Kzmyg| GBPGmwm cv‡mi ci `yRbB fwZ© n‡jv Zv‡`i Kvw¸¶Z I ¯^‡cœi ey‡q‡U| Gi
g‡a¨ Avqgvb Av‡gwiKvi wewfbœ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †LuvR-Lei †bqÑKviY, ey‡qU †kl K‡i †m Av‡gwiKv cvwo Rgv‡Z Pvq| wKš‘ Aviv‡di
GKK_v cov‡kvbv †kl K‡i †m †`‡kB _vK‡e| hv Ki‡e †`‡ki Rb¨B Ki‡eÑ Gfv‡e mevB †`k †Q‡o †M‡j †`kB ev Kxfv‡e mg„w×
AR©b Ki‡e? AvR Avqgvb Av‡gwiKvq cÖwZwôZ| wKš‘ Zvi gb c‡o _v‡K †`‡ki we¯@xY© gvV, AevwiZ avb‡LZ, eÜy-evÜe, Qy‡UvQywU
Gm‡ei g‡a¨ Aviv‡di mv‡_ K_v ej‡jB †m Zvi †d‡j hvIqv me wKQy wb‡q Av‡eMvcÐyZ n‡q c‡o|
K. ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi Aó‡Ki wgjweb¨vm Kxi–c? 1
L. ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq Kwe K‡cvZv¶ b`‡K `y»‡mªv‡Zvi–cx e‡j‡Qb †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki †klvs‡k Avqgv‡bi gva¨‡g ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi Kwei g‡bvfv‡ei †Kvb we‡kl w`KwUi Bw½Z i‡q‡QÑ e¨vL¨v
K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Avivd I Avqgvb ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq cÖwZdwjZ g–j †PZbv‡KB aviY K‡i Av‡Q Ñ we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
5bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi Aó‡Ki wgjweb¨vm n‡jvÑ KLKL KLLK|
i Kwei Kv‡Q Rb¥f‚wg gv‡qi g‡Zv e‡j K‡cvZv¶ b`‡K wZwb Ô`y»-†mªv‡ZviƒcxÕ e‡j‡Qb|
K‡cvZv¶ Kwei ¯§„wZweRwoZ GKwU b`| gv †hgb Zvi mš@vb‡K wbweo ggZvq ey‡Ki `ya cvb Kwi‡q euvwP‡q iv‡Lb, †Zgwb K‡cvZv‡¶i
Rj evsjvi Rbc‡`i gv‡S cÖvYmÂvi K‡i| ZvB Kwe K‡cvZv¶ b‡`i Rj‡K Ô`y»-†mªv‡ZviƒcxÕ wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Kwei Kv‡Q Rb¥f‚wg gv‡qi g‡Zv e‡j K‡cvZv¶ b`‡K wZwb Ô`y»-†mªv‡ZviƒcxÕ e‡j‡Qb|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  21

j DÏxc‡Ki †klvs‡k Avqgv‡bi gva¨‡g ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi Kwei ¯§„wZKvZiZvi w`KwUi Bw½Z i‡q‡Q|
ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ GKwU ¯§„wZPviYg–jK KweZv| G KweZvq ˆkk‡ei wcÖq b` K‡cvZv¶‡K wN‡i Kwe Zvi ü`qv‡e‡Mi ewntcÖKvk
NwU‡q‡Qb| Gi ga¨ w`‡q g–jZ Kwei AK…wÎg †`kv͇evaB cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki Avqgvb ey‡q‡U cov‡kvbv †kl K‡i Av‡gwiKvq cvwo Rgvb| D¾¡j fwel¨‡Zi K_v wPš@v K‡i Av‡gwiKvq G‡m AvR wZwb
†mLv‡bB cÖwZwôZ| Z‡e Av‡gwiKvq cÖwZôv jv‡fi ciI wZwb wbR †`k‡K we¯§„Z n‡Z c‡ibwb| Avi ZvB kZ Kg©e¨¯@Zvi gv‡SI
†`kgvZ…Kv Ges cwiRb‡`i ¯§„wZ Zvi evievi g‡b c‡o| GKBfv‡e ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi KweI ˆkk‡ei ¯§„wZ weRwoZ K‡cvZv‡¶i
K_v †f‡e AvKzj| wcÖq K‡cvZv‡¶i KjaŸwb †hb me©`vB Zvi Kv‡b ev‡R| Gw`K we‡ePbvq DÏxc‡Ki †klvs‡k Avqgv‡bi †`‡ki ¯§„wZ
†ivg¯’‡bi gva¨‡g Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi Kwei ¯§„wZKvZiZvi w`KwUB Bw½Zen n‡q D‡V‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki †klvs‡k Avigv‡bi gva¨‡g ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi Kwei ¯§„wZKvZiZvi w`KwUi Bw½Z i‡q‡Q|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki Avivd I Avqgvb ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq cÖwZdwjZ g–j †PZbv‡KB aviY K‡i Av‡Q|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq Kwei ˆkk‡ei wcÖq b` K‡cvZv¶‡K †K›`ª K‡i ¯§„wZKvZiZvi Aš@iv‡j AZy¨¾¡j †`k‡cÖg cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
KweZvwUi cy‡ivfvM Ry‡o G welqwUB we‡klfv‡e †Pv‡L c‡o|
DÏxc‡K Avivd Ges Avqgvb bv‡gi `yB eÜyi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| GBPGmwm cix¶vi ci GB `yRb †gavex QvÎ evsjv‡`k cÖ‡KŠkj
wek¦we`¨vj‡q (ey‡qU) fwZ© nq| Gi g‡a¨ Avivd †`k‡K fv‡jv‡e‡m †`‡k †_‡K †M‡jI Avqgvb D¾¡j fwel¨‡Zi K_v wPš@v K‡i
Av‡gwiKvq cwo Rgvq| Z‡e †mLv‡b wM‡qI †m Zvi wbR †`k‡K, †`‡ki cÖK…wZ I cwiRb‡`i fzj‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB †d‡j Avmv Gme
w`‡bi ¯§„wZ wPš@v K‡i †m AcÐyZ nq|
ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq ¯§„wZKvZiZvi Avov‡j Kwei AZz¨¾¡j †`k‡cÖg cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| cÖwZôv jv‡fi Avkvq Kwe my`–i d«v‡Ý cvwo
Rgvb| wKš‘ cÖev‡m Ae¯’vb K‡iI wZwb Rš§f‚wgi wcÖq b` K‡cvZv¶‡K fzj‡Z cv‡ibwb| GKBfv‡e DÏxc‡Ki Avivd gvZ…f‚wgi Uv‡b
†`‡k †_‡K †M‡jI Avqgvb cÖwZôv jv‡fi Avkvq Av‡gwiKvq P‡j hvq| wKš‘ †mLv‡b cÖwZwôZ nIqvi ciI †m †`‡ki cÖK…wZ Ges
cwiRb‡`i K_v †f‡e AvcÐyZ nq| G‡¶‡Î †`kvZ¡‡evaB Avqgv‡bi ¯§„wZKvZiZvi KviY, hv Av‡jvP¨ KweZviI g–jfve| †mw`K we‡ePbvq
cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_v_© A_©en|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Avivd I Avqgvb ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq cÖwZdwjZK g–j †PZbv‡KB aviY K‡i Av‡Q|
cÖkœ  06 †Q‡ji Amy¯’Zvi Lie †c‡q evwo‡Z Qy‡U Av‡mb cvMj cÖvq dvinvbvÑe¨¯@ I DwØMœ Ae¯’vq ¯^vgx‡KI Lei cvVvb| N‡i
wd‡i †`‡Lb R¡‡i †Q‡ji Mv cy‡o hv‡”Q| Suvodz‡Ki Rb¨ Zvi kvkywo MÖv‡gi Bw`ªm †gvjÐv‡K wb‡q G‡m‡Qb| Gme ev` w`‡q dvinvbv
†Q‡j‡K wb‡q `ª“Z wPwKrm‡Ki kiYvcbœ nb; †W½y Avk¼v K‡i wPwKrmK cix¶v-wbix¶v I cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’vcÎ w`‡jb| ciw`b
cix¶vi wi‡cvU© †W½y kbv³ nq Ges †Q‡ji cÐvwU‡jU `ª“Z Kg‡Z _v‡K| dvinvbv †Q‡j‡K nvmcvZv‡j fwZ© Kwi‡q bvIqv-LvIqv fz‡j
mviv¶Y †Q‡ji †mev K‡i Zv‡K mvwi‡q †Zv‡jb| Gw`‡K Zvi kvkywo bvwZi †ivMgyw³ Kvgbv K‡i gmwR‡` `vb Kivi gvbZ K‡ib|
K. Rmxg D`&`x‡bi †Kvb MÖš’wU we‡`wk fvlvq Abyw`Z nq? 1
L. Ô†h K_v fvwe‡Z civb wkn‡i ZvB fv‡m wnqv‡Kv‡YÕÑ K_vwU Øviv Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki kvkywoi g‡a¨ ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi †h we‡kl w`‡Ki cÖwZ‡djb N‡U‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. cwiw¯’wZ I †cÖ¶vcU wfbœ n‡jI dvinvbv I ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ GKm–‡Î Muv_vÑwe‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
6bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h Rmxg D`&`x‡bi Ôb·x Kuv_vi gvVÕ MÖš’wU we‡`wk fvlvq Ab–w`Z nq|
i cÖ‡kœv³ jvBbwU‡Z †Q‡ji g„Zz¨k¼v gv‡qi g‡b †h AvZ¼ m„wó K‡i‡Q Zv †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
i“M&Y †Q‡ji A‡bK K_v gv †kv‡b Ges †Q‡j‡K Nygv‡Z e‡j| wKš‘ †Q‡ji †Pv‡L wKQy‡ZB Nyg Av‡m bv| gv †Q‡ji Rb¨ KZ gvbZ K‡i
`iMvq, KZ Av`ihZœ †X‡j †`q †Q‡j‡K| wKš‘ GiciI Zvi g‡b †Q‡j‡K nviv‡bvi fq †R‡M I‡V| gv‡qi †Pv‡Li mvg‡b †Q‡j webv
wPwKrmvq P‡j hv‡e c„w_ex †Q‡o G †hb gv‡qi ey‡K †k‡ji g‡Zv weu‡a| Ggb K_v fve‡ZB gv‡qi gb AuvZ‡K I‡V wKš‘ Ggb fvebvq
†hb gv‡K me©¶Y fvevq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : mš@vb nviv‡bvi K_v gv‡qi †fZ‡i RvMÖZ n‡j †Kv‡bv gv Zv mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| mš@vb nviv‡bvi †m Avk¼v cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q
cÖ‡kœv³ jvBbwU‡Z|
j DÏxc‡Ki kvkywoi g‡a¨ ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi gv‡qi mš@v‡bi †ivMgyw³i Rb¨ cÖv_©bv Ges Kzms¯‹v‡ii w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq Kwe Amy¯’ mš@v‡bi cv‡k ivZ RvMv GK gv‡qi g‡bvKó Ges Amnvq‡Z¡i ¯^iƒc Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| `vwi‡`ª¨i Kvi‡Y
mš@v‡bi wPwKrmvi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z cv‡iwb e‡j Zvi †L‡`i Aš@ †bB| Amnvq gv ZvB †Q‡ji my¯’Zv Kvgbvq gnvb AvjÐvni `iev‡i
cÖv_©bv Rvbvb Ges `iMvq `vb gv‡bb|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  22
DÏxc‡Ki kvkywo eq¯‹ I mbvZb wPš@vavivi gvbyl| AvaywbK wPwKrmv c×wZ m¤•‡K© Zvi aviYv Kg| Avi ZvB Amy¯’ bvwZi †ivMgyw³i
Rb¨ wZwb Suvodzu‡Ki g‡Zv Kzms¯‹vig–jK c×wZ Aej¤^b K‡ib| GKB mv‡_ bvwZi my¯’Zv Kvgbvq wZwb gmwR‡` `vbI gvbZ K‡ib|
GKBfv‡e ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi Amnvq gvI mš@v‡bi my¯’Zvi Rb¨ gmwR‡` †gvgevwZ Ges `iMvq `vb gv‡b| cvkvcvwk Suvodzu‡K wek¦vm
Ges ûZzg †cuPvi WvK‡K AKj¨vYKi g‡b Kivi g‡Zv Kzms¯‹v‡iI †m wek¦vm K‡i| DÏxc‡Ki kvkywoi gv‡S cwjÐgv‡qi GB ag©wek¦vm I
Kzms¯‹viv”QbœZvi w`KwUB cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki kvkywoi g‡a¨ ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi gv‡qi mš@v‡bi †ivMgyw³i Rb¨ cÖv_©bv Ges Kzms¯‹v‡ii w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
k Òcwiw¯’wZ I †cÖ¶vcU wfbœ n‡jI AcZ¨‡ø‡ni w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki dvinvbv I ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi gv GKm–‡Î Muv_vÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq Kwe Amy¯’ mš@v‡bi kh¨vi cv‡k wewb`ª ivZ hvcbKvix GK gv‡qi Aš@h©vZbvi ga¨ w`‡q gvZ…‡ø‡ni wPiš@b
iƒcwU‡K dzwU‡q Zz‡j‡Qb| `vwi‡`ª¨i Kvi‡Y gv Zvi mš@v‡bi wPwKrmv ev Ilyac‡_¨i e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| G Kvi‡Y mš@vb nviv‡bvi
k¼vq gv‡qi gb AvR fvivµvš@| GgZve¯’vq gv Zvi ey‡Ki meUzKz †øn-fv‡jvevmv mš@vb‡K wewj‡q w`‡q‡Qb|
DÏxc‡Ki dvinvbv GKRb †ønkxjv gv| ZvB †Q‡ji Amy¯’Zvi Lei Zv‡K D`&weMœ K‡i †Zv‡j| Avi Amy¯’ †Q‡j‡K my¯’ K‡i Zzj‡Z
wZwb e¨¯@ n‡q c‡ob| GRb¨ †Q‡j‡K wb‡q wZwb `ª“Z wPwKrm‡Ki Kv‡Q hvb| cix¶v-wbix¶vi ci †Q‡ji †W½yR¡i aiv co‡j wZwb
†Q‡j‡K nvmcvZv‡j fwZ© Kivb Ges ivZ †R‡M Zvi kyk–lÖ v K‡ib| Ggb AvPi‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q dvinvbvi gvZ…g‡bi cwiPq †g‡j|
ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq Kwe GK Amnvq I `wi`ª gv‡qi `yie¯’vi ga¨ w`‡q mš@v‡bi Rb¨ gvZ…ü`‡qi e¨vKzjZv‡K g–Z© K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb|
Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y †ivMvµvš@ †Q‡ji cÖ‡qvRbxq wPwKrmvi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z bv cvi‡jI ey‡Ki meUzKz †øn w`‡q mš@vb‡K †m AvM‡j iv‡L| kyay
ZvB bq, g„Zz¨ c_hvÎx †Q‡ji my¯’Zv Kvgbvq AvjÐvni `iev‡i †Ku‡` eyK fvmvq| GKBfv‡e, DÏxc‡Ki dvinvbvI mš@v‡bi wPwKrmvi
me e¨e¯’v K‡i †Q‡ji kh¨vi cv‡k wewb`ª ivZ Rv‡Mb| G‡¶‡Î Avw_©K Ae¯’v Ges †cÖ¶vcU wfbœ n‡jI Dfq gv‡qi g‡a¨ AcZ¨‡ø‡ni
w`KwUB cÖvavb¨ †c‡q‡Q| †m we‡ePbvq cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_vh_|
Dˇii g–jK_v : cwiw¯’wZ I †cÖ¶vcU wfbœ n‡jI AcZ¨‡ø‡ni w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki dvinvbv I ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi gv GKm–‡Î Muv_v|
cÖkœ  07 †gwW‡K‡j covi my‡hvM cvqwb e‡j myBwU bvIqv-LvIqv me ev` w`‡q‡Q; †hvMv‡hvM eÜ K‡i‡Q eÜy-ev܇ei mv‡_I| Zvi
†mB GK K_v ÔAvgv‡K w`‡q wK”Qy n‡e bvÕ-†m Avi cov‡kvbvI Ki‡Z Pvq bv| †g‡qi K_v ky‡b evev nv‡mbÑ e‡jb, gvbeRxebB n‡jv
msMÖv‡gi, †gwW‡K‡j covB Rxe‡bi me bq, Zzwg †Zvgvi †gav †h-†Kv‡bv Kv‡R jvwM‡q mdj n‡Z cv‡i| †Kv‡bv mvaviY wel‡q cov‡kvbv
K‡i Zzwg ÔAmvaviYÕ n‡q DV‡Z cv‡iv, cÖwZwU `vwqZ¡kxj I mgqvbyeZ©x gvbyl c„w_ex‡Z mdjZvi ¯^v¶i †i‡L‡Qb| evevi K_v †g‡b myBwU
AvR GKRb mdj wewmGm Kg©KZ©v| A‡b‡Ki Av`k©-AbyKiYxq|
K. ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvq Avqy‡K Kx‡mi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q? 1
L. Ômsmv‡i msmvix mvRÕ Ñ K_vwU Øviv Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. myBwUi †gwW‡K‡j covi my‡hvM bv cvIqvi g‡bv‡e`bv ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvi mv‡_ †h w`K †_‡K mv`„k¨c–Y© Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Ômvabv I cig‰ah© gvbyl‡K †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z cv‡i mdjZvi D”P wkL‡iÕÑDÏxcK I KweZvi Av‡jv‡K gš@e¨wUi †hŠw³KZv
†`LvI| 4
7bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvq Avqy‡K ˆkev‡ji bx‡ii mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
i Ômv‡i msmvix mvRÕ ej‡Z Kwe gvbeRxe‡b msmviag© cvj‡bi Myi“Z‡¡ K eywS‡q‡Qb|
Kwe g‡b K‡ib, msmvi Ki‡Z n‡j msmv‡ii `vwqZ¡ h_vh_fv‡e cvjb Kiv DwPZ| KviY, gvbeRxe‡b msmviag© cvjb Kiv Awbevh©|
GLv‡b ˆeivM¨fv‡ei †Kv‡bv ¯’vb †bB| msmv‡i cÖ‡Z¨K gvby‡liB †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv `vwqZ¡ i‡q‡Q| ZvB cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB DwPZ Zv‡`i wbR
wbR KvR mwVKfv‡e m¤•bœ Kiv| KviY Gi gva¨‡gB RM‡Zi g½j mvwaZ nq| cÖ‡kœv³ cs&w³wU Øviv Kwe G welqxU‡KB eywS‡q‡Qb|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Ômsmv‡i msmvix mvRÕ ej‡Z Kwe gvbeRxe‡b msmviag© cvj‡bi Myi“Z¡‡K eywS‡q‡Qb|
j myBwUi †gwW‡K‡j covi my‡hvM bv cvIqvi g‡bv‡e`bv ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvi mv‡_ ˆbivk¨ev`x‡`i g‡bvfve Zz‡j aivi w`K †_‡K mv`„k¨c–Y©|
ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvq Kwe gvbe Rxe‡bi D‡Ïk¨ m¤•‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i‡Qb| Avi Zv Ki‡Z wM‡q wZwb Rxeb m¤•‡K©
ˆbivk¨ev`x‡`i g‡bvfve‡KI D‡š§vPb K‡i‡Qb| G cÖK…wZi gvby‡liv g‡b K‡ib gvbe Rxeb ˆkev‡ji bx‡ii g‡Zv ¶Y¯’vqx| Avi Zv
wbkvi ¯^c‡bi g‡ZvB A_©nxb|
DÏxc‡Ki myBwU †gwW‡K‡j cov‡KB Rxe‡bi D‡Ïk¨ wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Q| Avi ZvB †gwW‡K‡ji fwZ© cix¶vq K…ZKvh© bv nIqvq
wb‡R‡K †m e¨v_© g‡b K‡i Ges Ab¨ mK‡ji †_‡K wb‡R‡K MywU‡q †bq| DÏxc‡K dz‡U IVv Zvi GB nZvkv I AvÍMÐvwbi w`KwU ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ
KweZvi ˆbivk¨ev`x‡`i K_vB g‡b Kwi‡q †`q| †Kbbv, myBwUi g‡Zv ZvivI ¶Y¯’vqx Rxe‡bi †Kv‡bv A_© Lyu‡R cvq bv| ZvB Rxeb‡K
wbi_©K g‡b K‡i Zviv nv-ûZvk K‡i| G we‡ePbvq, DÏxc‡Ki myBwUi †gwW‡K‡j covi my‡hvM bv cvIqvi g‡bv‡e`bv Av‡jvP¨ KweZvq
DwjÐwLZ ˆbivk¨ev`x‡`i gvbwmKZv Zz‡j aivi w`K †_‡K mv`„k¨c–Y©|
Dˇii g–jK_v : myBwUi †gwW‡K‡j covi my‡hvM bv cvIqvi g‡bv‡e`bv ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvi mv‡_ ˆbivk¨ev`x‡`i g‡bvfve Zz‡j aivi w`K †_‡K
mv`„k¨c–Y©|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  23

k Ômvabv I cig ˆah© gvbyl‡K †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z cv‡i mdjZvi D”P wkL‡iÕÑDÏxcK I ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvi Av‡jv‡K gš@e¨wU †hŠw³K
e‡jB g‡b Kwi|
ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvq Kwe gvbe Rxe‡bi Zvrch©‡K Avgv‡`i mvg‡b DÌvcb K‡i‡Qb| wZwb g‡b K‡ib, gvbe Rxeb ¶Y¯’vqx n‡jI
Zv AZ¨š@ g–j¨evb| Avi ZvB ˆah© I mvabvi Øviv gnrKg© m¤•v`‡bi gva¨‡g Rxeb‡K A_©en I mdj K‡i Zzj‡Z n‡e|
DÏxc‡K myBwU bv‡gi GK †gwW‡Kj fwZ©”Qy wk¶v_©xi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| †gwW‡Kj fwZ© cix¶vq AK…ZKvh© n‡q †m gvbwmKfv‡e †f‡O c‡o
Ges nZvkvq gMœ nq| GgZve¯’vq Zvi evev Zv‡K †evSvb Ges †h-†Kv‡bv welq wb‡q c‡oI †h mdj nIqv hvq G wel‡q civgk© †`b|
evevi civgk© I Drmv‡n †m AbycÖvwYZ nq| Gfv‡e wbR †Póv I mvabvi Øviv AvR †m GKRb mdj wewmGm Kg©KZ©v wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K
cÖwZwôZ K‡i‡Q|
ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvq Kwe gvbe Rxe‡bi Av`k© I D‡Ïk¨ m¤•‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi g‡Z, gvbe Rxeb wbQK ¯^cœ I gvqvi
RMr bq| Avi ZvB e„_v mgq bó bv K‡i gnrK‡g©i ga¨ w`‡q Rxeb‡K gwngvwš^Z K‡i Zzj‡Z n‡e| c„w_exi mKj gnvgvbeMYI
GgbwUB K‡i †M‡Qb| hvi g–‡j i‡q‡Q Zv‡`i AMva Z¨vM, ˆah© I mvabv| DÏxc‡Ki myBwUi gv‡SI welqwU GKBfv‡e cwijw¶Z nq|
†Kbbv, wbiš@i †Póv, ˆah© I mvabvi e‡jB AvR †m wb‡R‡K cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q| †mw`K we‡ePbvq cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_vh_|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Ômvabv I cig ˆah© gvbyl‡K †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z cv‡i mdjZvi D”P wkL‡iÕÑDÏxcK I ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvi Av‡jv‡K gš@e¨wU †hŠw³K|
cÖkœ  08 1971 mv‡ji K_v| wK‡kvi Avwe` gv‡V †Ljv KiwQj| nVvr †`‡L Zvi MÖv‡gi wUcy †gvjÐv eyU-†nj‡gU civ GK`j †jvK‡K
A™¢yZ fvlvq K_v ej‡Z ej‡Z exi`‡c© MÖv‡g wfZi wb‡q hv‡”Q| wUcy †gvjÐv MÖv‡giB †jvK, ZvB Avwe` fve‡jv MÖv‡gi fv‡jvi Rb¨B †m
GB gvbylMy‡jv‡K wb‡q G‡m‡Q| wKQy¶Y ciB †`Lj `vD `vD K‡i mviv MÖvg R¡j‡Q| †`uŠ‡o Avwe` evwo wdij| wd‡i wM‡q †h `„k¨ †m
†`Lj Zv‡Z, †hb †m †kv‡K cv_i n‡q †Mj| Zvi evev-gv, fvB-†evb mevB‡K wbg©gfv‡e cywo‡q nZ¨v K‡i‡Q wUcy †gvjÐvi mv‡_ Avmv
†jv‡Kiv| me©¯^ nvwi‡q D`&ev¯‘ n‡q c‡o Avwe`| cÖwZ‡kva †bIqv Avi †`k‡K kΓgy³ Kivi `„p cÖZ¨‡q †Mwijv hy‡×i cÖwk¶Y wbj †m|
cÖ_g Awfhv‡b cywo‡q w`j wUcy †gvjÐvi evwo| Zvici †MÖ‡bW w`‡q Dwo‡q w`j H †jvKMy‡jvi K¨v¤•| `„wóRy‡o Zvi md‡j¨i nvwm|
K. eyav‡K ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ bvg w`‡qwQj Kviv? 1
L. Ôgi‡Yi K_v wPš@v Ki‡j hy× Kiv hvq bv|ÕÑKzwš@ †Kb G K_v e‡jwQj? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Avwe‡`i D`&evš‘ nIqvi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi Rxeb ev¯@eZvi ˆemv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Ô†cÖ¶vcU wfbœ n‡jI Avwe` I eyav GKB †PZbvi aviK|ÕÑgš@e¨wU g–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
8bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h eyav‡K KvKZvo~qv bvg w`‡qwQj Muv‡qi †jv‡Kiv|
i Ôgi‡Yi K_v wPš@v Ki‡j hy× Kiv hvq bvÕÑ Kzwš@i G K_vi ga¨ w`‡q fq wb‡q hy× Ki‡j †h civRq wbwðZÑ G K_v †evSv‡bv
n‡q‡Q|
hy× gv‡bB Rxeb-gi‡Yi cÖkœ| hy‡× †M‡j gvby‡li g„Zz¨ n‡e GUvB ¯^vfvweK| GRb¨ hviv hy‡× †h‡Z Pvq Zv‡`i g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv g„Zz¨ fq
_vKv Pj‡e bv| wKsev hy×Pjvi mg‡qI gi‡Yi K_v ¯§iY Kiv hv‡e bv| G‡Z g‡bi g‡a¨ f‡qi m„wó n‡e| gvbwmK g‡bvej my`„p
_vK‡e bv| d‡j hy‡× civRq mywbwðZ n‡q hv‡e| cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³wU Øviv GK_vB †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Av‡jvP¨ Dw³wU Øviv Kzwš@i K_vq Amxg mvn‡mi welqwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
j wcÖqRb nviv‡bvi †cÖ¶vcU we‡ePbvq DÏxc‡Ki Avwe‡`i DØv¯‘ nIqvi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi Rxeb ev¯@eZvi ˆemv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †K›`ªxq PwiÎ eyav bv‡gi GK wK‡kvi| K‡jivi cÖ‡Kv‡c GK iv‡Zi g‡a¨B eyav evev-gv mn cwiev‡ii mKj‡K
nvivq| GgZve¯’vq cÖv_wgKfv‡e PvwPi msmv‡i †m VuvB †c‡jI Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y GKch©v‡q PvwPI Zvi `vwqZ¡ wb‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡i| d‡j
GKiKg eva¨ n‡qB Zv‡K QbœQvov Rxeb MÖnY Ki‡Z nq|
DÏxc‡K 1971 mv‡ji gyw³hy‡×i mgq cvwK¯@vwb ˆmb¨ I Zv‡`i †`vmi‡`i †`Iqv AvMy‡b Avwe‡`i evev-gv gviv hvq| d‡j Zv‡K
DØv¯‘ Rxeb MÖnY Ki‡Z nq| G‡¶‡Î Av‡jvP¨ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Ges DÏxc‡Ki Avwe` Dfq‡K wcZv-gvZv nvwi‡q QbœQvov Rxe‡b bvg‡Z
n‡jI Gi KviY wQj wfbœ wfbœ| Gw`K †_‡K Zv‡`i Rxeb ev¯@eZvi ˆemv`„k¨ cÖZxqgvb nq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : wcÖqRb nviv‡bvi †cÖ¶vcU we‡ePbvq DÏxc‡Ki Avwe‡`i DØv¯‘ nIqvi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi Rxeb ev¯@eZvi ˆemv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
k Ò†cÖ¶vcU wfbœ n‡jI Avwe` I eyav GKB †PZbvi aviK|ÓÑ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨vm Ges DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K gš@e¨wU h_vh_ A_©en|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m Jcb¨vwmK eyav bv‡gi MÖv‡gi GK wK‡kvi‡K †K›`ª K‡i gyw³hy×Kvjxb ev¯@eZv‡K Avgv‡`i mvg‡b nvwRi
K‡i‡Qb| G Dcb¨v‡m wcZ…gvZ…nxb wK‡kvi eyav GK AKz‡Zvfq Ly‡` gyw³‡hv×v| MÖv‡gi gvbyl‡K cvwK¯@vwb evwnbxi AZ¨vPvi †_‡K i¶v
Ki‡Z Ges ¯^vaxbZv jv‡fi Rb¨ †m gyw³hy‡× AeZxY© nq|
DÏxc‡K Avwe` bv‡gi GK wK‡kvi gyw³‡hv×vi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| 1971 mv‡ji gyw³hy‡×i mgq cvwK¯@vwb ˆmb¨ I Zv‡`i G‡`kxq
†`vmiiv Zv‡`i MÖv‡g AvMyb †`q| †mB AvMy‡b Avwe‡`i cwiev‡ii mK‡j wbnZ nq| G NUbvi cÖwZ‡kva wb‡Z Ges †`k‡K kΓgy³ Kivi
cÖZ¨‡q †m gyw³hy‡× †hvM †`q Ges exi‡Z¡i mv‡_ †`wk-we‡`wk mKj kΓ‡`i †gvKvwejv K‡i| †`k I RvwZi kΓ‡`i aŸsm K‡i ZvB †m
mvd‡j¨i nvwm nv‡m|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  24
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ GKwU gyw³hy×wfwËK Dcb¨vm| G Dcb¨v‡m Jcb¨vwmK eyav bv‡gi GK GwZg wK‡kvi‡K Aej¤^b K‡i gyw³hy×Kvjxb
ev¯@eZv‡K DÌvcb K‡i‡Qb| evev-gv‡qi g„Zz¨i ci GwZg eyav Zvi QbœQvov Rxe‡b MÖvgevmx‡KB Avcb K‡i wb‡qwQj| wKš‘ Zvi
†Pv‡Li mvg‡bB cvwK¯@vwb ˆmb¨iv †mB MÖvgevmxi Ici AgvbywlK wbcxoY I nZ¨hÁ Pvjvq| G NUbvq eyav nZevK n‡q hvq| ZvB
GmKj kΓi nvZ †_‡K MÖvgevmxmn †`k‡K i¶v Kivi cÖZ¨‡q †m hy‡× AeZxY© nq| GKBfv‡e, DÏxc‡Ki Avwe`I wcZ…gvZ… nZ¨vi
cÖwZ‡kva wb‡Z Ges †`k‡K kΓgy³ Ki‡Z gyw³hy‡× †hvM †`q| A_©vr †cÖ¶vcU wfbœ n‡jI Zv‡`i hy‡× AskMÖn‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ wQj GK|
Avi Zv n‡jv †`k‡K gy³ Kiv| †mw`K we‡ePbvq, cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_vh_|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Ò†cÖ¶vcU wfbœ n‡jI Avwe` I eyav GKB †PZbvi aviK|ÓÑ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨vm Ges DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K gš@e¨wU h_vh_ A_©en|
cÖkœ  09 DÏxcK Ask (i) : kZ kZ gyL nvq GKvËi h‡kvi †ivW †h KZ K_v e‡j
GZ givgyL Avagiv cv‡q c–e©evsjv †KvjKvZv P‡j|
mgq Pj‡Q ivRc_ a‡i h‡kvi †iv‡W‡Z gvby‡li wgwQj
†m‡Þ¤^i nvq GKvËi †Mvi“Mvwo Kv`v iv¯@v wcwQj
j¶ gvbyl fvZ †P‡q g‡i, j¶ gvbyl †kv‡K †f‡m hvq
Ninxb fv‡m kZkZ †jvK j¶ Rbbx cvMjcÖvq|
DÏxcK Ask (ii) : Avgiv nvi‡ev bv, nvi‡ev bv
†Zvgvi gvwUi GKwU KYvI Qvo‡ev bv
Avgiv cuvRi w`‡q `yM©NuvwU Mo‡Z Rvwb
†Zvgvi fq †bB gv Avgiv cÖwZev` Ki‡Z Rvwb
K. eyav `ytL‡K Kx fv‡e? 1
L. PvwPi cÖwZ eyav K…ZÁ n‡q I‡V †Kb? 2
M. DÏxcK Ask (i)-G ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m ewY©Z †Kvb we‡kl w`KwUi cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔDÏxcK Ask (ii) †hb Dcb¨v‡m Avwj, wgVz I kvnveywχbi `„ß D”PviYÕÑ gš@‡e¨i mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
9bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h eyav `ytL‡K wnsmª kKzb fv‡e|
i PvwP eyav‡K gyw³i ¯^v` w`‡q‡Q e‡j eyav PvwPi cÖwZ K…ZÁ n‡q D‡V|
†eKvi PvPvi msmv‡i †evSv¯^iƒc eyavi Kv‡Q gyw³ Pvq PvwP| eyavI P‡j hvq PvwPi msmvi †_‡K| eyav PvwPi K_vq msmvi Z¨vM K‡i ¯^vaxb
Rxebhvcb K‡i| eyav Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡i gyw³i ¯^v`| ZvB eyav PvwPi cÖwZ K…ZÁ n‡q D‡V|
Dˇii g–jK_v : PvwP eyav‡K gyw³i ¯^v` †`Iqvq eyav PvwPi cÖwZ K…ZÁ n‡q I‡V|
j DÏxcK Ask (i) -G ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m ewY©Z cvwK¯@vwb ˆmb¨‡`i AZ¨vPv‡ii f‡q MÖvgevmxi GjvKv †Q‡o cvjv‡bvi w`KwUi
cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m Jcb¨vwmK GKwU cÖZ¨š@ MÖvg‡K †K›`ª K‡i gyw³hy×Kvjxb cwiw¯’wZi eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb| †mLv‡b †`Lv hvq,
cvwK¯@vwb ˆmb¨iv webv Kvi‡Y kvwš@wcÖq MÖvgevmxi Ici AvµgY Pvjvq| Zviv MÖv‡gi Nievwo R¡wj‡q †`q Ges wbwe©Pv‡i gvbyl nZ¨v
K‡i| Ggb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Zv‡`i AZ¨vPvi †_‡K evuP‡Z MÖvgevmx ZvB wf‡Uevwo †Q‡o cvjv‡Z _v‡K|
DÏxc‡Ki (i) bs KweZvskwU 1971 mv‡ji gyw³hy‡×i †cÖ¶vc‡U †jLv| †mLv‡b gyw³hy×Kvjxb h‡kvi †ivW a‡i Pjv DØv¯‘ gvby‡li
mxgvnxb `y‡fv©‡Mi K_v D‡jÐL Kiv n‡q‡Q| wf‡UgvwUnviv I ¶zavZ© GmKj gvby‡li hš¿Yv I nvnvKvi †hb evZvm‡K fvix K‡i Zz‡j‡Q|
GKBfv‡e, ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mI Jcb¨vwmK nvbv`vi‡`i Ab¨vq-AvMÖvm‡bi gy‡L MÖvgevwmi GjvKv †Q‡o hvIqvi wPÎ Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb|
e¯‘Z, nvbv`vi‡`i AZ¨vPv‡ii nvZ †_‡K euvP‡ZB Zviv wf‡UgvwU †Q‡o cvjvw”Qj| DÏxc‡Ki (i) bs KweZvs‡k h‡kvi †iv‡W DØv¯‘
gvby‡li nvnvKv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q Av‡jvP¨ Dcb¨v‡mi cjvqbci GmKj gvby‡li Aš@h©vZbvB cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxcK Ask (i) -G ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m ewY©Z cvwK¯@vwb ˆmb¨‡`i AZ¨vPv‡ii f‡q MÖvgevmxi GjvKv †Q‡o cvjv‡bvi w`KwUi
cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q|
k ÒDÏxcK Ask (ii) †hb Dcb¨v‡m Avwj, wgVz I kvnveywχbi `„ß D”PviY|ÓÑ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨vm Ges DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨vmwU 1971 mv‡ji gyw³hy‡×i cUf‚wg‡Z iwPZ n‡q‡Q| G Dcb¨v‡m Jcb¨vwmK GKwU cÖZ¨š@ MÖvg‡K DcRxe¨ K‡i
G‡`‡ki mnR-mij I kvwš@wcÖq gvby‡li Dci cvwK¯@vwb ˆmb¨‡`i Ab¨vq-AvMÖvm‡bi wPÎ Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| cvkvcvwk Avwj, wgVz I
kvnveywÏb PwiÎMy‡jvi gva¨‡g Ggb Ab¨vq-AwePv‡ii wei“‡× mvaviY gvby‡li AKz‡Zvfq g‡bvfve Ges cÖwZ‡iv‡ai K_KZvI kywb‡q‡Qb|
DÏxc‡Ki (ii) bs KweZvskwU‡Z †`kv͇ev‡a D¾xweZ RvwZi cÖwZev`x †PZbvi ùziY N‡U‡Q| cvkvcvwk Ab¨v‡qi wei“‡× hy‡× nvi bv
gvbvi cÖZ¨qI cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q †mLv‡b| e¯‘Z, AvÍm‡PZb evOvwj RvwZ KL‡bvB Ab¨v‡qi mv‡_ Avcm K‡iwb| Avi ZvB cÖ‡qvR‡b
Rxeb w`‡q n‡jI Zviv gvZ…f‚wg‡K i¶v K‡i‡Q| BwZnv‡mi wewfbœ evu‡K Avgiv Zv‡`i †mB AvÍZ¨vM I exi‡Z¡iB cÖgvY cvB| Av‡jvP¨
KweZvskwU‡ZI Kwe †mB cÖwZev`x †PZbvi K_v ¯§iY Kwi‡q w`‡q †`kgvZ…Kv‡K Avk¦¯’ K‡i‡Qb|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  25
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m Jcb¨vwmK 1971 mv‡ji gyw³hy×Kvjxb ev¯@eZvi GKwU wek¦¯@ wPÎ Avgv‡`i mvg‡b Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| GLv‡b †`Lv
hvq, kvwš@wcÖq MÖvgevmxi Ici cvwK¯@vwb ˆmb¨iv wbwe©Pvi nZ¨vKvÊ I AgvbywlK wbcxob Pvjv‡Z kyi“ K‡i| Zv‡`i AvMÖvm‡b †mLv‡b
Ggb cwiw¯’wZ ˆZwi nq †h, MÖvgevmx Zv‡`i wf‡UgvwU †Q‡o cvjv‡Z kyi“ K‡i| GgZve¯’vq Av‡jvP¨ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav, Avwj, wgVz I
kvnveywχbi g‡Zv gyw³‡hv×viv cÖwZ‡iva f‚wgKvq AeZxY© nq Ges †`k‡K kΓgy³ Ki‡Z Rxeb evwR †i‡L hy‡× bv‡g| DÏxc‡Ki (ii)
bs KweZvs‡kI Ab¨v‡qi wei“‡× cÖwZev`x g‡bvfve cÖKvk K‡i gvZ…f‚wg‡K Avk¦¯@ Kivi ga¨ w`‡q GKBiƒc g‡bvfve dz‡U D‡V‡Q| †m
we‡ePbvq, cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_vh_|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ÒDÏxc‡Ki Ask (ii) †hb Dcb¨v‡m Avwj, wgVz I kvnveywχbi `„ß D”PviY|ÓÑ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨vm Ges DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K
gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
cÖkœ  10 KZB ev eqm ZLb we_xi? AvU ev `k| ¯‹z‡j hvIqvi c‡_ Uªv‡Ki av°vq wiK&kv †_‡K gv wQU&‡K co‡jb| Zvici Avi wKQy
g‡b †bB| Gici bZzb gv-B Zvi me| evevi G‡b †`Iqv bZzb gv Zvi me `ytL fzwj‡q w`‡q‡Qb| cig h‡Zœ Zv‡K jvjb-cvjb K‡i
AvM‡j †i‡L‡Qb| AvR we_xi GmGmwm cix¶v| `vw`i Kov wb‡`©k evmvq KviI Lvev‡ii cv‡Z †hb wWg bv _v‡K| we_xi cix¶v fv‡jv
n‡e GB Kvgbv K‡i †Zjcov, cvwbcov G‡b‡QbÑ e‡j †i‡L‡Qb cix¶v †k‡l bvZwbi we‡q †`‡eb| wKš‘ we_xi bZzb gv‡qi †Nvi
AvcwË| wZwb ¯•ó Rvwb‡q w`‡q‡Qb, Ò†g‡qi Avgvi cov‡kvbv †kl n‡e; mgv‡Ri GKRb n‡q DV‡eÑ Z‡eB we‡q|Ó
K. ewncx‡ii g‡Z, †KvbwU gv‡Vi fvlv? 1
L. †Lv‡`Rv †Kb Zv‡niv‡K Ôkvevk †g‡qÕ e‡j‡Qb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki `vw`i g‡a¨ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †h we‡kl w`KwU j¶Yxq Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔZv‡nivi mr gv we_xi bZzb gv‡qi f‚wgKvq _vK‡j Zv‡niv‡K Ggb cwiw¯’wZi m¤§yLxb n‡Z n‡Zv bvÕÑgš@‡e¨i mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
10bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h ewncx‡ii g‡Z, K_¨ fvlv n‡jv gv‡Vi fvlv|
i Zv‡niv‡K fr©mbv Ki‡Z †Lv‡`Rv Zv‡nivi Dw³wU K‡ib|
ewncx‡ii mv‡_ †Rvic–e©K we‡q †`Iqvq Zv‡niv cvwj‡qwQj| †m RvbZ bv †Kv_vq cvjv‡e, ïay RvbZ evwo †Q‡o Zv‡K cvjv‡Z n‡e| GB
`ytmvnm Zvi AvkÖq`vZv †Lv‡`Rv‡K Avðh©vwš^Z K‡i| †g‡q gvbyl n‡qI fqnxbfv‡e evwo †_‡K cvwj‡qwQj e‡j †Lv‡`Rv Zv‡niv‡K
Ôkvevk †g‡q ZywgÕ e‡j fr©mbv K‡i‡Qb|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Zv‡nivi cÖ_vwei“× KvR †Lv‡`Rvi cQ›` bv nIqvq fr©mbv K‡i †Lv‡`Rv Av‡jvP¨ Dw³wU K‡i‡Q|
j DÏxc‡Ki `vw`i g‡a¨ Rwg`vi cZœx †Lv‡`Rv Ges Zv‡nivi evev-gv‡qi cðv`c` I Kzms¯‹viv”Qbœ g‡bvfv‡ei w`KwU j¶Yxq|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Lv‡`Rv Ges Zv‡nivi evev-gv ag©fxi“ I Kzms¯‹viv”Qbœ g‡bvfv‡ei AwaKvix| G Kvi‡Y Zv‡nivi evev-gv cx‡ii
mš‘wói g‡a¨B wb‡R‡`i cvigvw_©K Kj¨vY wbwnZ e‡j g‡b K‡i| d‡j †g‡q Zv‡nivi fwel¨‡Zi K_v wPš@v bv K‡i e„× cxi‡K Lywk
Ki‡Z Zviv †mB cx‡ii m‡½ Zv‡nivi we‡q w`‡Z Pvq|
DÏxc‡Ki `vw` cðv`c` I Kzms¯‹viv”Qbœ GKRb gvbyl| G Kvi‡YB wZwb cix¶vi w`b wWg bv LvIqvmn Suvodzu‡K wek¦vm K‡ib| kyay
ZvB bq, bvZwb we_xi fwel¨‡Zi K_v wPš@v bv K‡i wK‡kvix eq‡mB wZwb Zv‡K we‡q w`‡Z Pvb| GKBfv‡e, ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi
evev-gvI e„× cx‡ii mš‘wói K_v †f‡e Zvi mv‡_ wb‡R‡`i Aíe‡qwm †g‡qi we‡q w`‡Z Pvb| GgbwK Rwg`vi cZœx †Lv‡`RvI
Zv‡niv‡K cx‡ii m‡½ msmvi Kivi K_v e‡jb| AÁZv Ges Kzms¯‹viB Zv‡`i Ggb g‡bvfv‡ei KviY| †mw`K we‡ePbvq, DÏxc‡Ki
`vw`i g‡a¨ Rwg`vi cZœx †Lv‡`Rv Ges Zv‡nivi evev-gv‡qi cðv`c` I Kzms¯‹viv”Qbœ g‡bvfv‡ei w`KwUB j¶ Kiv hvq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki `vw`i g‡a¨ Rwg`vi cZœx †Lv‡`Rv Ges Zv‡nivi evev-gv‡qi cðv`c` I Kzms¯‹viv”Qbœ g‡bvfv‡ei w`KwU j¶Yxq|
k ÔZv‡nivi mr gv we_xi bZzb gv‡qi f‚wgKvq _vK‡j Zv‡niv‡K Ggb cwiw¯’wZi gy‡LvgywL n‡Z n‡Zv bv|ÕÑ gš@e¨wU h_vh_ e‡jB
Avwg g‡b Kwi|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi evev-gv cðvrc` gvbwmKZvi AwaKvix| a‡g©i cÖK…Z A_©‡K eyS‡Z bv †c‡i Zviv cxi‡KB wb‡R‡`i KvÊvix
e‡j g‡b K‡i| Avi ZvB e„× cxi‡K Lywk Ki‡Z Zv‡nivi fwel¨‡Zi K_v bv †f‡e Zviv †mB cx‡ii m‡½ Zvi we‡q wVK K‡i| d‡j D™¢–Z
cwiw¯’wZ †_‡K evuP‡Z Zv‡niv cvwj‡q †h‡Z eva¨ nq|
DÏxc‡K we_x bv‡gi GK wK‡kvixi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| AvU-`k eQi eq‡m GK `yN©Ubvq †m Zvi gv‡K nvivq| Gici Zvi evev cybivq
we‡q K‡i| Z‡e mr gv we_xi mv‡_ Lvivc AvPiY bv K‡i Zv‡K Kv‡Q †U‡b †bq Ges wb‡Ri †g‡qi g‡ZvB †ønv`‡i Zv‡K gvbyl Ki‡Z
_v‡K| kyay ZvB bq, GmGmwm cix¶vi ci we_xi `vw` Zv‡K we‡q w`‡Z PvB‡j Zvi †mB gv Zv‡Z eva mv‡a Ges cov‡kvbv †kl Kwi‡q
Zv‡K mygvbyl wn‡m‡e mgv‡R cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z Pvq|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv gvZ…nxb GK wK‡kvix| mr gv Zv‡K †evSv g‡b K‡i we‡q w`‡q `vqgy³ n‡Z Pvq| G Kvi‡YB e„× cx‡ii mv‡_
†m Zv‡nivi we‡q wVK K‡i| G‡¶‡Î †m Zv‡nivi fwel¨‡Zi K_v ch©š@ wPš@v K‡iwb| d‡j Amg I AhvwPZ GB we‡qi nvZ †_‡K
evuP‡Z Zv‡niv‡K cvwj‡q †h‡Z nq| c¶vš@‡i, we_xi mr gv we_x‡K mš@vb‡ø‡n Kv‡Q †U‡b wb‡q‡Q| Zv‡K Av`i-h‡Zœ e‡ov K‡i‡Q| kyay
ZvB bq, †g‡qi D¾¡j fwel¨‡Zi K_v †f‡eB †m wm×vš@ MÖnY K‡i| Zv‡nivi mr gv‡qi gvbwmKZv Ggb D`vi n‡j Zv‡nivI Rxe‡b
DbœwZ Ki‡Z cviZ Ges Zv‡K Ggb weo¤^bvqI co‡Z n‡Zv bv| †mw`K we‡ePbvq cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_vh_|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Zv‡nivi mr gv we_xi bZzb gv‡qi f‚wgKvq _vK‡j Zv‡niv‡K Ggb cwiw¯’wZi gy‡LvgywL n‡Z n‡Zv bv|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  26

cÖkœ  11 †Qv‡Uv GKUv †Kv¤•vwbi PvKwiRxex Kvgvj mv‡ne| Zvi †Q‡j wek¦we`¨vj‡q I †g‡q K‡j‡R c‡o| Zv‡`i wb‡q Kvgvj
mv‡n‡ei A‡bK ¯^cœ| B`vbxs wZwb Lye `ywðš@vq _v‡Kb, KviY †Kv¤•vwbi Ae¯’v fv‡jv bv| GKw`b Awd‡m wM‡q †`‡Lb QuvUvB‡qi
LvZvq Zvi bvg| gv_vq †hb Zvi AvKvk †f‡O c‡o| †Q‡ji we‡`‡k covi ¯^cœ, †g‡qi wek¦we`¨vj‡q cov Gme wb‡q Pig gvbwmK
wech©¯@Zvq Wz‡e hvb| µgvš^‡q Amy¯’ n‡q c‡ob| †Q‡j-†g‡q GK mgq me Rvb‡Z cv‡i| Kvgvj mv‡ne Acivaxi my‡i e‡jb,
Ô†Zvgv‡`i Rb¨ wKQyB Ki‡Z cvijvg bv|Õ evevi GB Ae¯’vq †Q‡j-†g‡q Zvi cv‡k `uvovq| Zv‡`i Rgv‡bv mvgvb¨ UvKv w`‡q Zviv
Ômy‡Zvq †evbv ¯^cœÕ bv‡g †dBmeyK †cBR Pvjy K‡i AbjvB‡b wewfbœ n¯@wkí, ˆZwi †cvkvK wewµ K‡i| `yB fvB-†evb GeQi †miv Zi“Y
D‡`¨v³v cyi¯‹vi †cj|
K. ewncx‡ii g‡Z, †KvbwU †bkvi g‡Zv? 1
L. nv‡Zg Avwj Zvi Rwg`vwi‡K Xv‡Ki †Xvj e‡j‡Qb †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Kvgvj mv‡n‡ei gva¨‡g ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †h w`KwUi Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Kvgvj mv‡n‡ei †Q‡j-†g‡q wPš@v-†PZbvi w`K †_‡K bvU‡Ki nv‡k‡gi cÖwZwbwaÑgš@‡e¨i mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
11bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h ewncx‡ii g‡Z, K…ZÁZvi †ZR †bkvi g‡Zv|
i Rwg`vwii Ae¯’v Aš@tmvik–b¨ nIqvi Kvi‡Y nv‡Zg Avwj wb‡Ri Rwg`vwi‡K Xv‡Ki †Xvj e‡j‡Qb|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K nv‡Zg Avwj Rwg`vi n‡jI Zvi Rwg`vwii Ae¯’v fv‡jv wQj bv| LvRbvi UvKv cwi‡kva Ki‡Z bv cvivq
m–h©v¯@ AvB‡b Zvi Rwg`vwi nviv‡bvi g‡Zv Ae¯’v| Rwg`vwi i¶vi Rb¨ UvKv avi Ki‡Z kn‡i wM‡qI wbivk n‡q wd‡i G‡m‡Qb| G
Ae¯’vq Zvi Rwg`vwii Ki“Y cwiYwZ †evSv‡bvi Rb¨B nv‡Zg Avwj wb‡Ri Rwg`vwi‡K Xv‡Ki †Xvj e‡j‡Qb|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Rwg`vwii Ae¯’v Aš@tmvik–b¨ nIqvi Kvi‡Y nv‡Zg Avwj wb‡Ri Rwg`vwi‡K Xv‡Ki †Xvj e‡j‡Qb|
j DÏxc‡Ki Kvgvj mv‡n‡ei gva¨‡g ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwji `vwqZ¡‡eva I `ywðš@vi w`KwUi cÖwZ Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Ab¨Zg PwiÎ nv‡Zg Avwj| †ikgcy‡i Zvi Aíwe¯@i Rwg`vwi i‡q‡Q| wKš‘ mgqg‡Zv LvRbvi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z bv
cvivq m–h©v¯@ AvB‡bi Ke‡j c‡o †mB Rwg`vwiI wbjv‡g DV‡Z P‡j‡Q| GgZve¯’vq ¯¿x-mš@v‡bi fwel¨‡Zi K_v †f‡e `ywðš@vq
wZwb †f‡O c‡ob|
DÏxc‡Ki Kvgvj mv‡ne GKwU †emiKvwi Awd‡m PvKzwi K‡ib| Zvi †Q‡j-†g‡qiv K‡jR-wek¦we`¨vj‡q cov‡kvbv Ki‡Q| GgZve¯’vq
nVvr GKw`b Kg©x QvUvB‡qi LvZvq wb‡Ri bvg †`L‡Z cvb wZwb| D™¢–Z cwiw¯’wZ‡Z mš@vb‡`i fwel¨‡Zi K_v †f‡e wZwb `ywðš@vMÖ¯@
n‡q c‡ob| GKBfv‡e, ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡Zg AvwjI Rwg`vwi nviv‡bvi k¼vq wePwjZ| GKgvÎ mš@vb nv‡kg Avwji fwel¨r Kx
n‡eÑ GUvB wQj Zvi g–j wPš@v, hv DÏxc‡Ki Kvgvj mv‡n‡ei fvebviB AbyMvgx| G we‡ePbvq Kvgvj mv‡n‡ei gva¨‡g Av‡jvP¨ bvU‡Ki
Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwji `vwqZ¡‡eva I `ywðš@vi cÖwZB Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Kvgvj mv‡n‡ei gva¨‡g ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwji `vwqZ¡‡eva I `ywðš@vi w`KwUi cÖwZ Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q|
k ÔKvgvj mv‡n‡ei †Q‡j‡g‡q wPš@v-†PZbvi w`K †_‡K bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwji cÖwZwbwa|ÕÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Ab¨Zg PwiÎ nv‡kg Avwj| G bvU‡K bvU¨Kvi nv‡kg Avwj‡K DÌvcb K‡i‡Qb GKRb cÖMwZkxj, cÖ_vwei“× I
AvÍm‡PZb hyeK wn‡m‡e| evevi Rwg`vwi nviv‡bvi K_v ky‡b wZwb †gv‡UI wPwš@Z bb; eis wZwb wPwš@Z n‡q‡Qb wcZvi `ywðš@v I
gvbwmK Pv‡ci K_v †f‡e|
DÏxc‡K Kvgvj mv‡ne bv‡gi GK e¨w³i K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| †emiKvwi GKwU †Kv¤•vwb‡Z wZwb PvKwi K‡ib| Zvi †Q‡j wek¦we`¨vj‡q
Ges †g‡q K‡j‡R c‡o| GgZve¯’vq GKw`b Kg©x QvUvB‡qi LvZvq wZwb wb‡Ri bvg †`L‡Z cvb Ges mš@vb‡`i fwel¨‡Zi K_v †f‡e
D`&weMœ n‡q c‡ob| D™¢–Z cwiw¯’wZ‡Z mš@vbiv Zvi cv‡k `uvovq Ges wb‡R‡`i Rgv‡bv UvKvq e¨emvq kyi“ K‡i mdjZv jvf K‡i|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K nv‡kg Avwj GKRb wkw¶Z I cÖMwZkxj hyeK| Avi ZvB bvU‡Ki cy‡ivfvM Ry‡o Avgiv nv‡kg Avwj‡K hyw³ev`x,
b¨vqwbô I cÖwZev`x e¨w³Z¡ wn‡m‡e cvB| kyay ZvB bq, Rwg`vwi nviv‡bvi msev‡` wcZvi gg©cxov‡KI wZwb h_v_© Dcjwä Ki‡Z
†c‡iwQj †m| G Kvi‡Y ewncx‡ii m‡½ ؇›Øi gv‡SI wcZvi cÖwZ h‡_ó mnvbyf‚wZkxj †_‡K‡Q †m| wkw¶Z gvbyl wn‡m‡e GKUv wKQy
K‡i wb‡R‡K `uvo Kivevi K_vI †f‡e‡Q| GKBfv‡e, DÏxc‡Ki Kvgvj mv‡n‡ei †Q‡j‡g‡qivI wec‡` evevi cv‡k `uvwo‡q‡Q, Zv‡K
mn‡hvwMZv Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ mvgvb¨ cuywR wb‡qB e¨emvq †b‡g‡Q, hv A‡bKvs‡k Av‡jvP¨ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwji g‡bvfv‡eiB mgvš@ivj|
†mw`K we‡ePbvq cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_vh_|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Kvgvj mv‡n‡ei †Q‡j‡g‡q wPš@v-†PZbvi w`K †_‡K bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwji cÖwZwbwa|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  27

KzwgjÐv †evW©Ñ2024 †mU : L

evsjv cÖ_g cÎ (eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶v) welq †KvW : 1 0 1
[2024 mv‡ji wm‡jevm Abyhvqx]
mgqÑ30 wgwbU c–Y©gvbÑ30
[we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶vi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg–n n‡Z mwVK/m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU Kv‡jv Kvwji ej
c‡q›U Kjg Øviv m¤•–Y© fivU K‡iv| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb- 1|] cÖkœc‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|
1. ÔRwg`vwi _vK ev bv _vK, Avgvi Zv‡Z wKQy Av‡m hvq bv|ÕÑ ÔewncxiÕ  DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 16 I 17bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
bvU‡K msjvcwU Kvi? iRZ mv‡ne mvgvb¨ †eZ‡bi Kg©Pvix| Zvi †Q‡j ey‡q‡U covq my‡ hvM †c‡jI
E nv‡kg Avwji F nv‡Zg Avwji G †Lv‡`Rvi H Zv‡nivi Li‡Pi K_v †f‡e wZwb `ywðš@vMÖ¯@ n‡q c‡ob| G K_v †R‡b GK wVKv`vi
2. Ôawi gvQ bv QuyB cvwb|ÕÑGwU †Kvb ai‡bi cwjÐmvwnZ¨? iRZ mv‡ne‡K A‡_©i wewbg‡q Ab¨vq cÖ¯@ve w`‡jI wZwb ivwR nbwb|
E Qovi Mvb F cÖev`evK¨ G Lbvi ePb H Wv‡Ki K_v 16. DÏxc‡Ki iRZ mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q?
3. ˆmq` kvgmyj n‡Ki Ôcv‡qi AvIqvR cvIqv hvq|ÕцKvb ai‡bi iPbv? E Zv‡niv F ewncxi G †Lv‡`Rv H nv‡Zg Avwj
E Mí F Dcb¨vm G bvUK H cÖeÜ 17. DÏxc‡Ki g–jfv‡ei g‡a¨ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q?
4. ivbv‡ii Kv‡Q c„w_exUv Kv‡jv †auvqv g‡b nq †Kb? E ˆbwZKZv F g‡bv‡e`bv G ¯^v_©ciZv H `ytLK_v
E wcÖqvi Awfgv‡b F `my¨i f‡q 18. ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi ÔmZZ, †n b` Zzwg co †gvi g‡bÕÑG cO&w³wUi
G iv‡Zi wbR©bZvq H Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y g‡a¨ †Kvb fvewU dz‡U D‡V‡Q?
5. ÔZzwg Avgv‡K hvB‡Z w`‡qv bv, gv|ÕÑmyfvq G K_vq Kx cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? E ¯^‡`k‡cÖg F ¯§„wZKvZiZv G åvwš@i Qjbv H gv‡qi †øn‡Wvi
E AvKzjZv F Aw¯’iZv G cÖv_©bv H PÂjZv 19. IB dzj †dv‡U e‡b
 DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 6 I 7bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : hvB gay Avni‡Y
abx nIqv m‡Ë¡I wknve K‡Vvi cwikÖg K‡ib| Zv †`‡L eÜy mywgZ Zv‡K `uvovevi mgq‡Zv bvB|
e‡jbÑ`yÕw`‡bi c„w_ex GZ cwikÖg K‡i Kx jvf? Dˇi wknve e‡jbÑ ÔSibvi MvbÕ KweZvi Sibv I DÏxc‡Ki g‡a¨ †Kvb w`‡Ki wgj Lu‡y R
Ôc„w_ex n‡”Q wekvj Kg©‡¶Î|Õ cvIqv hvq?
6. ÔRxeb-msMxZÕ KweZv Abymv‡i DÏxc‡Ki mywg‡Zi e³‡e¨ dz‡ U D‡V‡QÑ E †mŠ›`h© wccvmv F gy»Zv G MwZgqZv H m„wói Avb›`
i. ˆeivM¨ ii. Ava¨vwÍKZv iii. nZvkv 20. Ô†mBw`b GB gvV ¯@ä n‡e bv‡Kv RvwbÕÑcO&w ³wU‡Z Kwe ÔgvVÕ ej‡Z Kx eyw S‡q‡Qb?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? E RxebcÖevn F mf¨Zvi Ae¯’vb
E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii G gvby‡li ¯^cœf‚wg H cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`h©
7. DÏxc‡Ki wknv‡ei Rxebfvebv ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvi †Kvb Pi‡Y 21. nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi Aš@‡ii †jŠnKcv‡U †KvbwU AvnZ n‡q wd‡i †h‡Zv?
cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? E kΓi wbôziZv F Acgv‡bi kZ©
E G Rxeb wbkvi ¯^cb F Zzwg Kvi †K †Zvgvi G ˆewiZvi welv³ evb H AivwZi Awfkvc
G msmvi-mgiv½‡b hy× K‡iv `„p c‡Y 22. ÔPigc‡ÎÕi †jLK †K?
H Avqy †hb ˆkev‡ji bxi
E AvjgMxi Kwei F Gg.Avi.AvKZvi gyKzj
8. ¯‹zj-K‡j‡Ri wk¶v‡K gvivÍK ejvi KviY Kx? G Kvgi“j nvmvb H d‡qR Avn‡g`
E Rxebx kw³ bó K‡i †`q e‡j
23. ÔRyZv-Avwe®‹viÕ KweZvwU iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii †Kvb MÖš’ †_‡K msKwjZ?
F mvwnZ¨PP©vi Avb›` †_‡K ewÂZ K‡i e‡j
E Kíbv F ¶wYKv G †mvbvi Zix H ejvKv
G RvwZ h_v_© ù‚wZ© jvf K‡i bv e‡j
24. ÔAvkvÕ KweZvwU Abymv‡i gvby‡li Avqy K‡g †Kb?
H ¯^wkw¶Z nevi kw³ bó K‡i †`q e‡j
E `yivkvq MÐvwb‡Z F weË-my‡Li `yf©vebvq
9. †bviv g‡b K‡i ¶z`ª †Kv‡Y Ae¯’vb K‡i msmvi KivB bvixi GKgvÎ KvR bq| †m G mvivw`‡bi cwikÖ‡g H m¤•‡`i Afv‡e
Pvq e„nËi mgvRRxe‡bi g‡a¨ AvÍgh©v `v mgybœZ †i‡L AvÍcÖwZôv jvf Ki‡Z|
25. ÔAvq †Zv‡K i–c K_v ewjÕÑÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡í K_vwU †Kb ejv n‡q‡Q?
DÏxc‡Ki †bvivi gvbwmKZv †Zvgvi cwVZ †Kvb M‡í †`Lv hvq?
E mš@vb‡K mvš@¡ bv †`Iqvi Rb¨ F mš@vb‡K ¯^cœ †`Lv‡bvi Rb¨
E ggZvw` F myfv
G mš@vb evrm‡j¨i Kvi‡Y H mš@v‡bi Aby‡iva i¶vq
G Avg-AuvwUi †fucy H wbqwZ
10. KvRx bRi“j Bmjv‡gi ÔD‡cw¶Z kw³i D‡ØvabÕ cÖe‡Ü dz‡ U D‡V‡QÑ  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 26 I 27bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
i. mvg¨ev`x gvbwmKZv ii. gh©v`vevb RvwZ MVb
Ôj¶ j¶ nv-N‡i `yM©Z
iii. ˆelg¨nxb mgvR cÖwZôv
N„Y¨ hg-`–Z-†mbv Gwo‡q mxgvš@ cv‡i †Qv‡U gvbyl|Õ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 26. DÏxc‡Ki Ômxgvš@ cv‡i †QvUv gvbylÕ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Kvi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c–Y©?
E Avwj F wgVz G Kzwš@ H nvwiKvKz
E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii
11. Bs‡iR †ewbqv kw³i wei“‡× jovB Kivi Rb¨ wmivR‡ÏŠjv wn›`y- 27. D³ mv`„k¨c–Y© PwiÎ I DÏxc‡Ki gvby‡li Qy‡U hvIqvi KviY Kx?
E cÖvY euvPv‡bvi ZvwM` F Afv‡ei Zvobv
gymjgvb‡K †h WvK w`‡qwQ‡jb, Zv‡Z dz‡U D‡V‡QÑ
E ¯^vRvZ¨‡eva F mvgªvR¨ev`we‡ivax †PZbv G †`‡ki cÖwZ ggZ¡‡eva H gyw³i AvKv¸¶v
G Amv¤•Ö`vwqKZv H RvZxqZvev`x †PZbv 28. Ôey‡Ki †fZi a‡i †i‡L‡Q gyw³hy×|ÕÑeyavi cÖwZ kvnveywχbi GB Dw³i
12. ûgvq–b Avn‡g` wbwg©Z Pjw”PÎ †KvbwU? KviY Kx?
E bw›`Z bi‡K F bxj AcivwRZv E Dcw¯’Z ey w × F †`k‡cÖg G cÖwZ‡kva H AvÍwek¦vm
G A‡qvgq H AvMy‡bi cikgwY 29. nwi`vm gÊj mvgvb¨ †eZ‡bi Kg©Pvix| Awd‡m Dcwi DcvR©‡ bi my‡ hvM _vK‡jI
13. ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕÑKweZvq Kwei Aw¯@‡Z¡ Kx Muv_v Av‡Q? wZwb Zv K‡ib bv eis Awdm †k‡l wUDkwb K‡i evowZ DcvR©b K‡ib|
E b`xi wKbvi F RjR evZvm DÏxc‡Ki nwi`vm gʇji †¶‡Î Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi †h K_vwU cÖ‡ hvR¨Ñ
G KvwZ©‡Ki avb H wø» gvwUi myevm i. wk¶v Zvi Rxe‡b †mvbv dwj‡q‡Q
14. ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbvq †jLK †Kvb LveviwU wdwi‡q w`‡qwQ‡jb? ii. wk¶v Zvi evB‡ii e¨vcvi iii. wk¶v Zvi Aš@‡ii e¨vcvi
E AvOzi F dvjy`v G meyR Pv H AvL‡ivU wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
15. Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvq Kwe Kv‡`i cÖwZ Zxeª †¶vf cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb? E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii
i. hviv gvidwZ ii. hviv ciMvQv ¯^ fv‡ei iii. hviv wkKonxb e¨w³‡Z¡i 30. Ôme Øvi Gi †Lvjv i‡e, Pvjv nvZzwo kvej Pvjv!ÕÑÔgvbylÕ KweZvi D³
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? Pi‡Y Kx cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q?
E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii E Awfgvb F Aby‡hvM G N„Yv H †¶vf

 Lvwj NiMy‡jv‡Z †cbwmj w`‡q DËiMy‡jv †j‡Lv| Gici QR †Kv‡W cÖ`Ë DËigvjvi mv‡_ wgwj‡q †`‡Lv †Zvgvi DËiMy‡jv mwVK wK bv|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
DËi

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  28

KzwgjÐv †evW©Ñ2024
evsjv cÖ_g cÎ (m„Rbkxj cÖkœ) †mU : 01
[2024 mv‡ji wm‡jevm Abyhvqx] welq †KvW : 1 0 1
mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU c–Y©gvb : 70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c–Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcKMy‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i c‡ov Ges mswkÐó cÖkœM‡y jvi DËi `vI| K wefvM (M`¨) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ `ywU, L
wefvM (KweZv) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ `ywU, M wefvM (Dcb¨vm) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwU Ges N wefvM (bvUK) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwU K‡i †gvU mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e| GKB
cÖ‡kœi Dˇi mvay I PwjZ fvlvixwZi wgkÖY `–lYxq|]
K wefvM : M`¨
1| Bs‡iwR gva¨g ¯‹z‡ji wk¶v_©x wknve cix¶v †k‡l MÖv‡g bvbv evwo‡Z †eov‡Z hvq| ¯’vbxq nv‡U †m †`‡L GKRb exY evRv‡”Qb Avi Ab¨ GKRb
Zvi mv‡_ †eûjv-jwL›`‡ii Ki“Y Kvwnwb †kvbv‡”Qb| GMy‡jv fv‡jv jv‡M Zvi| wKQy¶Y †kvbvi ci N‡i wd‡i gv‡qi Kv‡Q cy‡iv Kvwnwb Rvb‡Z
PvB‡j gv e‡jb, ÔGMy‡jv †m‡K‡j| †Zvgvi GMy‡jv †kLvi `iKvi †bB| Zzwg eis cvV¨eB‡qi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvMx nI|Õ wKš‘ wknve `‡g bv wM‡q
c‡ii w`b Avevi nv‡U hvq Ges †mLv‡b wkíx‡`i cwi‡ewkZ ÔgûqviÕ cvjvwU †gvevB‡j wfwW‡qv K‡i BDwUD‡e †Q‡o †`q| `yB w`‡bi g‡a¨
wfwW‡qvwU cuvP nvRv‡ii †ewk jvBK I †kqvi cvq| we¯§‡q Awff‚Z nq wknve|
K. f‚‡qv`k©b Kx? 1
L. ÔcwjÐmvwn‡Z¨ cwjÐRbbxi wn›`y gymjgvb mKj mš@v‡biB mgvb AwaKviÕÑ eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki wknv‡ei gv‡qi g‡a¨ ÔcwjÐmvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Üi cÖwZdwjZ w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. wknv‡ei M„nxZ c`‡¶‡ci gva¨‡gB ÔcwjÐmvwnZ¨Õ cÖeÜ †jL‡Ki cÖZ¨vkv c–iY n‡Z cv‡iÑgš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv wbi–cY K‡iv| 4
2| (i) Avgvi KÕRb `yóz †Q‡ji `j,
Mv‡Qi Zjvq M‡owQ †gv‡`i Av¯@vbv|
cvVkvjvi kvmb-eviY †f‡OwQ †gjv,
e‡ov w`wNi cvwb‡Z fvwm‡qwQ †fjv|
(ii) byb Avb‡Z cvš@v dz‡ivq, Pvj Avb‡Z Wvj,
gv‡mi g‡a¨I †Kbv n‡q I‡V bv;
Av`v †cuqvR Avi Svj|
K. Ô†ivqvKÕ Kx? 1
L. me©Rqvi K_v eÜ nevi Dcµg n‡jv †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxcK (i)-G ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi †h wPÎ aiv c‡o‡QÑZv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxcK (ii) †K Qvwc‡q DÏxcK (i)-Gi fvev_© †hb ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucy M‡í cÖvavb¨ we¯@vi K‡i‡QÑgš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
3| XvKv-wm‡jU gnvmo‡K `ª“ZMvgx GKwU hvÎxevnx evm wmGbwR PvwjZ A‡Uvwi·v‡K av°v w`‡j NUbv¯’‡j `yRb wbnZ nq Ges Aci PviRb hvÎx
Myi“Zi AvnZ n‡q iv¯@vq c‡o _v‡K| `yN©Ubv¯’‡j GKRb c_Pvix wbnZ I AvnZ hvÎx‡`i †gvevBj †dvb I gvwbe¨vMmn Myi“Z¡c–Y© wRwbmcÎ
wb‡q †`uŠ‡o cvwj‡q hvq| A_P cvk¦eZ©x ¯‹z‡ji GKRb wk¶K NUbv¯’‡j G‡m dvqvi mvwf©m I nvBI‡q cywjk‡K Lei †`b| cvkvcvwk wZwb
AvnZ e¨w³‡`i nvmcvZv‡j cvVv‡bvi e¨e¯’v K‡ib|
K. Ônv‡gkvÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? 1
L. Abœe‡¯¿i cÖvPz‡h©i †P‡q gyw³ e‡ov †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki c_Pvixi AvPi‡Y Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi †h w`KwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡K D‡jÐwLZ wk¶K †hb Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki Kvw¸¶Z e¨w³Z¡| Ñg–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
4| wmqv‡gi evev ivOvgvwU †Rjvi eb wefv‡Mi Kg©KZ©v| GmGmwm cix¶v †k‡l †m evevi Kv‡Q ivOvgvwU †eov‡Z hvq| †mLv‡b R½jve„Z cvnvwo
cwi‡ek| weKvj n‡Z bv n‡ZB ey‡bv gkv‡`i Dc`ªe kyi“ nq| g¨v‡jwiqvq g„Zz¨ †hb †mLv‡b ˆbwgwËK e¨vcvi| iv‡Zi AÜKvi bvg‡jB †kvbv hvq
wewfbœ eb¨ cÖvYxi WvK| f‡q Mv QgQg K‡i Zvi| Av‡Q mv‡ci fqI| w`‡bi †ejv‡ZI GKvKx evB‡i †eov‡bv hvq bv| G Ae¯’v fv‡jv jv‡M bv
Zvi| ZvB K‡qKw`b †h‡Z bv †h‡ZB †m wbR evmv XvKvq wd‡i Avm‡Z Pvq|
K. RM`‡ji w`bMywj Avb›`gq nevi cÖavb KviY Kx wQj? 1
L. gnvivRvi KzKziwU‡K Lvb`vwb ejv n‡q‡Q †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔwbqwZÕ M‡íi mv`„k¨c–Y© w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔmv`„k¨ _vK‡jI DÏxcKwU ÔwbqwZÕ M‡íi g–j DcRxe¨ bqÓÑgš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv wbi–cY K‡iv| 4
L wefvM : KweZv
5| ¯@eK-1 : GKevi †h‡Z †` bv Avgvq †QvÆ †mvbvi Muvq
†h_vq †KvwKj Wv‡K Kzû
†`v‡qj Wv‡K gyû gyû
b`x †h_vq Qy‡U P‡j Avcb wVKvbvq|
¯@eK-2 : wgQv gwY gy³v †ng, ¯^‡`‡ki wcÖq †cÖg,
Zvi †P‡q iZœ bvwn Avi|
myavK‡i KZ myav `–i K‡i Z…lv ¶zav,
¯^‡`‡ki kyf mgvPvi|
K. m‡b‡Ui †Kvb As‡k fv‡ei cÖeZ©bv _v‡K? 1
L. ÔAvi Kx †n n‡e †`Lv?Õ-G As‡k Kweg‡bi Awfe¨w³ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. ¯@eK-1 ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi †h fv‡ei Bw½Z enb K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ¯@eK-2 †hb ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi g–j †PZbv‡KB aviY K‡i‡Q| g–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  29
6| `„k¨Kí-1 : wn›`y bv Iiv gymwjg IB wRÁv‡m †Kvb Rb
KvÛvwi ej Wzwe‡Q gvbyl mš@vb †gvi gvi|
`„k¨Kí-2 : Kvivi H †jŠnKcvU,
†f‡O †dj, Ki †i †jvcvU,
i³-RgvU
wkKj c–Rvi cvlvY-†e`x|
K. Kvi †bZ…‡Z¡ ev‡iv f‚uBqviv HK¨e× n‡q I‡V? 1
L. evsjvi Avjc_ w`‡q nvRvi eQi Pjv ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. `„k¨Kí-1-G ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq ewY©Z evOvwj †PZbvi †h w`KwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Ô`„k¨Kí-2-Gi †PZbvi Ici fi K‡iB †hb Avgiv G‡m †cuŠ‡QwQ AvR‡Ki GB evsjvq|Õ gš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv wbi–cY K‡iv| 4
7| ¯@eK-1 : gnvÍv MvÜx D`vi gvbwmKZv wb‡q mvaviY gvby‡li cv‡k `uvwo‡qwQ‡jb| wbR ¯^v_© fz‡j wZwb Zv‡`i‡K fvB e‡j, eÜy e‡j Kv‡Q
†U‡b wb‡qwQ‡jb| Zv‡`i‡K bv LvIqv‡Z cvi‡j wb‡RI bv †L‡q †_‡K‡Qb| GLv‡b wZwb abx-Mwie, RvwZ-ag© wePvi K‡ibwb|
¯@eK-2 : Avey Bmnv‡Ki Ô†RuvKÕ M‡í †`Lv hvq, gnvR‡biv wewfbœ ARynv‡Z Mwie eM©vPvwl‡`i K‡ói dmj AwaKvskB †K‡o †bq| mv`v KvM‡R wUcmB
wb‡q wg‡_¨ †`bvi `v‡q Zv‡`i me©nviv K‡i Qv‡o| nvofv½v LvUwb †L‡UI Dmgv‡bi g‡Zv eM©vPvwliv `y-†ejv †cUcy‡i †L‡Z cvq bv|
K. ÔgvbylÕ KweZvwU Kwei †Kvb Kve¨MÖš’ n‡Z msKwjZ? 1
L. ÒH gw›`i c–Rvixi, nvq †`eZv, †Zvgvi bq|Ó Ñ eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. ¯@eK-1-G ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi †h fv‡ei cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔ†cÖ¶vcU wfbœ n‡jI ¯@eK-2 Gi ÔgnvRb I gvbylÕ KweZvi †gvjÐv-cy‡ivwn‡Zi ¯^i–c GKB|ÓÑwe‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
M wefvM : Dcb¨vm
8| Ask-1 : ÔcÐve‡bi †P‡q gvwifq †P‡q kZMyY fqven,
biNvZx‡`i †jwj‡q w`‡q‡Q Bqvwnqv Anin|
cÖwZw`b Giv binZ¨vi †h-Kvwnwb Gu‡K hvq,
ˆZgyi js bvw`i hv †`‡L wknwiZ j¾vq|Õ
Ask-2 : ÔGKwU †Q‡j cvMj †Q‡j cvovq cvovq NyiZ,
†PvL `ywU Zvi †PvL †hb bq Qwe‡Z weg–Z©|
mevB Zv‡K evm‡Zv fv‡jv mevi wQj wgÎ,
gyL Ry‡o Zvi AuvKv wQj ¯^‡cœi gvbwPÎ|
†mB †Q‡jwU †f‡ewQj, w`b †hfv‡eB hvK bv,
GKw`b wVK †c‡q hv‡e cvwLi g‡Zv cvLbv|Õ
K. gay Kxfv‡e gviv hvq? 1
L. ÔGevi e‡ov hy× Ki‡Z n‡eÕÑK_vwUi cÖvmw½KZv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. Ask-1-G ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Ask-2-G †hb eyav Pwi‡Îi mv_©K i–cvqY N‡U‡Q| gš@e¨wUi †hŠw³KZv wePvi K‡iv| 4
9| †gNjv b`x‡Z Uªjvi Wz‡e gviv hvq Avwm‡di gv-evev| NUbvµ‡g evwo‡Z _vKvq †eu‡P hvq Avwmd I Zvi †Qv‡Uv fvB Avwei| Amnvq Avwmd
†Qv‡Uv fvB‡qi gy‡Li w`‡K ZvwK‡q †gvUi M¨v‡i‡R KvR †bq| NUbv ky‡b M¨v‡i‡Ri gvwj‡Ki ¯¿x Zv‡`i‡K evwo‡Z †W‡K †bq| Zv‡`i Avi
M¨v‡i‡R KvR Ki‡Z nqwb| gvwjK I Zuvi ¯¿xi †ønv`‡i Zviv `yR‡bB GLb †jLvcov wkL‡Q|
K. eyav †Kv_vq e‡m mvZB gv‡P©i fvlY ky‡bwQj? 1
L. ÔGevi g„Zz¨i DrcvZ kyi“ K‡i‡Q wfbœ iK‡gi gvbylÕÑeywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Uªjvi Wzwe NUbvwU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h NUbvi mv‡_ m½wZc–Y© Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi PvwP hw` DÏxc‡Ki M¨v‡i‡Ri gvwjK I Zvi ¯¿xi g‡Zv n‡Zv Zvn‡j eyav‡K GZUv Amnvq Rxebhvcb
Ki‡Z n‡Zv bvÓÑgš@e¨wU g–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
N wefvM : bvUK
10| GjvKvi gvby‡li Av¯’vi cÖZxK kni Avwj KweivR| †ivM-†kvK, `ytL-`y`©kvq mevB †Qv‡U Zvi wkKo-evKo, ZvweR-KeP I cvwb covi Rb¨| wZwbI
KvD‡K wdivb bv| nvw`qv wn‡m‡e mevB hv †`q Zv‡Z ¯^”Qjfv‡e P‡j Zvi cwievi| wKš‘ GKvR cQ›` K‡i bv Zvi wek¦we`¨vjq co~qv †Q‡j
†gveviK| †m g‡b K‡i GMy‡jvi †Kv‡bv ˆeÁvwbK wfwË †bB| Zvn‡j mviv c„w_exi wPwKrmv weÁvb GMy‡jv‡K ¯^xK…wZ w`Z| ZvB †m evev‡K Gme
KvR †Q‡o w`‡Z e‡j|
K. Zv‡nivi g‡Z wci mv‡ne †Kvb ai‡bi †jvK? 1
L. ÔAvm‡j †eov‡ji fveÕÑeywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki kni Avwj KweivR ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †h Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔ†cÖ¶vcU wfbœ n‡jI DÏxc‡Ki †gveviK I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg mg‡PZbvq wek¦vmxÕÕÑgš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv wePvi K‡iv| 4
11| ivwRqv `kg †kÖwYi †gavex wk¶v_©x| Wv³vi nevi ¯^cœ Zvi| cwievi †Zgb m”Qj wQj bv| nVvr Zvi evev cÖevmx gvS eqwm wecZœxK GK †jv‡Ki
mv‡_ Zvi we‡q wVK K‡i| ivwRqv Zvi evev‡K †evSv‡bvi †Póv K‡iI e¨_© nq| c‡i evÜex‡`i mv‡_ civgk© K‡i| we‡qi w`b evÜexiv cywjk
wb‡q Dcw¯’Z n‡q evj¨weev‡ni nvZ †_‡K Zv‡K i¶v K‡i| ivwRqv GLb Zvi ¯^cœ c–i‡Y D`¨gx|
K. evB‡ii N‡i †gvovi Ici ¯^cœvwe‡ói g‡Zv e‡mwQj †K? 1
L. ÔAvwg AevK nw”Q †Zvgvi AK…ZÁZv †`‡LÕÑG AK…ZÁZvi KviY e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki ivwRqvi evev †h w`K †_‡K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi evev-gv‡qi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔDÏxc‡Ki ivwRqv I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv gvbwmKZvi w`K †_‡K GK I Awfbœ|ÓÑgš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  30

DËigvjv
eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶v
1 K 2 L 3 M 4 N 5 K 6 L 7 M 8 N 9 K 10 N 11 M 12 N 13 K 14 L 15 M
DËi

16 N 17 K 18 L 19 M 20 N 21 K 22 L 23 K 24 L 25 K 26 N 27 K 28 L 29 L 30 N

m„Rbkxj
cÖkœ  01 Bs‡iwR gva¨g ¯‹z‡ji wk¶v_©x wknve cix¶v †k‡l MÖv‡g bvbv evwo‡Z †eov‡Z hvq| ¯’vbxq nv‡U †m †`‡L GKRb exY
evRv‡”Qb Avi Ab¨ GKRb Zvi mv‡_ †eûjv-jwL›`‡ii Ki“Y Kvwnwb †kvbv‡”Qb| GMy‡jv fv‡jv jv‡M Zvi| wKQy¶Y †kvbvi ci N‡i wd‡i
gv‡qi Kv‡Q cy‡iv Kvwnwb Rvb‡Z PvB‡j gv e‡jb, ÔGMy‡jv †m‡K‡j| †Zvgvi GMy‡jv †kLvi `iKvi †bB| Zzwg eis cvV¨eB‡qi cÖwZ
g‡bv‡hvMx nI|Õ wKš‘ wknve `‡g bv wM‡q c‡ii w`b Avevi nv‡U hvq Ges †mLv‡b wkíx‡`i cwi‡ewkZ ÔgûqviÕ cvjvwU †gvevB‡j
wfwW‡qv K‡i BDwUD‡e †Q‡o †`q| `yB w`‡bi g‡a¨ wfwW‡qvwU cuvP nvRv‡ii †ewk jvBK I †kqvi cvq| we¯§‡q Awff‚Z nq wknve|
K. f‚‡qv`k©b Kx? 1
L. ÔcwjÐmvwn‡Z¨ cwjÐRbbxi wn›`y-gymjgvb mKj mš@v‡biB mgvb AwaKviÕÑ eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki wknv‡ei gv‡qi g‡a¨ ÔcwjÐmvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Üi cÖwZdwjZ w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. wknv‡ei M„nxZ c`‡¶‡ci gva¨‡gB ÔcwjÐmvwnZ¨Õ cÖeÜ †jL‡Ki cÖZ¨vkv c–iY n‡Z cv‡iÑgš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv wbi–cY K‡iv| 4
1bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h Ôf‚‡qv`k©bÕ A_©Ñ cÖPzi †`Lv I †kvbvi gva¨‡g AwR©Z AwfÁZv|
i Av‡jvP¨ Dw³wUi gva¨‡g †jLK cwjÐmvwn‡Z¨i me©RbxbZv‡K †evSv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb|
ÔcwjÐmvwnZ¨Õ ej‡Z MÖvgevsjvi mvwnZ¨‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| MÖvgevsjvq †hgb wn›`y-gymjgvb meviB _vKvi AwaKvi Av‡Q| †Zgwb
MÖvgevsjvi gvby‡li myL-`yt‡Li, nvwm-Kvbœvi Mv_v wb‡q iwPZ cwjÐmvwn‡Z¨I mevi AwaKvi mgvb| mevB‡K G avivi mvwnZ¨ msi¶Y
Ki‡Z n‡e| ïay kû‡i mvwn‡Z¨ bq, Avengvb MÖvgevsjvi Qov, Mvb, Mv_vq i‡q‡Q me©Rbxb gvby‡li Av‡eM-Abyf‚wZ, cÖK…Z RxebvPiY|
ZvB cwjÐmvwnZ¨ †Kv‡bv †Mvôxi g‡a¨ mxgve× bv †i‡L me© †kÖwYi gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ Gi PP©v I we¯@„wZ NUv‡bv Avek¨K|
Dˇii g–jK_v : cwjÐmvwnZ¨ †Kv‡bv †Mvôxi g‡a¨ mxgve× bv †i‡L me©‡kÖwYi gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ Gi PP©v I we¯@„wZ NUv‡bv Avek¨K|
j DÏxc‡Ki wknv‡ei gv‡qi g‡a¨ ÔcwjÐmvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Üi cÖwZdwjZ w`KwU n‡jvÑ cwjÐi Ag–j¨ m¤•` cwjÐMv‡bi cÖwZ AeÁv|
cwjÐmvwnZ¨ Avgv‡`i Ag–j¨ m¤•`| cwjÐi ci‡Z ci‡Z Qwo‡q-wQwU‡q Av‡Q AmsL¨ Mvb, hv Avgv‡`i cwjÐmvwn‡Z¨i Ag–j¨ m¤•`| wKš‘ we‡`wk
mvwn‡Z¨i AbycÖ‡e‡k GMy‡jv wejyß n‡q hv‡”Q| ZvQvov Avgv‡`i A‡b‡KB cwjÐmvwnZ¨‡K AeÁvi `„wó‡Z †`‡L _v‡K, hv KL‡bvB Kvg¨ bq|
DÏxc‡Ki wknv‡ei gv Avgv‡`i cwjÐevsjvi mš@vb n‡qI cwjÐi Ag–j¨ m¤•` cwjÐMvbMy‡jv cQ›` K‡i bv| Zvi g‡Z, MÖvgevsjvi cvjvMvb
†m‡K‡j| GMy‡jv wknv‡ei †kLvi `iKvi †bB| Zvi g‡Zv †jvK‡`i‡K Bw½Z K‡iB ÔcwjÐmvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Ü †jLK G †`‡ki Ag–j¨ iZœwe‡kl
cwjÐi cvjvMv‡bi cÖwZ Ae‡njvi K_v e‡j‡Qb| cwjÐi gv‡V-Nv‡U Qwo‡q Av‡Q Rvwi, mvwi, fvwUqvwj, ivLvwj, gvidwZ, fvIqvBqv BZ¨vw`
evsjv Mvb Avi †eûjv jwL›`i I gûqvi cvjv| wKš‘ Ae‡njvi Kvi‡Y Gme Ag–j¨ m¤•` AvR nviv‡Z e‡m‡Q| kû‡i Mv‡bi cÖfv‡e
Gme Mvb‡K †m‡K‡j e‡j AeÁv Kiv n‡”Q| A_©vr DÏxc‡Ki wknv‡ei gv‡qi g‡a¨ cwjÐmvwnZ¨‡K Ae‡njvi w`KwU cy‡ivcywi cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : wknv‡ei gv‡qi g‡a¨ ÔcwjÐmvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Üi cvjv Mvb Ae‡njvi w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
k wknv‡ei M„nxZ c`‡¶‡ci gva¨‡gB ÔcwjÐmvwnZ¨Õ cÖeÜ †jL‡Ki cÖZ¨vkv c–iY n‡Z cv‡iÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔcwjÐmvwnZ¨Õ Avgv‡`i mg„× HwZ‡n¨i aviK I evnK| G‡Z mKj †kÖwYi gvby‡li RxebvPiY cÖwZdwjZ nq| cwjÐi ci‡Z ci‡Z †h
mvwnZ¨ Qwo‡q Av‡Q Zv Avgv‡`i cÖv‡Yi ¯•›`b| bvMwiK mvwn‡Z¨ †mB cÖv‡Yi †Quvqv †bB|
DÏxc‡Ki wknve Bs‡iwR gva¨g ¯‹z‡ji wk¶v_©x| †m cix¶v †k‡l MÖv‡g bvbv evwo‡Z †eov‡Z wM‡q ¯’vbxq nv‡U †eûjv jwL›`‡ii Kvwnwb
kyb‡Z cvq| wKQy¶Y ky‡b evwo G‡m gv‡qi Kv‡Q cy‡iv Kvwnwb Rvb‡Z Pvq| ZLb gv Zv‡K wbi“rmvwnZ K‡i e‡jb, GMy‡jv †m‡K‡j|
Gme †Zvgvi Rvbv-†kvbvi Ges †kLvi `iKvi †bB| G‡Z wknv‡ei gv‡qi Dš§vwmKZv cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| cvjvMv‡bi cÖwZ gv‡qi G AeÁv‡K
Avg‡j bv wb‡q wknve c‡ii w`b gûqv cvjv †gvevB‡j aviY K‡i BDwUD‡e †cv÷ K‡i| cvjvMv‡bi cÖwZ wknv‡ei AvKl©Y `ye©vi weavq
gv‡qi eviY AeÁv K‡i †m †h D‡`¨vM wb‡q‡Q Zv‡Z ÔcwjÐmvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki cÖZ¨vkv c–iY n‡Z cv‡i|
ÔcwjÐmvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Üi g–j welq n‡”Q MÖvg evsjvi Avbv‡P Kvbv‡P Qwo‡q-wQwU‡q _vKv mvwn‡Z¨i DcKiY msMÖn, msi¶Y I M‡elYvi
gva¨‡g †mMy‡jvi g–j¨vqb Kiv| DÏxc‡Ki wknv‡ei g‡a¨I GKB gvbwmKZvi cwiPq cvIqv hvq| MÖvgevsjvi Avbv‡P Kvbv‡P Qwo‡q _vKv
cwjÐmvwn‡Z¨i wewPÎ m¤•` msMÖn I msi¶‡Yi Myi“Z¡ Acwimxg| Kv‡RB G cÖeÜ †jL‡Ki cÖZ¨vkv c–iY n‡Z cv‡i wknv‡ei M„nxZ
c`‡¶‡ci gva¨‡gB|
Dˇii g–jK_v : wknv‡ei M„nxZ c`‡¶‡ci gva¨‡gB ÔcwjÐmvwnZ¨Õ cÖeÜ †jL‡Ki cÖZ¨vkv c–iY n‡Z cv‡i|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  31

cÖkœ  02 (i) Avgvi KÕRb `yóz †Q‡ji `j,

Mv‡Qi Zjvq M‡owQ †gv‡`i Av¯@vbv|
cvVkvjvi kvmb-eviY †f‡OwQ †gjv,
e‡ov w`wNi cvwb‡Z fvwm‡qwQ †fjv|
(ii) byb Avb‡Z cvš@v dz‡ivq, Pvj Avb‡Z Wvj,
gv‡mi g‡a¨I †Kbv n‡q I‡V bv;
Av`v †cuqvR Avi Svj|
K. Ô†ivqvKÕ Kx? 1
L. me©Rqvi K_v eÜ nevi Dcµg n‡jv †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxcK (i)-G ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi †h wPÎ aiv c‡o‡QÑZv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxcK (ii) †K Qvwc‡q DÏxcK (i)-Gi fvev_© †hb ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucy M‡í cÖvavb¨ we¯@vi K‡i‡QÑgš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
2bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h N‡ii mvg‡bi †Lvjv RvqMv ev eviv›`v‡K e‡j †ivqvK|
i AcÖZ¨vwkZ cÖvwš@K msev‡`i AvMÖ‡n me©Rqvi K_v eÜ nIqvi Dcµg n‡jv|
ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡í nwini MÖv‡gi Abœ`v iv‡qi evwo‡Z †Mvg¯@vi KvR K‡ib| †mw`b nwini ZvMv`vi Kv‡R `kNivq wM‡qwQj|
GKRb gvZei ai‡bi cqmvIqvjv †jvK gš@i †bIqvi AvMÖn cÖKvk K‡i Ges Muv‡q evgyb †bB e‡j GK Ni evgyb emv‡bvi LyeB B‡”Q
Zv‡`i| GRb¨ nwini hw` hvq Z‡e RvqMv-Rwg w`‡e, wKQy av‡bi RwgI w`‡Z ivwR Zviv| Gme K_v ky‡b AwZ Avn¬v‡` me©Rqv fvlvnxb
n‡q c‡o| AcÖZ¨vwkZ Ggb cÖvwßi msev‡` me©Rqvi K_v eÜ nIqv Dcµg nq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : me©Rqvi Kíbvi AwaK cÖvwßi msev‡` Zr¶Yvr fvlvnxb n‡q c‡o|
j DÏxc‡K (i)G ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi `yM©vi `yiš@cbvi wPÎ aiv c‡o‡Q|
ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡í ewY©Z, cÖK…wZi ey‡K evav eÜbnxbfv‡e AMva wePiY `yM©vi| gv‡qi Kov kvmb Zvi cv‡q †kKj civ‡Z cv‡i bv|
ˆPÎ gv‡mi †iv‡`i Zxeª `nb cÖK…wZ‡K cywo‡q †`q| gvbyl ZLb AvkÖq †bq N‡ii †Kv‡Y| wKš‘ Giƒc DËvcI `yM©v‡K `wg‡q ivL‡Z cv‡i
bv| ˆkk‡ei Abš@ Avb›`‡K Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z †m evwoi evB‡i P‡j hvq, Ny‡i †eovq GLv‡b †mLv‡b|
DÏxc‡K `yó †Q‡ji `j Mv‡Qi Zjvq I‡`i Av¯@vbv †M‡o‡Q| cvVkvjvi kvmb-eviY †f‡O Iiv †gjv ewm‡q‡Q, e‡ov w`wNi cvwb‡Z
†fjv fvwm‡q Iiv Aeva `yiš@cbvq †g‡Z‡Q| G‡`i eÜbnxb †Ljvi mv‡_ wg‡j hvq `yM©vi ¯^fve-ˆewkó¨| †Kbbv Iiv wPiš@b PÂj|
Zviv ˆkk‡ei c„w_ex‡K bZzb K‡i wPb‡Z wk‡L| cÖK…wZ‡Z Qwo‡q-wQwU‡q _vKv cÖwZwU Abyl‡½B Zviv Abvwej Avb‡›`i DcKiY Lyu‡R
cvq| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ evav-eÜb, fq-Wi KvR K‡i bv| †Kv‡bv cÖwZK‚jZvB Zv‡`i Acvi Avb›`‡K `wg‡q ivL‡Z cv‡i bv| DÏxc‡Ki
†Q‡j‡`i mv‡_ Gfv‡eB M‡íi `yM©v Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxcK (i)G †h wPÎ aiv c‡o‡Q Zv ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi `yM©vi `yiš@cbvi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c–Y©|
k DÏxcK (ii)†K Qvwc‡q DÏxcK (i)Gi fvev_© †hb ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡í cÖvavb¨ we¯@vi K‡i‡QÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ GKwU wb‡Uvj ˆkk‡ei `yiš@cbv I MÖvgxY Rxe‡bi Mí| fvB-†ev‡bi wPiš@b m¤•K©, PÂjZv, Avb›`, `yiš@cbv,
wbæweË Amnvq cwiev‡ii Avw_©K `yie¯’vi wPÎ, nwin‡ii wbæweË Rxeb I RxweKv wbe©v‡ni bvbv wPÎmn †ek wKQy w`K dz‡U D‡V‡Q
Av‡jvP¨ M‡í|
DÏxcK (ii)G Av‡Q Afv‡ei bMœ wPÎ| GLv‡b ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Afv‡ei b„ksmiƒc| byb Avb‡Z cvš@v dzivq, Pvj Avb‡Z Wvj| Avevi
gv‡mi g‡a¨I †Kbv nq bv Av`v, †cuqvR, gwiP| GgbB wb`vi“Y Ae¯’vi eY©bvmg„× DÏxcKwU| Ab¨w`‡K DÏxcK (i)G I j¶Yxq|
DÏxc‡Ki †Q‡j‡`i Avb›`gq wePiY dz‡U D‡V‡Q| wkky-wK‡kvi g‡bi PÂjZv, Avb›`gqZv Dfq‡¶‡ÎB we`¨gvb| ZvB cÖ‡kœv³
gš@e¨wU h_v_© ejv hvq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : (i)Gi fvev_© †hb ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡í cÖvavb¨ we¯@vi K‡i‡Q|
cÖkœ  03 XvKv-wm‡jU gnvmo‡K `ª“ZMvgx GKwU hvÎxevnx evm wmGbwR PvwjZ A‡Uvwi·v‡K av°v w`‡j NUbv¯’‡j `yRb wbnZ nq
Ges Aci PviRb hvÎx Myi“Zi AvnZ n‡q iv¯@vq c‡o _v‡K| `yN©Ubv¯’‡j GKRb c_Pvix wbnZ I AvnZ hvÎx‡`i †gvevBj †dvb I
gvwbe¨vMmn Myi“Z¡c–Y© wRwbmcÎ wb‡q †`uŠ‡o cvwj‡q hvq| A_P cvk¦eZ©x ¯‹z‡ji GKRb wk¶K NUbv¯’‡j G‡m dvqvi mvwf©m I nvBI‡q
cywjk‡K Lei †`b| cvkvcvwk wZwb AvnZ e¨w³‡`i nvmcvZv‡j cvVv‡bvi e¨e¯’v K‡ib|
K. Ônv‡gkvÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? 1
L. Abœe‡¯¿i cÖvPz‡h©i †P‡q gyw³ e‡ov †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki c_Pvixi AvPi‡Y Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi †h w`KwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡K D‡jÐwLZ wk¶K †hb Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki Kvw¸¶Z e¨w³Z¡| Ñg–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  32

3bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb

h Ônv‡gkvÕ k‡ãi A_© memgq, me©¶Y|
i gbyl¨Z¡‡ev‡a DÏxß gvbyl cÖPzi Abœe‡¯¿i †jv‡f Kvivi“× Rxe‡bi †P‡q AvZ¥cÖKv‡ki ¯^vaxbZv‡K e‡ov g‡b K‡i|
RxemËv‡K i¶vi Rb¨ A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q, wKš‘ LvIqv civi mgm¨v wg‡U †M‡jB Rxe‡bi Dbœqb m¤¢e nq bv| GRb¨ cÖ‡qvRb wPš@v,
eyw× I AvZ¥cÖKv‡ki ¯^vaxbZv| ZvB gbyl¨Z¡‡ev‡a DÏxß gvbyl cÖPzi Abœe‡¯¿i †jv‡f Kvivi“× bv n‡q gy³ Rxeb‡KB †e‡Q †bq| KviY
A_©wPš@vi wbM‡o ew›` gvby‡li †Kv‡bv g–j¨ †bB| GRb¨ ejv n‡q‡Q, ÔAbœe‡¯¿i cÖvPz‡h©i †P‡qI gyw³ e‡ov|Õ
Dˇii g–jK_v : RxemËvi Abœe‡¯¿i cÖvPz‡h©i †P‡qI gbyl¨Z¡‡eva I AvZ¥cÖKv‡ki ¯^vaxbZv A‡bK e‡ov|
j DÏxc‡Ki c_Pvixi AvPi‡Y Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi gbyl¨Z¡nxbZv ev AgvbweK w`KwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q|
wk¶vi gva¨‡g gvby‡li g–j¨‡eva RvMÖZ nq| wk¶vB gvby‡li gbyl¨‡Z¡i weKvk NUv‡Z cv‡i| cÖK…Z wk¶vi Av‡jv †_‡K ewÂZ gvbyl
AbœwPš@vi wbMo †_‡K gyw³ jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| wk¶vi d‡j gbyl¨‡Z¡i ¯^v` †c‡j Abœe‡¯¿i mgm¨vi mgvavb mnR nq|
Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Ü †jLK e‡j‡Qb, gvby‡li g‡a¨ gbyl¨‡Z¡i RvMiY NUv‡bvB wk¶vi cÖK…Z D‡Ïk¨| RxemËvi cÖ‡qvR‡b gvbyl †hgb
A_©wPš@v ev AbœwPš@vq e¨¯@ _v‡K| †Zgwb gvbemËv gvbyl‡K gbyl¨Z¡ †jv‡Ki m‡½ cwiPq Kwi‡q †`q| Avi wk¶v gvby‡li gv‡S gbyl¨Z¡
I g–j¨‡ev‡ai D‡š§l NwU‡q gvbyl‡K gvbweK MyYm¤•bœ Av‡jvwKZ gvbyl wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zv‡j|
DÏxc‡Ki c_Pvix `yN©Ubv¯’‡j wbnZ I AvnZ hvÎx‡`i †gvevBj †dvb I gvwbe¨vMmn Myi“Z¡c–Y© wRwbmcÎ wb‡q †`Š‡o cvwj‡q hvq|
wec`MÖ¯’ gvbyl‡`i mn‡hvwMZvi cwie‡Z© †m Zv‡`i g–j¨evb wRwbmcÎ AvÍmvr K‡i| c_Pvix cÖK…Z wk¶vi †`Lv cvqwb e‡j Zvi Rxe‡b
gbyl¨Z¡‡ev‡ai RvMiY N‡Uwb| ZvB †m gvby‡li Pig wec‡`i mgq wb‡R ¯^v_© D×v‡i KvR K‡i‡Q| wk¶v jv‡fi gva¨‡g gbyl¨‡Z¡i weKvk
bv NUvq c_Pvix Ggb nxb AvPiY Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q| Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Ü ejv n‡q‡Q cÖK…Z wk¶vi d‡j gvby‡li g‡a¨ gbyl¨‡Z¡i weKvk
N‡U| Avi †m gbyl¨‡Z¡i weKvk ev g–j¨‡ev‡ai K_v cÖe‡Ü ejv n‡q‡Q, c_Pvix Zvi †`Lv cvqwb| ZvB c_Pvixi AvPi‡Y Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ
cÖe‡Üi AgvbweK w`KwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki c_Pvixi AvPi‡Y Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi gbyl¨Z¡nxbZvi w`KwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q|
k ÒDÏxc‡K DwjÐwLZ wk¶K †hb Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖeÜ †jL‡Ki Kvw¸¶Z e¨w³Z¡|ÓÑ Dw³wU h_v_©|
Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Ü †jLK gvbeRxeb‡K `ywU mËvq fvM K‡i‡Qb| Zvi GKwU n‡jv RxemËv Avi Ab¨wU n‡jv gvbemËv ev gbyl¨Z¡|
RxemËvi cÖ‡qvR‡b Abœe‡¯¿i wPš@v †_‡K gyw³ jvf N‡U| gvbemËv Øviv wk¶v jv‡fi gva¨‡g gbyl¨‡Z¡i ewntcÖKvk N‡U| cÖvew܇Ki
g‡Z, wk¶v jv‡fi d‡j gvby‡li Abœe‡¯¿i mgm¨v mgvav‡bi c_ mnR n‡q D‡V| wKš‘ wk¶vi Avmj KvR g–j¨‡eva m„wó|
DÏxc‡K `yN©Ubv¯’‡ji cvk¦©eZ©x ¯‹z‡ji GKRb wk¶K NUbv¯’‡j G‡m mvnv‡h¨i nvZ evwo‡q †`b| wZwb G‡m dvqvi mvwf©m I nvBI‡q
cywjk‡K Lei †`b| cvkvcvwk wZwb AvnZ e¨w³‡`i nvmcvZv‡j cvVv‡bvi e¨e¯’v K‡ib| wZwb wbe©vK `uvwo‡q _v‡Kbwb wKsev c_Pvixi
g‡Zv AvnZ wKsev wbnZ‡`i me©¯^ jyU Ki‡Z e¨¯@ n‡q c‡obwb| wZwb hv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb Zv Kivi gva¨‡g gvbweKZvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb|
Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖeÜ I Av‡jvP¨ DÏxc‡K wk¶vi Avmj KvR g–j¨‡eva m„wói K_v ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| cÖe‡Ü †jL‡Ki g–j D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q
g–j¨‡ev‡ai Myi“Z¡ mK‡ji mvg‡b Dc¯’vcb Kiv| Avi Zv †h †Kej mywk¶vi gva¨‡g AwR©Z nq Zv wZwb D‡jÐL K‡i‡Qb| wZwb ej‡Z
†P‡q‡QbÑ cÖK…Z wk¶vB cv‡i gvbyl‡K mwZ¨Kvi gbyl¨‡Z¡i ¯^v` w`‡Z, mZ¨-wg_¨vi cv_©K¨ Abyaveb Ki‡Z I gvbweK Uv‡b mvov w`‡q
gvbeZvi Kv‡R Svwc‡q co‡Z| DÏxc‡Ki wk¶K cÖK…Z wk¶v jvf K‡i‡Qb e‡jB wZwb `yN©UbvKewjZ gvby‡li mn‡hvwMZvq `ª“Z GwM‡q
Av‡mb Ges hv Kiv `iKvi wZwb Zv K‡ib| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki wk¶K †hb Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖeÜ †jL‡Ki Kvw¸¶Z e¨w³Z¡|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡K DwjÐwLZ wk¶K †hb Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖeÜ †jL‡Ki Kvw¸¶Z e¨w³Z¡|
cÖkœ  04 wmqv‡gi evev ivOvgvwU †Rjvi eb wefv‡Mi Kg©KZ©v| GmGmwm cix¶v †k‡l †m evevi Kv‡Q ivOvgvwU †eov‡Z hvq| †mLv‡b
R½jve„Z cvnvwo cwi‡ek| weKvj n‡Z bv n‡ZB ey‡bv gkv‡`i Dc`ªe kyi“ nq| g¨v‡jwiqvq g„Zz¨ †hb †mLv‡b ˆbwgwËK e¨vcvi| iv‡Zi
AÜKvi bvg‡jB †kvbv hvq wewfbœ eb¨ cÖvYxi WvK| f‡q Mv QgQg K‡i Zvi| Av‡Q mv‡ci fqI| w`‡bi †ejv‡ZI GKvKx evB‡i
†eov‡bv hvq bv| G Ae¯’v fv‡jv jv‡M bv Zvi| ZvB K‡qKw`b †h‡Z bv †h‡ZB †m wbR evmv XvKvq wd‡i Avm‡Z Pvq|
K. RM`‡ji w`bMywj Avb›`gq nevi cÖavb KviY Kx wQj? 1
L. gnvivRvi KzKziwU‡K Lvb`vwb ejv n‡q‡Q †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔwbqwZÕ M‡íi mv`„k¨c–Y© w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔmv`„k¨ _vK‡jI DÏxcKwU ÔwbqwZÕ M‡íi g–j DcRxe¨ bqÓÑgš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv wbi–cY K‡iv| 4
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  33

4bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb

h RM`‡ji w`bMy‡jv Avb›`gq nIqvi A‡bKMy‡jv Kvi‡Yi cÖavb KviY ¯‹z‡ji hš¿Yv †_‡K gyw³|
i gnvivRvi KzKziwUi Av`e-Kvq`v Ges ivRKxq nIqvq †jLK KzKziwU‡K Lvb`vwb e‡j‡Qb|
RM`‡j †h gnviv‡Ri emZevwo‡Z †jL‡Ki cwievi emevm KiZ, †mLv‡b gnvivRvi GKwU KzKzi wQj| KzKziwUi bvg wQj †e½j
UvBMvi| KzKziwUi Av`e-Kvq`v †ek fv‡jv wQj| gvwU‡Z Lvevi †X‡j w`‡j †m Lvq bv, _vjvq w`‡Z nq| ïay Zv-B bq, Lvevi †`Iqvi
ci Zv‡K gy‡L LvIqvi K_v e‡j w`‡Z n‡Zv| GB me Kvi‡YB †jLK KzKziwU‡K Lvb`vwb e‡j‡Qb|
Dˇii g–jK_v : gnvivRvi KzKziwUi Av`e-Kvq`v Ges ivRKxq nIqvq †jLK KzKziwU‡K Lvb`vwb e‡j‡Qb|
j DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔwbqwZÕ M‡íi mv`„k¨c–Y© w`K n‡jvÑ e‡bi wnsmª cwi‡ek I g¨v‡jwiqvq g„Zz¨|
cÖK…wZi mvwbœa¨ mevB‡K Avb›` †`q| ZvB gvbyl mgq †c‡jB Qy‡U hvq cÖK…wZi mvwbœ‡a¨| cÖK…wZi gv‡S gvbyl Lu‡y R †eovq Abvwej Avb›`|
cÖK…wZB gvby‡li mKj Ac–Y©Zv, e¨_©Zv I e¨_v fzwj‡q c–Y©, mv_©K I Avb›`c–Y© Rxeb AwZevwnZ Kivi mnvqK kw³| cÖK…wZi gv‡SB gvbyl
Lu‡y R †bq kvwš@, my‡Li Agwjb aviv|
DÏxc‡Ki wmqv‡gi evev ivOvgvwU eb wefv‡Mi Kg©KZ©v| wZwb †hLv‡b _v‡Kb †mLv‡b R½jve„Z cvnvwo cwi‡ek| weKvj n‡Z bv n‡ZB
gkvi Dc`ªe kyi“ nq| g¨v‡jwiqvq g„Zz¨ †hb †mLv‡b ˆbwgwËK e¨vcvi| iv‡Zi AÜKvi bvg‡jB †kvbv hvq wewfbœ eb¨cÖvYxi WvK Av‡Q
mv‡ci fqI| Abyiƒc wPÎ Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB ÔwbqwZÕ M‡í| †mLv‡bI g¨v‡jwiqvq g„Zz¨ wQj ˆbwgwËK e¨vcvi| cÖwZw`bB †jL‡Ki evev
Kuv‡a Mywjfiv e›`yK wb‡q ej‡Zb, Pj e‡b †eov‡Z hvB| Kuv‡a e›`yK †bIqvi KviY, cÖvqB evN †ei nq| we‡kl K‡i wPZvevN| iv‡Z
A‡bK wewPÎ kã AvmZ eb †_‡K| AvZ‡¼ †jLK wkD‡i DV‡Zb| ZvB ejv hvq DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔwbqwZÕ M‡íi mv`„k¨c–Y© w`K cwi‡ek
I g¨v‡jwiqv|
Dˇii g–jK_v : M‡íi †cÖ¶vcU, cwi‡ek I g¨v‡jwiqvi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔwbqwZÕ Mí mv`„k¨c–Y©|
k Òmv`„k¨ _vK‡jI DÏxcKwU ÔwbqwZÕ M‡íi g–j DcRxe¨ bq|ÓÑgš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔwbqwZÕ M‡í †jLK ˆkk‡ei RM`‡ji ¯§„wZ †ivgš’b K‡i‡Qb| M‡íi weei‡Y gyL¨ n‡q D‡V‡Q Ô†e½j UvBMviÕ bvgK KzKziwUi `ytLRbK
cwiYwZ| G M‡í i‡q‡Q M‡íi †cÖ¶vcU, cwi‡ek eY©bv| KzK‡z ii cwiYwZi g‡Zv †mLvbKvi cwi‡ek cwiw¯’wZi eY©bvI Kg Myi“Z¡c–Y© bq|
R½‡ji fqvZ© cwi‡ek, gkvi DrcvZ, g¨v‡jwiqvi AvµgYmn bvbv NUbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q M‡í| wKš‘ DÏxcKwU kyay M‡íi AiY¨gq
cwi‡ek I gkvi Drcv‡Z g¨v‡jwiqvi msµgY welqK|
DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq, †m R½jve„Z cvnvwo cwi‡ek| g¨v‡jwiqvi g„Zz¨ †hb †mLv‡b ˆbwgwËK e¨vcvi| ÔwbqwZÕ M‡íI g¨v‡jwiqvi g„Zz¨ wQj
ˆbwgwËK e¨vcvi| GQvov wKQy cvnvwo ev eb¨ Rš‘i K_v Av‡Q DÏxc‡K Ges M‡í| wKš‘ †h KzKziwU wb‡q ÔwbqwRZÕ Mí †m cÖm‡½ †Kv‡bv
K_v DÏxc‡K †bB| ZvB ejv hvq, mv`„k¨ _vK‡jI DÏxcKwU ÔwbqwZÕ M‡íi g–j DcRxe¨ bq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : wbqwZ M‡íi we¯@„wZ A‡bK| DÏxcKwU kyay G M‡íi LÊvsk wb‡q, g–j NUbv wb‡q bq|
cÖkœ  05 ¯@eK-1 : GKevi †h‡Z †` bv Avgvq †QvÆ †mvbvi Muvq
†h_vq †KvwKj Wv‡K Kzû
†`v‡qj Wv‡K gyû gyû
b`x †h_vq Qy‡U P‡j Avcb wVKvbvq|
¯@eK-2 : wgQv gwY gy³v †ng, ¯^‡`‡ki wcÖq †cÖg,
Zvi †P‡q iZœ bvwn Avi|
myavK‡i KZ myav `–i K‡i Z…lv ¶zav,
¯^‡`‡ki kyf mgvPvi|
K. m‡b‡Ui †Kvb As‡k fv‡ei cÖeZ©bv _v‡K? 1
L. ÔAvi Kx †n n‡e †`Lv?Õ-G As‡k Kweg‡bi Awfe¨w³ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. ¯@eK-1 ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi †h fv‡ei Bw½Z enb K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ¯@eK-2 †hb ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi g–j †PZbv‡KB aviY K‡i‡Q| g–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
5bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h m‡b‡Ui Aó‡K fv‡ei cÖeZ©bv _v‡K|
i Kwei msk‡qi KviY Zuvi ¯^‡`‡ki mvwbœa¨ jv‡fi AwbðqZv|
Kwe Zuvi gvZ„f‚wg‡K Mfxifv‡e fv‡jvev‡mb| Avi ZvB cÖev‡m †_‡KI wZwb gvZ„f‚wgi wcÖq b` K‡cvZv‡¶i K_v †f‡e we‡fvi nb|
K‡cvZv‡¶i gayi ¯§„wZ Zuvi g‡b m`v RvMiƒK| msMZ Kvi‡YB `xN© cÖevm Rxe‡b wcÖq b‡`i mvwbœa¨ jv‡fi e¨vKzjZv †_‡K Zuvi g‡b
msk‡qi m„wó nq †h, wZwb Avi K‡cvZv‡¶i †`Lv cv‡eb wK bv|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Kwei msk‡qi KviY Zuvi ¯^‡`‡ki mvwbœa¨ jv‡fi AwbðqZv|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  34

j ¯@eK-1 ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq dz‡U IVv Kwei Rš§f‚wgcÖxwZi w`KwUi Bw½Z enb K‡i|
b`xgvZ…K evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li Rxe‡b b`x Mfxifv‡e cÖfve we¯@vi K‡i| b`x Zx‡ii cÖK…wZ I iƒc‰ewPΨ G‡`‡ki gvby‡li ˆkke I
ˆK‡kv‡ii Rxeb‡K Avb›`gyLi K‡i †Zv‡j| gvbyl †h cÖK…wZi g‡a¨ †e‡o I‡V †mUv ARv‡š@B Zvi g‡b Mfxi †iLvcvZ K‡i|
DÏxc‡K †KvwK‡ji Kzû Kzû, †`v‡q‡ji gyû gyû Wv‡K cvMj Kiv †QvÆ †mvbvi Mv‡q Kwe †h‡Z Pvb, †hLv‡b b`x Qy‡U P‡j Aweivg Avcb
wVKvbvq wejxb n‡Z| ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvqI cÖevmx Kwei wbR Rš§f‚wgi cvk w`‡q cÖevwnZ K‡cvZv¶ b`‡K g‡b c‡o| K‡cvZv‡¶i
KjKj aŸwb Kwei Kv‡Q wbkvi ¯^c‡b gvqvgš¿ aŸwbi g‡Zv g‡b nq| kyay ZvB bq, wZwb eû †`k Ny‡i eû b`x †`L‡jI ¯^‡`‡ki
K‡cvZv¶ b`xi RjB †Kej Zuvi †ønZ…òv †gUv‡Z cv‡i| Kwe؇qi Ggb Abyfe Zv‡`i Rš§f‚wgi cÖwZ AK…wÎg fv‡jvevmv‡KB Zz‡j a‡i|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Av‡jvP¨ KweZv ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ Kwei Aw¯@‡Z¡i m‡½ wg‡k Av‡Q| ZvB cÖev‡m wM‡qI Kwe Zv‡K fzj‡Z cv‡ib bv| DÏxc‡Ki KweI
Rš§f‚wgi m‡½ Mfxi e܇bi Kvi‡Y †h †Kv‡bv g–‡j¨ wZwb wd‡i Avm‡Z Pvb| G w`K †_‡K KweZv I DÏxcK fveMZfv‡e mv`„k¨c–Y©|
k Ò¯@eK-2 †hb ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi g–j †PZbv‡KB aviY K‡i‡Q|ÓÑ Dw³wU h_v_©|
Rš§f‚wg cÖwZwU gvby‡li Kv‡Q cig fv‡jvevmvi| Rš§f‚wg †_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡q †KD KL‡bv fv‡jv _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| †`‡ki Av‡jv-evZvm
cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`h© mevB‡K gy» K‡i| ZvB gvZ…f‚wgi mv‡_ cÖwZwU gvby‡li i‡q‡Q Mfxi m¤•K©|
DÏxc‡K ¯^‡`k ev Rš§f‚wgi cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv I ggZ¡‡ev‡ai w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q| GLv‡b m¤•‡`i †P‡q †`k‡cÖg‡K AwaK Myi“Z¡v‡ivc Kiv
n‡q‡Q| †`k‡cÖ‡g D¾xweZ n‡j ¯^‡`‡ki Abyf‚wZ ü`q‡K Av‡›`vwjZ K‡i| G Rb¨ ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`; KweZvq Kwe cÖevmRxe‡bI
K‡cvZv¶ b‡`i KjKj aŸwb kyb‡Z cvb| Kwe A‡bK †`‡ki b`b`x †`‡L‡Qb, A‡bK †`k Ny‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`‡h© cwic–Y© Avi
†Kv‡bv †`k I b`b`x Zuv‡K we‡gvwnZ Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|
ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq ¯§„wZKvZiZvi Avei‡Y g–jZ Kwei AZz¨¾¡j †`k‡cÖ‡gi wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q| g–jZ ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq †`‡ki
cÖwZ Kwei Mfxi ü`‡qi AvwZ©B ¯@eK-2 G cÖwZaŸwbZ n‡q‡Q| ZvB Kwe ˆkk‡ei ¯§„wZweRwoZ K‡cvZv¶ b`‡K fzj‡Z c‡ibwb| G b`
Kwe‡K Abb¨ fv‡jvevmvq wm³ K‡i‡Q, gv‡qi †øn‡Wv‡i †eu‡a Zuvi ˆkke¯§„wZ RvMÖZ K‡i‡Q| my`–i cÖev‡m e‡m Kwe K‡cvZv¶ b‡`i
KjKj aŸwb kyb‡Z cvb| ZvB‡Zv fv‡jvevmv cÖZ¨vkx Kwe GB b‡`i †ønavivq wg‡k wd‡i Avm‡Z Pvb Zuvi wcÖq Rš§f‚wg‡Z|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ¯@eK-2 †hb ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi g–j †PZbv‡KB aviY K‡i‡Q|
cÖkœ  06 `„k¨Kí-1 : wn›`y bv Iiv gymwjg IB wRÁv‡m †Kvb Rb
KvÛvwi ej Wzwe‡Q gvbyl mš@vb †gvi gvi|
`„k¨Kí-2 : Kvivi H †jŠnKcvU,
†f‡O †dj, Ki †i †jvcvU,
i³-RgvU
wkKj c–Rvi cvlvY-†e`x|
K. Kvi †bZ…‡Z¡ ev‡iv f‚uBqviv HK¨e× n‡q I‡V? 1
L. evsjvi Avjc_ w`‡q nvRvi eQi Pjv ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. `„k¨Kí-1-G ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq ewY©Z evOvwj †PZbvi †h w`KwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Ô`„k¨Kí-2-Gi †PZbvi Ici fi K‡iB †hb Avgiv G‡m †cuŠ‡QwQ AvR‡Ki GB evsjvq|ÕÑ gš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv wbi–cY K‡iv| 4
6bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h Ckv Luvi †bZ…‡Z¡ ev‡iv fu–Bqviv HK¨e× n‡q I‡V|
i Ôevsjvi Avjc_ w`‡q nvRvi eQi PwjÕ ej‡Z MÖvgevjvi c_NvU, avb‡L‡Zi Avj w`‡q †nu‡U Pjv‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
evOvwji AvZ¥cwiPq wb‡`©k Ki‡Z wM‡q eû cyiv‡bv mvs¯‹…wZK HwZn¨ Ges my`xN© msMÖvgx BwZnvm Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| †mB m‡½ MÖvgevsjvi
c_NvU, avb‡L‡Zi Avjc‡_ †nu‡U Pjvi K_vI e‡j‡Qb wZwb| G‡Z MÖvgcÖavb evsjv‡`‡ki Avw` †hvMv‡hv‡Mi c_wb‡`©k K‡i‡Qb wZwb|
evOvwji K…wlKvR Ges gvwUi m‡½ Nwbô m¤•‡K©i w`KwU GLv‡b cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Kwe AvZ¥cwiPq wb‡`©k Ki‡Z wM‡q MÖvgevsjvi avb‡L‡Zi Avjc_ w`‡q †nu‡U Pjv nvRvi eQ‡ii cy‡iv‡bv HwZn¨‡K ¯§iY K‡i‡Qb|
j `„k¨Kí-1G ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq ewY©Z evOvwji mvg¨ev`x †PZbvi w`KwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q|
evOvwj RvwZ wPiKvj Amv¤•Ö`vwqK †PZbvq wek¦vmx| ZvB wewfbœ ag©-e‡Y© m¤•ÖxwZ, †mŠnv`© I fvZ…Z¡ GLv‡b AbyKiYxq `„óvš@ ¯’vcb
K‡i‡Q| me¨mvPx †jLK ˆmq` kvgmyj nK iwPZ ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq dz‡U IVv G e³e¨wUB Av‡jvP¨ DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡k evYxiƒc
jvf K‡i‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡k Amv¤•Ö`vwqK †PZbvi cwiPq j¶ Kiv hvq, †hLv‡b wn›`y-gymwjg cwiP‡qi E‡aŸ© evOvwj wn‡m‡e Awfbœ RvwZMZ
cwiP‡qi wbwi‡L mKj‡K g–j¨vqb K‡i‡Qb Kwe| wZwb g‡b K‡ib, wn›`y ev gymwjg bq, Avgiv mevB evOvwj| ZvQvov Avgv‡`i me‡P‡q
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  35

e‡ov cwiPq n‡jv Avgiv gvbyl| ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvqI evOvwj wn‡m‡e Kwei Ggb D`vi `„wófw½i cwiPq †g‡j| †mLv‡b wZwb
RvwZi nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnvm I HwZ‡n¨i bvbv Abyl½ Zz‡j a‡i evOvwj RvwZi g–jgš¿ wn‡m‡e Amv¤•Ö`vwqK †PZbv I gvbweK
g–j¨‡eva‡K ¯’vb w`‡q‡Qb| Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi G w`KwUi mv‡_B DÏxcKwU m¤•wK©Z|
Dˇii g–jK_v : evOvwj RvwZ wPiKvj Amv¤•Ö`vwqK †PZbvq wek¦vmx| ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq dz‡U IVv G e³e¨wUB DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡k evYxiƒc
jvf K‡i‡Q|
k Ò`„k¨Kí-2Gi †PZbvi Ici fi K‡iB †hb Avgiv G‡m †cuŠ‡QwQ AvR‡Ki GB evsjvq|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
evOvwj RvwZmËvi BwZnvm, HwZn¨ I ms¯‹…wZ eû eQ‡ii cy‡iv‡bv| we‡kl †Kv‡bv NUbvi ga¨ w`‡q nVvr K‡i evOvwj RvwZmËv M‡o
I‡Vwb| BwZnvm, HwZn¨, wkí, mvwnZ¨, ms¯‹…wZ cÖf…wZ avivcÖev‡n Zvi AvMgb| GB avivcÖevn a‡iB evOvwji RvwZmËv wU‡K Av‡Q|
DÏxc‡K evOvwj RvwZi AcÖwZ‡iva¨ msMÖv‡gi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| †Kv‡bv kw³B evOvwj‡K c`vebZ K‡i ivL‡Z cv‡iwb| KvivMv‡ii
†jŠnKcvU †f‡O evOvwj Zvi Avcb AwaKvi ey‡S wb‡q‡Q| G‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi Aš@‡ii m‡½ wg‡k hvIqv gg©evYx n‡”Q cÖwZ‡iv‡ai
m¤•ÖxwZ| fvlv, mvwnZ¨, ms¯‹…wZ, ag©‡eva I wek¦v‡m cvi¯•wiK mg‡SvZv I kÖ×v‡ev‡ai gva¨‡g, cÖwZwnsmv Z¨vM K‡i AcÖwZ‡iva¨
msMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g GK Av`k© M‡o Zz‡j‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki evOvwji g‡Zv ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi evOvwjI GKB BwZnvm, HwZn¨ I ms¯‹…wZi aviK I evnK| hy‡M hy‡M bvbv Av‡›`vjb,
wecÐe-we‡`ªvn Avi gZv`‡k©i weKvk I msnwZ mvab n‡Z n‡Z Avgiv G‡m †cuŠ‡QwQ AvR‡Ki evsjvq, n‡qwQ AvR‡Ki evOvwj| ZvB
cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡K evsjvi wPiš@b I kvk¦Z iƒc Ges evOvwj RvwZi µgweKvk I ˆewkó¨ dz‡U I‡V‡Q| ZvB ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq Kwe †h
evOvwji cwiPq Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb, Zv DÏxc‡Ki evOvwji cÖwZiƒc| KviY hy‡M hy‡M bvbv Av‡›`vjb, wecÐe-we‡`ªvn Avi gZv`‡k©i weKvk I msnwZ mvab
n‡Z n‡Z Avgiv G‡m †cuŠ‡QwQ AvR‡Ki evsjvq|
cÖkœ  07 ¯@eK-1 : gnvÍv MvÜx D`vi gvbwmKZv wb‡q mvaviY gvby‡li cv‡k `uvwo‡qwQ‡jb| wbR ¯^v_© fz‡j wZwb Zv‡`i‡K
fvB e‡j, eÜy e‡j Kv‡Q †U‡b wb‡qwQ‡jb| Zv‡`i‡K bv LvIqv‡Z cvi‡j wb‡RI bv †L‡q †_‡K‡Qb| GLv‡b wZwb abx-Mwie, RvwZ-ag©
wePvi K‡ibwb|
¯@eK-2 : Avey Bmnv‡Ki Ô†RuvKÕ M‡í †`Lv hvq, gnvR‡biv wewfbœ ARynv‡Z Mwie eM©vPvwl‡`i K‡ói dmj AwaKvskB †K‡o †bq| mv`v
KvM‡R wUcmB wb‡q wg‡_¨ †`bvi `v‡q Zv‡`i me©nviv K‡i Qv‡o| nvofv½v LvUwb †L‡UI Dmgv‡bi g‡Zv eM©vPvwliv `y-†ejv †cUcy‡i
†L‡Z cvq bv|
K. ÔgvbylÕ KweZvwU Kwei †Kvb Kve¨MÖš’ n‡Z msKwjZ? 1
L. ÒH gw›`i c–Rvixi, nvq †`eZv, †Zvgvi bq|Ó Ñ eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. ¯@eK-1-G ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi †h fv‡ei cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔ†cÖ¶vcU wfbœ n‡jI ¯@eK-2 Gi ÔgnvRb I gvbylÕ KweZvi †gvjÐv-cy‡ivwn‡Zi ¯^i–c GKB|ÓÑwe‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
7bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h ÔgvbylÕ KweZvwU Kwei Ômvg¨ev`xÕ Kve¨MÖš’ n‡Z msKwjZ|
i gw›`i‡K †K›`Ö K‡i c–Rvwii e¨w³¯^v_© nvwm‡ji welq‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³wU Øviv|
m„wóKZ©v abx-Mixe mevB‡K mgvb `„wó‡Z †`‡Lb| Avi ag©xq Dcvmbvj‡q mKj †kÖwYi gvby‡li mgv‡ek NU‡e  GUvB ¯^vfvweK| wKš‘
eZ©gvb ag©Myi‡y `i e¨w³¯^v‡_© Dcvmbvjq e¨envi Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq| ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq ¶yavZ© GK e¨w³i cÖwZ gw›`‡ii c–Rvwi AgvbweK
AvPiY K‡i e‡j e¨w³wU ¶zä n‡q Av‡jvP¨ Dw³wU K‡i|
Dˇii g–jK_v : gw›`‡ii c–Rvwii nxb ¯^v_© j¶ K‡i fzLvwi Awf‡hv‡Mi my‡i Dw³wU K‡i‡Qb|
j ¯@eK-1G ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi Amv¤•Ö`vwqK I mvg¨ev`x fv‡ei cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q|
GB c„w_ex‡Z gvby‡li g‡a¨ RvZ-ag©-e‡Y©i †h cv_©K¨ †`Lv hvq Zv gvby‡li ˆZwi| mvg¨ev‡`i `„wó‡Z c„w_exi me gvbyl mgvb gh©v`vi
AwaKvix| hviv G mZ¨‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i Zviv ¯^v_©ci| AgvbweK| hviv gvbyl‡K gvbyl wn‡m‡e gh©v`v †`q, gvbe‡mevq AvÍwb‡qvM K‡i
Zviv mªóvi wcÖqcvÎ| DÏxc‡K gnvÍv MvÜxi D`vi gvbwmKZvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| wZwb wbR ¯^v_© fz‡j gvbyl‡K fvB e‡j, eÜy e‡j ey‡K
†U‡b wb‡qwQ‡jb| Zv‡`i‡K bv LvIqv‡Z cvi‡j wZwb wb‡RI bv †L‡q †_‡K‡Qb| wZwb KL‡bv abx-Mwie, RvwZ-ag© wePvi K‡ibwb| GB
AvÍci †f` bv _vKvi welqwU ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi gvbeZv‡eva I Amv¤•Ö`vwqK †PZbv welqwUi m‡½ mv`„k¨c–Y©| G KweZvq Kwe mvg¨ev‡`i
`„wó‡Z c„w_exi me gvbyl‡K GK I Awfbœ we‡ePbv K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi Kv‡Q RvwZ-a‡g©i E‡aŸ© gvby‡li GKgvÎ cwiPq †m gvbyl| DÏxc‡K
RvwZ-ag©-e‡Y©i ˆelg¨ `–i K‡i †h gvbweK cwiPq D×…Z n‡q‡Q, Zv ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi Amv¤•Ö`vwqK I gvbweK fv‡ei cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq mvg¨ev‡`i `„wó‡Z Kwe c„w_exi me gvbyl‡K Awfbœ GK RvwZ g‡b K‡i‡Qb| GB fv‡ei m‡½ DÏxc‡Ki ¯@eK-1Gi fve mv`„k¨c–Y©|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  36

k Ò†cÖ¶vcU wfbœ n‡jI ¯@eK-2Gi ÔgnvRbÕ I ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi †gvjÐv-cy‡ivwn‡Zi ¯^iƒc GKB|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
AvjÐvn&Zvqvjvi me©‡kÖô m„wó gvbyl| GB gvbyl‡K AeÁv K‡i mªóv‡K Lywk Kiv hvq bv| ¯^v_©ci fÊ ag©e¨emvqxiv G mZ¨ ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z
Pvq bv| ZvB Zviv Avͯ^v‡_© ag© I ag©xq Dcvmbvjq‡K e¨envi K‡i _v‡K| Zviv †`k I RvwZi kΓ| Zv‡`i KvQ †_‡K mevB‡K mveavb
_vKv DwPZ|
DÏxc‡Ki ¯@eK-2G †`Lv hvq gnvR‡biv wewfbœ ARynv‡Z Mwie eM©vPvlx‡`i K‡ói dmj AwaKvskB †K‡o †bq| GUv m¤•–Y© Ab¨vq
KvR| mv`v KvM‡R wUcmB wb‡q wg‡_¨ †`bvi `v‡q Zv‡`i me©nviv K‡i Qv‡o| nvofvOv LvUwb †L‡UI Dmgv‡bi g‡Zv eM©vPvlxiv `yÕ†ejv
†cUcy‡i †L‡Z cvq bv| Ggb AwePvi Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq ag©e¨emvqx‡`i| a‡g©i ARynvZ w`‡q Zviv Dcvmbvj‡qi `iRv
†_‡K wbibœ wfLvwi‡K wdwi‡q †`q| A_©vr ag©we‡ivax I ¯^v_©‡jvfx gvbwmKZvi w`K †_‡K ÔgnvRbÕ I ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi †gvjÐv-cy‡ivwn‡Zi
¯^iƒc GKB|
DÏxc‡K †kvlK I AZ¨vPvix gnvR‡bi AZ¨vPvi I †kvl‡Yi bgybv Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq †h †gvjÐv cy‡ivwn‡Zi ¯^iƒc
D‡š§vwPZ n‡q‡Q Zv AvPiYMZ w`K †_‡K Avjv`v Kiv KwVb| mevB wbR ¯^v‡_© †kvlK| ZvB ejv hvq †cÖ¶vcU wfbœ n‡jI ¯@eK-2Gi
ÔgnvRbÕ I ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi †gvjÐv-cy‡ivwn‡Zi ¯^iƒc GKB|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Ò†cÖ¶vcU wfbœ n‡jI ¯@eK-2Gi ÔgnvRbÕ I ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi †gvjÐv-cy‡ivwn‡Zi ¯^iƒc GKB|
cÖkœ  08 Ask-1 : ÔcÐve‡bi †P‡q gvwifq †P‡q kZMyY fqven,
biNvZx‡`i †jwj‡q w`‡q‡Q Bqvwnqv Anin|
cÖwZw`b Giv binZ¨vi †h-Kvwnwb Gu‡K hvq,
ˆZgyi js bvw`i hv †`‡L wknwiZ j¾vq|Õ
Ask-2 : ÔGKwU †Q‡j cvMj †Q‡j cvovq cvovq NyiZ,
†PvL `ywU Zvi †PvL †hb bq Qwe‡Z weg–Z©|
mevB Zv‡K evm‡Zv fv‡jv mevi wQj wgÎ,
gyL Ry‡o Zvi AuvKv wQj ¯^‡cœi gvbwPÎ|
†mB †Q‡jwU †f‡ewQj, w`b †hfv‡eB hvK bv,
GKw`b wVK †c‡q hv‡e cvwLi g‡Zv cvLbv|Õ
K. gay Kxfv‡e gviv hvq? 1
L. ÔGevi e‡ov hy× Ki‡Z n‡eÕÑK_vwUi cÖvmw½KZv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. Ask-1-G ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Ask-2-G †hb eyav Pwi‡Îi mv_©K i–cvqY N‡U‡Q| gš@e¨wUi †hŠw³KZv wePvi K‡iv| 4
8bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h wgwjUvwii eªvkdvqv‡i wbnZ nq gay|
i G‡Zv w`b eyav evwo-Ni cywo‡q w`‡q hy× K‡i‡Q| GLb wgwjUvwi K¨v¤• Dwo‡q w`‡q e‡ov hy× Ki‡Z n‡e e‡j kvnveywÏb g‡b
K‡i| eyav AvÍxq-¯^Rbnxb n‡jI evRv‡i AvMyb jvMv‡bv I wbwe©Pv‡i Mywj K‡i AmsL¨ gvbyl‡K nZ¨vi ci cÖwZ‡kv‡ai †bkvq `yiš@ n‡q
I‡V| †m A‡bK ivRvKvi‡`i evwo‡Z AvMyb †`q| Zvi Gme ¶z`ª ¶z`ª cÖ‡Póv‡K gyw³evwnbxi KgvÊvi kvnveywÏb hy× wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ
†`q| kvnveywχbi g‡Z, G Muv‡q GKvB eyav hy× Ki‡Q| GLb Av‡iv e‡ov hy× Ki‡Z n‡e eyav‡K| †mUv n‡jv wgwjUvwi K¨v¤• †iwK
Kiv| KqUv †mcvB cvnviv †`q, KqRb Zuveyi †fZi _v‡K, †gwkbMvbUv †Kv_vq wdU Kiv BZ¨vw` me Lei AvbvUvB eyavi Rb¨ e‡ov hy×|
Dˇii g–jK_v : G‡Zvw`b Nievwo‡Z AvMyb w`‡q hy× Ki‡jI GLb wgwjUvwi K¨v¤•Uv †iwK Kiv eyavi Rb¨ e‡ov hy×|
j DÏxc‡Ki Ask-1G ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m ewY©Z fqven AvµgY I R¡vjvI †cvovI Gi g‡Zv wbg©gZvi w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m cvK nvbv`vi evwnbxi wbg©g AZ¨vPv‡ii Kvwnwb ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| G‡`‡ki gvbyl‡K wPiw`b civaxbZvi wkK‡j e›`x
K‡i ivLvi Rb¨ Zviv bvbv ai‡bi AZ¨vPvi Pvjvq| Zviv †P‡qwQj Zv‡`i AZ¨vPv‡ii f‡q evOvwj RvwZ †hb ¯^vaxbZvi c_ †_‡K m‡i
`uvovq| cvK nvbv`vi evwnbx MÖvg I kn‡i AvMyb jvwM‡q †`q| wbixn gvby‡li Ici Zviv wbwe©Pv‡i Mywj Pvjv‡Z _v‡K| Zv‡`i AZ¨vPv‡ii
cÖwZev‡` eyavi g‡Zv GKRb wK‡kvi Pig cÖwZev`x n‡q I‡V|
DÏxc‡Ki Ask-1G cvwK¯@vwb‡`i AZ¨vPv‡ii wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q| Zviv G‡`‡ki gvbyl‡K cvwLi g‡Zv Mywj K‡i gvi‡Z _v‡K| Zv‡`i
AvPi‡Y wnsmª Rš‘-Rv‡bvqvi †hb nvi †g‡b hvq| meyR-k¨vgj evsjv‡K Zviv k¥kv‡b cwiYZ Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj| Zv‡`i wbg©g AZ¨vPv‡ii
Kvwnwb ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mI ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| cvK nvbv`vi evwnbxi b„ksm nZ¨vhÁ I ee©iZvi w`KwU DÏxc‡Ki Ask-1G ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ
Dcb¨v‡mi g‡Zv GKBfv‡e cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Ask-1G ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi cvK nvbv`vi evwnbxi b„ksm nZ¨vhÁ I ee©iZvi w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  37

k DÏxc‡Ki Ask-2G †hb eyav Pwi‡Îi mv_©K iƒcvqb N‡U‡Q|ÕÑ gš@e¨wU †hŠw³K|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi GKwU cÖwZev`x PwiÎ n‡jv wK‡kvi eyav| eyav GKRb wK‡kvi gyw³‡hv×v| †m AZ¨š@ mvnmx, Zvi g‡b g„Zz¨i
†Kv‡bv fq †bB| g„Zz¨fqnxb eyav A‡bK Amva¨ mvab K‡i gyw³‡hv×v‡`i Kvh©µg mdj K‡i‡Q| wgwjUvwi K¨v‡¤• †iwK Kiv, evsKv‡i
gvBb cyyu‡Z ivLvi g‡Zv A‡bK `ytmvnmx Awfhv‡b †m Ask wb‡q‡Q| Zvi g‡a¨ cÖwZ‡kv‡ai ¯•„nv †R‡M I‡VwQj| cvK nvbv`vi evwnbxi
nZ¨vh‡Ái `„k¨ †`‡L Zvi ey‡K cÖwZ‡kv‡ai †bkv †R‡M I‡V| iv‡M-†¶v‡f Zvi †PvL `y‡Uv jvj n‡q hvq|
DÏxc‡Ki Ask-2G GKwU †Q‡ji weeiY †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| †Q‡jwU cvovq cvovq Ny‡i †eovZ| Zvi †PvL `ywU †Kv‡bv mvaviY †PvL wQj bv|
†Q‡jwU‡K mevB fv‡jvevmZ| mevi mv‡_B Zvi wgÎZv wQj| Zvi gyL Ry‡o †hb ¯^‡cœi gvbwPÎ AuvKv wQj| Zvi g‡b ¯^vaxbZvi evmbv
wQj| †m †P‡qwQj cvwLi g‡Zv ¯^vaxbfv‡e bxj AvKv‡k Wvbv †g‡j Do‡Z| fveyK †Q‡jwUi fvebvMy‡jv cÖwZwbqZ Zvi g‡b †`vjv w`Z|
iwOb ¯^‡cœ †m we‡fvi n‡q _vKZ|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Avi DÏxc‡Ki Ask-2Gi †Q‡jwU †hb G‡K Ac‡ii cwic–iK| eyavI Ask-2Gi †Q‡jwUi g‡Zv cvovq cvovq
NyiZ| eyavi †PvL `ywU †Q‡jwUi †Pv‡Li g‡Zv weg–Z© wQj| eyavi †Kv‡bv kΓ wQj bv| mevB Zvi AvcbRb wQj| †m †`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi ¯^cœ
†`LZ| myZivs Ask-2G †hb eyav Pwi‡Îi mv_©K iƒcvqY N‡U‡QÑgš@e¨wU †hŠw³K|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Ask-2 ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi g–j PwiÎ eyavi mv_©K iƒcvqY N‡U‡Q gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
cÖkœ  09 †gNjv b`x‡Z Uªjvi Wz‡e gviv hvq Avwm‡di gv-evev| NUbvµ‡g evwo‡Z _vKvq †eu‡P hvq Avwmd I Zvi †Qv‡Uv fvB Avwei|
Amnvq Avwmd †Qv‡Uv fvB‡qi gy‡Li w`‡K ZvwK‡q †gvUi M¨v‡i‡R KvR †bq| NUbv ky‡b M¨v‡i‡Ri gvwj‡Ki ¯¿x Zv‡`i‡K evwo‡Z †W‡K
†bq| Zv‡`i Avi M¨v‡i‡R KvR Ki‡Z nqwb| gvwjK I Zuvi ¯¿xi †ønv`‡i Zviv `yR‡bB GLb †jLvcov wkL‡Q|
K. eyav †Kv_vq e‡m mvZB gv‡P©i fvlY ky‡bwQj? 1
L. ÔGevi g„Zz¨i DrcvZ kyi“ K‡i‡Q wfbœ iK‡gi gvbylÕÑeywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Uªjvi Wzwe NUbvwU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h NUbvi mv‡_ m½wZc–Y© Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi PvwP hw` DÏxc‡Ki M¨v‡i‡Ri gvwjK I Zvi ¯¿xi g‡Zv n‡Zv Zvn‡j eyav‡K GZUv Amnvq
Rxebhvcb Ki‡Z n‡Zv bvÓÑgš@e¨wU g–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
9bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h eyav Kvby `qv‡ji evwo‡Z e‡m mvZB gv‡P©i fvlY ky‡bwQj|
i MÖv‡gi wbixn wbi¯¿ gvby‡li Ici cvwK¯@vwb wgwjUvwi‡`i ee©iZv‡K cÖZ¨¶ K‡i eyav cÖ‡kœv³ K_vwU e‡j‡Q|
ZrKvjxb MÖvgMy‡jv‡Z mvgvb¨ †ivMe¨vwa gnvgvwi iƒc aviY KiZ| GgbB GK gnvgvwi m„wó K‡iwQj K‡jiv, †h gnvgvwi‡Z eyavi
cwievimn Zvi MÖv‡gi cÖvq A‡a©K gvby‡li g„Zz¨ nq| GB gnvgvwii gvÎ `yB eQi ci cvwK¯@vwb wgwjUvwi evsjvi ey‡K MYnZ¨vi ga¨ w`‡q
m„wó K‡i bZzb GK gnvgvwi| cvKevwnbxi GB MYnZ¨v †`‡L eyav g‡b g‡b e‡j, ÔGevi g„Zz¨i DrcvZ ïi“ K‡i‡Q wfbœ iK‡gi gvbyl|Õ
Dˇii g–jK_v : cvwK¯@vwb wgwjUvwi‡`i Pvjv‡bv MYnZ¨v †`‡L eyav Dchy³
© Dw³wU K‡i‡Q|
j DÏxc‡Ki Uªjvi Wzwe NUbvwU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi K‡jiv gnvgvwii NUbvi mv‡_ m½wZc–Y©|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m ewY©Z eyav wcZ…gvZ…nxb GK Abv_ wK‡kvi| K‡jivq †m Zvi evev-gv, fvB-†evb mevB‡K nvivq| Kó I AwaK
†kvK Zv‡K KwVb I mvnmx K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| Avevi hLb MÖv‡g wgwjUvwi nvbv †`q Zv †`‡LI Zvi †PvL †µv‡a, N„Yvq jvj n‡q hvq| cÖwZ‡kva
¯•„nv RvMÖZ nq Zvi| eyavi GKgvÎ cÖZ¨vkv ¯^vaxbZv, hvi Rb¨ †m Rxe‡bi SuywK wb‡ZI wcQcv nqwb|
DÏxc‡K †gNbv b`x‡Z Uªjvi Wz‡e Avwm‡di gv-evev gviv hvq| †m GKvKx n‡q c‡o eyavi g‡ZvB| GLb †m e‡ov Amnvq, AwZ K‡ó
Kv‡U Zvi Rxeb| Rxeb P‡j Rxe‡bi wbq‡g| G Rxe‡b `ytL-Kó †hgb Av‡Q, †Zgwb Av‡Q myLI| Kv‡iv myL Abyfe Kiv hvq, Kv‡iviUv
hvq bv| eyavi Rxeb †hgb AwffveKnxb wbtm½, Avwm‡di RxebI wbm½, GKvKx| G‡`i GKRb †hgb B”Qv Ny‡i †eovq, Ab¨Rb
†Qv‡Uv fvB‡qi `vwqZ¡ wb‡Z M¨v‡i‡R KvR †bq| eyavi †bB †Kv‡bv `vwqZ¡‡eva, Ab¨w`‡K Avwmd `vwq‡Z¡i Rb¨ wb‡R hv B”Qv ZvB Ki‡Z
cv‡i bv| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki Uªjvi Wzwei NUbv ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi K‡jiv gnvgvwii NUbvi mv‡_ m½wZc–Y©|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Uªjvi Wzwei NUbv ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi K‡jiv gnvgvwii NUbvi mv‡_ m½wZc–Y©|
k ÒÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi PvwP hw` DÏxc‡Ki M¨v‡i‡Ri gvwjK I Zvi ¯¿xi g‡Zv n‡Zv Zvn‡j eyavi GZUv Amnvq Rxebhvcb
Ki‡Z n‡Zv bv|ÓÑgš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi GK ˆewPΨgq PwiÎ eyav| †m MÖv‡gi mnR-mij I mvaviY †Q‡j| MÖv‡gi mK‡ji mv‡_ Zvi i‡q‡Q mL¨Zv|
†Kv‡bv GK iv‡Z K‡jivq Avµvš@ n‡q eyav Zvi cwiev‡ii mevB‡K nvivq| cieZ©x‡Z PvwPi Kv‡Q Zvi AvkÖq n‡jI †mUv †ewk w`b
†U‡Kwb| ¯^Rb nviv‡bvi †e`bv eyav‡K k³ K‡i †`q|
DÏxc‡Ki Avwm‡di wQj my‡Li msmvi| wKš‘ †gNbvi ey‡K Uªjvi Wzwe‡Z evev-gv‡K nvwi‡q Amnvq n‡q c‡o †m| `yt‡Li mvM‡i fvm‡Z
_vKv Avwmd wb‡Ri †Qv‡Uv fvBwU‡K wb‡q †gvUi M¨v‡i‡R KvR †bq| NUbv ky‡b M¨v‡i‡Ri gvwj‡Ki ¯¿x Zv‡`i‡K evwo‡Z †W‡K †bq|
Zv‡`i Avi M¨v‡i‡R KvR Ki‡Z nqwb| gvwjK I Zvi ¯¿xi †ønv`‡i Zviv `yR‡bB GLb †jLvcov wkL‡Q| hv eyavi †¶‡ÎI NU‡Z
cvi‡Zv hw` eyavi PvwP M¨v‡i‡Ri gvwj‡Ki ¯¿xi g‡Zv n‡Zv|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  38

eyav ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †K›`ªxq PwiÎ| AvcbRbnviv, mnvq-m¤^jnxb eyav Muv‡qi mnR-mij wK‡kvi| gv-evev, fvB-†evb bv _vK‡jI
MÖv‡gi mevB Zvi AvcbRb| Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y PvwP Zv‡K Lvevi w`‡Z bv PvB‡jI Zvi Lvev‡ii Afve nq bv| wKš‘ †m †Kv‡bv mnvqZv
cvqbv, †hgbwU †c‡q‡Q Avwmd| eyav hw` Avwm‡di g‡Zv eyavi PvwPi KvQ †_‡K mnvqZv †c‡Zv Zvn‡j nq‡Zv Zv‡K GZUv Amnvq
Rxebhvcb Ki‡Z n‡Zv bv|
Dˇii g–jK_v : eyavi PvwP hw` DÏxc‡Ki M¨v‡i‡Ri gvwjK I Zvi ¯¿xi g‡Zv n‡Zv Zvn‡j eyavi GZUv Amnvq Rxebhvcb Ki‡Z n‡Zv bv|
cÖkœ  10 GjvKvi gvby‡li Av¯’vi cÖZxK kni Avwj KweivR| †ivM-†kvK, `ytL-`y`©kvq mevB †Qv‡U Zvi wkKo-evKo, ZvweR-KeP I cvwb
covi Rb¨| wZwbI KvD‡K wdivb bv| nvw`qv wn‡m‡e mevB hv †`q Zv‡Z ¯^”Qjfv‡e P‡j Zvi cwievi| wKš‘ GKvR cQ›` K‡i bv Zvi
wek¦we`¨vjq co~qv †Q‡j †gveviK| †m g‡b K‡i GMy‡jvi †Kv‡bv ˆeÁvwbK wfwË †bB| Zvn‡j mviv c„w_exi wPwKrmv weÁvb GMy‡jv‡K
¯^xK…wZ w`Z| ZvB †m evev‡K Gme KvR †Q‡o w`‡Z e‡j|
K. Zv‡nivi g‡Z, wci mv‡ne †Kvb ai‡bi †jvK? 1
L. ÔAvm‡j †eov‡ji fveÕÑeywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki kni Avwj KweivR ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †h Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔ†cÖ¶vcU wfbœ n‡jI DÏxc‡Ki †gveviK I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg mg‡PZbvq wek¦vmxÕÕÑgš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv wePvi K‡iv| 4
10bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h Zv‡nivi g‡Z, wci mv‡ne eyw×gvb †jvK|
i †eov‡ji fve ej‡Z, wci mv‡n‡ei AvcvZkvš@ I †KŠkwj fveg–wZ©‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K ewncxi wb‡R e„× n‡qI we‡q K‡ib Zi“Yx Zv‡niv‡K| Zv‡niv G we‡q †g‡b bv wb‡q cvwj‡q AvkÖq †bq †Lv‡`Rv I
nv‡kg‡`i eRivq| Gw`‡K ewncxiI Zv‡niv‡K LuyR‡Z G‡m `yN©UbvKewjZ n‡q H eRivqB AvkÖq †bq| Zvici ewncxi †Lv‡`Rvi KvQ
†_‡K Rvb‡Z cv‡i Zvi ¯¿x Zv‡niv G eRiv‡ZB Av‡Q| LeiwU ky‡b cxi mv‡ne †kvKi Av`vq K‡i mshZ n‡q iB‡jb| A_P nv‡kg
†f‡ewQj LeiwU ky‡b wci mv‡ne wKQy GKUv K‡i em‡eb| wKš‘ wci mv‡ne mveavbx †jvK| LeiwU ky‡b wZwb †Zgb D‡ËwRZ nbwb|
wZwb Ggb fve †`Lv‡jb, †hb †Kv_vI †Kv‡bv Ø›Ø †bB, meB wVK Av‡Q| G fvewU‡K nv‡kg wci mv‡n‡ei †eov‡ji fve e‡j‡Qb|
Dˇii g–jK_v : †eov‡ji fve ej‡Z, wci mv‡n‡ei AvcvZkvš@ I †KŠkwj fveg–wZ©‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
j DÏxc‡Ki kni Avwj KweivR ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki ewncxi Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|
mgv‡Ri A‡bK gvbylB ag©fxi“| G‡`i g‡a¨ ag©xq Kzms¯‹viv”Qbœ gvbyl bvbv mgm¨v †gvKvwejv I mIqv‡ei Avkvq wc‡ii gywi` nq| Ggb
A‡b‡K Av‡Q hviv wb‡R‡`i me©¯^ w`‡q n‡jI wc‡ii †mev K‡i| A_P Zviv Rv‡b bv †h, Zv‡`i mijZvi my‡hvM wb‡q fÊ wc‡iiv
wb‡R‡`i Av‡Li MywQ‡q †bq|
DÏxc‡K ag©fxi“Zv I Kzms¯‹v‡ii welqwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q| GLv‡b kni Avwj KweivR‡K GjvKvi gvby‡li Av¯’vi cÖwZK wn‡m‡e †`Lv‡bv
n‡q‡Q| †ivM-†kvK, `ytL-`yk©kvq mevB †Qv‡Uv Zvi wkKo-evKo, ZvweR-KeP I cvwb covi Rb¨| GLv‡b Avgiv †h wPÎ †`L‡Z cvB
Zv‡Z mgv‡Ri GK †kÖwYi gvby‡li wc‡ii cÖwZ AÜwek¦v‡mi wPÎ dz‡U I‡V‡Q| GLv‡b gvbyl wci‡K mªóvi Avm‡b ewm‡q Zviv †mev K‡i
I bvbv Kg©Kv‡Ê wc‡ii A‡jŠwKK ¶gZvi Ici wbf©i K‡i| Aciw`‡K, ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡KI ZrKvjxb mgv‡Ri ag©xq Kzms¯‹v‡i Av”Qbœ
gvbyl‡K wc‡ii Rb¨ me©¯^ Z¨vM¯^xKv‡ii K_v D‡V G‡m‡Q| GgbwK Zv‡nivi evev-gv GKRb ey‡ov wc‡ii Kv‡Q Zv‡`i †g‡q‡K we‡q
w`‡ZI wcQcv nq bv| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki kni Avwj KweivR ewncx‡ii cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki kni Avwj KweivR ewncx‡ii cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|
k Ò†cÖ¶vcU wfbœ n‡jI DÏxc‡Ki †gveviK I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg mg‡PZbvq wek¦vmx|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
DÏxc‡Ki †gveviK AvaywbK wk¶vq wkw¶Z, gvbweK My‡Y MyYvwš^Z GKwU PwiÎ| ZvB Zvi g‡a¨ ev¯@eZvi wbwi‡L Kzms¯‹vigy³
wPš@v-†PZbvi j¶Y cÖKvwkZ| Aciw`‡K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kgI mg‡PZbvq wek¦vmx| †mI †Kv‡bviƒc Kzms¯‹vi mg_©b K‡i bv| Zvi
g‡a¨I Avgiv AvaywbK I ev¯@eev`x †PZbv j¶¨ Kwi|
DÏxc‡Ki †gveviK wek¦we`¨vj‡q co~qv †Q‡j| †m Zvi evevi Kg©KvÛ mg_©b K‡i bv| †m Zvi evevi wkKo-evKo, ZvweR-KeP I
cvwb cov‡K wek¦vm K‡i bv| Zvi g‡Z, GMy‡jvi †Kv‡bv ˆeÁvwbK wfwË †bB| Gm‡ei hw` MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv _vKZ Z‡e mviv c„w_exi
wPwKrmv weÁvb ¯^xK…wZ w`Z| ZvB †m Zvi evev‡K Gme †Q‡o w`‡Z e‡j| ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K nv‡kg ewncx‡ii mv‡_ Zv‡nivi we‡q‡K
mg_©b K‡i bv| G wb‡q †m Zvi gv‡qi mv‡_ wewfbœ hyw³Z‡K© mvwgj nq| †m Zvi gv‡K eySv‡Z †Póv K‡i Zv‡niv G we‡q‡Z ivwR
bq| ZvB G we‡q nqwb| Zvi gv wewfbœfv‡e eySv‡Z †Póv K‡i †h, G we‡q n‡q‡Q Ges Zv‡niv‡K wc‡ii mv‡_B P‡j †h‡Z n‡e|
nv‡kg cÖwZev` K‡i Ges `iKvi n‡j wb‡R Zv‡niv‡K we‡q K‡i wc‡ii MÖvm †_‡K gyw³ w`‡e| hv Zvi gv †Kv‡bvfv‡eB †g‡b wb‡Z
cv‡i bv| G‡¶‡Î †m Pig Aeva¨ n‡ZI cÖ¯‘Z| ZvB ejv hvq, Ò†cÖ¶vcU wfbœ n‡jI DÏxc‡Ki †gveviK I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg
mg‡PZbvq wek¦vmx|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki †gveviK I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg AvaywbK, ev¯@eev`x I Kzms¯‹vigy³|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  39

cÖkœ  11 ivwRqv `kg †kÖwYi †gavex wk¶v_©x| Wv³vi nevi ¯^cœ Zvi| cwievi †Zgb m”Qj wQj bv| nVvr Zvi evev cÖevmx gvS eqwm
wecZœxK GK †jv‡Ki mv‡_ Zvi we‡q wVK K‡i| ivwRqv Zvi evev‡K †evSv‡bvi †Póv K‡iI e¨_© nq| c‡i evÜex‡`i mv‡_ civgk© K‡i|
we‡qi w`b evÜexiv cywjk wb‡q Dcw¯’Z n‡q evj¨weev‡ni nvZ †_‡K Zv‡K i¶v K‡i| ivwRqv GLb Zvi ¯^cœ c–i‡Y D`¨gx|
K. evB‡ii N‡i †gvovi Ici ¯^cœvwe‡ói g‡Zv e‡mwQj †K? 1
L. ÔAvwg AevK nw”Q †Zvgvi AK…ZÁZv †`‡LÕÑG AK…ZÁZvi KviY e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki ivwRqvi evev †h w`K †_‡K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi evev-gv‡qi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔDÏxc‡Ki ivwRqv I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv gvbwmKZvi w`K †_‡K GK I Awfbœ|ÓÑgš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
11bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h evB‡ii N‡i †gvovi Ici ¯^cœvwe‡ói g‡Zv e‡mwQj nv‡Zg Avwj|
i †Suv‡Ki e‡k nv‡kg Zv‡niv‡K we‡qi cÖ¯@ve †`q Ges Zv‡niv G cÖm‡½ AgZ Kiv‡K †Lv‡`Rvi `„wó‡Z †mUv AK…ZÁZvi cwiPq
e‡j g‡b nq|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K ewncx‡ii mv‡_ Zv‡nivi we‡q nIqvq Zv‡niv evwo †_‡K cvwj‡q nv‡gk‡`i eRivq AvkÖq cvq| †mLv‡b i‡q‡Q nv‡kg,
Zvi gv Ges evev| Zv‡nivi G cvwj‡q Avmv‡K nv‡kg mg_©b Ki‡jI Zvi gv †Lv‡`Rv Zv †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡ib bv| wZwb wewfbœfv‡e
Zv‡niv‡K ewncx‡ii Kv‡Q wd‡i †h‡Z D`&ey× K‡ib| wKš‘ Gi cÖwZev` K‡i nv‡kg| †m ewncx‡ii mv‡_ Zv‡nivi we‡qUv‡K A¯^xKvi
K‡i Zv‡K G wec` †_‡K D×vi Ki‡Z Pvq| cÖ‡qvR‡b nv‡kg Zv‡niv‡K we‡q Ki‡ZI cÖ¯‘Z e‡j Zvi gv‡K Rvbvq| GK_v ky‡b
Zv‡niv Gi cÖwZev` K‡i| G Rb¨ †Lv‡`Rv Zv‡niv‡K AK…ZÁ wn‡m‡e AvL¨v †`q| wKš‘ Zv‡niv †Suv‡Ki e‡k nv‡k‡gi cÖ¯@ve mg_©b
K‡i bv| †m g‡b K‡i nv‡k‡gi †SuvK †K‡U †M‡j Zvi g‡b n‡Z cv‡i †m fzj K‡i‡Q| ZvB Zv‡niv AK…ÁZvi cwiPq †`q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : we‡qi g‡Zv G‡Zv e‡ov wm×vš@ †Suv‡Ki gv_vq †bIqv DwPZ bq e‡j g‡b K‡i Zv‡niv| ZvB †m AK…ZÁZvi cwiPq †`q|
j ivwRqvi evev †g‡qi B”Qvi wei“‡× we‡q †`qvi w`K †_‡K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi evev-gv‡qi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki GKwU Myi“Z¡c–Y© PwiÎ Zv‡niv| evev I mrgv ewncx‡ii mv‡_ Zv‡nivi Ag‡Z we‡q †`b| Rxebm‡PZb Zv‡niv ZvB
cvwj‡q wM‡q AvÍi¶vi c_ †e‡Q †bq|
DÏxc‡Ki ivwRqv `kg †kÖwYi †gavex wk¶v_©x| Wv³vi nIqvi ¯^cœ Zvi| Zvi cwievi †Zgb ¯^”Qj wQj bv| nVvr Zvi evev gvSeqmx
wecZœxK GK cÖevmx †jv‡Ki mv‡_ Zvi we‡q wVK K‡i| ivwRqv Zvi evev‡K †evSv‡bvi †Póv K‡iI e¨_© nq| c‡i evÜexiv we‡qi w`b
cywjk wb‡q Dcw¯’Z n‡q evj¨weev‡ni nvZ †_‡K Zv‡K i¶v K‡i| AZGe †`Lv hvq, bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv I DÏxc‡Ki ivwRqv `yR‡bB
Rxebm‡PZb| Zviv Rxeb I RMr m¤•‡K© Awfbœ `„wófw½ jvjb K‡i Ges †m Av‡jv‡K Zviv wfbœ c‡_i cw_K n‡q‡Q|
DÏxc‡K ewY©Z ivwRqvi evev †g‡qi B”Qvi wei“‡× we‡q w`‡Z †P‡q bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi evev-gv‡qi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K Zv‡nivi Ag‡Z eq¯‹ wc‡ii mv‡_ we‡q †`Iqvi w`KwU DÏxc‡Ki ivwRqvi evevi w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ K‡i|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki ivwRqv I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv gvbwmKZvi w`K †_‡K GK I Awfbœ|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ˆmq` IqvjxDjÐvn iwPZ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K Zv‡nivi evev-gv e„× ewncx‡ii mv‡_ Zv‡niv‡K we‡q †`q| wKš‘ G we‡q wQj AmgZvi Ges
Zv‡nivi †Kv‡bv gZvgZI GLv‡b MÖnY Kiv nqwb| ZvB e¨w³Z¡m¤•bœ I ¯^vaxb‡PZv Zv‡niv we‡q Ki‡Z Am¤§Z n‡q we‡qi ciB Avmi
†_‡K cvwj‡q hvq| GgbwK NUbvP‡µ ewncx‡ii gy‡LvgywL n‡jI Zvi Kv‡Q wb‡R‡K mgc©Y K‡i bv| Gi ga¨ w`‡q Zv‡niv Pwi‡Îi cÖej
e¨w³Z¡‡eva I ¯^vaxb‡PZv gvbwmKZvi cwiPq dz‡U I‡V|
DÏxc‡K `kg †kÖwYi †gavex wk¶v_©x ivwRqv| †m Wv³vi nIqvi ¯^cœ jvjb K‡i| wKš‘ Zvi evev nVvr gvSeqmx wecZœxK cÖevmxi mv‡_
Zvi we‡q w`‡Z Pvq| ivwRqv GLb we‡q Ki‡Z Pvq bv Avi †m G we‡q‡Z m¤§Z bq| GK_v evev‡K †m eySv‡bvi †Póv K‡i e¨_© nq| c‡i
evÜex‡`i mnvqZvq cywjk w`‡q evj¨weev‡ni nvZ †_‡K i¶v cvq| ivwRqv GLb Zvi ¯^cœ c–i‡Y D`¨gx|
ÔewncxiÕ bvUK I Av‡jvP¨ DÏxc‡Ki Kvwnwb ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB, Zv‡niv I ivwRqv Df‡qB ¯^vaxb mËvi AwaKvwibx|
KviY Zviv `yR‡bB A‡b¨i Pvwc‡q †`Iqv wm×vš@‡K †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡iwb| Zviv wb‡Ri g‡bi fvebv‡K cÖvavbi¨ w`‡q‡Q| ZvB we‡qi Avmi
†_‡K cvwj‡q Zv‡niv AvkÖq †c‡q‡Q nv‡Zg Avwji eRivq Avi ivwRqv wb‡Ri ¯^cœ c–i‡Y D`¨gx| cÖej ew³Z¡m¤•bœ bv n‡j Zv‡niv we‡qi
Avmi †_‡K †hgb cvjv‡Zv bv †Zgwb ivwRqvI evÜex‡`i mnvqZvq cywjk G‡b we‡q eÜ K‡i wb‡Ri ¯^cœ c–i‡Y D`¨gx n‡Zv bv| myZivs
cÖej e¨w³Z¡‡eva I ¯^vaxb‡PZv gvbwmKZvi w`K †_‡K Df‡q GK I Awfbœ|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki ivwRqv I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv gvbwmKZvi w`K †_‡K GK I Awfbœ|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  40

h‡kvi †evW©Ñ2024 †mU : L

evsjv cÖ_g cÎ (eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶v) welq †KvW : 1 0 1
[2024 mv‡ji wm‡jevm Abyhvqx]
mgq : 30 wgwbU c–Y©gvb : 30
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1. Kwe †KvbwU‡K wb‡q wPš@v K‡i KvZi bv nIqvi civgk© w`‡q‡Qb? 16. myfv Kvi cv‡qi Kv‡Q e‡m gy‡Li w`‡K †P‡q Kuv`‡Z jvMj?
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2. DÏxc‡Ki ÔR¡vjvÕwU †Zvgvi cwVZ ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi g‡a¨ we`¨gvb? 19. mywkw¶Z †jvK gvÎBÑ
E cvš’ F †gvjÐv G cy‡ivwnZ H Kvjvcvnvo E weØvb F Ávbx G cwÊZ H ¯^wkw¶Z
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wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? E jvB‡eªwii e`vb¨Zvq F ¯‹zj-K‡j‡Ri gva¨‡g
E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii G wk¶‡Ki Kj¨v‡Y H cvwievwiK wk¶vq
4. nv‡kg Avwj‡K hyw³ev`x, AvaywbK I gvbweK Abyf‚wZm¤•bœ gvbyl wn‡m‡e  DÏxcKwU c‡o 21 I 22 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
M‡o †Zv‡jÑ kΓ G‡jv `‡j `‡j
E wk¶v F evev-gv G Rwg`vwi H mgvR e¨e¯’v gvij gvbyl KZ|
5. Ôb`xi GK‚j fv‡O IK‚j M‡o GB‡Zv b`xi †Ljv cyoj kni cyoj e›`i,
mKvj †ejv Avwgi †i fvB, dwKi mܨv †ejvÕ| MÖvg †h kZ kZ|
DÏxc‡Ki cwiw¯’wZ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb Pwi‡Îi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c–Y©? 21. DÏxc‡K ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb w`KwU dz‡U D‡Vv‡Q?
E nv‡Zg Avwj F nv‡kg Avjx G ewncxi H Zv‡niv E gyw³‡hv×v‡`i cÖwZ‡iva F ivRvKvi‡`i mn‡hvwMZv
6. cwjÐmvwnZ¨ Abv`„Z n‡q aŸs‡mi c‡_ `uvwo‡q‡Q, Gi g–j KviYÑ G ¯^vaxbZvi AvMgbx evZ©v H cvK-evwnbxi b„ksmZv
E we‡`wk mvwn‡Z¨i cÖPjb F †dvK‡jvi †mvmvBwUi Afve 22. dz‡U IVv w`KwUi ewntcÖKvk N‡U‡QÑ
G †¯^” Qv‡mev I msi¶‡Yi Afve H mgq I i“wPi cwieZ©b i. evRv‡ii †`vKvbcvU cywo‡q †`Iqv ii. Avnv` gywÝi PvUzKvwiZv
7. wk¶vi Avmj KvR Kx? iii. gyw³‡hv×v‡`i nZ¨v
E ms¯‹…wZPP©v F Ávb cwi‡ekb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
G g–j¨‡eva m„wó H Áv‡bi wfZ Mov E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii
8. Ô`yi QvB! wKev k¼vq gvi civb DwV‡Q fwiÕÑ 23. nvRx kwiqZ DjÐvni Av‡›`vjb‡K Ôdiv‡qwR Av‡›`vjbÕ ejvi KviY Kx?
G Pi‡Y cy‡Îi Rb¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q gv‡qiÑ E weªwUk we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb
E fv‡jvevmv F †¶vf G AmnvqZ¡ H Avk¼v F ag©vkÖqx Kzms¯‹vi we‡ivax Av‡›`vjvb
9. ÔIi‡fvqvÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? G mvgvwRK Kzms¯‹vi we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb
E AvR we`vq F Avevi AvwmI H ivR‰bwZK ms¯‹vi we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb
G Avevi †`Lv n‡e H Avevi K_v n‡e 24. ggZvw` nq‡Zv †eZb Avkv K‡iwQjÑ
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 10 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : E 10 UvKv F 12 UvKv G 15 UvKv H 18 UvKv
gyw³‡hv×v KgvÛvi 26†k gvP© we`¨vj‡qi Abyôv‡b ej‡jb ÒAvgiv 25. PZz`©kc`x KweZvi Aó‡K Kx _v‡K?
gyw³hy‡×i mgq w`‡bi ci w`b e›`yK, Lv`¨ I cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨vw` wb‡q E fv‡ei MfxiZv F fv‡ei cÖvmw½KZv
e‡b-R½‡j KvwU‡qwQ|Ó G fv‡ei cÖeZ©bv H fv‡ei cwiYwZ
10. DÏxc‡Ki gKeyj mv‡ne Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvi 26. AwLjP›`ª m¤•‡`i †gv‡n bv †_‡K mvaviY RxebhvÎvi cÖwZ Abyi³|
†Kvb Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwa? DÏxc‡Ki AwLjP‡›`ªi g‡bvfv‡e ÔAvkvÕ KweZvi †Kvb fve aiv c‡o‡Q?
E †ZwR Zi“Y F †Rvqvb K…lK G `¶ gvwS H mvnmx †R‡j E wb‡g©vn F Z¨vM G gbyl¨Z¡‡eva H mvg¨ev`
11. †Kvb mf¨Zv ay‡jv n‡q Av‡Q? 27. nv‡Zg Avjxi †Kv_vq Rwg`vwi wQj?
E e¨vwejbxq F my‡gixq G K¨vjWxq H Gwkwiqv E †Wgivq F mybvgM‡Ä G PvUMuv‡q H †ikgcy‡i
12. wZb fvB-†evb †Kv_vq e‡m †iv` gv‡L? 28. ÔG‡`i Ávb `vI cÖfz, G‡`i ¶gv KiÕÑ G Dw³‡Z nRiZ gyn¤§` (mv.)-Gi
E D‡Vv‡bi Nv‡m F ˆeVKLvbvq †Kvb MyY cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q?
G gw›`‡ii PvZv‡j H N‡ii eviv›`vq E D`viZv F gnvbyfeZv G mnbkxjZv H weP¶YZv
13. Rvnvbviv Bgvg i“wgi Rb¨ cvwK¯@vwb evwnbxi wbKU Ôgvwm© wcwUkbÕ K‡ibwb †Kb?  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 29 I 30 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
E i“wgi AvÍgh©v`v i¶vi Kvi‡Y F †Q‡j‡K wd‡i bv cvIqvi nZvkvq mš@vbnxbv weaev AvqvZzb wewei †cv‡ovwfUv cvnviv w`‡Z w`‡ZB ey‡ov
G i“wgi Rxe‡bi SuywK n‡e e‡j H cvKevwnbxi wbôzi Zv ey S ‡Z †c‡i n‡q‡Q †cvlv KzKzi fzjy, †L‡q bv †L‡qB w`b Kv‡U Zv‡`i| fzjy‡K †KD
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 14 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Lvev‡ii †jvf †`wL‡qI wb‡q †h‡Z cv‡i bv|
Avwg gvwb bv †Kv‡bv evav 29. DÏxc‡Ki fzjyi mv‡_ ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi j¶¥x eD †h w`K w`‡q mv`„k¨c–Y©Ñ
Kwi bv KvD‡K fq, E c‡ivcKv‡i F cÖ‡qvRbxqZvq G AvÍZ¨v‡M H Ae`v‡b
Aweivg c_ Pjv‡ZB Avwg kvwš@ Lyu‡R cvB| 30. D³ mv`„‡k¨i D`vniY wb‡Pi †Kvb Dw³‡Z †g‡j?
14. DÏxcKwU †Zvgvi cwVZ †Kvb KweZvi fvee¯‘‡K aviY K‡i? i. wKš‘ gvwUi Mfx‡i Zvi wkKo
E Sibvi Mvb F Rxeb-m½xZ G gvbyl H ivbvi ii. B‡”Q Ki‡Z jvMj †jvKUvi m‡½ P‡j hvq
15. ÔgvidZÕ kãwUi A_© Kx? iii. evwoi wcQ‡bi AveR©bvi ¯@–‡c `uvwo‡q iB‡jv
E My‡Yi mvabv F cÖej mvabv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
G wbićbi mvabv H giwg mvabv Ei F i I ii G i I iii H i, ii I iii

 Lvwj NiMy‡jv‡Z †cbwmj w`‡q DËiMy‡jv †j‡Lv| Gici QR †Kv‡W cÖ`Ë DËigvjvi mv‡_ wgwj‡q †`‡Lv †Zvgvi DËiMy‡jv mwVK wK bv|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
DËi

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  41

h‡kvi †evW©Ñ2024
evsjv cÖ_g cÎ (m„Rbkxj cÖkœ) †mU : 01
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mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU c–Y©gvb : 70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c–Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcKMy‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i c‡ov Ges mswkÐó cÖkœMy‡jvi DËi `vI| K wefvM (M`¨) n‡Z
Kgc‡¶ `ywU, L wefvM (KweZv) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ `ywU, M wefvM (Dcb¨vm) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwU Ges N wefvM (bvUK) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwU K‡i †gvU
mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e| GKB cÖ‡kœi Dˇi mvay I PwjZ fvlvixwZi wgkÖY `–lYxq|]
K wefvM : M`¨
1| ˆkk‡e moK `yN©Ubvq `„wókw³ nvwi‡q †d‡j mvwebv| evev-gv Zv‡K `„wó cÖwZeÜx ¯‹z‡j fwZ© Kwi‡q †`b| cov‡kvbv K‡i †m AvR
`„wó cÖwZeÜx ¯‹z‡ji wk¶K| †m GLb mgv‡Ri †evSv bq, m¤•`|
K. myfv Kx‡mi g‡Zv kãnxb Ges m½xnxb? 1
L. wcZv-gvZvi g‡b myfv me©`vB RvMi“K wQj †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki mvwebvi mv‡_ myfvi ˆemv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v Kv‡iv| 3
N. ÒÔmyfvÕ M‡í myfvi evev-gv hw` DÏxc‡Ki mvwebvi evev-gv‡qi g‡Zv n‡Zv Zvn‡j myfv‡K MÖvg †Q‡o KjKvZvq †h‡Z n‡Zv
bv|Ó Ñ gš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv wePvi K‡iv| 4
2| †cŠimfv wbe©vP‡b Rqjvf K‡i †cŠi‡gqi Zuvi cÖ_g fvl‡Y e‡jb, ÔAvgvi eÜyMY, G Rq Avgvi bq, Avcbv‡`i| AvR †_‡K G
†cŠimfvi cÖwZwU gvby‡li myL-`yt‡Li fvMx`vi Avwg| GLb †_‡K mK‡j wg‡jwg‡k GjvKvi Kj¨vY I Dbœq‡b KvR Kie| AvcbvivB
Avgvi kw³|Õ
K. Z_vKw_Z †Qv‡Uv‡jvK m¤•Ö`v‡qi KvR Ki‡Z bv cvivi KviY Kx? 1
L. ÔZvnvi AvÍv †Zvgvi AvÍvi g‡ZvB fv¯^i, Avi gnv-AvÍvi Ask|Õ ÑGLv‡b †jLK Kx †evSv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔD‡cw¶Z kw³i D`&‡evabÕ cÖ‡eÜi ˆemv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡K ewY©Z †cŠi‡gq‡ii `„wófw½B ÔD‡cw¶Z kw³i D`&‡evabÕ cÖe‡Üi g–jmyiÕ| Ñ Dw³wUi †hŠw³KZv hvPvB K‡iv| 4
3| AZx‡Z cqjv ˆekvL MÖv‡gi mvaviY gvby‡li Kv‡Q we‡kl Zvrch©c–Y© wQj| Gw`b Zviv evwoNi cwi®‹vi ivLZ, e¨envh© wRwbmcÎ
†avqv‡gvQv K‡i mKv‡j †Mvmj †m‡i c–Z-cweÎ n‡Zv| G w`bwU‡Z fv‡jv LvIqv, fv‡jv _vKv I fv‡jv ci‡Z cviv‡K Zviv
fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ g½jRbK g‡b Ki‡Zv| ci¯•‡ii evwo‡Z hvIqv-Avmv, ky‡f”Qv wewbgq I bvbviKg Avb›`-Drm‡ei Av‡qvRb
KiZ|
K. beve wmivR‡ÏŠjv †klev‡ii g‡Zv jovB Kivi Rb¨ Kv‡`i WvK w`‡qwQ‡jb? 1
L. Ôgy‡Q hvK MÐvwb Ny‡P hvK Riv, AwMœøv‡b kywP †nvK aivÕÑ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ Ôcqjv ˆekvLÕ cÖe‡Üi evsjv beel© D`&hvc‡bi ˆemv`„k¨c–Y© w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡K Ôcqjv ˆekvLÕ cÖe‡Üi cÖwZdjb _vK‡jI Zv †jL‡Ki cÖZ¨vkv‡K aviY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
4| PzKbM‡ii MYnZ¨vi eY©bv w`‡Z wM‡q wk¶K mi`vi gynv¤§` b–i Avwj e‡jb, Ô†m GK bviKxq `„k¨| †fvjv hvq bv| Avgv‡`i
GjvKvq cÖvq Pvi gvBje¨vcx GB nZ¨vhÁ P‡j| wKQy jvk b`x‡Z fvwm‡q †`Iqv nq| `yM©Ü Gov‡Z wKQy jvk gvwU Pvcv †`Iqv nq|
GjvKvi †jvK `yB gvm ch©š@ b`xi gvQ Lvqwb| f‡q †jvKRb cuvP-Qq gvm ch©š@ evRv‡iI Av‡mwb|Õ
K. Ôgvwm© wcwUkbÕ A_© Kx? 1
L. Ôwg_¨v fvl‡Y fiv wee„wZÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡K ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi †Kvb w`KwU Dcw¯’Z? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔDÏxc‡Ki Zzjbvq ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi welqe¯‘ A‡bK e¨vcK|ÕÑDw³wU g–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
L wefvM : KweZv
5| `yB eÜyi K‡_vcK_bÑ
1g eÜy : Rvwbm eÜy, mgv‡Ri mv‡_ Zvj †gjv‡Z †M‡j kyay evsjv ej‡jB P‡j bv| Avwg‡Zv Bs‡iwR fv‡jv wkwLwb, ZvB wb‡Ri
g‡Zv K‡i evsjv Bs‡iwR wgwj‡q K_v ewj, Z‡e †Q‡jwU‡K fwZ© Kwi‡qwQ Bswjk wgwWqvg ¯‹z‡j|
2q eÜy : mgv‡Ri mv‡_ Zvj †gjv‡Z Avwg gvZ…fvlvq K_v ej‡Z j¾v cvB bv, Avwg Mwe©Z evsjv fvlvq K_v ewj e‡j| Avgvi
mš@v‡bi fvlvwk¶vi †¶‡Î evsjv fvlvi AMÖvwaKvi w`‡qwQ|
K. ÔAviwe-dviwmÕ kv‡¯¿i cÖwZ Kwei Kx †bB? 1
L. evsjv fvlv‡K hviv wnsmv K‡i Zv‡`i Rš§ m¤•‡K© Kwei mw›`nvb nIqvi KviY e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki 1g eÜyi e³‡e¨ Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`‡Ki Bw½Z i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki 2q eÜyi e³e¨ Ges Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi g–jfve GKm–‡Î Muv_vÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©Zv wePvi K‡iv| 4
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  42
6| c‡ii Kvi‡Y gi‡YI myL;
ÔmyLÕ ÔmyLÕ Kwi †Ku‡`v bv Avi,
hZB Kuvw`‡e, hZB fvwe‡e
ZZB evwo‡e ü`q fvi|
K. †ngP›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq †Kvb wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K øvZK wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib? 1
L. ÔRxevÍv AwbZ¨ bqÕÑ †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡K ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡K D‡jÐwLZ welqwU QvovI ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvq D‡V G‡m‡Q Rxeb‡K mg„× Kivi GKvwaK civgk©ÓÑ gš@e¨wUi
cÖvmw½KZv g–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
7| bqb moK `yN©Ubvq AvnZ n‡j XvKvi A¨v‡cv‡jv nvmcvZv‡j fwZ© Kiv‡bv nq| GKgvÎ †Q‡j bq‡bi Ggb Ae¯’vq gv w`‡knviv|
wZwb bvgvR c‡o †Q‡ji my¯’Zvi Rb¨ AvjÐvni Kv‡Q †gvbvRvZ K‡ib| †ivRv gvbZ K‡ib, Rv‡bi e`‡j Rvb wn‡m‡e †Mvi“ gvbZ
K‡ib| Amy¯’ bqb‡K †`L‡Z bvbviKg djg–j wb‡q AvÍxq-¯^Rb nvmcvZv‡j fxo Rgvq|
K. †duvUvq †duvUvq Kx Si‡Q? 1
L. Ôm¤§y‡L Zvi †Nvi KzÀwU gnvKvj ivZ cvZvÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi ˆemv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi LÊwPÎ gvÎ, c–Y©i–c bq|Ó Ñwe‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
M wefvM : Dcb¨vm
8| 26†k gvP© mKv‡j 18 cvÄve †iwR‡g›U cyivb XvKvq Zv‡`i Acv‡ikb kyi“ Kij| Gi AMÖeZ©x evwnbxwU hv‡KB cvjv‡Z †`Lj Zv‡KB
j¶¨ K‡i Mywj Qyuoj| K‡qKwU RvqMvq evOvwj‡`i mvwi †eu‡a `uvo Kwi‡q Mywj K‡i gviv n‡jv| AMÖeZ©x `‡ji †cQ‡bB wQj GKwU
†Qv‡Uv `j, Zv‡`i nv‡Z wQj †c‡Uªvj| Av‡kcv‡ki evwoN‡i AvMyb w`‡Z w`‡Z G‡Mv‡Z jvMj `‡ji ˆmb¨iv|
K. †Kvb Mv‡Qi wb‡P nwiKvKzi mv‡_ eyavi †`Lv nq? 1
L. eyav ivwb‡K ÔfxZzi wWgÕ e‡jwQj †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki NUbv ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb NUbvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi AvswkK wPÎ gvÎ|ÓÑgš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
9| 1971 mv‡ji 7B A‡±vei Mfxi iv‡Z gyw³‡hv×viv Uv½vBj †Rjvi †Mvcvjcyi Dc‡Rjvq cvwK¯@vwb †mbvevwnbxi Ae¯’v‡b AvµgY
Ki‡j, cvwK¯@vwb †mbviv NuvwU‡Z Aei“× n‡q c‡o| GB mgq GKw`b kwn`yj Bmjvg Kv‡Ri †Q‡ji QÙ‡e‡k cvwK¯@vwb
†mbvevwnwbi NuvwU‡Z hvb| Zv‡`i wewfbœ dvB-digvk †L‡U Av¯’v AR©b K‡ib| c‡i †MÖ‡bWmn NuvwU‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i †mLv‡b †MÖ‡bW
we‡ùviY NwU‡q wbivc‡` wd‡i Av‡mb|
K. eyav †Kv_vq cv Qwo‡q ky‡q c‡o? 1
L. ÔGgb Lywk Avgvi Rxe‡b Avi Av‡mwb|ÕÑeyavi Ggb Dw³i KviY Kx? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki kwn`yj Bmjv‡gi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Òmvwe©K we‡kÐl‡Y DÏxc‡Ki kwn`yj Bmjvg ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi mv_©K cÖwZi–c n‡q DV‡Z cv‡iwb|ÓÑgš@e¨wU
wePvi K‡iv| 4
N wefvM : bvUK
10| ivwdb msev`cÎ Ly‡j cÖ_‡gB ÔAvR‡Ki w`bUv †Kgb hv‡eÕ KjvgwU‡Z †PvL bv eywj‡q Ni †_‡K †ei nb bv| Ni †_‡K †e‡ivevi
mgq AmveavbZvekZ †nuvPU †L‡j ev nuvwP w`‡j, LvwbKUv mgq e‡m Zvici evwo †_‡K †ei nb|
K. ewncx‡ii g‡Z, wc‡ii Mv‡q Kx jv‡M bv? 1
L. ÔGevi Zvi mv‡ai ¯^cœ †f‡O hv‡eÕÑK_vwU eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxcKwU Kxfv‡e ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki mv‡_ m¤•wK©Z? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxcKwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki g–j‡PZbv‡K ¯•k© K‡i‡Q wK? †Zvgvi gZvgZ hyw³mn we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
11| `„k¨Kí-1 : wPiw`b KvnviI mgvb bvwn hvq|
AvwR‡K †h ivRvwaivR Kvj †m wf¶v Pvq \
`„k¨Kí-2 : ej wK †Zvgvi ¶wZ
Rxe‡bi A‰_ b`x
cvi nq †Zvgv‡K a‡i
`ye©j gvbyl hw`|
K. ewncx‡ii cÖ_g ¯¿x KZ eQi Av‡M G‡š@Kvj K‡ib? 1
L. nwKKzjÐvn cywjk WvK‡Z wM‡qI wd‡i G‡mwQj †Kb? 2
M. `„k¨Kí-1-Gi cwiw¯’wZ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb cwiw¯’wZi Bw½Zevnx? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Ò`„k¨Kí-2-Gi †PZbv ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg-Gi †PZbviB aviK|ÓÑgš@e¨wU hvPvB K‡iv| 4
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  43

DËigvjv
eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶v
1 N 2 K 3 K 4 K 5 K 6 N 7 M 8 N 9 M 10 K 11 N 12 M 13 K 14 K 15 N
DËi

16 L 17 M 18 L 19 N 20 K 21 N 22 L 23 L 24 L 25 M 26 K 27 N 28 L 29 M 30 M

m„Rbkxj
cÖkœ  01 ˆkk‡e moK `yN©Ubvq `„wókw³ nvwi‡q †d‡j mvwebv| evev-gv Zv‡K `„wó cÖwZeÜx ¯‹z‡j fwZ© Kwi‡q †`b| cov‡kvbv K‡i
†m AvR `„wó cÖwZeÜx ¯‹z‡ji wk¶K| †m GLb mgv‡Ri †evSv bq, m¤•`|
K. myfv Kx‡mi g‡Zv kãnxb Ges m½xnxb? 1
L. wcZv-gvZvi g‡b myfv me©`vB RvMi“K wQj †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki mvwebvi mv‡_ myfvi ˆemv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v Kv‡iv| 3
N. ÒÔmyfvÕ M‡í myfvi evev-gv hw` DÏxc‡Ki mvwebvi evev-gv‡qi g‡Zv n‡Zv Zvn‡j myfv‡K MÖvg †Q‡o KjKvZvq †h‡Z n‡Zv
bv|Ó Ñ gš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv wePvi K‡iv| 4
1bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h ÔmyfvÕ wbR©b wØcÖn‡ii g‡Zv kãnxb Ges m½xnxb|
i myfv evK&cÖwZeÜx nIqvq Zvi fwel¨‡Zi cwiYwZ wPš@vq wcZvgvZvi g‡b †m me©`v RvMiƒK wQj|
evK&cÖwZeÜx nIqvq myfv wb‡R‡K me mgq m„wóKZ©vi Awfkvc e‡j g‡b KiZ| myfvi fwel¨‡Zi K_v †f‡e Zvi evev-gv †hgb D`&weMœ
_vK‡Zb †Zgwb cÖwZ‡ekx‡`i gv‡SI Zv‡K wb‡q `ywðš@vi Aš@ wQj bv| gv myfv‡K M‡f©i Kj¼ g‡b Ki‡Zb| myfvi GB cÖwZew܇Z¡i
Kvi‡Y me©`vB †m Zvi wcZvgvZvi g‡b A¯^w¯@ wn‡m‡e RvMiƒK wQj|
Dˇii g–jK_v : myfv evK&cÖwZeÜx nIqvq Zvi fwel¨‡Zi cwiYwZ wPš@vq wcZvgvZvi g‡b †m me©`v RvMiƒK wQj|
j cÖwZeÜx mš@vb‡K h_vh_ mn‡hvwMZv I mg_©b cÖ`v‡bi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki mvwebvi mv‡_ ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi ˆemv`„k¨ j¶ Kiv
hvq|
ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfv K_v ej‡Z cv‡i bv| †m Rš§ †_‡KB evK&cÖwZeÜx| Zvi G K_v ejvi A¶gZv‡K gv wb‡Ri M‡f©i Kj¼ wn‡m‡eB
we‡ePbv K‡ib| ZvB wZwb †g‡qi cÖwZ mxgvnxb AeÁv I Ae‡njv cÖ`k©b K‡ib| gv‡qi Ggb wbôzi g‡bvfve I AvPiY myfvi gv‡S Zxeª
nxb¤§b¨Zvi m„wó K‡i| GRb¨ me©`v wb‡R‡K Avovj K‡i ivL‡Z mv”Q›`¨‡eva K‡i|
Ab¨w`‡K DÏxc‡Ki mvwebv `„wó cÖwZeÜx n‡jI evev gv Zvi cÖwZ LyeB Avš@wiK| Zviv Zv‡K `„wó cÖwZeÜx ¯‹z‡j fwZ© Kivq Ges
wbwe©‡Nœ Zviv cov‡jLv Pvwj‡q †bIqvi hveZxq e¨e¯’v K‡i| d‡j †m H ¯‹z‡ji GKRb wk¶K wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K cÖwZwôZ K‡i| ZvB †m
GLb mgv‡Ri †evSv nIqvi cwie‡Z© m¤•‡` cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| wecix‡Z myfvi cÖwZ Zvi gv‡qi GK”QÎ AeÁv Qvov Avi wKQyB wQj bv|
ZvB cÖwZeÜx Kb¨v‡K mn‡hvwMZvi cwie‡Z© Zv‡K AeÁv Kiv n‡q‡Q| myfv mK‡ji Ae‡njv †c‡q‡Q, mn‡hvwMZv I fv‡jvevmv cvqwb|
ZvB ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi m‡½ DÏxc‡Ki mvwebvi AbyK‚j cwi‡e‡ki w`KwU ˆemv`„k¨c–Y©|
Dˇii g–jK_v : cÖwZeÜx mš@vb‡K Dchy³ mn‡hvwMZv I mg_©b cÖ`v‡bi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki mvwebvi mv‡_ myfvi ˆemv`„k¨ j¶ Kiv hvq|
k ÔmyfvÕ M‡í myfvi evev-gv hw` DÏxc‡Ki mvwebvi evev-gv‡qi g‡Zv n‡Zv Zvn‡j myfv‡K MÖvg †Q‡o KjKvZvq †h‡Z n‡Zv bv|
cÖwZeÜx gvbyl‡`i cÖwZ mngwg©Zv Rvbv‡bvi Ab¨Zg D`vniY ÔmyfvÕ MíwU| G M‡í †K›`ªxq PwiÎ myfvi ga¨ w`‡q †jLK cÖwZeÜx‡`i
gg©‡e`bvi wPÎ Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| GLv‡b †`Lv hvq, evK&cÖwZeÜx myfv‡K wb‡q mK‡jB weeªZ| Zvi fwel¨‡Zi K_v †f‡e mK‡jB wPwš@Z|
wKš‘ Zvi mvg‡bi w`‡K GwM‡q Pjvi c_‡K gm„Y I myMg Ki‡Z †KD mn‡hvwMZvi nvZ evovqwb|
DÏxc‡Ki mvwebv ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi Zzjbvq A‡bK fvM¨eZx| ˆkk‡e moK `yN©Ubvq `„wókw³ nvwi‡qI evev-gv‡qi mn‡hvwMZv †c‡q‡Q|
Zvi gv Zv‡K AeÁv K‡iwb| Zv‡K cÖwZwôZ n‡Z me iK‡gi mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Q| ZvB †m AvR `„wó cÖwZeÜx ¯‹z‡ji wk¶K| Ggb
mn‡hvwMZv †c‡j myfv‡K nqZ MÖvg †Q‡o KjKvZvq †h‡Z n‡Zv bv|
cÖwZeÜxiv mgv‡Ri Ask| mgvR MV‡b Zv‡`i i‡q‡Q Myi“Z¡c–Y© f‚wgKv ivLvi ¶gZv| Zv‡`i gv‡S †h cÖwZfv jywK‡q Av‡Q Zv D`&NvUb
Ki‡jB Zviv mgv‡Ri g–javivq wb‡R‡`i cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e| DÏxc‡Ki mvwebvi gv-evev wVK GB KvRwUB K‡i‡Qb| Gi d‡j
`„wócÖwZeÜx n‡qI mvwebvi Rxeb mvd‡j¨i Av‡jvq Av‡jvwKZ| Ab¨w`‡K, ¯^Rb‡`i Ae‡njv myfvi Rxeb‡K nZvkvi w`‡K †V‡j
w`‡q‡Q| Zvi KwP g‡bi ¯^cœMy‡jv Wvbv †gjvi Av‡M A¼z‡iB me S‡i c‡o‡Q| hw` mvwebvi g‡Zv myfv‡K Zvi gv-evev mwVK Dcv‡q
mg_©b cÖ`vb K‡i †hZ, Zvn‡j nq‡Zv Zv‡K KjKvZvq †h‡Z n‡Zv bv| †mI gh©v`vm¤•bœ Rxe‡bi AwaKvix n‡Z cviZ|
Dˇii g–jK_v : cÖwZeÜxivI mgvRMV‡b Myi“Z¡c–Y© f‚wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| Zv‡`i cÖwZ mngwg©Zv I mn‡hvwMZvi Dchy³ cwi‡ek ˆZwi K‡i w`‡Z
cvi‡jB Zviv gh©v`vm¤•bœ Rxe‡bi AwaKvix n‡Z cvi‡e|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  44

cÖkœ  02 †cŠimfv wbe©vP‡b Rqjvf K‡i †cŠi‡gqi Zuvi cÖ_g fvl‡Y e‡jb, ÔAvgvi eÜyMY, G Rq Avgvi bq, Avcbv‡`i| AvR †_‡K
G †cŠimfvi cÖwZwU gvby‡li myL-`yt‡Li fvMx`vi Avwg| GLb †_‡K mK‡j wg‡jwg‡k GjvKvi Kj¨vY I Dbœq‡b KvR Kie| AvcbvivB
Avgvi kw³|Õ
K. Z_vKw_Z †Qv‡Uv‡jvK m¤•Ö`v‡qi KvR Ki‡Z bv cvivi KviY Kx? 1
L. ÔZvnvi AvÍv †Zvgvi AvÍvi g‡ZvB fv¯^i, Avi gnv-AvÍvi Ask|Õ ÑGLv‡b †jLK Kx †evSv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔD‡cw¶Z kw³i D`&‡evabÕ cÖ‡eÜi ˆemv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡K ewY©Z †cŠi‡gq‡ii `„wófw½B ÔD‡cw¶Z kw³i D`&‡evabÕ cÖe‡Üi g–jmyiÕ| Ñ Dw³wUi †hŠw³KZv hvPvB K‡iv| 4
2bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h Z_vKw_Z †Qv‡Uv‡jvK m¤•Ö`v‡qi KvR Ki‡Z bv cvivi KviY f`ª m¤•Ö`v‡qi AZ¨vPvi|
i Zvnvi AvÍv ej‡Z †jLK †Qv‡Uv‡jvK‡`i AvÍv‡K eywS‡q‡Qb| Avi GKUz Mfxifv‡e fve‡j †m AvÍv †Zvgvi AvÍvi g‡ZvB fv¯^i
Ges gnv-AvÍvi Ask|
c„w_ex‡Z me gvbylB mgvb| ag©-eY©-†MvÎ ev RvwZZ‡Ë¡i wfwˇZ gvbyl wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ Ah_vB ˆelg¨ m„wó K‡i _v‡K| hv‡`i‡K
†Qv‡Uv‡jvK wn‡m‡e AvL¨v †`Iqv n‡q _v‡K, ZvivI gvbyl| Zv‡`i KvZv‡i wb‡R‡K we‡ePbv Ki‡j †`Lv hv‡e Zv‡`i AvÍv wb‡R‡`i
AvÍvi g‡ZvB fv¯^i| Zviv GKB mªóvi m„wó| Ah_vB Zv‡`i‡K †Qv‡Uv Ávb K‡i `wg‡q ivLvi †Póv Kiv nq| Zv bv K‡i gvbyl wn‡m‡e
Zv‡`i g–j¨vqb Ki‡j mgv‡R †Kv‡bv ˆemg¨ _vK‡e bv| †Qv‡Uv e‡ovi we‡f` Ny‡P wM‡q GKwU mvg¨ cÖwZwôZ n‡e| myLx I mg„× mgvR
MV‡b Gi weKí †bB| ZvB †jLK KvD‡K †Qv‡Uv Ávb Kivi Av‡M wb‡R‡K H KvZv‡i we‡ePbv Kivi K_v e‡j‡Qb| Zvn‡j †`Lv hv‡e,
Avi †Kv‡bv †f`v‡f` ev cv_©K¨ _vK‡e bv| g‡b n‡e, mK‡j GKB gnv-AvÍvi Ask|
Dˇii g–jK_v : `wi`ª I wbæe‡Y©i gvbyl‡K AeÁvi †Pv‡L †`Lvi Av‡M wb‡R‡K Zv‡`i g‡Zv fve‡j †evSv hv‡e ZvivI gvbyl Ges gnv-AvÍvi Ask|
j mvg¨ev`x gvbwmKZvi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔD‡cw¶Z kw³i D`&‡evabÕ cÖe‡Üi ˆemv`„k¨ j¶¨Yxq|
ÔD‡cw¶Z kw³i D‡ØvabÕ cÖe‡Ü †jLK mKj gvbyl‡K mgvb gh©v`vq cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z AvnŸvb K‡i‡Qb| †Kbbv KvD‡K D‡c¶v K‡i
†Qv‡Uv‡jvK fvevi c‡¶ bb wZwb| Zuvi g‡Z, mKj‡K wb‡q GwM‡q †h‡Z cvi‡jB mgv‡R kvwš@ cÖwZwôZ n‡e|
DÏxc‡Ki †cŠi‡gqi wb‡Ri Rq‡K RbM‡Yi weRq wn‡m‡e AvL¨v †`b| wZwb †cŠimfvi cÖwZwU gvby‡li myL-`yt‡Li fvMx`vi n‡Z Pvb|
†cŠimfvi mKj‡K wb‡Ri kw³ wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ K‡i wZwb mK‡j wg‡j wg‡k GjvKvi Kj¨vY I Dbœq‡b KvR Kivi `„p cÖZ¨q e¨³
K‡ib| ÔD‡cw¶Z kw³i D`&‡evabÕ cÖe‡Ü †jLK †cŠi‡gq‡ii g‡Zv e¨w³ cÖZ¨vkv Ki‡jI †mLv‡b AwfRvZ m¤•Ö`vq Z_vKw_Z
ÔwbPz‡kÖwYi †jvKÕ AvL¨v w`‡q wKQy gvbyl‡K GKN‡i K‡i ivL‡Q| d‡j †mB gvbylMy‡jv nxb¤§b¨Zvq fz‡M mgv‡Ri Kj¨v‡Y †Kv‡bv Ae`vb
ivL‡Z cvi‡Q bv| Av‡jvP¨ cÖe‡Ü AwfRvZ¨ Mwe©Z gvbyl Zv‡`i ¯^v‡_©i Rb¨ Z_vKw_Z wbPz †kÖwYi gvbyl‡K gv_v Zz‡j `uvovevi my‡hvM
†`q bv| hv DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ˆemv`„k¨c–Y©|
Dˇii g–jK_v : mvg¨ev`x mgvR MV‡b DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔD‡cw¶Z kw³i D`&‡evabÕ ˆemv`„k¨c–Y©|
k mKj gvbyl‡K Avcb K‡i †bIqvi fvebvi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki †cŠi‡gq‡ii `„wófw½ Av‡jvP¨ cÖe‡Üi g–jmyi|
ÔD‡cw¶Z kw³i D`&‡evabÕ cÖe‡Ü †jL‡Ki mvg¨ev`x gvbwmKZvi ewntcÖKvk N‡U‡Q| Zuvi g‡Z, mgv‡Ri me gvbyl wg‡jB Rbkw³|
wKš‘ Avgv‡`i †`‡k kÖgRxex †kÖwYi gvbyl‡K Ae‡njv Kiv nq| A_P GKwU †`‡ki DbœwZ I AMÖMwZ wbf©i K‡i †mB †`‡ki mKj
†kÖwY-†ckvi gvby‡li mw¤§wjZ Kg©c‡Ö Póvi Ici|
DÏxc‡K †cŠimfv wbe©vP‡b Rqjvf Kiv †cŠi‡gqi mKj bvMwiK‡K G R‡qi K…wZZ¡ †`b Ges G weRq RbM‡Yi e‡j †NvlYv †`b| G
†cŠimfvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU gvby‡li myL-`yt‡Li fvMx`vi n‡Z Pvb| mK‡j wg‡jwg‡k GjvKvi Kj¨vY I Dbœq‡b KvR Ki‡Z Pvb| †cŠievmx‡K
wb‡Ri kw³ wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ K‡i mK‡j wg‡jwgwk _vK‡Z Pvb| †Kv‡bviƒc ˆemg¨ ev †f`v‡f` wZwb mg_©b K‡ib bv| ÔD‡cw¶Z kw³i
D`&‡evabÕ iPbvq †jLKI GgbwU cÖZ¨vkv K‡i‡Qb| †jL‡Ki g‡Z, gvby‡li mv‡_ gvby‡li m¤•K© n‡e wbg©j, wbtkZ©| DÏxc‡Ki
†cŠi‡gq‡ii g‡Zv †mvbvi gvbylB †jL‡Ki cÖZ¨vkv Ges iPbvi g–jmyi|
Dˇii g–jK_v : mKj †f`v‡f` fz‡j mK‡j wg‡j HK¨e×fv‡e KvR Kivi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡K ewY©Z †cŠi‡gq‡ii `„wófw½ Av‡jvP¨ cÖe‡Üi g–jmyi|
cÖkœ  03 AZx‡Z cqjv ˆekvL MÖv‡gi mvaviY gvby‡li Kv‡Q we‡kl Zvrch©c–Y© wQj| Gw`b Zviv evwoNi cwi®‹vi ivLZ, e¨envh©
wRwbmcÎ †avqv‡gvQv K‡i mKv‡j †Mvmj †m‡i c–Z-cweÎ n‡Zv| G w`bwU‡Z fv‡jv LvIqv, fv‡jv _vKv I fv‡jv ci‡Z cviv‡K Zviv
fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ g½jRbK g‡b Ki‡Zv| ci¯•‡ii evwo‡Z hvIqv-Avmv, ky‡f”Qv wewbgq I bvbviKg Avb›`-Drm‡ei Av‡qvRb KiZ|
K. beve wmivR‡ÏŠjv †klev‡ii g‡Zv jovB Kivi Rb¨ Kv‡`i WvK w`‡qwQ‡jb? 1
L. Ôgy‡Q hvK MÐvwb Ny‡P hvK Riv, AwMœøv‡b kywP †nvK aivÕÑ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ Ôcqjv ˆekvLÕ cÖe‡Üi evsjv beel© D`&hvc‡bi ˆemv`„k¨c–Y© w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡K Ôcqjv ˆekvLÕ cÖe‡Üi cÖwZdjb _vK‡jI Zv †jL‡Ki cÖZ¨vkv‡K aviY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
3bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h beve wmivR‡ÏŠjv †klev‡ii g‡Zv jovB Kivi Rb¨ wn›`y-gymjgvb Dfq‡K WvK w`‡qwQ‡jb|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  45

i cÖ‡kœv³ evK¨wU‡Z weMZ w`‡bi Acev` I MÐvwb ay‡q gy‡Q cyZ-cweÎ nIqvi cÖZ¨vkv e¨³ n‡q‡Q|
beel© n‡jv cy‡iv‡bv RxY© Rxeb‡K we`vq w`‡q m‡ZR-mRxe bexY GK Rxe‡bi g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek Kivi Avb›`vbyf‚wZ| cyivZb ¯§„wZ fz‡j bZzb
AvnŸv‡b mvov †`Iqv, weMZ w`‡bi e¨_©Zvi Acev` fz‡j hvIqvi g‡a¨ bee‡l©i gvnvÍ wbwnZ| KweI cÖZ¨vkv K‡i‡Qb, cyivZb w`‡bi
e¨_©Zv, Acev`, Ny‡P AwMœøv‡b cweÎ nIqvi evmbv| bZzb w`‡b bZzb Avkv wb‡q, ¯^cœ wb‡q bZzbfv‡e c_ Pjvi cÖZ¨vkv bee‡l©|
Dˇii g–jK_v : evOvwji cÖv‡Yi Drme beel© be D`¨‡g mewKQy fz‡j, wcQ‡b †d‡j mvg‡b GwM‡q hvIqvi †cÖiYv mÂvi K‡i|
j DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ Ôcqjv ˆekvLÕ cÖe‡Üi ˆemv`„k¨c–Y© w`K n‡jv beel© D`&hvc‡bi ag©wbi‡c¶ †PZbv Ges evOvwj RvZxqZv‡eva|
cqjv ˆekvL evOvwji cÖv‡Yi Drme| GwU †kÖô mvs¯‹…wZK Drme| K…wlwbf©i G‡`‡k cÖvPxbKvj †_‡K evsjv bee‡l©i aviYv P‡j G‡m‡Q|
G‡`‡ki mKj a‡g©i gvbyl G Drm‡e Avb‡›`i mv‡_ Ask †bq| abx-Mwie, D”PweË ga¨weË mevB bZzb †cvkvK c‡i eQ‡ii cÖ_g w`b‡K
¯^vMZ Rvbvq|
DÏxc‡K cqjv ˆekvL‡K †K›`ª K‡i evOvwji N‡i Avb‡›`i eb¨v e‡q hvq| evOvwji ü`‡q Rv‡M my‡ii g–Q©bv| G‡K Ac‡ii cÖwZ cÖKvk
K‡i mngwg©Zv I †mŠnv`©¨| cyivZ‡bi MÐvwb fz‡j bZzb D`¨‡g bZz‡bi †cÖiYvq D¾xweZ nIqvi ¯^cœ I AvKv¸¶v GLv‡b e¨³ n‡q‡Q| wKš‘
Ôcqjv ˆekvLÕ cÖe‡Ü ˆekv‡Li Avb›` QvovI evOvwji RvZxqZvev`x †PZbv, mvg¨ev`x `„wófw½I cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| G Drm‡e mKj
a‡g©i gvbyl evOvwj †PZbv‡K aviY K‡i Avb‡›` †g‡Z I‡V| †`vKv‡b †`vKv‡b P‡j nvjLvZv I wgwó LvIqvi Drme| ZvB ejv hvq,
DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ Ôcqjv ˆekvLÕ cÖe‡Üi evsjv beel© D`&hvcb ˆemv`„k¨c–Y©|
Dˇii g–jK_v : beel© D`&hvc‡b evOvwji RvZxqZvev`x †PZbv mvg¨ev`x `„wófw½ cÖwZdwjZ nq, hv cÖe‡Ü _vK‡jI DÏxc‡K Abycw¯’Z|
k ÒDÏxc‡K Ôcqjv ˆekvLÕ cÖe‡Üi cÖwZdjb _vK‡jI Zv †jL‡Ki cÖZ¨vkv‡K aviY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|ÓÑ evsjv beel© cvj‡bi HwZ¨n¨
we‡ePbvq gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
Ôcqjv ˆekvLÕ cÖe‡Ü †jLK Zvi cÖZ¨vkvi K_v Rvwb‡q‡Qb mvejxj fvlvq| evsjv beel© cqjv ˆekvL evOvwji me©‡kÖô mvs¯‹…wZK
Drme| GwU K…wlwbf©i evsjv‡`‡k dmj Drcv`‡bi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨ i¶v K‡i cÖvPxbKvj †_‡KB D`&hvwcZ n‡q Avm‡Q| Drme kyay
weËevb, ga¨weË I `xb-`wi`ª K…l‡Ki bq, G Drme evsjv fvlvfvlx Ges evsjv‡`‡k emevmKvix mKj gvby‡li|
DÏxc‡K AZx‡Zi beel© D`&hvcb ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| bee‡l©i w`b mvaviY gvbyl Zv‡`i Nievwo cwi®‹vi KiZ, mg¯@ wRwbmcÎ †avqv‡gvQv
†k‡l †Mvmj K‡i cyZ-cweÎ n‡Zv| Gw`‡b fv‡jv _vKv, fv‡jv LvIqv, fv‡jv ci‡Z mevB †Póv KiZ| ci¯•‡ii evwo‡Z hvIqv-Avmv,
ky‡f”Qv wewbgq wQj mvaviY NUbv|
Ôcqjv ˆekvLÕ cÖe‡Ü DÏxc‡Ki g‡ZvB beel© D`&hcv‡bi K_v ejv Av‡Q| Z‡e ag©xq msKxY©Zvi e„Ë AwZµg K‡i evsjv beel© Drme
AvR Avgv‡`i RvZxq †PZbvi aviK| G AwfgZ e¨³ K‡i †jLK cqjv ˆekv‡Li RqMvb †M‡q‡Qb| myZivs DÏxc‡K Ôcqjv ˆekvLÕ
cÖe‡Üi cÖwZdjb _vK‡j I Zv †jL‡Ki cÖZ¨vkv‡K aviY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| G gš@e¨ h_v_©|
Dˇii g–jK_v : cqjv ˆekvL †h HwZn¨c–Y©, HwZnvwmK cUf‚wg mg„× Zv DÏxc‡K aiv c‡o bv| ZvB gš@e¨wU h_vh_|
cÖkœ  04 PzKbM‡ii MYnZ¨vi eY©bv w`‡Z wM‡q wk¶K mi`vi gynv¤§` b–i Avwj e‡jb, Ô†m GK bviKxq `„k¨| †fvjv hvq bv| Avgv‡`i
GjvKvq cÖvq Pvi gvBje¨vcx GB nZ¨vhÁ P‡j| wKQy jvk b`x‡Z fvwm‡q †`Iqv nq| `yM©Ü Gov‡Z wKQy jvk gvwU Pvcv †`Iqv nq|
GjvKvi †jvK `yB gvm ch©š@ b`xi gvQ Lvqwb| f‡q †jvKRb cuvP-Qq gvm ch©š@ evRv‡iI Av‡mwb|Õ
K. Ôgvwm© wcwUkbÕ A_© Kx? 1
L. Ôwg_¨v fvl‡Y fiv wee„wZÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡K ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi †Kvb w`KwU Dcw¯’Z? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔDÏxc‡Ki Zzjbvq ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi welqe¯‘ A‡bK e¨vcK|ÕÑDw³wU g–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
4bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h Ôgvwm©wcwUkbÕ A_© n‡”Q kvw¯@ †_‡K Ae¨vnwZ †P‡q Av‡e`b|
i Ôwg_¨v fvl‡Y fiv wee„wZÕ ej‡Z 1971 mv‡j G‡`‡ki eyw×Rxex I wkíx‡`i †h wee„wZ w`‡Z cvwK¯@vb miKvi eva¨ K‡iwQj †mB
wee„wZ‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
1971 mv‡j cvwK¯@vb miKvi †iwW‡qv-wUwf‡Z weL¨vZ e¨w³‡`i a‡i wb‡q Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb KiZ| Gme Abyôv‡bi welqe¯‘ wQj
AZ¨vPvix cvwK¯@vb miKv‡ii MyYKxZ©b Kiv| cvwK¯@vb miKvi hLb †`Lj †h, G‡Z Zv‡`i myweav n‡”Q bv, ZLb Le‡ii KvM‡R wee„wZ
cÖKvk Ki‡Z _v‡K Ges G‡Z eyw×Rxex I wkíx‡`i ¯^v¶i Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡i| GB wee„wZ m¤•‡K©B Av‡jvP¨ Dw³wU Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Ôwg_¨v fvl‡Y fiv wee„wZÕ ej‡Z 1971 mv‡j G‡`‡ki eyw×Rxex I wkíx‡`i †h wee„wZ w`‡Z cvwK¯@vb miKvi eva¨ K‡iwQj †mB
wee„wZ‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
j DÏxc‡K ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi gvQ LvIqv ev` †`Iqvi welqwU Dcw¯’Z|
ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvwU 1971 mv‡ji gyw³hy‡×i †cÖ¶vc‡U iwPZ| †mmgq cwðg cvwK¯@vwb evwnbxi AZwK©Z nvgjvq cÖ_‡gB XvKvi
bMi Rxeb wek„¸Lj n‡q c‡o| hy× kyi“i wKQyw`b c‡iB kn‡ii Av‡kcv‡ki b`x‡Z gvby‡li jvk fvm‡Z _v‡K| nZ¨v-jyÉb, AwMœms‡hvM
wQj cÖwZ gyn–‡Z©i NUbv| cvwK¯@vwb ee©i †mbviv KZ cwievi‡K †h ¯^Rbnviv K‡i‡Q Zv e‡j †kl Kiv hv‡e bv|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  46
DÏxc‡K wk¶K mi`vi gynv¤§` b–i Avwj PzKbM‡ii MYnZ¨vi eY©bv w`‡Z wM‡q e‡jb, †m GK bviKxq `„k¨| H GjvKvi cÖvq Pvi gvBj
e¨vcx MYnZ¨v P‡j| wKš‘ jvk b`x‡Z fvwm‡q †`Iqv nq| `yM©Ü Gov‡Z wKQy jvk gvwU Pvcv †`Iqv nq| GjvKvi gvbyl `yB gvm ch©š@
b`xi gvQ Lvqwb Ges f‡q evRv‡iI Av‡mwb| Ab¨w`‡K ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvq Giƒc eY©bv i‡q‡Q| m`iNvU, †mvqvixNv‡U kZ kZ
gvbyl †g‡i eywoM½v b`x‡Z †dj‡Q| cPv jv‡ki `yM‡© Ü †mLv‡b `uvov‡bv †hZ bv| †mRb¨ gvbyl b`x †_‡K aiv gvQ bv †L‡Z eva¨
n‡qwQj| AZGe DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi gvbyl nZ¨vi wefrm¨ w`K Ges b`xi gvQ bv LvIqvi w`KwU Dcw¯’Z|
Dˇii g–jK_v : b`x‡Z †f‡m hvIqv g„Z‡`‡ni cPv MÜ Ges GRb¨ A‡bKw`b b`xi gvQ bv LvIqvi welqwU DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ
iPbvq Dcw¯’Z|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki Zzjbvq ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi welqe¯‘ A‡bK e¨vcK|ÓÑgš@e¨wU h_v_©|
Av‡jvP¨ DÏxc‡K ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi nvbv`vi evwnbxi b„ksmZvi w`KwU dzh‡U D‡V‡Q| PzKbM‡ii MYnZ¨vi eY©bv i‡q‡Q
DÏxc‡K| †mLv‡b Pvi gvBje¨vcx GB nZ¨vhÁ P‡j| A‡bK jvk b`x‡Z fvwm‡q †`Iqv nq| GjvKvi †jvKRb `yBgvm ch©š@ b`xi gvQ
Lvqwb| Ab¨w`‡K ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvq D‡jÐL Av‡Q m`iNvU, †mvqvixNvU GjvKvq cPv jv‡ki `yM©‡Ü `uvov‡bv hvq bv| GRb¨ gvQ
LvIqvB ev` w`‡q‡Qb †jwLKv| G welqwU DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ mv`„k¨c–Y©| GQvov Ab¨vb¨ welqMy‡jv DÏxc‡K Abycw¯’Z|
Av‡jvP¨ iPbvq Mfxi †e`bvi m‡½ AvKvi Bw½‡Z gvZ…ü`‡qi nvnvKvi cÖwZaŸwbZ n‡q‡Q| hv DÏxc‡K Abycw¯’Z| cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi
evwnbxi nvgjvq cÖ_‡gB †h wek„¸Lj Ae¯’vi m„wó n‡q‡Q Zvi Bw½Z cvIqv hvq Av‡jvP¨ iPbvq| cvwK¯@vwb ˆ¯^ivPvix miKvi †Rvi K‡i
¯‹zj-K‡jR †Lvjv iv‡LÑ mKj wKQy ¯^vfvweK GUv †evSv‡bvi Rb¨| †Rvi K‡i †iwW‡qv‡Z, cwÎKvq wewkó e¨w³‡`i wee„wZ cÖPvi Kiv
nq| Zvici 16B wW‡m¤^i cvwK¯@vwb evwnbxi AvÍmgc©YÑ Gme wKQyB †bB Av‡jvP¨ DÏxc‡K| myZivs welqe¯‘i e¨vcKZv Dcjwä K‡i
G K_v wbwØ©avq ejv hvq †h, DÏxc‡Ki Zzjbvq ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi welqe¯‘ A‡bK e¨vcK|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Zzjbvq ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi welqe¯‘ A‡bK e¨vcK|
cÖkœ  05 `yB eÜyi K‡_vcK_bÑ
1g eÜy : Rvwbm eÜy, mgv‡Ri mv‡_ Zvj †gjv‡Z †M‡j kyay evsjv ej‡jB P‡j bv| Avwg‡Zv Bs‡iwR fv‡jv wkwLwb, ZvB wb‡Ri g‡Zv
K‡i evsjv Bs‡iwR wgwj‡q K_v ewj, Z‡e †Q‡jwU‡K fwZ© Kwi‡qwQ Bswjk wgwWqvg ¯‹z‡j|
2q eÜy : mgv‡Ri mv‡_ Zvj †gjv‡Z Avwg gvZ…fvlvq K_v ej‡Z j¾v cvB bv, Avwg Mwe©Z evsjv fvlvq K_v ewj e‡j| Avgvi mš@v‡bi
fvlvwk¶vi †¶‡Î evsjv fvlvi AMÖvwaKvi w`‡qwQ|
K. ÔAviwe-dviwmÕ kv‡¯¿i cÖwZ Kwei Kx †bB? 1
L. evsjv fvlv‡K hviv wnsmv K‡i Zv‡`i Rš§ m¤•‡K© Kwei mw›`nvb nIqvi KviY e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki 1g eÜyi e³‡e¨ Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`‡Ki Bw½Z i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki 2q eÜyi e³e¨ Ges Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi g–jfve GKm–‡Î Muv_vÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©Zv wePvi K‡iv| 4
5bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h Aviwe-dviwm kv‡¯¿i cÖwZ Kwe Ave`yj nvwK‡gi †Kv‡bv ivM †bB|
i evsjv‡`‡k Rb¥MÖnY K‡iI hviv evsjv fvlv‡K AeÁv, Ae‡njv I N„Yv K‡i Zv‡`i Rb¥cwiPq wb‡q Kwe mw›`nvb|
Kwe Ave`yj nvwK‡gi mvgmgwqK A_©vr m‡Z‡iv kZ‡K GK‡kÖwYi †jvK wb‡Ri †`k, fvlv I ms¯‹…wZ‡K AeÁv I Ae‡njv KiZ| Zviv
evsjv‡K Ôwn›`yi A¶iÕ g‡b K‡i N„Yv KiZ Ges Aviwe-dviwm fvlvq K_v ej‡Z †ewk ¯^v”Q›`¨‡eva KiZ| Gme gvbyl‡K wkKonxb
ciMvQvi mv‡_ Zyjbv Kiv hvq| ZvB Kwe evsjv fvlv we‡Ølx‡`i cÖwZ KUv¶ K‡i Zv‡`i †ev‡av`q NUv‡Z cÖ‡kœv³ K_vwU e‡j‡Qb|
Dˇii g–jK_v : evsjv‡`‡k Rb¥MÖnY K‡iI hviv evsjv fvlv‡K AeÁv, Ae‡njv I N„Yv K‡i Zv‡`i Rb¥cwiPq wb‡q Kwe mw›`nvb| ZvB Kwe evsjv
fvlv we‡Ølx‡`i cÖwZ KUv¶ K‡i Zv‡`i †ev‡av`q NUv‡Z cÖ‡kœv³ K_vwU e‡j‡Qb|
j DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g eÜyi e³e¨ Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvq ewY©Z Ab¨ fvlvi cÖwZ Abyiv‡Mi Kvi‡Y gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ AeÁv Kivi w`KwUi Bw½Z
i‡q‡Q|
Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvq Kwe gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ Mfxi Dcjwä I wek¦v‡mi K_v wbwØ©avq e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| we‡`wk fvlvi cÖwZ Kwei †Kv‡bv we‡Øk
†bB| wKš‘ hviv G‡`‡k Rš§MÖnY Kivi ciI evsjv fvlv‡K AeÁv K‡i Kwe Zv‡`i cÖwZ Zxeª †¶vf cÖKvk Ges Zv‡`i Rš§cwiPq wb‡q
m‡›`n †cvlY K‡i‡Qb| Zv‡`i GB AK…ZÁ g‡bvfve Kwe‡K e¨w_Z K‡i| Avi gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ AbyivM †_‡KB Kwe evsjv fvlvq
we‡Ølx‡`i cÖwZ Zxeª wb›`v e¨³ K‡ib|
DÏxc‡K cÖ_g eÜy Zvi †Q‡jwU‡K Bswjk wgwWqvg ¯‹z‡j fwZ© Kwi‡q‡Qb| evsjv fvlvq wk¶v AR©b Zvi Kv‡Q wbZvš@B Myi“Z¡nxb e‡j
we‡ewPZ| ZvB †m Me© K‡i Zvi †Q‡j‡K Bs‡iwR fvlvq wk¶vR©‡bi welqwU e‡j| Zvi gvbwmKZvq evsjv fvlvi cÖwZ AeÁvi w`KwU
wPwÎZ n‡q‡Q| wbR gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ Zvi †Kv‡bv Myi“Z¡ †bB| wb‡R D”P wkw¶Z bq, ZvB AbM©j Bs‡iwR ej‡Z cv‡i bv| evsjv Bs‡iwR
wgwj‡q K_v e‡j| Ggb gvbwmKZvi gva¨‡g DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g eÜy Ges Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvq AK…ZÁ gvbyl‡`i AvPi‡Y fvlvi cÖwZ AeÁvc–Y©
g‡bvfve dz‡U I‡V‡Q| Gw`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g eÜy KweZvq ewY©Z gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ hv‡`i ggZ¡‡eva †bB Zv‡`i cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g eÜyi e³‡e¨ KweZvq ewY©Z Ab¨ fvlvi cÖwZ Abyiv‡Mi Kvi‡Y gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ AeÁvi w`‡Ki Bw½Z i‡q‡Q|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  47

k wbR fvlvi cÖwZ AbyivM m–‡Î DÏxc‡Ki wØZxq eÜyi e³e¨ Ges Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi g–jfve GKm–‡Î Muv_v|
Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi g–jfve gvZ…fvlvcÖxwZ| evsjv fvlvi m‡½ Kweü`‡qi i‡q‡Q wbweo m¤•K©| cy‡iv KweZv Ry‡oB gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ Mfxi
fv‡jvevmv e¨³ K‡i‡Qb Kwe| Ab¨ fvlvi cÖwZ Kwei †Kv‡bv we‡Øl †bB| wKš‘ gvZ…fvlv AeÁvKvix‡`i cÖwZ Kwei Zxeª †kÐl cÖKvk
K‡i‡Qb| †Kbbv gvZ…fvlvi †P‡q e‡ov wKQy n‡Z cv‡i bv|
DÏxc‡K wØZxq eÜyi e³‡e¨ gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ Zxeª AbyivM cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| †h Kv‡iv Kv‡Q Zvi gvZ…fvlv LyeB Zvrch© enb K‡i| gvZ…fvlv
gvbyl‡K Aeva, ¯^”Q›` I mvejxj K‡i| gvZ…fvlv Qvov †Kv‡bvfv‡eB mnR mvdj¨ AR©b Kiv hvq bv| ZvB DÏxc‡Ki wØZxq eÜy Zvi †Q‡j‡K
gvZ…fvlvq wk¶v`v‡bi e¨vcv‡i AvMÖnx| †Kbbv †m g‡b K‡i, wbR fvlv‡K AeÁv K‡i Ab¨ fvlvq AvMÖnx n‡jB mvdj¨ AR©b Kiv hvq bv|
Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvq Kwe gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ Mfxi AbyivM cÖKv‡ki cvkvcvwk gvZ…fvlv AeÁvKvix‡`i cÖwZ Zxeª †¶v‡fi ewntcÖKvk
NwU‡q‡Qb| wZwb g‡b K‡ib, gvZ…fvlv evsjvi mv‡_ Avgv‡`i cÖv‡Yi m¤•K© we`¨gvb| myL-`ytL, nvwm-Kvbœv, Avb›`-†e`bvi wewPÎ
Abyf‚wZ cÖKv‡k G fvlvB Avgv‡`i GKgvÎ Aej¤^b| ZvB gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ Avgv‡`i mK‡ji kÖ×vkxj nIqv DwPZ| ZeyI hviv
gvZ…fvlv‡K AeÁv K‡i we‡`wk fvlvi AbyKiY Ki‡Z Pvq, Ggb nxb †jvK‡`i G‡`k †Q‡o P‡j hvIqv DwPZ| DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g eÜyi g‡a¨
Ggb †PZbv cwijw¶Z n‡q‡Q| AZGe, GK_v h_v_© †h, DÏxc‡Ki wØZxq eÜyi e³e¨ Ges Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi g–jfve GKm–‡Î Muv_v|
Dˇii g–jK_v : wbR fvlvi cÖwZ GK”QÎ AbyivM m–‡Î DÏxc‡Ki wØZxq eÜyi e³e¨ Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi g–jfve GKm–‡Î Muv_v|
cÖkœ  06 c‡ii Kvi‡Y gi‡YI myL;
ÔmyLÕ ÔmyLÕ Kwi †Ku‡`v bv Avi,
hZB Kuvw`‡e, hZB fvwe‡e
ZZB evwo‡e ü`q fvi|
K. †ngP›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq †Kvb wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K øvZK wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib? 1
L. ÔRxevÍv AwbZ¨ bqÕÑ †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡K ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡K D‡jÐwLZ welqwU QvovI ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvq D‡V G‡m‡Q Rxeb‡K mg„× Kivi GKvwaK civgk©ÓÑ gš@e¨wUi
cÖvmw½KZv g–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
6bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h †ngP›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K øvZK wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib|
i RxevZ¥v AwbZ¨ bq, KviY Rxe‡K g„Zz¨eiY Ki‡Z nq|
ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvq Kwe †ngP›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq gvbeRxe‡bi cÖK…Z A_© I D‡Ïk¨ m¤•‡K© Ávb`vb K‡i‡Qb| gvbeRxeb ¶Y¯’vqx|
GB ¶Y¯’vqx Rxeb‡K mv_©K K‡i †Zvjv hvq RM‡Z Kj¨vYKi K‡g©i gva¨‡g| gvbyl‡K G c„w_ex‡Z mvnmx †hv×vi g‡Zv msMÖvg K‡i
†eu‡P _vK‡Z n‡e| Avevi g„Zz¨‡K Awbevh© †R‡b Rxeb-wegyL n‡jI Pj‡e bv| KviY gvbeRb¥ AZ¨š@ g–j¨evb| RM‡Z Kj¨vYKi K‡g©i
gva¨‡g gvbeRxeb‡K mv_©K K‡i †Zvjv hvq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ÔRxevZ¥v AwbZ¨ bqÕ, KviY Rxe‡K g„Zz¨eiY Ki‡Z nq|
j DÏxc‡K ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvi gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Y KvR K‡i hvIqvi g‡a¨ myL Av‡š^l‡Yi w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvq Kwe Ab_©K my‡Li cÖZ¨vkv Ki‡Z wb‡la K‡i‡Qb| KviY Zv Rxe‡bi cÖK…Z D‡Ïk¨ bq; eis msmv‡ii Kv‡R
g‡bv‡hvMx n‡Z n‡e I c„w_exi DbœwZi Rb¨ KvR Ki‡Z n‡e| Kwe g‡b K‡ib, AZxZ my‡Li Rb¨ e¨vKzj bv n‡q c„w_exi Kj¨v‡Y
wb‡qvwRZ nIqvi g‡a¨ wbwnZ i‡q‡Q cÖK…Z myL|
DÏxc‡Ki Kwe c‡ii Kj¨v‡Y KvR Kivi g‡a¨B myL Lu‡y R wd‡i‡Qb| ZvB wZwb myL myL K‡i e„_v Kuv`‡Z wb‡la K‡i‡Qb| †Kbbv wb‡R‡K
wb‡q fve‡j †Kej g‡bv‡e`bvB ev‡o| Kwei g‡Z, Ôc‡ii Kvi‡Y gi‡YI myL|Õ GKBfv‡e ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvqI Kwe RM‡Zi
Kj¨v‡Yi g‡a¨B my‡Li cÖK…Z ¯^iƒc‡K Abyfe K‡i‡Qb| G KweZvq Ac‡ii Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ KvR Kivi g‡a¨B cÖkvwš@ Luy‡R‡Qb wZwb|
Gfv‡eB Ac‡ii Kj¨v‡Y KvR Kivi g‡a¨ myL A‡š^lY K‡i‡Qb Kwe| G w`KwUB DÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡K ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvi gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Y KvR K‡i hvIqvi g‡a¨ myL A‡š^l‡Yi w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
k ÒDÏxc‡K DwjÐwLZ welqwU QvovI ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvq D‡V G‡m‡Q Rxeb‡K mg„× Kivi GKvwaK civgk©ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
Rxeb ¯^‡cœi g‡Zv AjxK bq| c„w_ex gvqvi RMr bq| ZvB GLv‡b `yt‡L wePwjZ bv n‡q msmvi bvgK mgiv½‡b msMÖvg K‡i Rxeb‡K
mg„× Ki‡Z n‡e| gnvgvb‡eiv †hfv‡e AgiZ¡ jvf K‡i‡Qb, Avgv‡`iI DwPZ †mfv‡e Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g Rxeb‡K Zvrch©gq K‡i †Zvjv|
DÏxc‡K Rxeb‡K Zvrch©gwÊZ Ki‡Z myL cÖZ¨vkv Z¨vM K‡i Ac‡ii wnZv‡_© wb‡R‡K DrmM© Ki‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q| Avi ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ
KweZvq Kwe Rxeb‡K mv_©K K‡i †Zvj‡Z Rxeb‡K mg„× Kivi GKvwaK civgk© w`‡q‡Qb| Kwe g‡b K‡ib, ˆeivM¨ mva‡b †Kv‡bv gyw³
†bB| Avgv‡`i Rxeb ˆkev‡ji Dc‡ii wkwkiwe›`yi g‡Zv ¶Y¯’vqx, A_P gnvg–j¨evb| ZvB gvbyl‡K GB c„w_ex‡Z mvnmx †hv×vi g‡Zv
msMÖvg K‡i †eu‡P _vK‡Z n‡e|
ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvq Kwe e‡j‡Qb, msmv‡i evm Ki‡Z n‡j msmv‡ii `vwqZ¡ mwVKfv‡e cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e| KviY msmv‡iB wewfbœ mgm¨v-
msKU †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| Pjvi c‡_ Rxe‡bi †mBme cÖwZeÜKZv †gvKvwejv K‡i mvg‡bi w`‡K AMÖmi n‡Z n‡e| A_©‰bwZK, ivR‰bwZK,
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  48
ag©xq, cvwievwiK BZ¨vw` bvbvcÖKvi cÖwZeÜKZv cÖwZw`b mvg‡b Av‡m| Gme cÖwZeÜKZv `–i Ki‡Z cvi‡jB mvg‡b AMÖmi nIqv m¤¢e|
ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvi Kwe ZvB g‡b K‡ib| wKš‘ DÏxc‡K Zvi ewntcÖKvk N‡Uwb| ZvB Avgiv gš@e¨wU‡K h_v_© ej‡Z cvwi|
Dˇii g–jK_v : gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Y KvR K‡i hvIqvi g‡a¨ myL A‡š^l‡Yi w`K QvovI ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvq Rxeb‡K mg„× Kivi GKvwaK
civgk© i‡q‡Q|
cÖkœ  07 bqb moK `yN©Ubvq AvnZ n‡j XvKvi A¨v‡cv‡jv nvmcvZv‡j fwZ© Kiv‡bv nq| GKgvÎ †Q‡j bq‡bi Ggb Ae¯’vq gv
w`‡knviv| wZwb bvgvR c‡o †Q‡ji my¯’Zvi Rb¨ AvjÐvni Kv‡Q †gvbvRvZ K‡ib| †ivRv gvbZ K‡ib, Rv‡bi e`‡j Rvb wn‡m‡e †Mvi“
gvbZ K‡ib| Amy¯’ bqb‡K †`L‡Z bvbviKg djg–j wb‡q AvÍxq-¯^Rb nvmcvZv‡j fxo Rgvq|
K. †duvUvq †duvUvq Kx Si‡Q? 1
L. Ôm¤§y‡L Zvi †Nvi KzÀwU gnvKvj ivZ cvZvÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi ˆemv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi LÊwPÎ gvÎ, c–Y©i–c bq|Ó Ñwe‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
7bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h †duvUvq †duvUvq cvZv-†Puvqv Rj Si‡Q|
i cwjÐgv‡qi g‡b cyÎ nviv‡bvi †h k¼v Zv-B dz‡U DV‡Z †`wL Ôm¤§y‡L Zvi †Nvi KzÀwU gnvKvj ivZ cvZvÕÑ PiYwUi gva¨‡g|
i“M&Y cy‡Îi wkq‡i e‡m ivZRvMv GK `wi`ª cwjÐgv‡qi K_v ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq Avgiv cvB| `vwi‡`ª¨i Kvi‡Y †Q‡ji fv‡jv c_¨-wPwKrmvi
e¨e¯’v †m Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| Amy¯’ †Q‡j hLb bvbvb Ave`vi K‡i ZLb Zvi g‡b A‡bK K_v Rv‡M| AbvMZ w`‡bI gv †Kv‡bv Avkvi
Av‡jv †`L‡Z cv‡”Q bv; †mLv‡bI †hb Ae¯’vb Ki‡Q A‡_©i Afve| D×…Z Pi‡Y gv‡qi G Ae¯’vB Awfe¨³ n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : cÖ‡kœv³ PiYwU Øviv cwjÐgv‡qi mš@vb nviv‡bvi k¼v cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q|
j †ivMkh¨vq mš@vb‡K Dchy³ wPwKrmv‡mev cÖ`v‡bi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki bq‡bi gv‡qi mv‡_ ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi wkkywUi gv‡qi
ˆemv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq GK Amnvq gv Zvi i“M&Y †Q‡ji wkq‡i e‡m †Q‡ji Av‡ivM¨ jv‡fi Rb¨ cÖv_©bv K‡ib| msmv‡ii Avw_©K A¯^”QjZvi
Kvi‡Y †Q‡ji †Kv‡bv Ave`vi c–iY Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb, cv‡ibwb Amy¯’ mš@v‡bi wPwKrmv Kiv‡Z| GgbwK GB g„Zz¨kh¨vq Zvi Ilya-c‡_¨i
e¨e¯’v Ki‡ZI wZwb e¨_© n‡q‡Qb| ZvB wZwb m„wóKZ©vi Kv‡Q KvZifv‡e wgbwZ Rvbv‡”Qb, Zvi mš@vb‡K my¯’ K‡i †`Iqvi Rb¨|
DÏxc‡Ki bqb moK `yN©Ubvq AvnZ n‡j Zv‡K kn‡ii A‡bK bvgx I weL¨vZ nvmcvZv‡j fwZ© Kiv nq| GKgvÎ †Q‡j e‡j gv mš@v‡bi
G Ae¯’vq w`‡knviv| Amy¯’ bqb‡K †`L‡Z bvbviKg djg–j wb‡q AvÍxq-¯^Rb nvmcvZv‡j fxo Rgvq| wKš‘ ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq
Amy¯’ †Q‡ji gv Pig `vwi`ªwK¬ó| `vwi‡`ª¨i Kvi‡Y gv Zvi Amy¯’ †Q‡j‡K Dchy³ wPwKrmv‡mev w`‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| B‡”Q _vKv m‡Ë¡I
Am”QjZvi Kvi‡Y mš@vb‡K h‡_vchy³ †mev w`‡Z bv †c‡i gv‡qi gb `ytLfvivµvš@| `vwi‡`ªª¨i Kvi‡Y m„ó Afve‡eva DÏxc‡Ki bq‡bi
gv‡qi mv‡_ ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi gv‡qi ˆemv`„k¨ we`¨gvb|
Dˇii g–jK_v : †ivMkh¨vq mš@vb‡K Dchy³ wPwKrmv‡mev cÖ`v‡bi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki bq‡bi gv‡qi mv‡_ ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi wkkywUi gv‡qi
ˆemv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
k ÒDÏxcKwU ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi LÊwPÎ gvÎ, c–Y©iƒc bq|ÓÑgš@e¨wU h_v_©|
mš@v‡bi cÖwZ gv‡qi fv‡jvevmv AK…wÎg| gv‡qi Kv‡Q Zvi mš@vb Ag–j¨ ab| gvZ…‡ø‡ni †Kv‡bv Zzjbv nq bv| gv‡qi †øn-ggZvq
†Kv‡bv ¯^v_© †bB| mš@v‡bi Amy‡L gv‡qi gb `yt‡L fvivµvš@ n‡q c‡o| mš@v‡bi K‡ó †m hš¿YvKvZi nq| mš@vb hLb my¯’ wQj ZLb
†m Kx Ave`vi KiZ, gv‡qi eviY m‡Ë¡I `yózwg KiZ, †mme K_v gv‡qi ¯§„wZ‡Z hLb †f‡m I‡V, Avi gv‡qi gb ZLb Livc n‡q hvq|
DÏxc‡K GKgvÎ †Q‡j bqb moK `yN©Ubvq AvnZ n‡j Zv‡K †`‡ki kxl©¯’vbxq nvmcvZv‡j fwZ© Kiv nq, gv bvgvR c‡o †Q‡ji
my¯’¨Zvi Rb¨ AvjÐvni Kv‡Q †gvbvRvZ Ki‡Qb, gvbZ Ki‡Qb, Rv‡bi e`‡j Rvb wn‡m‡e †Mvi“ gvbZ K‡ib| Ab¨w`‡K KweZvq gv Zvi
i“M&Y †Q‡ji wkq‡i e‡m _v‡K g„Zz¨i Avk¼vq|
ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq i“M&Y cy‡Îi wkq‡i e‡m ivZRvMv GK gv‡qi gbtKó eÜbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| mš@vb nviv‡bvi g‡Zv †e`bvweayi
cwiw¯’wZi gy‡LvgywL †m| ZvB‡Zv KvbvKz‡qvi WvK, ev`y‡ii cvLv SvcUvwb‡Z gv‡qi gb kw¼Z n‡q I‡V| hv DÏxc‡K †bB| †gjvi w`‡b
Afvex gv UvKvi Rb¨ mš@v‡bi mv‡_ evnvbv K‡ib, hv DÏxc‡K †bB| †Kv_vI †Lj‡Z wM‡q ivZ K‡i evwo wdivq mš@v‡bi wPš@vq gv‡qi
Aw¯’i g‡bi hš¿YvI DÏxc‡K †bB| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxcKwU ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi LÛwPÎ gvÎ, c–Y©iƒc bq|Õ
Dˇii g–jK_v : `yB gv‡qi g‡a¨ gvZ…‡ø‡ni AvcZ¨ w`KwU dz‡U DV‡jI DÏxcKwU ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi c–Y©iƒc bq|
cÖkœ  08 26†k gvP© mKv‡j 18 cvÄve †iwR‡g›U cyivb XvKvq Zv‡`i Acv‡ikb kyi“ Kij| Gi AMÖeZ©x evwnbxwU hv‡KB cvjv‡Z †`Lj
Zv‡KB j¶¨ K‡i Mywj Qyuoj| K‡qKwU RvqMvq evOvwj‡`i mvwi †eu‡a `uvo Kwi‡q Mywj K‡i gviv n‡jv| AMÖeZ©x `‡ji †cQ‡bB wQj GKwU
†Qv‡Uv `j, Zv‡`i nv‡Z wQj †c‡Uªvj| Av‡kcv‡ki evwoN‡i AvMyb w`‡Z w`‡Z G‡Mv‡Z jvMj `‡ji ˆmb¨iv|
K. †Kvb Mv‡Qi wb‡P nwiKvKzi mv‡_ eyavi †`Lv nq? 1
L. eyav ivwb‡K ÔfxZzi wWgÕ e‡jwQj †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki NUbv ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb NUbvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi AvswkK wPÎ gvÎ|ÓÑgš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  49

8bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb

h e‡ov RvgMvQUvi wb‡P nwiKvKzi mv‡_ eyavi †`Lv nq|
i wgwjUvwii f‡q MÖvg †Q‡o cvwj‡q hv‡”Q e‡j eyav ivwb‡K GKUv fxZzi wWg e‡j‡Q|
MÖv‡g wgwjUvwi G‡m A‡bK‡K Mywj K‡i gv‡i Ges evRv‡i AvMyb jvwM‡q †`q| G‡Z evRv‡ii A‡bK Ni cy‡o hvq| wgwjUvwi P‡j †M‡j
MÖv‡gi gvbyl wbivc` AvkÖ‡qi Avkvq `j †e‡a cwievi cwiRb wb‡q cvjv‡Z _v‡K| †bvjK eyqv, nwiKvKz A‡b‡KB cvwj‡q hvq| G `‡j
†hvM nq iwb I Zvi cwievi| ivwb eyav‡K A‡bK fv‡jvev‡m| ZvB eyav‡K mveav‡b _vKvi bvbv civgk© †`q| wKš‘ eyav Rv‡b KLb wK
Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi †m Pvq bv mevB cvwj‡q hvK| ZvB ivwb‡K fxZzi wWg e‡j eyav wZi¯‹vi K‡i|
Dˇii g–jK_v : eyav Pvq bv mevB MÖvg †Q‡o cvwj‡q hvK| Avi ivwbi AwZwi³ AvZ¼ †`‡L eyav Zv‡K fxZzi wWg wn‡m‡e AvL¨v †`q|
j DÏxc‡Ki NUbv ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m wPwÎZ nvbv`vi evwnbxi Ab¨vq-AZ¨vPv‡ii cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ GKwU gyw³hy×wfwËK wK‡kvicvV¨ Dcb¨vm| G Dcb¨v‡mi ga¨ w`‡q Jcb¨vwmK gyw³hy×Kvjxb MÖvg evsjvi wbLyuZ wPÎ A¼b
K‡i‡Qb| †m mgq cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi evwnbx MÖv‡gi ci MÖvg AvMyb w`‡q R¡vwj‡q w`Z| wbwe©Pv‡i Mywj Pvwj‡q gvbyl nZ¨v KiZ| Zv‡`i
G AZ¨vPv‡ii f‡q gvbyl fxZmš¿¯@ wQj| Dcb¨vmwU‡Z Ggb Aei“× cwiw¯’wZi PvjwPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
DÏxc‡K 26†k gvP© mKv‡ji K_v ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| †mw`b 18 cvÄve †iwR‡g›U cy‡iv‡bv XvKvq Zv‡`i †h Acv‡ikb cwiPvjbv K‡i †m K_v
ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| GB Acv‡ik‡bi AMÖeZ©x evwnbx hv‡KB cvjv‡Z †`‡L‡Q, Zv‡KB Mywj K‡i nZ¨v K‡i| K‡qK RvqMvq `j †eu‡a `uvo Kwi‡q
Mywj K‡i nZ¨v K‡i| Zv‡`i †cQ‡b wQj †Qv‡Uv `j, Zviv Av‡kcv‡ki evwo-N‡i AvMyb w`‡Z w`‡Z G‡Mv‡Z _v‡K| DÏxc‡K dz‡U IVv
nvbv`vi‡`i ˆckvwPK Avµg‡Yi w`KwU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m I‡V G‡m‡Q| †mLv‡b cvwK¯@vwb evwnbx eyav‡`i MÖv‡gi evRvi cywo‡q †`q,
nZ¨v K‡i A‡bK gvbyl‡K| cÖv‡Yi f‡q MÖvg †Q‡o cvwj‡q hvq AwaKvsk gvbyl| A_©vr Av‡jvP¨ Dcb¨vm Ges DÏxcK Dfq †¶‡ÎB
nvbv`vi evwnbxi AvMÖvm‡bi wPÎ dz‡U I‡V‡Q| myZivs ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki DwjÐwLZ welq ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi cvwK¯@vwb evwnbxi
AZ¨vPv‡ii w`KwUi Bw½Z enb K‡i|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡K nvbv`vi evwnbxi Ab¨vq AZ¨vPv‡ii w`KwU dz‡U I‡V‡Q|
k ÒDÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi AvswkK wPÎ gvÎ|ÓÑ Dw³wU h_v_©|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m gyw³hy‡×i fqvenZv eY©bvi Av‡M GK wK‡kv‡ii Rxe‡bi I ¯^‡cœi Ki“Y AvL¨vb eqvb Kiv n‡q‡Q| wgwjUvwi‡`i
AvµgY, Zv‡`i wbh©vZ‡bi wPÎ Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| †mB mv‡_ cvK‡mbv‡`i wei“‡× gyw³evwnbxi cÖwZ‡iv‡ai wPÎI I‡V G‡m‡Q|
DÏxc‡K wgwjUvwi‡`i mxgvnxb AZ¨vPv‡ii Kvwnwb ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Iiv KvD‡K cvwj‡q †h‡Z †`L‡j `j †eu‡a mvwie×fv‡e `uvo Kwi‡q
wbwe©Pv‡i Mywj K‡i nZ¨v K‡i| I‡`i †cQ‡b †h †c‡Uªvj wb‡q †Qv‡Uv `jwU _v‡K, Iiv Av‡kcv‡k AvMyb w`‡Z w`‡Z G‡Mv‡Z _v‡K| hv D³
Dcb¨v‡m eyav‡`i MÖv‡gi I evRv‡ii mv‡_ m½wZc–Y©| DÏxc‡K gyw³hy‡×i †h wPÎ D‡V G‡m‡Q Zv ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi LÊwPÎ|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨vm `ywU As‡k wef³Ñ hy×c–e© I hy×cieZ©x Ae¯’v| eyavi Rxe‡bi NUbvi ga¨ w`‡q Avgiv G `ywU Ae¯’vi cwic–Y©
weeiY cvB| eyavi gva¨‡gB evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li Ki“Y Ae¯’v Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| Avevi Zvi gvbwmK cwieZ©‡bi Ab¨Zg wbqvgK
gyw³hy×, hv G Dcb¨v‡mi g–j kw³| myZivs ejv hvq, DÏxc‡K †h w`K D‡V G‡m‡Q Zv ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi LwÊZ wPÎ gvÎ|
Dˇii g–jK_v : cvK evwnbxi AZ¨vPv‡ii w`K †_‡K DÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi AvswkK wPÎ gvÎ|
cÖkœ  09 1971 mv‡ji 7B A‡±vei Mfxi iv‡Z gyw³‡hv×viv Uv½vBj †Rjvi †Mvcvjcyi Dc‡Rjvq cvwK¯@vwb †mbvevwnbxi Ae¯’v‡b
AvµgY Ki‡j, cvwK¯@vwb †mbviv NuvwU‡Z Aei“× n‡q c‡o| GB mgq GKw`b kwn`yj Bmjvg Kv‡Ri †Q‡ji QÙ‡e‡k cvwK¯@vwb
†mbvevwnwbi NuvwU‡Z hvb| Zv‡`i wewfbœ dvB-digvk †L‡U Av¯’v AR©b K‡ib| c‡i †MÖ‡bWmn NuvwU‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i †mLv‡b †MÖ‡bW
we‡ùviY NwU‡q wbivc‡` wd‡i Av‡mb|
K. eyav †Kv_vq cv Qwo‡q ky‡q c‡o? 1
L. ÔGgb Lywk Avgvi Rxe‡b Avi Av‡mwb|ÕÑeyavi Ggb Dw³i KviY Kx? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki kwn`yj Bmjv‡gi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Òmvwe©K we‡kÐl‡Y DÏxc‡Ki kwn`yj Bmjvg ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi mv_©K cÖwZi–c n‡q DV‡Z cv‡iwb|ÓÑgš@e¨wU
wePvi K‡iv| 4
9bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h eyav †bŠKvi cvUvZ‡b cv Qwo‡q ky‡q c‡o|
i ivRvKvi Avnv` gywÝi evwo‡Z AvMyb w`‡q eyav Avb›` cÖKvk K‡i cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³wU K‡i‡Q|
evev-gv gviv hvIqvi ci eyav Lywk n‡Z fy‡j wM‡qwQj| wKš‘ ivRvKvi Avnv` gywÝi emZevwo‡Z AvMyb w`‡q eyav nviv‡bv Lywk †diZ
†c‡q‡Q| KviY AZ¨vPvix I nZ¨vKvix wgwjUvwi‡`i m‡½ nvZ wgwj‡qwQj Avnv` gywÝ| kvwš@ KwgwUi bv‡g, †m MÖv‡gi gvby‡li
nZ¨vKvix‡`i bvbvfv‡e mvnvh¨-mn‡hvwMZv KiZ| ZvB Zvi evwo cywo‡q Lywk n‡qwQj eyav|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ivRvKvi KgvÛvi Avnv` gywÝi evwo‡Z AvMyb w`‡q eyav Lye Avb›` Abyfe K‡i|
j DÏxc‡Ki knx`yj Bmjv‡gi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m gyw³hy‡×i mgqKvi †Mwijv Avµg‡Yi wPÎ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| wK‡kvi eyav wgwjUvwi K¨v‡¤• gvBb we‡ùviY NwU‡q G
Avµg‡Y cÖavb f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| my‡KŠk‡j †m wgwjUvwi K¨v‡¤• cÖ‡ek K‡i I gvBb we‡ùvi‡Yi gva¨‡g K¨v¤• Dwo‡q †`q|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  50
DÏxc‡Ki eY©bvq Mfxi iv‡Z gyw³‡hv×viv cvKevwnbxi NuvwU‡Z AvµgY Ki‡j Iiv NuvwU‡Z Aei“× n‡q c‡o| Gmgq kwn`yj Bmjvg
Kv‡Ri †Q‡ji QÙ‡e‡k cvwK¯@vwb †mbvevwnbxi NuvwU‡Z hvq Ges Zv‡`i wewfbœ dvB-di‡gk †L‡U Av¯’v AR©b K‡i| c‡i †MÖ‡bWmn
NuvwU‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i †mLv‡b †MÖ‡bW we‡ùviY NwU‡q wbivc‡` wd‡i Av‡m|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eY©bvq †`Lv hvq, MÖv‡g wgwjUvwi AvµgY K‡i| Zviv MÖv‡gi †ekwKQy gvbyl‡K nZ¨v K‡i| NUbvwU eyavi g‡b
Mfxi ¶Z m„wó K‡i| msMZ Kvi‡YB †m †`k‡K kΓgy³ Kivi cÖwZÁv K‡i| gyw³‡hv×v KgvÊvi kvnveywχbi civg‡k© †m wgwjUvwi
K¨v‡¤• hvq| gvwUKvUv `‡ji m‡½ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ †hvM w`‡q †KŠk‡j evsKv‡i gvBb cy‡Z Av‡m| cvwK¯@vwb wgwjUvwi evsKv‡i bvgvgvÎ
Zv‡`i cv‡qi Pv‡c gvBb we‡ùvwiZ nq| G‡Z D‡o hvq wgwjUvwi K¨v¤•| gvBb we‡ùvi‡Yi G NUbv gyw³‡hv×v‡`i †Mwijv nvgjvi
Ask| DÏxc‡K †MÖ‡bW we‡ùvi‡Yi NUbv N‡U| A_©vr Dfq †¶‡Î cvwK¯@vwb evwnbxi nZ¨v wbh©vZ‡bi wecix‡Z gyw³‡hv×vi †Mwijv
Avµg‡Yi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q| †m we‡ePbvq ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki kwn`yj Bmjv‡gi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡K †MÖ‡bW we‡ùviY NwU‡q cvK evwnbx wbab Avi Dcb¨v‡m eyavi gvBb we‡ùviY NUv‡bv GKB m–‡Î Muv_v|
k mvwe©K we‡kÐl‡Y DÏxc‡Ki knx`yj Bmjvg ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi mv_©K cÖwZiƒc n‡q DV‡Z cv‡iwb| KviY, eyav Pwi‡Îi
eyw×, Rxebfvebv, we¯@„wZ, MwZ AviI e¨vcK I mg„×|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× AskMÖnYKvix wK‡kvi gyw³‡hv×v| Dcb¨v‡mi kyi“‡Z Avgiv Zv‡K AvÍcÖZ¨qx
evjK wn‡m‡e ¯^vaxbZfv‡e MÖv‡g Ny‡i †eov‡Z †`wL| K‡jivq Zvi evev, gv, fvB‡evb mKj‡K nvwi‡q †m wbt¯^ n‡q hvq| mg‡qi
cUcwieZ©‡b †m n‡q I‡V mvnmx I AvÍcÖZ¨qx gyw³‡hv×v| Zvi mvnwmZv AcÖwZ‡iva¨| eyav cvK evwnbxi AZ¨vPvi, jyÉb I AwMœms‡hvM
†`‡L hy× Kivi Rb¨ e¨vKzj n‡q I‡V| †m ivRvKv‡ii evwo‡Z AvMyb †`q, cvwK¯@vwb‡`i K¨v‡¤• gvBb cy‡u Z ivLvi g‡Zv Pig `ytmvnwmK
KvR K‡i Aejxjvq| ivRvKvi I cvwK¯@vwb‡`i f‡q †m MÖvg †Q‡o hvq bv| Gfv‡e cwievinxb eyav gyw³hy‡× Ae`vb ivLvi gva¨‡g
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi g–j Pwi‡Î iƒc jvf K‡i|
DÏxc‡K knx`yj Bmjvg cvwK¯@vwb †mbvNuvwU‡Z Kv‡Ri †Q‡j wn‡m‡e KvR †bq| †m wgwjUvwi‡`i Av¯’v AR©b K‡i| my‡hvM ey‡S K¨v‡¤•
†MÖ‡bWmn cÖ‡ek K‡i Ges mdj we‡õviY NwU‡q wbivc‡` wd‡i Av‡m| ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav wQj ev¯@eZvi wbcxo‡b wcó nIqv
GK mvnmx wK‡kv‡ii gyw³‡hv×v n‡q IVvi Mí| eyavi Rxebfvebv I wPš@vi cÖmviZv wQj| wKš‘ DÏxcKwU‡Z knx`yj Bmjv‡gi PwiÎ
eyavi g‡Zv e¨vcKZv I we¯@„Z jvf Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| Rxebfvebv I cvwicvwk¦©K Ae¯’vi we‡ePbv‡ZI eyav Ges knx`yj Bmjvg Pwi‡Îi
ˆemv`„k¨ j¶Yxq| ZvB ejv hvq mvwe©K we‡kÐl‡Y DÏxc‡Ki knx`yj Bmjvg ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi mv_©K cÖwZiƒc n‡q DV‡Z
cv‡iwb|Ñ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
Dˇii g–jK_v : mvwe©K we‡kÐl‡Y DÏxc‡Ki knx`yj Bmjvg ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi mv_©K cÖwZiƒc n‡q DV‡Z cv‡iwb|
cÖkœ  10 ivwdb msev`cÎ Ly‡j cÖ_‡gB ÔAvR‡Ki w`bUv †Kgb hv‡eÕ KjvgwU‡Z †PvL bv eywj‡q Ni †_‡K †ei nb bv| Ni †_‡K
†e‡ivevi mgq AmveavbZvekZ †nuvPU †L‡j ev nuvwP w`‡j, LvwbKUv mgq e‡m Zvici evwo †_‡K †ei nb|
K. ewncx‡ii g‡Z, wc‡ii Mv‡q Kx jv‡M bv? 1
L. ÔGevi Zvi mv‡ai ¯^cœ †f‡O hv‡eÕÑK_vwU eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxcKwU Kxfv‡e ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki mv‡_ m¤•wK©Z? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxcKwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki g–j‡PZbv‡K ¯•k© K‡i‡Q wK? †Zvgvi gZvgZ hyw³mn we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
10bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h ewncx‡ii g‡Z, cx‡ii Mv‡q †Kv‡bv e`‡`vqv jv‡M bv|
i nv‡Zg Avwj Zvi †Q‡j nv‡k‡gi QvcvLvbvi ¯^cœ bm¨vr nIqv m¤•‡K© GK_v e‡j‡Qb|
nv‡Zg Avwj Rwg`vwi euvPv‡bvi Rb¨ †Q‡j I ¯¿x‡K Amy‡Li wg_¨v K_v e‡j kn‡i Av‡mb UvKv †RvMvo Ki‡Z| †Póv K‡iI †kl ch©š@
e¨_© n‡q Zv‡K Rwg`vwii Avkv †Q‡o w`‡Z nq| Zvi †Q‡j nv‡k‡gi Lye Avkv wQj †h, †m GKUv QvcvLvbv †`‡e| nv‡Zg Avwj †Q‡j‡K
QvcvLvbv ¯’vcb Kivi UvKv †`‡eb| wKš‘ Rwg`vwi P‡j †M‡j nv‡Zg Avwj Avi QvcvLvbv e¨emv‡qi Rb¨ UvKv w`‡Z cvi‡eb bv| ZLb
Zvi †Q‡ji Avkv f½ n‡e, †m Kó cv‡e| GwU †evSv‡ZB nv‡Zg Avwj cÖ‡kœv³ K_vwU e‡j‡Qb|
Dˇii g–jK_v : UvKv w`‡Z bv cvi‡j Zvi †Q‡ji QvcvLvbv †`Iqvi ¯^cœ †f‡O hvIqvi K_v †f‡e nv‡Zg Avwj g‡bi K‡ó GK_v e‡j‡Qb|
j AÜwek¦vm Avi Kzms¯‹v‡ii w`K †_‡K DÏxcKwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki mv‡_ m¤•wK©Z|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K wcicÖ_vi fqvenZv I K`h© iƒc ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| bvU‡K wcicÖ_vi aviK I evnK ewncxi gvby‡li ag©wek¦vm I Kzms¯‹vi‡K
cuywR K‡i mvaviY gvbyl‡K VKvq| Zvi gywi`iv Zvi †mev Kivi Rb¨ cvMj| abm¤•` †_‡K kyi“ K‡i wbR Kb¨v‡K `vb Ki‡ZI Zviv
wcQcv nq bv| g–jZ bvU‡K Kzms¯‹vi I AÜwek¦v‡mi cZb‡K Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|
DÏxc‡K ivwdb msev`cÎ Ly‡j cÖ_‡gB ÔAvR‡Ki w`bUv †Kgb hv‡eÕ A_©vr ivwkdj KjvgwU Aek¨B †`‡L Zvici Ni †_‡K †ei nb|
hvIqvi c‡_ †Kv‡bv Ag½jm–PK AvPiY †`L‡j wKQy¶Y e‡m Zvici †ei nb| hv AvaywbKZvi cwicwš’| DÏxc‡Ki Giƒc mgv‡Ri
ev¯@e iƒc Avgiv cÖZ¨¶ Kwi cwVZ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K| AÜ wcifw³i Kvi‡Y Zv‡nivi evev I mrgv wg‡j wK‡kvix Zv‡niv‡K e„× wc‡ii
mv‡_ we‡q †`q| Zv bv n‡j wc‡ii e`‡`vqvq Zviv aŸsm n‡q hv‡e| Avevi Rwg`vi cZœx †Lv‡`Rv wc‡ii nvZ †_‡K cvjv‡bv Zv‡niv‡K
cybivq wc‡ii nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡q cyY¨ jvf Ki‡Z I wc‡ii e`‡`vqv †_‡K gy³ n‡Z Pvq| Avi Gfv‡eB DÏwcKwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki mv‡_
m¤•wK©Z|
Dˇii g–jK_v : wb‡Ri gbMov wek¦vm Avi Kzms¯‹vi Abymi‡Yi w`K †_‡K DÏxcKwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki mv‡_ m¤•wK©Z|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  51

k DÏxcKwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki g–j‡PZbv‡K ¯•k© K‡i‡Q e‡jB g‡b Kwi|

ÔewncxiÕ bvUKwU M‡o D‡V‡Q evOvwj Rxe‡b wci m¤•Ö`v‡qi cÖfve‡K †K›`ª K‡i| G bvU‡K evOvwj gymwjg mgv‡R †Ru‡K emv wcicÖ_vi
K_v I‡V G‡m‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K I‡V G‡m‡Q bZzb w`‡bi cÖZxK¯^iƒc GK evwjKvi wc‡ii cÖwZ we‡`ªvn I cÖwZev`x †PZbv|
DÏxc‡Ki ivwdb †Mvov Kzms¯‹viv”Qbœ Ges AbMÖmi gvbwmKZvi cwiPvqK| †m Zvi wbR¯^ wPš@vavivi AbymiK| †m wek¦vm K‡i
msev`c‡Îi ÔAvR‡Ki w`bUv †Kgb hv‡eÕ Kjvg| †R¨vwZwli K_v‡K †m GKev‡K¨ wek¦vm ¯’vcb K‡i| Ni †_‡K †e‡ivevi mgq
AmveavbZvekZ †nuvPU †L‡j ev nuvwP w`‡j, ZLbB †ewi‡q hvq bv| wKQyUv mgq e‡m Zvici hvIqvi D‡`¨vM †bq| GgbB gvbwmKZv
bvU‡K Zv‡nivi evev-gv I Rwg`vi cZœx †Lv‡`Rvi g‡a¨ †`Lv hvq| Zviv wci cyRvq e¨wZe¨¯@| wc‡ii mybRi cvIqvi Rb¨ Zv‡nivi
evev-gv wb‡Ri †g‡q‡K wemR©b †`q, †Lv‡`Rv †h-†Kv‡bv g–‡j¨ wc‡ii weivMfvRb n‡Z Pvq bv| ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki g–j‡PZbv n‡jv
mvgvwRK Am½wZ Zz‡j aiv| †h Am½wZ hyM hyM a‡i P‡j G‡m‡Q| †Kv‡bv mgm¨vi cÖwZKvi wKsev mgvavb bvU‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ bq|
DÏxcKwUI wKQy mgm¨v I Am½wZi ev¯@e wPÎ Dc¯’vcK| GwUI †Kv‡bv mgm¨vi mgvavb bq| ZvB ejv hvq DÏxcKwU bvU‡Ki
g–j‡PZbv‡K ¯•k© K‡i‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Kzms¯‹vi Avi AÜ AbyKi‡Yi w`K †_‡K DÏxcKwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki g–j‡PZbv‡K ¯•k© K‡i‡Q|
cÖkœ  11 `„k¨Kí-1 : wPiw`b KvnviI mgvb bvwn hvq|
AvwR‡K †h ivRvwaivR Kvj †m wf¶v Pvq \
`„k¨Kí-2 : ej wK †Zvgvi ¶wZ
Rxe‡bi A‰_ b`x
cvi nq †Zvgv‡K a‡i
`ye©j gvbyl hw`|
K. ewncx‡ii cÖ_g ¯¿x KZ eQi Av‡M G‡š@Kvj K‡ib? 1
L. nwKKzjÐvn cywjk WvK‡Z wM‡qI wd‡i G‡mwQj †Kb? 2
M. `„k¨Kí-1-Gi cwiw¯’wZ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb cwiw¯’wZi Bw½Zevnx? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Ò`„k¨Kí-2-Gi †PZbv ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg-Gi †PZbviB aviK|ÓÑgš@e¨wU hvPvB K‡iv| 4
11bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h ewncx‡ii cÖ_g ¯¿x †PŠÏ eQi Av‡M G‡š@Kvj K‡ib|
i cwiw¯’wZ we‡ePbv K‡i ewncx‡ii wec‡`i Avk¼vq nwKKzjÐvn cywjk WvK‡Z wM‡qI wd‡i G‡mwQj|
ewncxi Zv‡nivi gv-evevi mn‡hvwMZvq Zvi AgZ _vKv m‡Ë¡I Zv‡K we‡q K‡ib| wKš‘ Zv‡niv evwo †_‡K cvwj‡q hvq| cieZ©xKv‡j
ewncxi nv‡Zg Avwji eRivq Zv‡nivi Dcw¯’wZ †Ui cvb| Zv‡niv‡K mv‡_ wb‡q †h‡Z PvB‡j †m ivwR bv nIqvq wZwb nwKKzjÐvn‡K
cywjk WvK‡Z e‡jb| wKš‘ K‡bi Ag‡Z we‡q Kivq ewncx‡ii wec` n‡Z cv‡i †f‡e nwKKzjÐvn cywjk WvK‡Z wM‡q wd‡i G‡mwQj|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ewncx‡ii wec‡`i Avk¼vq nwKKzjÐvn cywjk WvK‡Z wM‡q wd‡i G‡mwQ‡jb|
j `„k¨Kí-1 Gi cwiw¯’wZ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡Zg Avjxi Rwg`vix nviv‡bvi cwiw¯’wZi Bw½Zevnx|
nv‡Zg Avjx GKRb ¶wqòz Rwg`vi| LvRbv evwK covi Kvi‡Y m–h©v¯@ AvB‡b Zvi Rwg`vwi wbjv‡g DV‡e| wb‡Ri Rwg`vwi euvPv‡Z wZwb
A_©msMÖ‡ni D‡Ï‡k¨ kvixwiK Amy¯’Zvi ARynv‡Z kn‡i Av‡mb| kn‡ii eÜyi Kv‡Q wZwb mvnvh¨ cÖv_©bv K‡ib| wKš‘ Zvi eÜy K_v
†`Iqvi ciI Zv‡K †Kv‡bv A_©mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z GwM‡q Av‡mwb| d‡j wZwb c–e©cyi“‡li Rwg`vwi nviv‡bvi f‡q KvZi|
DÏxcK-1 G ejv n‡q‡Q wPiw`b KviI mgvb hvq bv| fv‡jv-g›`, myL-`ytL wgwj‡qB Rxeb| G Rxe‡b GK”QÎ myL wKsev wbiew”Qbœ `ytL
Kíbv Kiv hvq bv| my‡Li ci `ytL, `yt‡Li ci myL GUvB Pj‡Q| ZvB AvR †h ivRvwaivR, Kvj †m wfLvwi| GgbwUB Avgiv cÖZ¨¶ Kwi
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K| nv‡Zg Avjx Rwg`vwi nviv‡bvi †e`bvq w`‡knviv| A_©vr `„k¨Kí-1 Gi cwiw¯’wZ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡Zg Avjxi
Rwg`vwi nviv‡Z emvi cwiw¯’wZi Bw½Zevnx|
Dˇii g–jK_v : `„k¨Kí-1 Gi cwiw¯’wZ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡Zg Avjxi Rwg`vwi nviv‡bvi cwiw¯’wZi Bw½Zevnx|
k Ò`„k¨Kí-2 Gi †PZbv ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg-Gi †PZbviB aviKÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
mgv‡R gvbylB gvby‡li wec‡` GwM‡q Av‡m| Avevi gvbylB gvby‡li kΓ n‡q cvkweK AvPiY K‡i| Kv‡RB gvby‡l gvby‡l †h wnsmv-†Øl
Av‡Q Zv `–i Kivi Rb¨ gvbweK g–j¨‡ev‡ai RvMiY NUv‡bv Ri“wi| Zvn‡j gvbeZv jw¸NZ n‡e bv| mgvR DbœZ n‡e|
`„k¨Kí-2 G mej‡K AuvK‡o a‡i `ye©‡ji wec` †_‡K i¶v cvIqv‡Z KviI †Kv‡bv ¶wZ Av‡Q wK bv Rvb‡Z PvIqv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b g–jZ
`ye©j-me‡ji mnve¯’vb Ges `ye©j‡K i¶v Kivi gvbweK w`KwU cÖZ¨vkv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB welqwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi cÖwZ
nv‡k‡gi mnvbyf‚wZi cÖKvk, wec` †_‡K D×v‡i ZrciZv I msmv‡ii ¯^cœ †`Lv‡bvi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c–Y©|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K Zv‡nivi evev I mrgv wcif³| Zviv ewncxi‡K kÖ×v K‡i Ges Zv‡K Lywk K‡i cyY¨ AR©b Ki‡Z Pvq| wc‡ii cÖwZ kÖ×v
†_‡KB Zviv †g‡q Zv‡niv‡K wc‡ii m‡½ we‡q †`q| Zv‡niv e„× wc‡ii m‡½ Zvi we‡q †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j †m evwo †_‡K cvwj‡q
hvq Ges Rwg`v‡ii eRivq Zvi AvkÖq nq| †mLv‡b Rwg`vicyÎ nv‡kg‡K †m me NUbv Rvbvq Ges nv‡kgI Zvi Amg we‡q †g‡b wb‡Z
cv‡iwb| Zv‡nivi gvbwmK Ae¯’v Ges Zvi AmnvqZ¡ eyS‡Z †c‡i nv‡kg Zvi w`‡K mvnv‡h¨i nvZ evwo‡q †`q| Gfv‡e Zv‡nivi cÖwZ
nv‡k‡gi g‡bvfve `„k¨Kí-2 Gi Abyiƒc n‡q I‡V|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡K Amnvq `ye‡© ji cÖwZ mnvbyf‚wZkxj nIqvi †PZbvwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg-Gi †PZbv‡KB aviY K‡i‡Q|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  52

PÆMÖvg †evW©Ñ2024 †mU : L

evsjv cÖ_g cÎ (eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶v) welq †KvW : 1 0 1
[2024 mv‡ji wm‡jevm Abyhvqx]
mgq : 30 wgwbU c–Y©gvb : 30
[we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶vi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg–n n‡Z mwVK/m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU
Kv‡jv Kvwji ej c‡q›U Kjg Øviv m¤•–Y© fivU K‡iv| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb- 1|] cÖkœc‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|
1. evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i me©Kwbô kvLv †KvbwU? KweZvskwU ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvi †h fv‡ei cÖwZdj NUvq Zv n‡jvÑ
E bvUK F Dcb¨vm G KweZv H †Qv‡UvMí i. msmvi-weevMx nIqvi cÖwZ wbi“rmvn
2. Kwe ˆmq` kvgmyj n‡Ki g‡Z, evOvwj RvwZi exRg‡š¿ wbwnZ Av‡QÑ ii. cvwievwiK gvqvq Ave× _vKvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
i. HK¨ ii. †kŠl© iii. mvg¨ iii. `viv-cyÎ-cwiev‡ii K_v †f‡e `ywðš@vMÖ¯@ nIqv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii
3. wb‡Pi †Kvb ˆewkó¨wU ÔwbqwZÕ M‡íi †e½j UvBMv‡ii bq? 18. ÔAivwZÕÑk‡ãi A_© Kx?
E wbqwZi wbg©g cwinv‡mi wkKvi F _vjvq K‡i Lvevi w`‡Z nq E kΓ F Nvo G AZ¨vPvi H Awff‚Z
 G LvIqvi Rb¨ Aby‡iva Ki‡Z nq H Aí eqm, gReyZ kixi 19. ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq †KvbwU‡K AKj¨v‡Yi cÖZxK ejv n‡q‡Q?
4. Ôbv‡g Zvj cyKzi, NwU †Wv‡e bvÕÑG cÖev‡`i fvev_© ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K †Kvb E gkvi fbfb F ûZz‡gi WvK
Pwi‡Î cÖZxqgvb?  G KvbvKz‡qvi WvK H ev`y‡oi cvLv SvcUvwb
E ewncxi F nv‡Zg Avwj G nv‡kg Avwj H †Lv‡`Rv  DÏxcKwU c‡o 20 I 21bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
5. Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi Rb¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvq mMxi Avjx †K wQ‡jb? Ô†Zvgv‡Z i‡q‡Q mKj †KZve mKj Kv‡ji Ávb,
E kvnevRcy‡ii †Rvqvb K…lK F †R‡jcvovi mvnmx †jvK mKj kvš¿ Luy‡R cv‡e mLv Ly‡j †`‡Lv wbR cÖvY,
 G †gNbv b`xi `¶ gvwS H XvKvi wiKkvIqvjv †Zvgv‡Z i‡q‡Q mKj ag©, mKj hyMveZvi,
6. kyav‡jv †m Rb, ÔmvMi nB‡Z †K AwaK abevb?Õ Ávbx e‡j, ÔevQv, Zzó †Zvgvi ü`q wek¦-†`Dj mK‡ji †`eZvi|Õ
ü`q Zv‡iv †P‡q Mixqvb|ÕÑ PiY`ywUi fv‡ei mv‡_ †Zvgvi cvV¨ †Kvb 20. KweZvskwU ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi †Kvb fv‡ei mv‡_ mv`„k¨c–Y©?
KweZvi fv‡ei wgj Av‡Q? E mvgvwRK `vqe×Zv F cÖwZev`x †PZbv
E Rxeb-m½xZ F ivbvi G Avkv H cwjÐRbbx  G gvby‡li †kÖôZ¡ H mªóvi gvnvͨ
7. ÔwbgMvQÕ †Kvb ai‡bi Mí? 21. D³ fve wb‡Pi †Kvb Pi‡Y cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q?
E ig¨ Mí F AbyMí G RxebgyL x Mí H cÖZxKx Mí E gvby‡li †P‡q e‡ov wKQy bvB, b‡n wKQy gnxqvb|
F me †`‡k me Kv‡j N‡i-wZwb gvby‡li ÁvwZ|
8. †PvL jvj n‡j eyavi wfZi Kx Rv‡M?
 G me Øvi Gi †Lvjv i‡e, Pvjv nvZzwo kvej Pvjv|
E Kvbœvi Av‡eM F AZxZ ¯§„wZ G wKQy Kivi B”Qv H Zxeª N„Yv‡eva
H †Zvgvi wgbv‡i Pwoqv fÊ Mv‡n ¯^v‡_©i Rq|
9. ÔÔ†mme Kvnvi Rš§ wbY©q b RvwbÓÑKwe Ave`yj nvwKg Kv‡`i m¤•‡K© G
22. Ô†Kv‡bv gvbyl nVvr AvkvZxZ KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i|ÕÑÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K Dw³wU
Dw³wU K‡i‡Qb? †K K‡i‡Q?
E †`wk fvlvi cÖwZ hv‡`i AbyivM †bB|
E Zv‡niv F nv‡kg Avwj G ewncxi H nv‡Zg Avwj
F evsjvq Rš§MÖnY K‡i hviv evsjv fvlv‡K N„Yv K‡i|
23. myfv mvavi‡Yi `„wóc_ †_‡K wb‡R‡K †Mvcb ivL‡Z m‡Pó wQj †Kb?
 G †`wk fvlvq we`¨v jvf K‡i hviv Z…ß bq|
E wcZvgvZvi bxie ü`qZvi †f‡e F weavZvi Awfkvc ¯^i–c g‡b K‡i
H wbR †`k Z¨vM K‡i hviv we‡`‡k hvq|
 G Zv‡`i‡K GK-N‡i Ki‡Z Pvq e‡j H †m gv‡qi Mf© Kj¼ÑG K_v g‡b K‡i
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 10 I 11bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 24. ÔRyZv-Avwe®‹viÕ KweZvwU †Kvb Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K msKwjZ n‡q‡Q?
Ôg‡nkÕ M‡íi Mdzi eªvþY ZK©i‡Zœi cv‡qi Kv‡Q ewmqv Kvnb-`yB Lo avi E wPÎv F ejvKv G Kíbv H ¶wYKv
Pvwn‡Z †M‡j ZK©i Zœ Zxier wcQvBqv wMqv Kwn‡jb, ÔAv gi, Qy‡ q †djwe bv wK?Õ 25. ÔAvR Avgv‡`i †mB kw³‡K fzwj‡j Pwj‡e bvÕÑej‡Z †evSv‡bv n‡q‡QÑ
10. DÏxc‡Ki ZK©i‡Zœi AvPi‡Y ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡íi †Kvb w`KwU dz‡ U D‡V‡Q? i. mf¨Zvi Dbœq‡b cÖvK… ZR‡bi Ae`vb ii. †`kMV‡b AvgRbZvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
E mvgš@ev` F RvwZ‡f` G wbcxob H cYcÖ_v
iii. RvwZMV‡b mvaviY gvby‡li Myi“Z¡
11. D³ w`KwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q †h ev‡K¨Ñ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i. gy‡L GKUz by‡ov †R‡j wb‡q b`xi Povq gvwU †`‡M
E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii
ii. me e¨vUvivB GLb evgyb-Kv‡qZ n‡Z Pvq|
26. ÔP‡Kvi Pvq P›`ªgvq Avgiv PvB gy» †PvLÕÑ PiYwU‡Z Sibvi †Kvb i–c dz‡ U D‡V‡Q?
iii. `y‡ji govi KvV Kx n‡e kywb?
E †mŠ›`h©wcÖqZv F Q›`gqZv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?  G MwZgqZv H Kíbv-wejvwmZv
E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii
27. ÔAvwg hvi Zvi Kv‡Q nvZ cvwZ bvÕÑeyavi GB Dw³‡Z Kx cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q?
12. Ô`ywbqvUv g¯@ GK cix¶v‡¶ÎÕÑÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K Dw³wU †K K‡i‡Q?
E mvnwmKZv F Ans‡eva G AvÍgh©v`v‡eva H Zvw”Qjfve
E ewncxi F nv‡Zg Avwj G nv‡kg Avwj H †Lv‡`Rv
13. Ô†m †hb Qvqvgqx gvbex|ÕÑggZvw` m¤•‡K© †jL‡Ki G gš@‡e¨i KviY  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 28 I 29bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
n‡jv, ggZvw`iÑ Ôwba©b Kvgbv K‡i, kZ gy`ªv nq Zvi/mnmª cvB‡Z Avkv, GKkZ Av‡Q hvi|
i. †gŠbZv ii. †jŠwKKZv iii. Kg©wbôv cvB‡j nvRvi, B”Qv j¶cwZ nBevi,/kZj¶ cvq mva, j¶cwZ whwb Zvi|Õ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 28. KweZvs‡ki fve Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi †hw`KwU Zz‡j a‡i Zv n‡jvÑ
E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii E †jdvdv `yiw¯@ F cÖvwY‡Z¡i euvab †_‡K gyw³
14. gvB‡Kj gaym–`b `Ë K‡cvZv¶ b‡`i Kv‡Q Kx wgbwZ K‡i‡Qb?  G RxemËvi N‡ii wek„¸Ljv H A_©wPš@vi wbM‡o mevi ew›``kv
E wbiewa e‡q Pj‡Z F e½R R‡bi Kv‡b Mvb MvB‡Z 29. D³ w`K Avgv‡`i‡KÑ
 G cÖRvi–‡c ivRv‡K Ki w`‡Z H †cÖgfv‡e Zuv‡K ¯§iY Ki‡Z i. RxemËvi N‡i Ave× iv‡L ii. g–j¨‡ev‡ai RvMiY NUvq
15. wb‡Pi †Kvb PwiÎwU cwjÐgv‡qi kvk¦Z i–c n‡q D‡V‡Q? iii. gyw³i ¯^v` ewÂZ K‡i
E Rvnvbviv Bgvg F AfvMx G me©Rqv H †Lv‡`Rv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
16. Kv‡`i †Pnviv eyavi ey‡Ki †fZi †Mu‡_ Av‡Q? E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii
E hviv K‡jivq gviv †M‡Q F hviv MÖvg †Q‡o cvwj‡q‡Q 30. ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕÑKweZvq ¯^v RvZ¨‡eva cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q wb‡Pi †Kvb ev‡K¨?
 G hviv wgwjUvwi‡`i mvnvh¨ Ki‡Q H hviv wgwjUvwii Mywj‡Z gviv †M‡Q E Avwg Zvi wPi‡Pbv ¯^Rb GKRb
17. ÔˆeivM¨ mva‡b gyw³, †m Avgvi bq, F Zviv Rv‡b Avwg †Kv‡bv AbvÍxq bB
AmsL¨ eÜbgv‡S gnvb›`gq  G †Lv`vi Kmg Avwg wfb‡`kx cw_K bB
jwfe gyw³i ¯^v`|Õ H Avwg GB DavI b`xi gy» GK A‡eva evjK

 Lvwj NiMy‡jv‡Z †cbwmj w`‡q DËiMy‡jv †j‡Lv| Gici QR †Kv‡W cÖ`Ë DËigvjvi mv‡_ wgwj‡q †`‡Lv †Zvgvi DËiMy‡jv mwVK wK bv|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
DËi

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  53

PÆMÖvg †evW©Ñ2024
evsjv cÖ_g cÎ (m„Rbkxj cÖkœ) †mU : 01
[2024 mv‡ji wm‡jevm Abyhvqx] welq †KvW : 1 0 1
mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU c–Y©gvb : 70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c–Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcKMy‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i c‡ov Ges mswkÐó cÖkœMy‡jvi DËi `vI| K wefvM (M`¨) n‡Z
Kgc‡¶ `ywU, L wefvM (KweZv) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ `ywU, M wefvM (Dcb¨vm) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwU Ges N wefvM (bvUK) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwU K‡i †gvU
mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e| GKB cÖ‡kœi Dˇi mvay I PwjZ fvlvixwZi wgkÖY `–lYxq|]
K wefvM : M`¨
1| (i) byb Avb‡Z cvš@v dz‡ivq,
Pvj Avb‡Z Wvj,
gv‡mi g‡a¨I †Kbv n‡q I‡V bv;
Av`v †cuqvR Avi Svj|
(ii) Avgiv KÕRb `yóz †Q‡ji `j,
Mv‡Qi Zjvq M‡owQ †gv‡`i Av¯@vbv
cvVkvjvi kvmb eviY †f‡OwQ †gjv,
e‡ov w`wNi cvwb‡Z fvwm‡qwQ †fjv|
K. †f‡iÛvKPvi †eov Kx? 1
L. ÔZzB †Zv GKUv nvev †Q‡jÕÑG K_v ejvi KviY eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxcK (i)-G ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi †h wPÎ aiv c‡o‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡K (i)-†K Qvwc‡q DÏxcK (ii)-Gi gg©v_© †hb ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡í cÖvavb¨ we¯@vi K‡i‡QÑ gš@e¨wU wePvi K‡iv| 4
2| Kvjvg cvV¨eB‡qi cvkvcvwk wewfbœ eB co‡Z fv‡jvev‡m| Aemi mg‡q †m bvbv iKg eB c‡o| †m g‡b K‡i Ab¨vb¨ eB co‡j Zvi Áv‡bi ivR¨ A‡bK
†ewk mg„× n‡e| †m eB covi AvMÖn †_‡K †Rjv miKvwi MYMÖš’vMv‡ii m`m¨ nq| Zvi gv KL‡bv Zv‡K evav bv w`‡jI evevmn Ab¨vb¨ AvÍxq-¯^Rb
welqwU fv‡jv †Pv‡L †`‡L bv| Zuviv g‡b K‡i fv‡jv djvdj K‡i Rxe‡b cÖwZwôZ n‡Z n‡j kyaygvÎ cvV¨eB covB evÃbxq|
K. cÖ_g †PŠayixi mvwnwZ¨K QÙbvg Kx? 1
L. mvwnZ¨PP©vi Rb¨ jvB‡eªwii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K Kvjv‡gi evev I Ab¨vb¨ AvÍxq‡`i gvbwmKZvq ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †h fve dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔDÏxc‡Ki Kvjvg †hb ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki gvbmcyÎ|ÓÑgš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv wePvi K‡iv| 4
3| `„k¨cU-1 :
ÔZzwg hv‡e fvB-hv‡e †gvi mv‡_ Avgv‡`i †Qv‡Uv Muvq,
Mv‡Qi Qvqvq e‡bi jZvq D`vmx e‡bi evq;
gvqv ggZvq RovRwo Kwi
†gvi †MnLvwb iwnqv‡Q fwi|Õ
`„k¨cU-2 :
iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi Zuvi ÔcyivZb f…Z¨Õ KweZvq cyivZb f…Z¨ †Kó m¤•‡K© e‡j‡QbÑ
Òe‡ov cÖ‡qvRb WvwK cÖvYcY wPrKvi Kwi Ô†KóvÕ
hZ Kwi Zvov bvwn cvB mvov, Lyu‡R wdwi mviv †`kUv|
wZbLvb w`‡j GKLvbv iv‡L, evwK †Kv_v bvwn Rv‡b;
GKLvbv w`‡j wb‡gl †dwj‡Z wZbLvbv K‡i Av‡b|Ó
K. Ôi“RÕ Kx? 1
L. ÔkxZKvjUv Avwg cvbwk‡iB KvUveÕÑeywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. `„k¨cU-1-Gi mv‡_ ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbvi mv`„k¨c–Y© fvewU eY©bv K‡iv| 3
N. Ò`„k¨cU-2-Gi †Kóvi wecixZ ˆewkó¨B ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ M‡íi Ave`yi ingvb Pwi‡Îi e‡ovw`KÓ we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
4| ˆmK‡Zi evev LvMovQwo †Rjvi eb wefv‡Mi Kg©KZ©v| GmGmwm cix¶v †k‡l †m evevi Kv‡Q LvMovQwo †eov‡Z hvq| †mLv‡b R½jve„Ë cvnvwo
cwi‡ek| weKvj n‡Z bv n‡ZB ey‡bv gkv‡`i Dc`ªe kyi“ nq| Pviw`‡K †W½y R¡‡ii QovQwo †hb ˆbwgwËK e¨vcvi| iv‡Zi AÜKvi bvg‡jB †kvbv
hvq wewfbœ eb¨ cÖvYxi WvK| f‡q Mv QgQg K‡i Zvi| Av‡Q mv‡ci fqI| w`‡bi †ejv‡ZI GKvKx evB‡i †eov‡bv hvq bv| G Ae¯’v fv‡jv
jv‡M bv Zvi| ZvB K‡qK w`b †h‡Z bv †h‡ZB †m wbR evmv XvKvq wd‡i Avm‡Z Pvq|
K. gnvb›` Kx? 1
L. G‡K ewj wbqwZ? K_vwU eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔwbqwZÕ M‡íi mv`„k¨c–Y© w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔwbqwZÕ M‡íi g–j e³e¨‡K aviY Ki‡Z cv‡iwbÓÑgš@e¨wUi mv_©KZv wePvi K‡iv| 4
L wefvM : KweZv
5| DÏxcK-1 : Avgvi †h‡Z B‡”Q K‡i
b`xwUi IB cv‡i
†h_vq av‡i av‡i
euv‡ki †LuvUvq wWwO †bŠKv
euvav mv‡i mv‡i|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  54
DÏxcK-2 : I‡Mv Avgvi Rš§f‚wg, I‡Mv Aci–cv
wd‡i Kx Avi cv‡ev †Zvgvq?
G we‡`k, wef‚u‡q †Zvgv‡i ¯§wi Avbg‡b
AuvwL gywQ mhZ‡b
Zey Avkv cvwi bv Qvwo‡Z,
†eu‡a †i‡L‡Qv †h gv, †Zvgvi †øn‡Wv‡i|
K. ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi Aó‡Ki wgj web¨vm Kx? 1
L. ÔRyovB G Kvb Avwg åvwš@i Qj‡bÕÑPiYwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxcK-1-G ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwU mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔDÏxcK-2 I ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq Kwei g‡bvfve GKB m–‡Î Muv_v|ÓÑwe‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
6| kwdK XvKvq GKwU †Kv¤•vwb‡Z bvBUMv‡W©i PvKwi K‡i| mܨv †_‡K †fvi ch©š@ Zvi wWDwU| mviv ivZ †Kv¤•vwbi gvjvgv‡ji cvnvov`vixi
Myi“`vwqZ¡ †m wek¦¯@Zvi mv‡_ cvjb K‡i| Qq gvm cici †m QywU‡Z evwo Av‡m| G w`‡K Zvi ¯¿x-mš@v‡biv Zvi c_ †P‡q e‡m _v‡K| K‡e †m
wdi‡e| ¯^vgxi K_v fve‡Z fve‡Z Zvi ¯¿xi K‡Zv wbNy©g ivZ Kv‡U|
K. AevK iv‡Zi Zviviv Kxfv‡e Pvq? 1
L. ÔRxe‡bi me ivw·K Iiv wK‡b‡Q Aí `v‡gÕ PviYwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K kwd‡Ki ¯¿xi g‡a¨ ÔivbviÕ KweZvi †h w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔDÏxc‡Ki kwdK ÔivbviÕ KweZvq ivbv‡ii cÖwZ”Qwe n‡q I‡VwbÓÑgš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
7| ¯@eK-1 : Iiv Mwie Iiv wbt¯^ cvq bv `y‡ejv †L‡Z
Iiv `ye©j fxi“-Kvcyi“l cvi‡e bv gv_v Zz‡j `uvov‡Z|
¯@eK-2 : G gvwUi Z‡j Nygv‡q‡Q Aweivg
iwdK, kwdK, eiKZ KZ bvg|
KZ wZZzgxi KZ Cmv Lvb
w`‡q‡Q Rxeb †`qwb †Zv gvb|
K. Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvq wPi KweZvi †`k ejv n‡q‡Q Kv‡K? 1
L. ÔKweZvi nv‡Z ivB‡djÕ Øviv Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. ¯@eK-1-Gi mv‡_ Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvi fveMZ wgj e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Ô¯@eK-2-Gi †PZbvB Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvi g–j wfwËÕÑg–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
M wefvM : Dcb¨vm
8| WvKvwZqv b`x‡Z Uªjvi Wz‡e gviv hvq Avj‡gi gv-evev| NUbvµ‡g evwo‡Z _vKvq †eu‡P hvq Avjg I Zvi †Qv‡Uv †evb mvw`qv| Amnvq Avjg
†ev‡bi gy‡Li w`‡K ZvwK‡q †gvUi M¨v‡i‡R KvR †bq| NUbv ky‡b M¨v‡i‡Ri gvwj‡Ki ¯¿x Zv‡`i‡K evwo‡Z †W‡K †bq| Zv‡`i Avi M¨v‡iR KvR
Ki‡Z nqwb| gvwjK I Zuvi ¯¿xi †ønv`‡i Zviv `yR‡bB GLb †jLvcov wkL‡Q|
K. eyavi Kx †L‡j eyK f‡i? 1
L. ÔAevK nq Kzwš@Õ †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Uªjvi Wzwei NUbvwU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h NUbvi mv‡_ m½wZc–Y© Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi PvwP hw` DÏxc‡Ki M¨v‡i‡Ri gvwjK I Zvi ¯¿xi g‡Zv n‡Zv Zvn‡j eyav‡K GZUv Amnvq Rxebhvcb Ki‡Z n‡Zv
bvÓÑgš@e¨wU g–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
9| cvKnvbv`vi evwnbxi wbg©g AZ¨vPvi I nZ¨vhÁ †_‡K wbwPš@cyievmx‡K i¶vi Rb¨ Suvwc‡q c‡ob ¯‹zj wk¶K Rvjvj wgqv| wZwb †Mwijv evwnbx
MVb K‡i cvK‡mbv‡`i †PK‡cv÷ I K¨v¤• BZ¨vw`‡Z SwUKv AvµgY K‡i m‡i co‡Zb| †Mwijv evwnbxi `ytmvnwmK wewfbœ Acv‡ikb
cvK‡mbv‡`i Nyg nvivg K‡i †`q| G‡Z w¶ß n‡q cvKnvbv`vi evwnbx Rvjvj wgqvi evwoNi R¡vwj‡q †`q| Ggb wK Zuvi e„× wcZv-gvZvmn
¯^Rb‡`i Mywj K‡i nZ¨v K‡i| ¯^Rb nviv‡bvi e¨_v wb‡q Rvjvj wgqv wm×vš@ †bb †h, weR‡qi wbkvb Dwo‡qB wZwb MÖv‡g wdi‡eb|
K. eyav‡K †Mvei ivRv e‡j Wv‡K †K? 1
L. Avnv` gywÝi †PvL jvj n‡q I‡V †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K cvKnvbv`vi evwnbxi Kg©Kv‡Ê ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv eY©bv K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔDÏxc‡Ki Rvjvj wgqv I ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav GKB Av`‡k©i aviKÓÑwe‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
N wefvM : bvUK
10| Avjx mv‡ne we‡q K‡i‡Qb `k eQi n‡jv| wKš‘ wZwb GLbI wbtmš@vb| mvZ-cuvP †f‡e Avjx mv‡n‡ei gv dwK‡ii KvQ †_‡K cvwb cov Av‡bb|
G‡Z Avjx mv‡ne ivM Ki‡j Zuvi gv e‡jb, Giv AvjÐvni wcÖq ev›`v, mKj Am¤¢e‡K m¤¢e Ki‡Z cv‡i| evev PvB‡j wbðqB Ni Av‡jvwKZ K‡i
mš@vb Avm‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ Avjx mv‡ne cov cvwb bv †L‡q we‡klÁ Wv³v‡ii Kv‡Q hvb|
K. ÔÔAvgv‡K AK…ZÁ fve‡eb bvÓÑDw³wU Kvi? 1
L. nv‡kg `yB nv‡Z gyL †X‡K Kuv`‡Z kyi“ K‡i †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z Avjx mv‡n‡ei gv ÔewncxiÕ bvUK‡Ki †Kvb Pwi‡Îi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c–Y©? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔcwiw¯’wZ wfwbœ n‡jI DÏxc‡Ki Avjx mv‡ne I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg GKB †PZbvq D¾xweZÓÑgš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv hvPvB K‡iv| 4
11| Kwji gv‡qi g„Zz¨i ci Zvi evev wØZxq we‡q K‡i| Kwj cov‡kvbv K‡i wb‡Ri cv‡q `uvov‡Z Pvq| wKš‘ Kwji mr gv I Zvi evev †Rvi K‡i GK
e„‡×i mv‡_ we‡q wVK K‡i| wK‡kvix Kwj eva¨ n‡q we`¨vj‡qi wk¶K‡K Rvbvq| wk¶K AvB‡bi AvkÖq wb‡q Kwji we‡q eÜ K‡ib| Zv‡K
bZzb Rxe‡bi mÜvb †`b| Kwji evevI Zvi fzj eyS‡Z cv‡i|
K. ewncx‡ii cÖ_g ¯¿x KZ eQi Av‡M gviv hvb? 1
L. ÔAvwg †hb evZ©vevnKÕ eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Kwj ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †h Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔDÏxc‡K we`¨vj‡qi wk¶K Ges ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg mg‡PZbvq wek¦vmxÕÕÑg–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  55

DËigvjv
eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶v
1 N 2 L 3 N 4 L 5 K 6 M 7 N 8 M 9 L 10 L 11 N 12 K 13 L 14 N 15 M
DËi

16 N 17 K 18 K 19 L 20 M 21 K 22 M 23 L 24 M 25 N 26 K 27 M 28 N 29 L 30 K

m„Rbkxj
cÖkœ  01 (i) byb Avb‡Z cvš@v dz‡ivq,
Pvj Avb‡Z Wvj,
gv‡mi g‡a¨I †Kbv n‡q I‡V bv;
Av`v †cuqvR Avi Svj|
(ii) Avgiv KÕRb `yóz †Q‡ji `j,
Mv‡Qi Zjvq M‡owQ †gv‡`i Av¯@vbv
cvVkvjvi kvmb eviY †f‡OwQ †gjv,
e‡ov w`wNi cvwb‡Z fvwm‡qwQ †fjv|
K. †f‡iÛvKPvi †eov Kx? 1
L. ÔZzB †Zv GKUv nvev †Q‡jÕÑG K_v ejvi KviY eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxcK (i)-G ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi †h wPÎ aiv c‡o‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡K (i)-†K Qvwc‡q DÏxcK (ii)-Gi gg©v_© †hb ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡í cÖvavb¨ we¯@vi K‡i‡QÑ gš@e¨wU wePvi K‡iv| 4
1bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h †f‡iÛvKPvi †eov ej‡Z GiÛ ev †iwo Mv‡Qi †eov‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
i Avg Rviv‡bvi Rb¨ †Zj Avbvi mgq mveavbZv cÖm‡½ fr©mbv K‡i `yM©v Acy‡K GK_v e‡jwQj|
cUwj‡`i evMvb †_‡K Av‡gi Kzwk Kzwo‡q G‡bwQj `yM©v| †mMy‡jv Rviv‡bvi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZ PjwQj| wKš‘ `yM©v evMv‡b evMv‡b Ny‡i
†ewo‡q‡Q- †m ivbœv N‡i †h‡Z cvi‡e bv| ZLb †m fvB Acyi mvnvh¨ Pvq, Z‡e mevi Av‡M wQj mveavb evYx| gv †h‡bv eyS‡Z bv cv‡i|
†mRb¨ mveav‡b †bevi Rb¨ Acy‡K ejv n‡qwQj| †Zj †bevi mgq hw` wb‡P c‡o hvq †Zv gv ey‡S †dj‡e| ZLb gv‡qi Kv‡Q eKzwb
GgbwK gviI †L‡Z n‡Z cv‡i| GRb¨ `yM©v Acy‡K e‡j mveav‡b †Zj wb‡q Avmwe| †h‡bv wb‡P bv c‡o| GiciI `yM©vi Av¯’v wQj bv
Acyi cÖwZ| Avi †m Av¯’vnxbZvi Rb¨ `yM©v Acyi D‡Ï‡k¨ e‡j Ñ ÒZzB †Zv GKwU nvev †Q‡j|Ó
Dˇii g–jK_v : fvB‡qi Am‡PZbZv ev nvev‡Mvev ¯^fv‡ei Rb¨ `yM©v GK_v e‡jwQj|
j DÏxcK (i)-G ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi Afve ˆ`b¨‡K Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q|
MÖvgxb Rxe‡bi bvbv Uvbv †cv‡ov‡bi ga¨ w`‡q ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi Kvwnwb MwZ cÖvß n‡q‡Q| M‡í evwoi KZ©v nwini †Mvg¯@vi KvR
K‡i RxexKvwbe©vn Ki‡Zv| KL‡bv KL‡bv †m UvKv `ywZb gvm cici cvIqv †h‡Zv| Gw`‡K msmv‡i Afve AbUb †j‡MB _vK‡Zv| nwini
Avq-†ivRMvi Avi bZzb bZzb Kv‡Ri mÜv‡b Ny‡i †eov‡Zv| Ab¨w`‡K me©Rqv msmv‡i Ave× †_‡K mvwe©K cwiw¯’wZi †gvKvwejv K‡iB
Zv‡K Pj‡Z n‡Zv| †hLv‡b `y‡Uv Wvj-fv‡Zi ms¯’vbB wbwðZ bq, †mLv‡b mš@vb‡`i Ave`vi, †jŠwKKZv, AvPvi Abyôvb Gme mvg‡j
Pjv me©Rqvi Rb¨ LyeB `yi–n wQj| byb Avb‡Z cvbZv †dviv‡bvi msmvi evowZ wQj F‡Yi †evSv| gv‡mi ci gvm †cwi‡q †M‡jI †m FY
†kva Kivi †Kv‡bv my‡hvM wgj‡Q bv| mš@v‡bi †cvkvK wQ‡o hvIqv Zvi mv‡_ †hvM n‡q‡Q| me©Rqv ¯^vgx‡K Ggb e‡j‡Q †h, ÔAvgvi Ggb
n‡q‡Q †h B‡”Q K‡i GKw`‡K †ewi‡q hvBÕÑ G e‡ov AmnvqZ¡| GKUv cwiev‡ii M„nKZ…©i gy‡L hLb Ggb Awfe¨w³ dz‡U I‡V ZLb Avi
eyS‡Z evwK _v‡K bv msmv‡ii cÖK…Z Ae¯’v| wVK †ZgbB GKwU wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q DÏxcK (i)-G| msmv‡ii ev gvby‡li Rxe‡bi †gŠwjK
Pvwn`v †Zv `–‡ii K_v †Kej Abœ †hvMv‡bvi my‡hvMI hLb _v‡K bv ZLb Zv mwZ¨B nZvkvi, †e`bvi I Amnvq‡Z¡i| GLv‡b M‡íi cwievi
I DÏxcK we‡klfv‡e m¤•K©h³ y | Dfq †¶‡ÎB msmvi Rxe‡bi Pig AmnvqZ¡ cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| Afve ˆ`‡b¨i cÖfv‡e c‡o gvby‡li
ˆ`bw›`b Rxeb Kxfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯@ nq ZviB DrK…ó wPÎ ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ MíwU| †mBmv‡_ cÖvmw½KZv †c‡q‡Q DwÏc‡K (i) I|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxcK (i)-G msmvi Rxe‡bi Afve, ˆ`b¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q, hv M‡íi mv‡_ m¤•K©h³
y |
k ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi cÖvY n‡”Q cÖK…wZ Avi †m cÖK…wZi AvkÖ‡q `–iš@ wK‡kvi wK‡kvixi Qy‡U Pjv, †hwU DÏxcK (ii)-Gi mv‡_ m¤•K©h³
y |
M‡í MÖvgxY Rxeb cÖK…wZNwbô `yB fvB-†ev‡bi ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi AvL¨vb ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Avi DÏxcK (ii)-Gi gg©v_© †mwUB| cÖK…wZ I Zvi AvkÖq
cÖk‡Ö q †e‡o IVv Rxeb I PwiÎ Df‡qiB g–j Abym½| M‡í Acy-`yM©vi ˆkke nZ`wi`ª Ae¯’vi g‡a¨ w`‡q †M‡jI Zvi cÖfve Acy-`yM©vi Rxe‡b
c‡owb; eis Ab›`c–Y© Rxe‡bi Ave‡n Zviv Lye m”Q‡›` †e‡o D‡V‡Q|
c¶vš@‡i DÏxcK (i)-G Afve AbU‡bi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| †hUv ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucÕy M‡íi GKwU AcÖavb w`K ev Acy-`yM©vi cÖK…wZ Nwbô
RxebvPi‡Yi Kv‡Q A‡bKUv èvb g‡b nq| eis e‡b e‡b Ny‡i MÖvgxY djdjvw` †c‡o LvIqvi Avb›` I wewPÎ welq wb‡q Zv‡`i †h we¯§q
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  56
I †KŠZ‚nj Zv Avgv‡`i wPivPwiZ ˆkke‡KB g‡b Kwi‡q †`q| wVK †hgbwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q DÏxcK (ii)-G GLv‡b †cÖ¶vcU wfbœ n‡jI
cÖK…wZi RqMvb Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖK…wZi AvkÖ‡q ˆkke KvUv‡bvi welq ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| ej‡Z †M‡j GUvB MÖvgxY Rxe‡bi myL I †mŠ›`h©| †h
†mŠ›`‡h©i iO †g‡L Acy-`yM©v e‡ov n‡q‡Q| Avi DÏxc‡K (ii) ZviB mg_©b K‡i| ZvB GK_v cÖvmw½K †h, DÏxcK (ii)-Gi ggv_©
ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡í cÖvavb¨ we¯@vi K‡i‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : M‡í Afve ˆ`b¨ †_‡KI cÖK…wZNwbôZv cÖvavb¨ †c‡q‡Q| Avi †mwUB M‡íi cÖvY|
cÖkœ  02 Kvjvg cvV¨eB‡qi cvkvcvwk wewfbœ eB co‡Z fv‡jvev‡m| Aemi mg‡q †m bvbv iKg eB c‡o| †m g‡b K‡i Ab¨vb¨ eB
co‡j Zvi Áv‡bi ivR¨ A‡bK †ewk mg„× n‡e| †m eB covi AvMÖn †_‡K †Rjv miKvwi MYMÖš’vMv‡ii m`m¨ nq| Zvi gv KL‡bv Zv‡K
evav bv w`‡jI evevmn Ab¨vb¨ AvÍxq-¯^Rb welqwU fv‡jv †Pv‡L †`‡L bv| Zuviv g‡b K‡i fv‡jv djvdj K‡i Rxe‡b cÖwZwôZ n‡Z n‡j
kyaygvÎ cvV¨eB covB evÃbxq|
K. cÖ_g †PŠayixi mvwnwZ¨K QÙbvg Kx? 1
L. mvwnZ¨PP©vi Rb¨ jvB‡eªwii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K Kvjv‡gi evev I Ab¨vb¨ AvÍxq‡`i gvbwmKZvq ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †h fve dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔDÏxc‡Ki Kvjvg †hb ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki gvbmcyÎ|ÓÑgš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv wePvi K‡iv| 4
2bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h cÖg_ †PŠayixi mvwnwZ¨K QÙbvg exiej|
i eB cov A_©vr mvwnZ¨PP©vi Rb¨ jvB‡eªwi Acwinvh©|
jvB‡eªwi n‡jv Áv‡bi fvÛvi| GLv‡b weL¨vZ gbxlx‡`i †jLv eB _v‡K| ev¯@eZvi w`‡K ZvKv‡j Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †h, wewfbœ ai‡bi
PP©v wfbœ ¯’v‡b AbywôZ nq| †hgbÑ a‡g©i PP©v gw›`i wKsev gmwR‡`, `k©‡bi PP©v Mynvq, bxwZi PP©v N‡i Ges weÁv‡bi PP©v Rv`yN‡i|
wVK †Zgwb mvwn‡Z¨i PP©vi Rb¨ jvB‡eªwii †Kv‡bv weKí †bB|
Dˇii g–jK_v : eB cov A_©vr mvwnZ¨PP©vi Rb¨ jvB‡eªwi Acwinvh©|
j DÏxc‡Ki Kvjv‡gi evev I Zv‡`i Ab¨vb¨ AvÍxq-¯^Rb‡`i g‡a¨ ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü DwjÐwLZ mvwnZ¨PP©v m¤•‡K© Avgv‡`i MZvbyMwZK
aviYvi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü cÖvewÜK eB cov Z_v mvwnZ¨PP©vi Myi“Z¡ m¤•‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Ki‡Z wM‡q mvwnZ¨PP©v m¤•‡K© Avgv‡`i åvš@ aviYv‡K
D‡š§vPb K‡i‡Qb| wZwb AZ¨š@ †L‡`i m‡½ D‡jÐL K‡i‡Qb †h, Avgv‡`i †`‡k A_©Kix bq, Ggb †h‡Kv‡bv welq‡KB Avgiv Ab_©K g‡b
Kwi| mvwnZ¨PP©vI Gi e¨wZµg bq|
DÏxc‡Ki Kvjv‡gi evev I Ab¨vb¨ AvÍxq‡`i g‡Z, cix¶vq fv‡jv djvdj K‡i Rxe‡b cÖwZwôZ nIqvB cov‡jLvi g–j D‡Ïk¨| Avi
†h‡nZz mvwnZ¨ welqK eB cix¶vq fv‡jv djvd‡j mivmwi f‚wgKv iv‡L bv, ZvB G ai‡bi eB cov Zv‡`i `„wó‡Z A_© I mg‡qi AcPq
gvÎ| GKBfv‡e, ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡ÜI cÖvewÜK mvwnZ¨PP©v wel‡q Avgv‡`i msKxY© gvbwmKZvi ¯^i–c D‡š§vPb K‡i‡Qb| wZwb †`wL‡q‡Qb,
mivmwi Kv‡R Av‡m bv Ggb †h‡Kv‡bv wKQy‡KB Avgv‡`i †`‡k g–j¨nxb g‡b Kiv nq| G Kvi‡YB Avgv‡`i †`‡ki †ckv`viiv †ckvi mv‡_
mswkÐó eB cÖPzi wKb‡jI mvwn‡Z¨i eB wKb‡Z AvMÖnx bq| DÏxc‡Ki Kvjv‡gi evev I Zv‡`i AvÍxq‡`i gvbwmKZvq Av‡jvP¨ cÖe‡Ü
DwjÐwLZ mvwnZ¨PP©v m¤•‡K© Avgv‡`i GB MZvbyMwZK I msKxY© aviYvi w`KwUB dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Kvjv‡gi evev I Zv‡`i Ab¨vb¨ AvÍxq-¯^Rb‡`i g‡a¨ ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü DwjÐwLZ mvwnZ¨PP©v m¤•‡K© Avgv‡`i MZvbyMwZK
aviYvi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
k eB cov Z_v mvwnZ¨PP©vi Myi“Z¡ Dcjwäi w`K †_‡K ÒDÏxc‡Ki Kvjvg †hb ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki gvbmcyÎ|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU‡K
h_v_© e‡jB Avwg g‡b Kwi|
ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi cÖvewÜK g‡b K‡ib, Avgv‡`i wk¶v cÖwZôvb †_‡K jä wk¶v c–Y©v½ bq| Gi–c D‡Ïk¨ cÖ‡Yvw`Z wk¶vq wk¶v_©xi
h_v_© gvbwmK weKvk †Zv nq-B bv eis wk¶v_©xiv covi cÖwZ AvMÖnB nvwi‡q †d‡j| G‡¶‡Î cÖPwjZ wk¶vi evB‡i mvg_©¨ I i“wPgvwdK
mvwnZ¨PP©vi ga¨ w`‡q e¨w³ h_v_© wkw¶Z n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i|
DÏxc‡K Kvjvg bv‡gi GK AvÍm‡PZb e¨w³i K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| eB cov Z_v mvwnZ¨PP©vi Myi“Z¡ m¤•‡K© †m AeMZ| G Kvi‡Y Zvi evev
I Ab¨vb¨ AvÍxq-¯^Rb cvV¨eB‡qi evB‡i cov‡jLv‡K Ab_©K g‡b Ki‡jI wbR †Póvq †m mvwnZ¨PP©v K‡i| Zvi g‡Z, cvV¨eB‡qi
cvkvcvwk Ab¨vb¨ eB co‡j Zvi Áv‡bi cwiwa evo‡e Ges †m wb‡R‡K AviI mg„× Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Av‡jvP¨ ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡ÜI cÖvewÜK
mvwnZ¨PP©v m¤•‡K© GKBi–c g‡bvfve cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb|
ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü cÖvewÜK mvwnZ¨PP©v‡K †`‡L‡Qb mywkw¶Z nIqvi Dcvq wn‡m‡e| Zuvi g‡Z, †h‡nZz Avgv‡`i ¯‹zj-K‡jR †_‡K AwR©Z
wk¶v c–Y©v½ bq, †m‡nZz jvB‡eªwi‡Z wM‡q e¨w³ Zvi mvg_©¨ I AvMÖn Abyhvqx eB c‡o mywkw¶Z n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i| ZvQvov Avgv‡`i
g‡bvRvMwZK weKv‡kI mvwnZ¨PP©vi weKí †bB| G Kvi‡Y †kÖwY-†ckv wbwe©‡k‡l Avgv‡`i mvwnZ¨PP©vq g‡bv‡hvMx nIqv Avek¨K|
GKBfv‡e, DÏxc‡Ki KvjvgI cvV¨eB‡qi cvkvcvwk Ab¨vb¨ eB cov‡K Myi“Z¡c–Y© g‡b K‡i, hv Zvi e³‡e¨I cwijw¶Z nq| mvwnZ¨PP©v
m¤•‡K© Zvi Ggb g‡bvfve Av‡jvP¨ cÖe‡Üi cÖvew܇Ki fvebv‡KB Zz‡j a‡i| †m we‡ePbvq, cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_h_ A_©en|
Dˇii g–jK_v : eB cov Z_v mvwnZ¨PP©vi Myi“Z¡ Dcjwäi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki Kvjvg †hb ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki gvbmcyÎ|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  57

cÖkœ  03 `„k¨cU-1 :
ÔZzwg hv‡e fvB-hv‡e †gvi mv‡_ Avgv‡`i †Qv‡Uv Muvq,
Mv‡Qi Qvqvq e‡bi jZvq D`vmx e‡bi evq;
gvqv ggZvq RovRwo Kwi
†gvi †MnLvwb iwnqv‡Q fwi|Õ
`„k¨cU-2 :
iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi Zuvi ÔcyivZb f…Z¨Õ KweZvq cyivZb f…Z¨ †Kó m¤•‡K© e‡j‡QbÑ
Òe‡ov cÖ‡qvRb WvwK cÖvYcY wPrKvi Kwi Ô†KóvÕ
hZ Kwi Zvov bvwn cvB mvov, Ly‡u R wdwi mviv †`kUv|
wZbLvb w`‡j GKLvbv iv‡L, evwK †Kv_v bvwn Rv‡b;
GKLvbv w`‡j wb‡gl †dwj‡Z wZbLvbv K‡i Av‡b|Ó
K. Ôi“RÕ Kx? 1
L. ÔkxZKvjUv Avwg cvbwk‡iB KvUveÕÑeywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. `„k¨cU-1-Gi mv‡_ ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbvi mv`„k¨c–Y© fvewU eY©bv K‡iv| 3
N. Ò`„k¨cU-2-Gi †Kóvi wecixZ ˆewkó¨B ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ M‡íi Ave`yi ingvb Pwi‡Îi e‡ovw`KÓ we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
3bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h i“R n‡jv Mvj ivOv‡bvi cÖmvabx|
i Ave`yi ingv‡bi eY©bvg‡Z, †jLK kxZKvjxb mgqUv cvbwk‡i KvUv‡eb e‡j Av‡jvP¨ K_vwU e‡j‡Qb|
Ave`yi ingv‡bi eY©bv, Ôcvbwk‡i kxZKv‡j †m Kx eid c‡o! evB‡i †`L‡eb eid co‡Q, co‡Q co‡Q co‡QÑ `y w`b, wZb w`b, cuvP w`b,
mvZ w`b a‡i| Avcwb e‡mB Av‡Qb, Avi †`L‡Qb †P †ZŠi ed© eevi`Ñ Kx iKg eid c‡o|Õ ZLb †jLK e‡jb, Ônuv, Ave`yi ingvb †Zvgvi
K_vB mB| kxZKvjUv Avwg cvbwk‡iB KvUve|Õ
Dˇii g–jK_v : Ave`yi ingv‡bi eY©bvg‡Z kxZKvjxb mgqUv cvbwk‡i KvUv‡eb e‡j †jLK Av‡jvP¨ K_vwU e‡j‡Qb|
j `„k¨cU-1 Gi mv‡_ ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbvi Ave`yi ingv‡bi Rš§f‚wgcÖxwZ I Gi i–c eY©bvi w`KwU mv`„k¨c–Y©|
ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnwb‡Z †jLK AvdMvwb¯@vb _vKvKvjxb Zuvi wewPÎ AwfÁZvi K_v eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| †mLv‡b _vKvKvjxb AvMv Ave`yi
ingvb bv‡gi GK e¨w³ Zvi †`Lfv‡ji `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ wQj| †jL‡Ki m‡½ K_vcÖm‡½ †m Zvi Rš§f‚wg cvbwk‡ii g‡bvgy»Ki eY©bv
w`‡q †mLv‡b hvIqvi Rb¨ Zuv‡K wewbZ Aby‡iva Rvbvq|
DÏxc‡Ki `„k¨cU-1 Gi KweZvs‡k Kwe Zuvi wbRMÖv‡gi cÖvK…wZNwbô i–cwU‡K D‡š§vPb K‡i‡Qb| Kwei g‡Z, Zuv‡`i Awb›`¨ my›`i †Qv‡Uv
MÖvgwU Zi“”Qvqvq Av”Qvw`Z| Avi †mB g‡bvig cwi‡e‡ki Zuvi M„nLvwb †hb ggZvwm³ n‡q Av‡Q| Ggb gayi cwi‡e‡kB Kwe Zuvi eÜy‡K
mv‡_ hvIqvi Rb¨ Avgš¿Y Rvwb‡q‡Qb| GKBfv‡e ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnwbi Ave`yi ingvbI Zvi Rš§f‚wg cvbwk‡ii `–lYgy³ cÖK…wZ I
Zvi bqbvwfivg †mŠ›`‡h©i K_v Zz‡j a‡i †jLK‡K †mLv‡b hvIqvi Avgš¿Y Rvwb‡q‡Q| Ggb g‡bvfve Zv‡`i Rš§f‚wgcÖxwZ Ges Rš§f‚wgi
cÖwZ i–cgy»Zv‡KB Zz‡j a‡i| Gw`K †_‡K `„k¨cU-1 Gi mv‡_ Av‡jvP¨ iPbvi mv`„k¨ cÖZxqgvb nq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : `„k¨cU-1 Gi mv‡_ ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbvi Ave`yi ingv‡bi Rš§f‚wgcÖxwZ I Gi i–c eY©bvi w`KwU mv`„k¨c–Y©|
k Ò`„k¨cU-2 Gi †Kóvi wecixZ ˆewkó¨B ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbvi Ave`yi ingvb Pwi‡Îi e‡ov w`KÓÑ ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbv Ges DÏxc‡Ki
Av‡jv‡K gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbvq †jLK wbR AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K Zuvi AvdMvwb¯@vb åg‡Yi weeiY w`‡q‡Qb| †mLv‡b AvMv Ave`yi ingvb bv‡gi GK
e¨w³ †jL‡Ki †`Lfvj Ki‡Zb| †jLK Zvi Kg©wbôv I Avš@wiKZvq gy» nb|
DÏxc‡Ki `„k¨cU-2 Gi KweZvs‡k †Kóv bv‡gi GK A`vwqZ¡kxj M„nKg©xi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| Kv‡Ri cÖwZ Zvi †Zgb g‡bv‡hvM †bB|
eqm n‡q covq mewKQy wVKVvK g‡bI ivL‡Z cv‡ib bv †m| Ae¯’v Ggb †h wZbLvbv wRwmb Zv‡K ivL‡Z w`‡j GKLvbv iv‡L| Avi
evwK `ywUi †Kv‡bv nw`mB _v‡K bv| Av‡jvP¨ iPbvq M„nKg©x Ave`yi ingv‡bi Ae¯’v Gi m¤•–Y© wecixZ|
ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbvi Ab¨Zg PwiÎ AvdMvb Ave`yi ingvb| †jLK cÖwZ‡ekx †`k AvdMvwb¯@v‡b _vKvKv‡j Ave`yi ingvb Zuvi M„nK‡g©i
`vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ wQj| G mgq †m †jL‡Ki cÖwZ h‡_ó Avš@wiK I webqx wQj| kyay ZvB bq †m Zvi Dci Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ wbôvi mv‡_
myPvi“i–‡c m¤•bœ KiZ| msMZ Kvi‡YB Av‡jvP¨ iPbvwU‡Z †jLK Zvi f‚qmx cÖmsmv K‡i‡Qb| cÖ¶vš@‡i, `„k¨cU-2 Gi †Kóv
A`vwqZ¡kxj I M„nK‡g© AcUz| wb‡Ri Ici Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ †m h_vh_ cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, hv Av‡jvP¨ iPbvq Ave`yi ingv‡bi mv‡_ Zvi
ˆemv`„k¨ wb‡`©k K‡i| G we‡ePbvq cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_vh_|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Ò`„k¨cU-2 Gi †Kóvi wecixZ ˆewkó¨B ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbvi Ave`yi ingvb Pwi‡Îi e‡ov w`KÓÑ ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbv Ges DÏxc‡Ki
Av‡jv‡K gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  58

cÖkœ  04 ˆmK‡Zi evev LvMovQwo †Rjvi eb wefv‡Mi Kg©KZ©v| GmGmwm cix¶v †k‡l †m evevi Kv‡Q LvMovQwo †eov‡Z hvq|
†mLv‡b R½jve„Ë cvnvwo cwi‡ek| weKvj n‡Z bv n‡ZB ey‡bv gkv‡`i Dc`ªe kyi“ nq| Pviw`‡K †W½y R¡‡ii QovQwo †hb ˆbwgwËK
e¨vcvi| iv‡Zi AÜKvi bvg‡jB †kvbv hvq wewfbœ eb¨ cÖvYxi WvK| f‡q Mv QgQg K‡i Zvi| Av‡Q mv‡ci fqI| w`‡bi †ejv‡ZI
GKvKx evB‡i †eov‡bv hvq bv| G Ae¯’v fv‡jv jv‡M bv Zvi| ZvB K‡qK w`b †h‡Z bv †h‡ZB †m wbR evmv XvKvq wd‡i Avm‡Z Pvq|
K. gnvb›` Kx? 1
L. G‡K ewj wbqwZ? K_vwU eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔwbqwZÕ M‡íi mv`„k¨c–Y© w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔwbqwZÕ M‡íi g–j e³e¨‡K aviY Ki‡Z cv‡iwbÓÑgš@e¨wUi mv_©KZv wePvi K‡iv| 4
4bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h gnvb›` ej‡Z ¯‹z‡ji hš¿Yv †_‡K gyw³ cvIqvi Avb›`‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
i cÖ‡kœv³ K_vwU Øviv DcKvix KzKziwUi wbg©g cwiYwZ‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
GKw`b gw›`‡ii PvZv‡j †Ljvi mgq †jL‡Ki †Qv‡Uv fvB‡qi mvg‡b GKwU welv³ mvc P‡j Av‡m| GgZve¯’vq †e½j UvBMvi bv‡gi
KzKziwU mc© `sk‡bi wkKvi n‡q †jL‡Ki †Qv‡Uv fvB‡K euvPvq| wKš‘ mv‡ci Kvg‡oi welwµqvq KzKziwUi kixi cu‡P M‡j †h‡Z _v‡K|
Ae‡k‡l fqven hš¿Yv †_‡K KzKziwU‡K gyw³ w`‡Z †jL‡Ki evev Zv‡K Mywj K‡i nZ¨v K‡ib| ZvB DcKvix KzKziwUi Ggb ü`q we`viK
cwiYwZi cÖwZ Bw½Z K‡i Avd‡mv‡mi m‡½ †jL‡Ki evev cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wUi AeZviYv K‡ib|
Dˇii g–jK_v : cÖ‡kœv³ K_vwU Øviv DcKvix KzKziwUi wbg©g cwiYwZ‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
j DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔwbqwZÕ M‡íi mv`„k¨c–Y© w`KwU n‡jv wec`msKzj I eb¨ cwi‡ek|
ÔwbqwZÕ M‡í †jLK Zvi evj¨Kv‡ji ¯§„wZPviY K‡i‡Qb| evevi Kg©¯’‡ji cwieZ©b n‡j †jLKiv mcwiev‡ii RM`j bvgK ¯’v‡b P‡j
Av‡mb| †mLv‡b R½j‡Niv GKwU cwiZ¨³ ivRevwo‡Z Zv‡`i _vKvi e¨e¯’v nq| †mLv‡b cÖvqB eb¨ Rš‘-Rv‡bvqv‡ii WvK †kvbv †hZ|
ZvQvov g¨v‡jwiqvi msµgY wQj ˆbgwËK NUbv|
DÏxc‡Ki ˆmK‡Zi evev LvMovQwo †Rjvq eb wefv‡M PvKwi K‡ib| GmGmwm cix¶vi ci ˆmKZ ZvB LvMovQwo‡Z evevi Kv‡Q †eov‡Z
hvq| †mLvbKvi eb¨ cwi‡e‡k gkv‡`i Dc`ªe wQj AZ¨š@ †ewk| ZvQvov iv‡Zi †ejvq †mLv‡b wewfbœ eb¨ Rš‘i AvIqvRI †kvbv †hZ|
Ggb wec` msKzj cwi‡ek fv‡jv jv‡Mwb e‡j Aíw`‡bi g‡a¨B ˆmKZ XvKvq wd‡i Avm‡Z Pvq| GKBfv‡e ÔwbqwZÕ M‡íI †jLK RM`‡j
_vKvKvjxb wec`msKzj eb¨ cwi‡e‡ki eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb| Gw`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔwbqwZÕ M‡íi mv`„k¨ j¶¨ Kiv hvq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔwbqwZÕ M‡íi mv`„k¨c–Y© w`KwU n‡jv wec`msKzj I eb¨ cwi‡ek|
k ÒDÏxcKwU ÔwbqwZÕ M‡íi g–j e³e¨‡K aviY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_© e‡jB Avwg g‡b Kwi|
ÔwbqwZÕ M‡í †jLK GKwU †cvlv KzKz‡ii cÖfzfw³i Abb¨ bwRi Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| †hLv‡b †jL‡Ki †Qv‡Uv fvB‡K mv‡ci Kvg‡oi nvZ †_‡K
euvPv‡Z KzKziwU wb‡Ri Rxeb‡K wecbœ K‡i| GQvovI MíwUi †klvs‡k †jL‡Ki evevi Mywj‡Z DcKvix KzKziwUi g„Zz¨ MíwU‡Z A`„‡ói
wbôzi cwinvm‡KB Avgv‡`i mvg‡b Zz‡j a‡i|
DÏxc‡Ki ˆmK‡Zi evev LvMovQwo †Rjvi eb wefv‡Mi Kg©KZ©v| Avi ZvB GmGmwm cix¶vi ci ˆmKZ †mLv‡b †eov‡Z hvq| wKš‘
R½jve„Ë cvnvwo cwi‡e‡k gkvi Dc`ªe wQj AZ¨š@ †ewk| ZvQvov †mLv‡b eb¨ RxeRš‘i Kvi‡Y evB‡i †ei“‡bvi †¶‡ÎI bvbv
wewa-wb‡la wQj| Ggb Mv QgQg cwi‡e‡k Aí K‡qKw`‡bB ˆmKZ nuvwc‡q I‡V Ges XvKvq wd‡i Avm‡Z Pvq|
ÔwbqwZÕ M‡í †jLK †e½j UvBMvi bv‡gi GKwU KzK‡z ii AvbyMZ¨ Ges wbqwZi cwinv‡m †mB KzKziwU‡K nZ¨v Kivi ü`q we`viK NUbv
Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| †hLv‡b wb‡Ri Rxeb wecbœ K‡i KzKziwU †jL‡Ki †Qv‡Uv fvB‡K mv‡ci Kvgo †_‡K euvPvq| wKš‘ welwµqvq KzKziwUi
kixi cuP‡Z kyi“ Ki‡j †jL‡Ki evev hš¿Yv †_‡K gyw³ w`‡Z eva¨ n‡q Zv‡K Mywj K‡i nZ¨v K‡ib| c¶vš@‡i, DÏxc‡K †Kej Av‡jvP¨
M‡íi wec`msKzj eb¨ cwi‡e‡ki K_vB DÌvwcZ n‡q‡Q Ab¨vb¨ welq bq| †m w`K we‡ePbvq cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_v_© A_©en|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ÒDÏxcKwU ÔwbqwZÕ M‡íi g–j e³e¨‡K aviY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|Ó
cÖkœ  05 DÏxcK-1 : Avgvi †h‡Z B‡”Q K‡i
b`xwUi IB cv‡i
†h_vq av‡i av‡i
euv‡ki †LuvUvq wWwO †bŠKv
euvav mv‡i mv‡i|
DÏxcK-2 : I‡Mv Avgvi Rš§f‚wg, I‡Mv Aci–cv
wd‡i Kx Avi cv‡ev †Zvgvq?
G we‡`k, wef‚u‡q †Zvgv‡i ¯§wi Avbg‡b
AuvwL gywQ mhZ‡b
Zey Avkv cvwi bv Qvwo‡Z,
†eu‡a †i‡L‡Qv †h gv, †Zvgvi †øn‡Wv‡i|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  59

K. ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi Aó‡Ki wgj web¨vm Kx? 1

L. ÔRyovB G Kvb Avwg åvwš@i Qj‡bÕÑPiYwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxcK-1-G ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwU mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔDÏxcK-2 I ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq Kwei g‡bvfve GKB m–‡Î Muv_v|ÓÑwe‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
5bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi Aó‡Ki wgjweb¨vm n‡jv KLKL KLLK|
i ÔRyovB G Kvb Avwg åvwš@i Qj‡bÕ ej‡Z Kwe Avkvi Qjbvq wb‡Ri gb‡K Z…ß Kivi K_v eywS‡q‡Qb|
ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi Kwe L¨vwZ jv‡fi Avkvq wbR †`k I †`‡ki ms¯‹…wZ‡K Z¨vM K‡i my`yi d«v‡Ý P‡j wM‡qwQ‡jb| cÖevmRxe‡b
gvZ…f‚wg I gvZ„fvlvi cÖwZ Zuvi Zxeª AvKl©Y m„wó nq| G mgq wZwb K‡cvZv¶ b‡`i cÖwZ ¯§„wZKvZi n‡q c‡ob| Abyf‚wZi Mfx‡i
K‡cvZv¶‡K ¯’vb †`b e‡j Kwei g‡b nq wZwb †hb †m b`xi KjaŸwb kyb‡Qb| cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³i gva¨‡g Kwe wb‡R‡K AvÍZ…wßi
welqwU‡KB eywS‡q‡Qb|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ÔRyovB G Kvb Avwg åvwš@i Qj‡bÕ ej‡Z Kwe Avkvi Qjbvq wb‡Ri gb‡K Z…ß Kivi K_v eywS‡q‡Qb|
j DÏxcK-1 Gi m‡½ ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq cÖKvwkZ Kwei wcÖq K‡cvZv‡¶i †`Lv cvIqvi AvKzjZvi w`KwUi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq ˆkk‡ei ¯§„wZweRwiZ K‡cvZv¶ b`‡K wN‡i Kwe Zuvi Mfxi ü`qv‡eM cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| we‡`wk mvwnZ¨-ms¯‹…wZi
Uv‡b Kwe cÖevmx n‡jI ¶wY‡Ki Rb¨I wZwb wcÖq K‡cvZv¶‡K fzj‡Z cv‡ibwb| Avi ZvB we‡`k-wefzuB‡q e‡mI K‡cvZv‡¶i mv¶vr
cvIqvi Rb¨ AvKzj n‡q‡Qb wZwb| KweZvwUi cy‡ivfvM Ry‡o Kwei †mB AvKzjZvB cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q|
DÏxcK- 1 Gi KweZvs‡k Kweg‡bi †KŠZ‚nj I myß evmbvi K_v dz‡U D‡V‡Q| †hLv‡b b`xi Icv‡ii mvwie× †bŠKv Ges Gi inm¨gq
†mŠ›`h© Kwe‡K gy» K‡i| Kwe ZvB †mB †mŠ›`‡h©i †Luv‡R b`xi Icv‡i †h‡Z Pvb| Ab¨w`‡K, ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi Kwe cÖevmx| wKš‘
cÖev‡m Ae¯’vb K‡iI wZwb ˆkk‡ei ¯§„wZgq K‡cvZv¶ b`‡K we¯§„Z n‡Z cv‡ibwb| G b‡`i KjaŸwb me©`vB †hb Zuvi Kv‡b ev‡R| Avi
ZvB †h K‡iB †nvK mLvi–cx wcÖq K‡cvZv‡¶i †`Lv †c‡Z wZwb e¨vKzj, †hgbwU b`xi Icvi‡K †K›`ª K‡i DÏxcK-1 Gi KweZvs‡kI j¶
Kiv hvq| Gw`K †_‡K DÏxcK-1 Gi m‡½ ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi mv`„k¨ cÖZxqgvb nq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxcK-1 Gi m‡½ ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq cÖKvwkZ Kwei wcÖq K‡cvZv‡¶i †`Lv cvIqvi AvKzjZvi w`KwUi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
k ÒDÏxcK-2 Ges ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi Kwei g‡bvfve GKBm–‡Î Muv_v|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_© e‡jB Avwg g‡b Kwi|
ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi ¯^‡`‡ki wcÖq b` K‡cvZv¶‡K wN‡i ¯§„wZKvZvi Avov‡j Kwei AZz¨¾¡j †`k‡cÖg cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| we‡`wk fvlv,
mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZi Uv‡b GK mgq Kwe my`–i d«v‡Ý cvwo Rgvb| wKš‘ Aíw`‡bi g‡a¨B Kwei †gvnf½ nq| Aby‡kvPbv`» Kwe ZLb
gvZ…f‚wgi †øn¯•k© cvIqvi Rb¨ e¨vKzj n‡q I‡Vb| Av‡jvP¨ KweZvq K‡cvZv¶‡K wN‡i Kwei †mB e¨vKzjZvB evYxi–c jvf K‡i‡Q|
DÏxcK-2 Gi KweZvs‡k gvZ…f‚wgi cÖwZ Kwe ü`‡qi Mfxi fvev‡eM dz‡U D‡V‡Q| †mLv‡b †`Lv hvq, we‡`k-wef‚u‡q Ae¯’vb K‡iI wZwb
Zuvi wcÖq gvZ…f‚wg‡K wKQy‡ZB fzj‡Z cv‡ibwb| ü`‡qi gwb‡KvVvq ZvB gvZ…f‚wg‡K wZwb mhZ‡b †i‡L‡Qb| Zv m‡Ë¡I ¶‡Y ¶‡Y
†`kgvZ…Kvi K_v g‡b K‡i wZwb AvcÐyZ n‡q c‡ob, Zvi †øn¯•k© cvIqvi Rb¨ AvKzj n‡q I‡Vb| †Kbbv, gvZ…f‚wg Zuv‡K †h †øne܇b
Ave× K‡i‡Q Zv KL‡bv wQbœ nIqvi bq|
ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi Kwe Zuvi gvZ…f‚wg‡K ü`q w`‡q fv‡jvev‡mb| Avi †m fv‡jvevmv †_‡KB wZwb K‡cvZv¶‡K AvkÖq K‡i gvZ…f‚wg
I gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ Zuvi AK…wÎg fv‡jvevmvi K_v e½evmxi Kv‡b †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| G‡¶‡Î cÖev‡m Ae¯’vb K‡iI K‡cvZv¶ b‡`i
cÖwZ Zuvi †h AbyivM, Zv g–jZ Kwei †`kvZ¡‡ev‡aiB bvgvš@i| GKBfv‡e, DÏxcK-2 Gi KweZvs‡ki KweI gvZ…f‚wgi †øn‡Wv‡i Ave×|
Avi ZvB we‡`k-wef‚u‡q †_‡KI wZwb gvZ…f‚wgi †øn¯•k© †c‡Z GZUv e¨vKzj, hv ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi Kwei g‡bvfv‡eiB mgvš@ivj|
†mw`K we‡ePbvq cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_vh_ A_©en|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ÒDÏxcK-2 Ges ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi Kwei g‡bvfve GKBm–‡Î Muv_v|Ó
cÖkœ  06 kwdK XvKvq GKwU †Kv¤•vwb‡Z bvBUMv‡W©i PvKwi K‡i| mܨv †_‡K †fvi ch©š@ Zvi wWDwU| mviv ivZ †Kv¤•vwbi
gvjvgv‡ji cvnvov`vixi Myi“`vwqZ¡ †m wek¦¯@Zvi mv‡_ cvjb K‡i| Qq gvm cici †m QywU‡Z evwo Av‡m| G w`‡K Zvi ¯¿x-mš@v‡biv
Zvi c_ †P‡q e‡m _v‡K| K‡e †m wdi‡e| ¯^vgxi K_v fve‡Z fve‡Z Zvi ¯¿xi K‡Zv wbNy©g ivZ Kv‡U|
K. AevK iv‡Zi Zviviv Kxfv‡e Pvq? 1
L. ÔRxe‡bi me ivw·K Iiv wK‡b‡Q Aí `v‡gÕ PviYwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K kwd‡Ki ¯¿xi g‡a¨ ÔivbviÕ KweZvi †h w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔDÏxc‡Ki kwdK ÔivbviÕ KweZvq ivbv‡ii cÖwZ”Qwe n‡q I‡VwbÓÑgš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
6bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h AevK iv‡Zi Zviviv wgwUwgwU K‡i Pvq|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  60

i ivbv‡ii Amvgvb¨ Z¨vM I kÖgwbôvi wewbg‡q mvgvb¨ †eZb cvIqvi welqwU †evSv‡ZB Kwe cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³wU K‡i‡Qb|
ivbvi WvK †cuŠ‡Q †`Iqvi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ mvgvb¨ †eZbfz³ Kg©Pvix| G KvR Ki‡Z wM‡q e¨vcK cwikÖ‡gi cvkvcvwk Zv‡K h‡_ó mZZv
I wbôvi cwiPq w`‡Z nq| Zv m‡Ë¡I ivbv‡ii cvwikÖwgK LyeB bMY¨| iv‡Zi Nyg wemR©b w`‡q †m hv cvq Zv‡Z Zvi msmvi P‡j bv|
Av‡jvP¨ PiYwU‡Z ivbv‡ii Amvgvb¨ Z¨vM I kÖgwbôvi wecix‡Z `yf©vM¨RbKfv‡e Zvi GB mvgvb¨ cÖvwßi welqwU‡KB †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : A‡bK wec`, SzuwK, k¼v wb‡q ivbvi‡`i KvR Ki‡Z nq| A_P Zv‡`i †eZb AwZ mvgvb¨| cÖ‡kœv³ PiYwUi ga¨ w`‡q ivbv‡ii
mvgvb¨ †eZ‡bi K_vB ejv n‡q‡Q|
j DÏxc‡Ki kwd‡Ki ¯¿xi gv‡S ÔivbviÕ KweZvi ¯^vgxi wPš@vq ivbv‡ii ¯¿xi wewb`ª ivwÎhvc‡bi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
ÔivbviÕ KweZvi ivbvi GKRb `vwqZ¡kxj I KZ©e¨wbô Kg©x| mgqg‡Zv WvK †cuŠ‡Q †`Iqvi Myi“fvi Zvi Kuv‡a| G KvR myPvi“i–‡c m¤•bœ
Kivi Rb¨ mKj euvav‡K D‡c¶v K‡i Zv‡K ivZ-weiv‡Z Mš@‡e¨i D‡Ï‡k¨ QyU‡Z nq| G Kvi‡Y bvbv AvksKvq ivbv‡ii ¯¿x wewb`ª ivZ Rv‡M|
DÏxc‡Ki kwdK bvBUMvW© wn‡m‡e GKwU †Kv¤•vwb‡Z Kg©iZ| msMZ Kvi‡YB mvivivZ a‡i Zv‡K `vwq‡Z¡i m‡½ KZ©e¨ cvjb Ki‡Z
nq| `vwq‡Z¡i Kvi‡Y me mgq evwo‡Z hvIqvi my‡hvM nq bv Zvi| G Kvi‡Y kwd‡Ki K_v fve‡Z fve‡Z Zvi ¯¿x cÖvqkB wewb`ª
ivwÎhvcb K‡i| GKBfv‡e, ÔivbviÕ KweZvi ivbviI GKRb `vwqZ¡kxj Kg©x| wVK mg‡q h_vh_fv‡e WvK †cuŠQv‡Z wM‡q c‡_i euvav‡K
D‡c¶v K‡i ivZfi Zv‡K QyU‡Z nq| G mgq c‡_ bvbv wec‡`i AvksKv _v‡K| ivbv‡ii ¯¿x ZvB ¯^vgxi Abycw¯’wZ, c‡_i wec`mn
bvbv `yf©vebvq wbN©yg ivZ KvUvq| G we‡ePbvq, DÏxc‡Ki kwd‡Ki ¯¿xi gv‡S ÔivbviÕ KweZvi ¯^vgxi wPš@vq ivbv‡ii ¯¿xi wewb`ª
ivwÎhvc‡bi w`KwUB dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki kwd‡Ki ¯¿xi gv‡S ÔivbviÕ KweZvi ¯^vgxi wPš@vq ivbv‡ii ¯¿xi wewb`ª ivwÎhvc‡bi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki kwdK ÔivbviÕ KweZvi ivbv‡ii cÖwZ”Qwe n‡q I‡Vwb|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_© e‡jB Avwg g‡b Kwi|
ÔivbviÕ KweZvq Kwe ivbvi‡K Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb kÖgRxex †kÖwYi cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e| AZ¨š@ `vwqZ¡kxjZv I wbôvi mv‡_ †m wb‡Ri KvR
K‡i hvq| ZeyI †mB kÖ‡gi h_vh_ g–j¨vqb cvq bv †m| mgqg‡Zv WvK †cuŠ‡Q w`‡q mK‡ji gy‡L nvwm †dvUv‡jI Zvi `yt‡Li Lei iv‡L
bv †KD-B| d‡j A‡kl g‡bvhvZbv wb‡q Zv‡K `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i †h‡Z nq|
DÏxc‡K kwdK bv‡gi GK bvBUMv‡W©i K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| †Kv¤•vwbi Rvbgv‡ji cvnvov †`IqvB Zvi KvR| `vwqZ¡kxjZv I Kg©wbôvi
My‡Y †m AvR †Kv¤•vwbi fimvi cv‡Î cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| Z‡e G KvR Ki‡Z wM‡q Zv‡K wewb`ª ivZ KvUv‡Z nq| kyay ZvB bq, h_vh_fv‡e
`vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z wM‡q ch©vß QywUI cvq bv †m| d‡j Zvi ¯¿x-mš@vbiv Zvi evwo †divi Avkvq c_ †P‡q _v‡K| kwd‡Ki gv‡S dz‡U
IVv GB `vwqZ¡kxjZvi w`KwU Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi ivbv‡ii gv‡SI GKBfv‡e cwijw¶Z nq|
ÔivbviÕ KweZvq ivbvi Pwi‡Îi ga¨ w`‡q Kwe kÖgRxex‡`i Aš@h©vZbvi w`KwU gg‡Z¡i m‡½ dzwU‡q Zz‡j‡Qb| mvivivZ †R‡M `vwqZ¡
cvjb Ki‡jI †mB kÖ‡gi h_vh_ g–j¨vqb cvq bv †m| d‡j N‡i Zvi Afve †j‡MB _v‡K| Zv m‡Ë¡I e¨w³MZ `ytL-†e`bv‡K ey‡K †P‡c
†i‡L wbôvi mv‡_ `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i hvq †m| DÏxc‡Ki kwd‡Ki gv‡S ivbv‡ii Ggb `vwqZ¡kxjZv I Kg©wbôvi cÖwZdjb _vK‡jI Zvi
`ytL-`vwi‡`ªi w`KwU †mLv‡b Abycw¯’Z| ZvQvov Av‡jvP¨ KweZvwU‡Z Kwe ivbv‡ii gva¨‡g mKj kÖgRxex‡`i `yt‡Li Aemvb Kvgbv
K‡i‡Qb, hv DÏxc‡Ki kwd‡Ki †¶‡Î cwijw¶Z nq bv| †m we‡ePbvq, cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_vh_|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ÒDÏxc‡Ki kwdK ÔivbviÕ KweZvi ivbv‡ii cÖwZ”Qwe n‡q I‡Vwb|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_© e‡jB Avwg g‡b Kwi|
cÖkœ  07 ¯@eK-1 : Iiv Mwie Iiv wbt¯^ cvq bv `y‡ejv †L‡Z
Iiv `ye©j fxi“-Kvcyi“l cvi‡e bv gv_v Zz‡j `uvov‡Z|
¯@eK-2 : G gvwUi Z‡j Nygv‡q‡Q Aweivg
iwdK, kwdK, eiKZ KZ bvg|
KZ wZZzgxi KZ Cmv Lvb
w`‡q‡Q Rxeb †`qwb †Zv gvb|
K. Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvq wPi KweZvi †`k ejv n‡q‡Q Kv‡K? 1
L. ÔKweZvi nv‡Z ivB‡djÕ Øviv Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. ¯@eK-1-Gi mv‡_ Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvi fveMZ wgj e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Ô¯@eK-2-Gi †PZbvB Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvi g–j wfwËÕÑg–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
7bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvq wPi KweZvi †`k ejv n‡q‡Q evsjv‡`k‡K|
i evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× KweZv‡KI hy‡×i A¯¿ wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv n‡qwQj e‡j Kwe ÔKweZvi nv‡Z ivB‡djÕ K_vwU e‡j‡Qb|
Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvq ÔKweZvi nv‡Z ivB‡djÕ K_vwU i–cK A‡_© e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q| ¯^vaxbZvhy‡× KweZvi gva¨‡gI cÖwZ‡iva I
gyw³i K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| Kwe-mvwnwZ¨K‡`i †jLv gyw³‡hv×v‡`i mvnm I kw³ mÂvi K‡iwQj| KweZvB ZLb n‡q D‡VwQj hy‡×i
Ab¨Zg A¯¿| G welqwU‡K ¯•ó Ki‡ZB Kwe Av‡jvP¨ PiYwUi AeZviYv K‡i‡Qb|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Kwe-mvwnwZ¨K‡`i †jLv gyw³‡hv×v‡`i mvnm I kw³ mÂvi K‡iwQj| KweZvB ZLb n‡q D‡VwQj hy‡×i Ab¨Zg A¯¿| ÔKweZvi
nv‡Z ivB‡djÕ K_vwUi gva¨‡g Kwe G welqwU‡KB eywS‡q‡Qb|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  61

j evOvwj‡`i wb‡q cvwK¯@vwb kvmK‡Mvôxi g‡bvfv‡ei w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki ¯@eK-1 Gi mv‡_ Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvi fveMZ
wgj j¶ Kiv hvq|
Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvwU evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i †cÖ¶vc‡U †jLv| G KweZvq Kwe evOvwj‡`i Ici cvwK¯@vwb mvgwiK Rvš@vi
AvMÖvmb I exi evOvwji cÖwZ‡iva f‚wgKvi K_v dzwU‡q Zz‡j‡Qb| Avi Zv Ki‡Z wM‡q wZwb evOvwj‡`i cÖwZ cvwK¯@vwb kvmK‡Mvôxi nxb
g‡bvfve‡KI Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| DMÖ ¯^vRvZ¨‡ev‡ai Kvi‡Y Zviv evOvwj‡K †f‡Zv I `yej © wP‡Ëi e‡j g‡b Ki‡Zv|
DÏxc‡Ki ¯@eK-1 Gi KweZvs‡k Aš@¨R †kÖwYi gvby‡li m¤•‡K© wei–c gš@e¨ Kiv n‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b Zv‡`i Mwie I †L‡Z cvq bv e‡j
Zz”Q-Zvw”Qj¨ Kiv n‡q‡Q| kyay ZvB bq, N„Yvf‡i Zv‡`i fxi“ I Kvcyi“l AvL¨v w`‡q Iiv gv_v Zz‡j `uvov‡Z cvi‡e bv e‡j †kÐl cÖKvk Kiv
n‡q‡Q| wbw`©ó GK †kÖwYi nxb gvbwmKZvB Zv‡`i Ggb gš@‡e¨i KviY| GKBfv‡e, Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvqI Kwe evOvwj‡`i
m¤•‡K© cvwK¯@vwb kvmK‡Mvôxi nxb g‡bvfve‡K DÌvcb K‡i‡Qb| Ggb g‡bvfv‡ei Kvi‡YB Zviv evOvwj‡K †f‡Zv I `ye©j e‡j AeÁv
Ki‡Zv| Gw`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki ¯@eK-1 Gi mv‡_ Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvi fveMZ wgj cvIqv hvq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : evOvwj‡`i wb‡q cvwK¯@vwb kvmK‡Mvôxi g‡bvfv‡ei w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki ¯@eK-1 Gi mv‡_ Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvi fveMZ
wgj j¶ Kiv hvq|
k Ò¯@eK-2 Gi †PZbvB Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvi g–j wfwË|ÓÑ Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZv Ges DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvq cvwK¯@vwb ˆ¯^ikvmK‡`i Ackvmb I Ab¨vq-AZ¨vPv‡ii wei“‡× G‡`‡ki kvwš@wcÖq gvby‡li ex‡ivwPZ
f‚wgKv‡K Awfbw›`Z K‡i‡Qb| cvwK¯@vwb kvm‡Kiv evOvwj‡K `ye©j †f‡e AZ¨vPvi Pvjv‡j G RvwZ Zv‡`i †mB AZ¨vPvi gyL ey‡R †g‡b
†bqwb| eis AZx‡Zi msMÖv‡gi BwZnvm †_‡K †cÖiYv wb‡q Zviv ex‡ivwPZfv‡e Zv‡`i `uvZfvOv Reve w`‡q‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki ¯@eK-2 Gi KweZvs‡k Kwe RvwZi m–h©mš@vb‡`i K_v kÖ×vf‡i ¯§iY K‡i‡Qb| Zuviv Rxeb w`‡q n‡jI RvwZ‡K ewntkΓ‡`i
nvZ †_‡K i¶v K‡i‡Q| Zv‡`i †mmKj msMÖvg I AvÍZ¨v‡Mi BwZnvm Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxKvi †PZbvq D¾xweZ K‡i| †`kgvZ…Kv‡K wb‡q Me©
Ki‡Z wM‡q ¯@eK-2 Gi Kwe ZvB †mB mKj gnvb e¨w³‡`i cÖm½ †U‡b‡Qb| Av‡jvP¨ KweZv‡ZI Kwe gyw³hy‡×i †cÖ¶vc‡U evqvbœi
fvlv Av‡›`vjbmn Abvw` AZx‡Zi wewfbœ msMÖvg I AvÍZ¨v‡Mi BwZnvm‡K †cÖiYv wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|
Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvq Kwe evOvwj RvwZi my`xN©Kv‡ji msMÖvgx BwZnvm I HwZn¨‡K Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| BwZnv‡mi bvbv euv‡K wewfbœ
we‡`wk kw³ G RvwZi Dci AvMÖvmb Pvwj‡q‡Q| wKš‘ evOvwj RvwZ mgwš^Z kw³‡Z †mmKj Akyf kw³‡K evi evi civf‚Z K‡i‡Q| Avi
evqvbœi fvlv Av‡›`vjbmn Abvw` AZx‡Zi †mmKj msMÖvg I AvÍZ¨v‡Mi BwZnvmB evOvwj‡K gyw³hy‡× AbycÖvwYZ K‡i‡Q| GKBfv‡e,
DÏxc‡Ki ¯@eK-2 Gi KweZvs‡kI Kwe evOvwji msMÖvgx BwZnv‡mi †mmKj exi †mbvbx‡`i K_v D‡jÐL K‡i Zv‡`i RqMvb K‡i‡Qb,
hv Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi Kwei †PZbviB mgvš@ivj| †m we‡ePbvq cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_vh_|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Ò¯@eK-2 Gi †PZbvB Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvi g–j wfwË|ÓÑ Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZv Ges DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
cÖkœ  08 WvKvwZqv b`x‡Z Uªjvi Wz‡e gviv hvq Avj‡gi gv-evev| NUbvµ‡g evwo‡Z _vKvq †eu‡P hvq Avjg I Zvi †Qv‡Uv †evb
mvw`qv| Amnvq Avjg †ev‡bi gy‡Li w`‡K ZvwK‡q †gvUi M¨v‡i‡R KvR †bq| NUbv ky‡b M¨v‡i‡Ri gvwj‡Ki ¯¿x Zv‡`i‡K evwo‡Z †W‡K
†bq| Zv‡`i Avi M¨v‡iR KvR Ki‡Z nqwb| gvwjK I Zuvi ¯¿xi †ønv`‡i Zviv `yR‡bB GLb †jLvcov wkL‡Q|
K. eyavi Kx †L‡j eyK f‡i? 1
L. ÔAevK nq Kzwš@Õ †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Uªjvi Wzwei NUbvwU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h NUbvi mv‡_ m½wZc–Y© Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi PvwP hw` DÏxc‡Ki M¨v‡i‡Ri gvwjK I Zvi ¯¿xi g‡Zv n‡Zv Zvn‡j eyav‡K GZUv Amnvq Rxebhvcb Ki‡Z
n‡Zv bvÓÑgš@e¨wU g–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
8bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h eyavi e„wói cvwb †L‡j eyK f‡i|
i Kzwš@ KL‡bv eyav‡K Kuv`‡Z †`‡Lwb e‡j nVvr Zv‡K Kvbœv Ki‡Z †`‡L †m AevK nq|
eyav I Kzwš@ KzR‡b eyavi gv-evevi Ke‡ii cv‡k G‡m `uvovq| Ke‡ii gvwU ¯•k© K‡i eyav Zvi Rxe‡bi Avb›`Nb w`bMy‡jv wd‡i cvIqvi
Rb¨ ev‡ci Kv‡Q †`vqv Pvq| †`k‡K hy× K‡i ¯^vaxb Kivi Rb¨ mvnm bv nviv‡bvi Rb¨ †`vqv cÖv_©bv K‡i| G mgq eyav WzK‡i †Ku‡`
I‡V| ZvB †`‡L Kzwš@ AevK nq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Kzwš@ Av‡M KL‡bv eyav‡K Kuv`‡Z †`‡Lwb| ZvB nVvr Zv‡K Kuv`‡Z †`‡L †m AevK nq|
j DÏxc‡Ki Uªjvi Wzwei NUbvwU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m wea„Z K‡jivi cÖ‡Kv‡c GK iv‡Zi g‡a¨ eyavi cwievi nviv‡bvi NUbvi mv‡_ m½wZc–Y©|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨vmwU iwPZ n‡q‡Q eyav bv‡gi GK wcZ…gvZ…nxb wK‡kvi‡K †K›`ª K‡i| MÖv‡g K‡jivi cÖ‡Kvc †`Lv w`‡j GK iv‡Zi
g‡a¨B eyavi †Pv‡Li mvg‡b G‡K G‡K Zvi cwiev‡ii mK‡j gviv hvq| Gfv‡e cwievi nvwi‡q eyav †kv‡K wenŸj n‡q c‡o Ges NUbvwU
Zvi Rxeb‡K G‡jv‡g‡jv K‡i †`q|
DÏxc‡Ki Avj‡gi evev-gv GK Uªjvi `yN©Ubvi Ke‡j c‡o cvwb‡Z Wz‡e gviv hvq| NUbvµ‡g †m Avi Zvi †Qv‡Uv †evb evwo‡Z _vKvq
Zviv `yR‡b cÖv‡Y †eu‡P hvq| Z‡e NUbvwU Zv‡`i Rxe‡b Mfxi cÖfve †d‡j| GKBfv‡e, ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavI K‡jivi Kvi‡Y
GKiv‡Zi g‡a¨B evev-gvmn cwiev‡ii mKj‡K nvivq| †Pv‡Li mvg‡b G‡K G‡K mKj‡K g‡i †h‡Z †`‡L †kv‡K †m g–n¨gvb n‡q c‡o|
GB NUbv GwZg eyavi Avb›`gq ˆkke‡K aŸsm K‡i †`q| A_©vr eyavi g‡Zv DÏxc‡Ki AvjgI GK `yN©Ubvq AvKw®§Kfv‡eB evev-gv‡K
nvivq| Gw`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki Uªjvi Wzwei NUbvwU Av‡jvP¨ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi cwievi nviv‡bvi NUbvi mv‡_ m½wZc–Y©|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Uªjvi Wzwei NUbvwU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m wea„Z K‡jivi cÖ‡Kv‡c GK iv‡Zi g‡a¨ eyavi cwievi nviv‡bvi NUbvi mv‡_ m½wZc–Y©|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  62

k ÒKvKZvo~qvÓ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi PvwP hw` DÏxc‡Ki M¨v‡iR gvwjK I Zvi ¯¿xi g‡Zv n‡Zv Zvn‡j eyav‡K GZUv Amnvq Rxeb-hvcb
Ki‡Z n‡Zv bvÓÑ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨vm Ges DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †K›`ªxq PwiÎ eyav bv‡gi GK wK‡kvi| evev-gv‡qi g„Zz¨i ci cÖv_wgKfv‡e PvwP Zv‡K AvkÖq w`‡jI Afv‡ei
Zvobvq GK ch©v‡q wZwb Zvi `vwqZ¡ wb‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡ib| d‡j GKiKg eva¨ n‡qB eyav‡K QbœQvov Rxe‡b Af¨¯@ n‡Z nq|
DÏxc‡Ki Avjg bv‡gi GK wK‡kv‡ii K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| GKevi WvKvwZqv b`x‡Z Uªjvi Wzwei NUbv NU‡j †mB `yN©Ubvq Avjg Zvi
evev-gv‡K nvivq| GgZve¯’vq †Qv‡Uv †ev‡bi fiY‡cvl‡Yi K_v †f‡e wK‡kvi e‡q‡mB †m †gvUi M¨v‡i‡R KvR †bq| NUbvwU ky‡b
M¨v‡i‡Ri gvwj‡Ki ¯¿x †evbmn Zv‡`i evwo‡Z †W‡K †bq Ges Zv‡`i `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡i| Zv‡`i †Póvq AvR Zviv ¯‹z‡j cov‡jLv K‡i
gvbyl n‡”Q|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav GK GwZg wK‡kvi| K‡jivi cÖ‡Kv‡c GK iv‡Zi g‡a¨B †m Zvi cwiev‡ii mKj‡K nvivq| GgZve¯’vq
cÖv_wgKfv‡e PvwPi Kv‡Q †m AvkÖq †c‡jI Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y PvwPI GKw`b eyav‡K Zvi wb‡Ri `vwqZ¡ wb‡Z e‡j| GgZve¯’vq Amnvq eyav
GKiKg eva¨ n‡qB PvwPi msmvi †_‡K †ewi‡q hvq Ges †L‡q bv †L‡q QbœQvov Rxe‡b Af¨¯@ n‡q c‡o| G‡¶‡Î eyavi PvwP DÏxc‡Ki
M¨v‡iR gvwjK I Zvi ¯¿xi g‡Zv mnvbyf‚wZkxj n‡j eyav PvwPi msmv‡iB ¯’vqxfv‡e AvkÖq †c‡Zv| d‡j Zvi Rxeb Ggb wek„¸Lj n‡q
co‡Zv bv Ges †m AviI cuvPwU wkkyi g‡ZvB my¯’ I ¯^vfvweK weKv‡ki my‡hvM †cZ| Gw`K we‡ePbvq, cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_vh_|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ÒKvKZvo~qvÓ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi PvwP hw` DÏxc‡Ki M¨v‡iR gvwjK I Zvi ¯¿xi g‡Zv n‡Zv Zvn‡j eyav‡K GZUv Amnvq Rxeb-hvcb
Ki‡Z n‡Zv bvÓ
cÖkœ  09 cvKnvbv`vi evwnbxi wbg©g AZ¨vPvi I nZ¨vhÁ †_‡K wbwPš@cyievmx‡K i¶vi Rb¨ Suvwc‡q c‡ob ¯‹zj wk¶K Rvjvj wgqv|
wZwb †Mwijv evwnbx MVb K‡i cvK‡mbv‡`i †PK‡cv÷ I K¨v¤• BZ¨vw`‡Z SwUKv AvµgY K‡i m‡i co‡Zb| †Mwijv evwnbxi `ytmvnwmK
wewfbœ Acv‡ikb cvK‡mbv‡`i Nyg nvivg K‡i †`q| G‡Z w¶ß n‡q cvKnvbv`vi evwnbx Rvjvj wgqvi evwoNi R¡vwj‡q †`q| Ggb wK
Zuvi e„× wcZv-gvZvmn ¯^Rb‡`i Mywj K‡i nZ¨v K‡i| ¯^Rb nviv‡bvi e¨_v wb‡q Rvjvj wgqv wm×vš@ †bb †h, weR‡qi wbkvb Dwo‡qB
wZwb MÖv‡g wdi‡eb|
K. eyav‡K †Mvei ivRv e‡j Wv‡K †K? 1
L. Avnv` gywÝi †PvL jvj n‡q I‡V †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K cvKnvbv`vi evwnbxi Kg©Kv‡Ê ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv eY©bv K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔDÏxc‡Ki Rvjvj wgqv I ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav GKB Av`‡k©i aviKÓÑwe‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
9bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h eyav‡K †Mvei ivRv e‡j Wv‡K Muv‡qi †Mvei Kzovwb eywo|
i eyavi mvnmx I J×Z¨c–Y© AvPi‡Y Avnv` gywÝi †PvL †µv‡a jvj n‡q I‡V|
eyav cvwK¯@vwb K¨v‡¤• †cqviv wb‡q hvq wgwjUvwi‡`i m‡½ fve Ki‡Z| Zvi D‡Ïk¨ wQj Zv‡`i †LuvRLei †bIqv| †jvnvi Uzwc civ
ˆmb¨iv Mi‡g Nvg‡Z _vK‡j Zvi nvwm cvq| Ggb mgq Avnv` gywÝ †mLv‡b Av‡m Ges eyavi D‡Ïk¨g–jK nvwm Avi AmsjMœ K_v ï‡b
Zvi †PvL iv‡M jvj n‡q I‡V|
Dˇii g–jK_v : eyavi mvnmx I J×Z¨c–Y© AvPi‡Y Avnv` gywÝi †PvL †µv‡a jvj n‡q I‡V|
j DÏxc‡Ki cvK nvbv`vi evwnwbi Kg©Kv‡Ê ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m DwjÐwLZ wbixn evOvwj‡`i Ici cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi‡`i
nZ¨v-wbh©vZ‡bi wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m Jcb¨vwmK 1971 mv‡ji gyw³hy‡× cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi evwnwbi AvMÖvmb I nZ¨v-wbh©vZ‡bi GK wek¦¯@ Qwe
Gu‡K‡Qb| †mLv‡b †`Lv hvq, AZ¨vPvix cvwK¯@vwb evwnwb eyav‡`i MÖv‡gi kvwš@wcÖq I wbixn mvaviY gvby‡li Ici AZwK©Z AvµgY Pvjvq
Ges wbwe©Pv‡i gvbyl nZ¨v K‡i| Zv‡`i AZ¨vPv‡ii mgMÖ MÖv‡g †hb †kv‡Ki Qvqv †b‡g Av‡m|
DÏxc‡Ki Rvjvj wgqv GKRb exi gyw³‡hv×v| wbR MÖvg wbwðš@cyimn †`k‡K kΓg³ y Kivi Rb¨ gyw³hy‡× Ask wb‡q wZwb A‡bKMy‡jv
mdj Acv‡ikb Pvjbv K‡ib| G‡Z w¶ß n‡q cvwK¯@vwb ˆmb¨iv Zvi evwoNi cywo‡q †`q| kyay ZvB bq, Zviv Zvi evev-gv‡KI nZ¨v
K‡i| nvbv`vi evwnwbi Ggb b„ksmZvi K_v ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mI GKBfv‡e dz‡U D‡V‡Q| †mLv‡bI †`Lv hvq, cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`viiv
eyav‡`i MÖv‡gi wbixn I wbi¯¿ gvby‡li Ici AK_¨ wbh©vZb Pvjvq, AwMœms‡hvM K‡i Ges MÖv‡gi A‡bK †jvK‡K wbwe©Pv‡i nZ¨v K‡i, hv
DÏxc‡Ki NUbve‡Z©i mgvš@ivj| Gw`K we‡ePbvq, DÏxc‡Ki cvK nvbv`vi evwnwbi Kg©Kv‡Ê Av‡jvP¨ Dcb¨v‡m ewY©Z wbixn evOvwj‡`i
Ici cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi‡`i nZ¨v-wbh©vZ‡bi wPÎB dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki cvK nvbv`vi evwnwbi Kg©Kv‡Ê ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m DwjÐwLZ wbixn evOvwj‡`i Ici cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi‡`i
nZ¨v-wbh©vZ‡bi wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  63

k †`kv͇eva I msMÖvgx †PZbvi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki Rvjvj wgqv I ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav GKB Av`‡k©i aviK e‡jB Avwg g‡b Kwi|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kw›`ªq PwiÎ eyav GK wK‡kvi gyw³‡hv×v| evev-gv‡qi g„Zz¨i ci GwZg eyav MÖvgevmx‡KB Avcb K‡i wb‡qwQj|
wKš‘ AZ¨vPvix cvwK¯@vwb evwnwb †mB wbixn MÖvgevmxi IciB Ab¨vq-AZ¨vPvi I nZ¨vhÁ Pvjvq| Zv‡`i cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡ZB eyav gyw³hy‡×
†hvM †`q Ges kΓ‡`i Ici KwVb AvµgY Pvjvq|
DÏxc‡K Rvjvj wgqv bv‡gi GKRb gyw³‡hv×vi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| AZ¨vPvix cvwK¯@vwb evwnwbi nvZ †_‡K wbR MÖvgmn †`kevmx‡K i¶v
Ki‡Z wZwb hy‡× bv‡gb| Ab¨vb¨ gyw³‡hv×v‡`i m‡½ wg‡j wZwb cvwK¯@vwb †mbv K¨v¤• I wewfbœ †PK‡cv‡ó mdj Acv‡ikb cwiPvjbv
K‡ib| Zv‡`i ex‡ivwPZ f‚wgKvq cvwK¯@vwb †mbv‡`i †hb Nyg D‡e hvq| Avi ZvB cÖwZwnsmvi ekeZ©x n‡q Zviv Rvjvj wgqvi evwo‡Z
AwMœms‡hvM K‡i Ges Zvi evev-gv‡K b„ksmfv‡e nZ¨v K‡i|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ GKwU gyw³hy×wfwËK Dcb¨vm| G Dcb¨v‡m Jcb¨vwmK eyav bv‡gi wcZ…gvZ…nxb GK wK‡kvi‡K †K›`ª K‡i mvaviY gvby‡li
Ici gyw³hy‡×i AwfNvZ Ges cÖwZ‡iva f‚wgKv‡K wPwÎZ K‡i‡Qb| †hLv‡b Ly‡` gyw³‡hv×v eyav †hb AZ¨vPvix cvwK¯@vwb evwnwb I
Zv‡`i †`vmi‡`i mvg‡b GK g–wZ©gvb Îvm wn‡m‡e Avwef‚©Z n‡q‡Q| GiB Ask wn‡m‡e †m kvwš@ KwgwUi †Pqvig¨vb Avnv` gywÝi evwo‡Z
AwMœms‡hvM K‡i Ges wgwjUvwi evsKv‡i gvBb cyu‡Z ev¼vi Dwo‡q †`q| G‡¶‡Î †`k‡K ¯^vaxb Kiv Ges MÖvgevmxi gyw³B wQj Zvi G
hy‡×i g–j D‡Ïk¨| DÏxc‡Ki Rvjvj wgqvi gyw³hy‡× AskMÖn‡Yi D‡Ïk¨I wQj GKB| Gw`K we‡ePbvq, cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
Dˇii g–jK_v : †`kv͇eva I msMÖvgx †PZbvi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki Rvjvj wgqv I ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav GKB Av`‡k©i aviK e‡jB Avwg g‡b Kwi|
cÖkœ  10 Avjx mv‡ne we‡q K‡i‡Qb `k eQi n‡jv| wKš‘ wZwb GLbI wbtmš@vb| mvZ-cuvP †f‡e Avjx mv‡n‡ei gv dwK‡ii KvQ
†_‡K cvwb cov Av‡bb| G‡Z Avjx mv‡ne ivM Ki‡j Zuvi gv e‡jb, Giv AvjÐvni wcÖq ev›`v, mKj Am¤¢e‡K m¤¢e Ki‡Z cv‡i| evev
PvB‡j wbðqB Ni Av‡jvwKZ K‡i mš@vb Avm‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ Avjx mv‡ne cov cvwb bv †L‡q we‡klÁ Wv³v‡ii Kv‡Q hvb|
K. ÔÔAvgv‡K AK…ZÁ fve‡eb bvÓÑDw³wU Kvi? 1
L. nv‡kg `yB nv‡Z gyL †X‡K Kuv`‡Z kyi“ K‡i †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z Avjx mv‡n‡ei gv ÔewncxiÕ bvUK‡Ki †Kvb Pwi‡Îi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c–Y©? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔcwiw¯’wZ wfwbœ n‡jI DÏxc‡Ki Avjx mv‡ne I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg GKB †PZbvq D¾xweZÓÑgš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv hvPvB K‡iv| 4
10bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h ÔAvgv‡K AK…ZÁ fve‡eb bvÕÑ Dw³wU Zv‡nivi|
i ¶wqòz Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwji Rwg`vwi P‡j †M‡j Zvi A‡bK Kó n‡e †f‡e †Q‡j nv‡kg `yB nv‡Z gyL †X‡K Kuv`‡Z kyi“ K‡i|
nv‡kg Avwji evev nv‡Zg Avwj Rwg`vwi wbjv‡g DVvi K_v †Mvcb K‡i Amy¯’Zvi Kiv e‡j kn‡i Av‡mb eÜyi Kv‡Q †_‡K UvKv avi
wb‡q Rwg`vwi i¶v Ki‡Z| wKš‘ eÜy hLb UvKv w`‡q A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvq ZLb nv‡Zg Avwj wbi–cvq n‡q cwiev‡ii GKgvÎ †Q‡j nv‡kg‡K
mZ¨ K_v e‡j †`q| GK_v ky‡b nv‡kg Kvbœvq †f‡½ c‡o| nv‡k‡gi G Kvbœv evevi g‡bi Ae¯’v wPš@v K‡i| nv‡kg fv‡e Rwg`vwi P‡j
†M‡j Zvi evevi wK cwiYwZ n‡e, KZUv Kó cv‡e Zvi evev Gme wPš@v K‡iB nv‡kg `yB nv‡Z gyL †X‡K Kuv`‡Z kyi“ K‡i|
Dˇii g–jK_v : evevi K‡ói K_v †f‡e nv‡kg `yB nv‡Z gyL †X‡K Kuv`‡Z kyi“ K‡i|
j DÏxc‡K ewY©Z Avjx mv‡n‡ei gv ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Rwg`vi cZœx †Lv‡`Rv Pwi‡Îi m‡½ mv`„k¨c–Y©|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K ZrKvjxb mg‡q abx-Mwie wbwe©‡k‡l wc‡ii cÖwZ AMva wek¦vm I Av¯’vi welqwU dz‡U DV‡Q| Zv‡nivi gv-evev †_‡K kyi“
K‡i nv‡k‡gi gv-evev ch©š@ mevB wc‡ii gnv‡Í¨ wek¦vmx| Zv‡`i `„wó‡Z wci AvjÐvni †bK ev›`v| Zviv B”Qv Ki‡j hv Lywk Zv-B Ki‡Z
cv‡i| Zv‡`i e` †`vqv wb‡q my¯’ I ¯^vfvweK Rxeb KvUv‡bv hvq bv| Zviv hv‡`i cÖwZ m`q _v‡Kb, Zviv †mŠfvM¨evb| ZvB Zv‡`i gb
i¶v‡_©, Zv‡`i Lywk Ki‡Z me©¯^ wewj‡q w`‡ZI cÖ¯‘Z| GRb¨ †Lv‡`Rv Pvb Zv‡niv wc‡ii Kv‡Q wd‡i hvK Ges G wb‡q nv‡k‡gi cÖwZ
wci †hb Amš‘ó bv nb| wZwb Zv‡niv‡K wewfbœ fv‡e †evSv‡Z †Póv K‡ib, †m †hb wc‡ii cÖwZ Av¯’vkxj _v‡K|
DÏxc‡K Avjx mv‡n‡ei gv wc‡ii cÖwZ Pig wek¦vmx| wZwb g‡b K‡ib wci AvjÐvni wcÖq ev›`v, mKj Am¤¢e‡K m¤¢e Ki‡Z cv‡ib
Zviv| ZvB Zv‡`i cÖwZ c–Y© Av¯’v I wek¦vm iv‡Lb wZwb| wZwb g‡b K‡ib, Zv‡`i Hk¦wiK ¶gZv Av‡Q Ges G ¶gZve‡j Zviv A‡bK
wKQy Ki‡Z cv‡ib| G wek¦v‡mi ekeZ©x n‡q wZwb Avjx‡K D`&ey× K‡ib wc‡ii Kv‡Q †h‡Z| wZwb g‡b K‡ib, wci hw` Pvq Zvn‡j Avjx
mv‡ne nqZ mš@v‡bi wcZv n‡Z cvi‡eb| ZvB ejv hvq, bvU‡Ki †Rvniv †eM‡gi mv‡_ DÏxc‡Ki Avjx mv‡n‡e gv mv`„k¨c–Y©|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡K ewY©Z Avjx mv‡n‡ei gv ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwji gv †Rvniv †eM‡gi Pwi‡Îi m‡½ mv`„k¨c–Y©|
k Òcwiw¯’wZ wfbœ n‡jI DÏxc‡Ki Avjx mv‡ne I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwj GKB †PZbvq D¾xweZ|ÓÑgš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K ZrKvjxb mgv‡Ri `yó ¶Z wci cÖ_v cÖmv‡ii gvivÍK wPÎ Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| ZLb AvMvQvi g‡Zv Aeva we¯@vi jvf
K‡iwQj wci cÖ_v| abx-Mwie wbwe©‡k‡l mK‡jB Av”Qbœ wQj wci cÖ_vi `y‡e©va¨ Rv‡j| bvU‡K ¶wqòz Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwji GKgvÎ †Q‡j
nv‡kg Avwj AvaywbK wk¶vq wkw¶Z hyeK| GRb¨ nv‡kg Avwj wci cÖ_vq wek¦vm K‡i bv| Zv‡`i eRivq AvkÖq †bqv Zv‡niv wci cÖ_vi
wbg©g wkKvi| ZvB †m gv-evevi AMva wek¦vm‡K f‚jywÉZ K‡i wci cÖ_vi wei“‡× Ae¯’vb †bq| Zv‡nivi ev¯@e Amnvq Ae¯’vi K_v
ky‡b Zv‡nivi c‡¶ Ges wci cÖ_vi wei“‡× Ae¯’vb †bq|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  64
DÏxc‡Ki Avjx mv‡ne AvaywbK wk¶vq wkw¶Z AvaywbK fveavivi †jvK| †m wci cÖ_vq wek¦vm K‡i bv| wKš‘ Zvi gv Avengvb evOvwj
bvix| Zvi g¾vq wg‡k Av‡Q wci‡K AvjÐvni we‡kl ev›`v wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kivi gvbwmKZv| G Kvi‡Y cvwbcovi gva¨‡g †Q‡ji mš@vb
jv‡fi cÖZ¨vkv c–i‡Y wek¦vmx| wKš‘ Avjx mv‡ne gv‡qi Gme wPš@v-aviv‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i Wv³v‡ii Øvi¯’ nb|
DÏxc‡Ki Avjx mv‡ne Ges ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwj Df‡qB AvaywbK wk¶vq wkw¶Z| Zvi mgv‡R cÖPwjZ wci cÖ_vi wek¦vm K‡i
bv| Df‡qB mgvR †_‡K GB KzcÖ_v wejywßi c‡¶| Zviv bZzb Rxe‡bi ¯^cœ †`‡L| ZvB ejv hvq, cwiw¯’wZ wfbœ n‡jI DÏxc‡Ki Avjx
mv‡ne I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg GKB †PZbvq D¾xweZ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Òcwiw¯’wZ wfbœ n‡jI DÏxc‡Ki Avjx mv‡ne I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwj GKB †PZbvq D¾xweZ|Ó

cÖkœ  11 Kwji gv‡qi g„Zz¨i ci Zvi evev wØZxq we‡q K‡i| Kwj cov‡kvbv K‡i wb‡Ri cv‡q `uvov‡Z Pvq| wKš‘ Kwji mr gv I
Zvi evev †Rvi K‡i GK e„‡×i mv‡_ we‡q wVK K‡i| wK‡kvix Kwj eva¨ n‡q we`¨vj‡qi wk¶K‡K Rvbvq| wk¶K AvB‡bi AvkÖq wb‡q
Kwji we‡q eÜ K‡ib| Zv‡K bZzb Rxe‡bi mÜvb †`b| Kwji evevI Zvi fzj eyS‡Z cv‡i|
K. ewncx‡ii cÖ_g ¯¿x KZ eQi Av‡M gviv hvb? 1
L. ÔAvwg †hb evZ©vevnKÕ eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Kwj ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †h Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔDÏxc‡K we`¨vj‡qi wk¶K Ges ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg mg‡PZbvq wek¦vmxÕÕÑg–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
11bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h ewncx‡ii cÖ_g ¯¿x †PŠÏ eQi Av‡M gviv hvb|
i wci mv‡n‡ei AwZwi³ WvKvWvwK‡Z wei³ n‡q nv‡kg Avwj wb‡Ri m¤•‡K© cÖ‡kœv³ K_vwU e‡j|
nv‡kg Avwj‡`i eRivq AvkÖq †bq ewncxi| Gi Av‡M NUbv µ‡g AvkÖq cvq ewncx‡ii cjvZK ¯¿x Zv‡niv| `yÕR‡b eRivi `ywU Kvgivq
Ae¯’vb †bq| Zv‡niv _v‡K nv‡kg Avwji gv‡qi mv‡_ GK Kvgivq Avi ewncxi _v‡K nv‡kg Avwji evevi mv‡_ Ab¨ Kvgivq| Dfq
Kvgivi Leiv Lei Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi `vwqZ¡ c‡o nv‡kg Avwji Dci| nv‡kg Avwj Zv‡nivi g‡bvfve I Lei ewncx‡ii Kv‡Q wb‡q hvq
Avevi ewncx‡ii K_v Zv‡nivi Kv‡Q e‡j| wKš‘ nv‡kg Pvq bv ewncx‡ii Kv‡Q Zv‡niv wd‡i hvK Ges Zv‡nivI Zv Pvq bv| wKš‘ wci
Zv‡niv‡K cvIqvi Rb¨ wewfbœ gZje Av‡Ub hv nv‡k‡gi fv‡jv jv‡M bv| Ggb Ki‡Z Ki‡Z w`b †cwi‡q ivZ n‡q hvq| ZviciI wci
Avevi nv‡kg‡K Wv‡Kb| G‡Z ¶zä n‡q nv‡kg cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³i gva¨‡g wb‡Ri weiw³ cÖKvk K‡i|
Dˇii g–jK_v : mKvj †_‡K nv‡kg G Kvgiv I Kvgiv Ki‡Z Ki‡Z K¬vš@ I wei³ n‡q cÖ‡kœv³ K_vwU e‡j|
j DÏxc‡Ki Kwj ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki AÜ wci f³ Zv‡nivi evev-gv cx‡ii Lywki Rb¨ †Kv‡bvwKQy wePvi we‡ePbv bv K‡i Ges Zv‡nivi gZvgZ‡K †Zvqv°v
bv K‡i Zv‡niv‡K we‡q †`b| wKš‘ Zv‡niv ev¯@eev`x| GRb¨ †m evev-gv‡qi wm×vš@‡K †g‡b bv wb‡q cÖwZev` K‡i| wbi–cvq Zv‡niv
we‡qi Avmi †_‡K cvwj‡q ARvbvi D‡Ï‡k¨ cv evovq| Zvici AvkÖq cvq nv‡kg Avwj‡`i eRivq| nv‡kg Avwji gv Zv‡K wc‡ii
gvnvͨ eywS‡q Zvi mv‡_ P‡j hvIqvi K_ ej‡j †m AvÍnZ¨v Ki‡Z D×Z nq|
DÏxc‡K KwjI m‡PZb I AvaywbK‡PZv| ZvB †m cov‡kvbv K‡i wb‡Ri cv‡q `uvov‡Z Pvq| wKš‘ Kwji mrgv I Zvi evev †Rvi K‡i GK
e„‡×i mv‡_ Zvi we‡q wVK K‡i| wK‡kvix Kwj eva¨ n‡q ¯‹z‡ji wk¶K‡K Rvbvq| wk¶K AvB‡bi AvkÖq wb‡q Kwji we‡q eÜ K‡i
Zv‡K bZzb Rxe‡bi mÜvb †`b| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki Kwj ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Kwj ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|
k ÒDÏxc‡K we`¨vj‡qi wk¶K Ges ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg mg‡PZbvq wek¦vmxÓÑgš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki GKwU Myi“Z¡c–Y© PwiÎ nv‡kg| †m Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwji †Q‡j| Rwg`v‡ii †Q‡j n‡jI Zvi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv AnsKvi wQj
bv| eis †m AZ¨š@ gvbweK My‡Y MyYvwš^Z GKRb mycyil wQj| Amnvq gvby‡li cv‡k `uvov‡bvi gva¨‡g †m gvbweKZvi cwiPq w`‡qwQj|
e„× ewncxi hLb †Rvic–e©K Zv‡niv‡K we‡q K‡i Ges wb‡Ri mv‡_ K‡i wb‡q †h‡Z Pvq ZLb nv‡kg Zv‡niv‡K wc‡ii nvZ †_‡K
euvwP‡qwQj| GgbwK Zv‡niv‡K wb‡q cvwo Rwg‡qwQj ARvbvi D‡Ï‡k¨|
DÏxc‡K Avgiv mvgvwRK Am½wZi GKwU wPÎ †`L‡Z cvB| †mLv‡b GK evev I mrgv Zv‡`i †g‡q Kwj‡K AwaK eq¯‹ GK e„‡×i
mv‡_ we‡q wVK K‡i| wKš‘ G Amg we‡q‡Z †Nvi AvcwË Rvbvq Kwj| wK‡kvix Kwj eva¨ n‡q we`¨vj‡qi wk¶K‡K NUbvwU Rvbvq|
wk¶K Ae¯’v †`‡L AvB‡bi AvkÖq wb‡q Kwji we‡q eÜ K‡ib| wk¶K Kwj‡K bZzb Rxe‡bi mÜvb †`b Ges Kwji evev I Zvi fzj
eyS‡Z cv‡i|
DÏxc‡Ki wk¶‡Ki m‡½ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwji wgj Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq| Df‡q e„‡×i mv‡_ we‡q nIqv ev wVK nIqv Zv‡niv I
Kwji we‡q †f‡½ †`q| Zviv G Awbqg †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡iwb| Zviv bZzb w`‡bi AMÖcw_K, ZvB Zviv mg‡PZbvq wek¦vmx|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡K we`¨vj‡qi wk¶K Ges ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg mg‡PZbvq wek¦vmx ÑDw³wU h_v_©|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  65

wm‡jU †evW©Ñ2024 †mU : N

evsjv cÖ_g cÎ (eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶v) welq †KvW : 1 0 1

[2024 mv‡ji wm‡jevm Abyhvqx]
mgq : 30 wgwbU c–Y©gvb : 30
[we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶vi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg–n n‡Z mwVK/m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU
Kv‡jv Kvwji ej c‡q›U Kjg Øviv m¤•–Y© fivU K‡iv| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb- 1|] cÖkœc‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|
 wb‡Pi KweZvskwU c‡o 1 I 2 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 15. Kwe wbg©‡j›`y MyY iwPZ wkky‡Zvl Dcb¨vm †KvbwU?
Avwg b„Z¨-cvMj Q›`, E evsjvi gvwU evsjvi Rj F Avcb `‡ji gvbyl
Avwg Avcbvi Zv‡j †b‡P hvB,  G cÂvk mnmª el© H Kv‡jv‡g‡Ni †fjv
Avwg gy³ Rxebvb›`|  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 16 I 17 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
1. DÏxc‡Ki ÔAvwgÕi mv‡_ Kvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? i–‡ci bvB †Zv †kl †Zvgvi
E Sibvi F `“M©vi G eyavi H myfvi  Avgvi wcÖq Rš§f‚wg
2. D³ mv`„‡k¨i KviY Kx? fv‡jvevwm mey‡Ri mgv‡ivn
E D`vi cÖK…wZ F †Lqvj ¯^fveG ¯^vaxb‡PZv gb H MwZgqZv mwZ¨B Aci–c Zzwg|
3. †hme gvbyl A_©wPš@vq wbgMœ, Zviv m¶g bqÑ 16. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ †Kvb iPbvwUi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q?
i. gyw³ jv‡f ii. gbyl¨Z¡ AR©‡b iii. Rxeb‡K Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z E Avg-AuvwUi †fucy F cÖevm eÜy
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?  G Sibvi Mvb H K‡cvZv¶ b`
E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii 17. DÏxcKwU †Kvb w`K †_‡K mv`„k¨c–Y©?
4. ÔivbviÕ KweZvq Kwei g–jfvebv Kx? i. ¯§„wZKvZiZv ii. ¯^‡`k †cÖg iii. cÖK…wZi eY©bv
E kÖgRxex gvby‡li Rxeb-RxweKv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
F kÖgRxex gvby‡li cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Kiv Ei F i I ii G i I iii H ii I iii
 G gvbyl wn‡m‡e kÖgRxex gvby‡li gnË¡ 18. ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü †jLK ÔAvgv‡`i RvZ gvbyl n‡eÕ ej‡Z †evSv‡Z
H †kvwlZ-ewÂZ gvbyl‡`i K_v †P‡q‡Qb, mK‡jÑ
5. Ô†gviv GKwU dzj‡K euvPv‡ev e‡j hy× KwiÕÑPiYwU †Zvgvi cvV¨eB‡qi E gvbyl n‡e F mvwnZ¨PP©v Ki‡e
†Kvb KweZvi fv‡ei m‡½ mv`„k¨c–Y©?  G mywkw¶Z n‡e H jvB‡eªwi cÖwZôv Ki‡e
E †Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨ †n ¯^vaxbZv 19. cÖavb wk¶K ej‡jb, Ô†Zvgiv evwoi AvwObvq Zzjwm, G‡jv‡fiv MvQ
F ¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jv jvMv‡e, KviY GMy‡jv Jlwa MvQ|ÕÑcÖavb wk¶‡Ki e³e¨ ÔwbgMvQÕ
 G e½evYx H Rxeb-m½xZ M‡í Kvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i?
6. ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq Kwei ¯§„wZKvZiZvi gva¨‡g Kx cÖKvwkZ E KweivR F Kwe G weÁ H M„n¯’
n‡q‡Q? 20. ÔwbqwZÕ Mí †_‡K Avgiv hv wkL‡Z cvwiÑ
E b`xcÖwZ F †`k‡cÖg G m„RbkxjZv H †mŠ›`h© m„wó i. cÖvYxi cÖwZ ms‡e`bkxjZv ii. KzKzi cÖfzf³ cÖvYx
7. mvwn‡Z¨i wPiš@b D‡Ïk¨ Kx? iii. cÖK…wZi mevB ci¯•i wbf©ikxj
E AvÍZ…wß F PwiÎ wPÎY G m„RbkxjZv H †mŠ›`h© m„wó wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
8. eyav †evjZvi WvK‡K Kx‡mi m‡½ Zzjbv K‡i? E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii
E PvwPi Kɯ^i F gvBbwe‡ùvi‡Yi kã 21. ÔAvgvi Mv †Nu‡l e‡m cojÕцK e‡m coj?
 G wgwjUvwii ey‡Ui kã H evRv‡i Ni †cvovi kã E †LvKv F AfvMx G ggZvw` H KvOvjx
 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 9 I 10bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 22. Ph©vc‡`i cvÊywjwc †K Avwe®‹vi K‡ib?
A‡UvPvjK †mv‡nj‡K UvKvi wewbg‡q wKQy A‰ea wRwbmcÎ en‡bi E nvRx kixqZ F nicÖmv` kv¯¿x
cÖ¯@ve w`‡j †mv‡nj mvd Rvwb‡q w`j ÔMwie n‡Z cvwi m¨vi, ZvB  G `w¶YviÄb wgÎ H Aeb VvKzi
e‡j †R‡b-ey‡S Ab¨vq Ki‡Z cvwi bv|Õ 23. Ô†K †`Lv‡jv gnvcÖwZ‡ivaÕÑ cÖwZ‡iv‡ai m¤•K©h³ y Kviv?
9. †mv‡n‡ji mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? E evOvwj RvwZ F cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi evwnbx
E nwKKzjÐvn F †Lv‡`Rv G nv‡Zg Avwj H nv‡kg Avwj  G wgÎ evwnbx H cvwK¯@vwb †mbvevwnbx
10. D³ PwiÎwU †h Kvi‡Y mv`„k¨c–Y©Ñ 24. ÔAvwg wQjvg GLv‡bÕÑKwe ÔGLv‡bÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb?
i. AnsKvi ii. m‡PZbZv iii. gvbweK g–j¨‡eva E euvk evMvb‡K F wbwk›`vi Qvqv‡K
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?  G ¯^‡`k‡K H cy‡ei cyKzi‡K
E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii 25. Kwe Kx‡mi Aš@iv‡j nvwi‡q †h‡Z Pvb?
11. ÔAvwg wK eKwi C‡`i †Mvi“ QvMj bv wK?ÕÑ Zv‡nivi G Dw³‡Z Kx E cÖK…wZi F Kvbœv-nvwmiG gvbweKZvi H fv‡jvevmvi
cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? 26. Ôf¨vjv n‡jv †`wL j¨vVvÕцgvjÐv mv‡n‡ei GK_vq †KvbwU cÖKvk cvq?
E †¶vf F cÖwZev` G N„Yv H nZvkv E AeÁv F Dcnvm G N„Yv H weiw³
12. Ôhy× QvovI giY _v‡KÕÑGLv‡b ÔgiYÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 27. hZbf‡i gš¿x wb‡q G‡jvÑ
E AZ¨vPvi F fq  G ¶zav H civaxbZv E Ávbx-MyYx F hš¿x G bm¨ H SuvUv
13. Ô1971 mv‡j gyw³hy× kyi“ n‡j cvovi mvey I mvRy hy‡× Rwo‡q 28. †KvbwU †mŠw` Avi‡ei cÖ‡`k?
c‡oÕÑmvey I mvRyi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c–Y© PwiÎÑ E g°v F gw`bv G †RÏv H Zv‡qd
E Avwj, wgVz F eyav, Avwj 29. †K myfvi Mv PvU‡Zv?
 G Avwj, gay H kvnveywÏb, eyav E QvMj F weovj G cv½ywj H me©kx
14. ÔAvjvDwχbi Avðh© cÖ`xcÕÑMíwUi NUbv¯’j †Kvb †`‡k? 30. 1971 mv‡j 5B †m‡Þ¤^i Kx evi wQj?
E Bivb F Pxb  G Avie H wmwiqv E kwbevi F iweevi G †mvgevi H g½jevi

 Lvwj NiMy‡jv‡Z †cbwmj w`‡q DËiMy‡jv †j‡Lv| Gici QR †Kv‡W cÖ`Ë DËigvjvi mv‡_ wgwj‡q †`‡Lv †Zvgvi DËiMy‡jv mwVK wK bv|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
DËi

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  66

wm‡jU †evW©Ñ2024
evsjv cÖ_g cÎ (m„Rbkxj cÖkœ) †mU : 03
[2024 mv‡ji wm‡jevm Abyhvqx] welq †KvW : 1 0 1
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[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c–Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcKMy‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i c‡ov Ges mswkÐó cÖkœMy‡jvi DËi `vI| K wefvM (M`¨) n‡Z
Kgc‡¶ `ywU, L wefvM (KweZv) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ `ywU, M wefvM (Dcb¨vm) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwU Ges N wefvM (bvUK) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwU K‡i †gvU
mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e| GKB cÖ‡kœi Dˇi mvay I PwjZ fvlvixwZi wgkÖY `–lYxq|]
K wefvM : M`¨
1| cÖwZeÜxiv Rxe‡bi ¯^vfvweK avivq Ab¨‡`i g‡Zv mgvbZv‡j GwM‡q †h‡Z cv‡i bv| wKš‘ mwVK g‡bv‡hvM, mn‡hvwMZv I
my‡hvM-myweav †c‡j ZvivI `yt‡Li AÜKvi †Q‡o Av‡jwKZ Rxe‡bi AwaKvix n‡Z cv‡i| GgbwK n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i we‡k¦i †kÖô I
e‡iY¨ e¨w³‡`i GKRb| gnvKwe †nvgvi GKRb `„wó cÖwZeÜx wQ‡jb| BwjqvW I‡Wwm ZuviB m„wó|
K. myfvi MÖv‡gi bvg Kx? 1
L. Ô†m fvlvwewkó RxeÕÑ Kvi m¤•‡K© Ges †Kvb cÖm‡½ GK_v ejv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki †nvgv‡ii m‡½ ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi wgj cvIqv hvq? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi mgMÖfve cÖKvk Ki‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Q Kx? †Zvgvi Dˇii mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
2| `kg †kÖwYi wk¶v_©x †hvev‡q‡ii cÖej †SuvK eB covi cÖwZ| cvV¨eB‡qi evB‡i KweZv, Dcb¨vm, mvBÝwdKkb, †Mv‡q›`v Kvwnwb
BZ¨vw` wel‡q Zvi we¯@i AvMÖn| Zvi evevI Zv‡K eB co‡Z I eB wKb‡Z DrmvwnZ K‡ib| covi AvMÖn †`‡L evev Zv‡K
wek¦mvwnZ¨ †K‡›`ªi åvg¨gvY jvB‡eªwi‡Z fwZ© K‡i †`b| GKw`b †m wek¦mvwnZ¨ †K‡›`ªi jvB‡eªwii m`m¨ nq|
K. wk¶vi me©cÖavb A½ Kx? 1
L. g‡bi nvmcvZvj ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki g–jfve ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`‡Ki mv‡_ mv`„k¨c–Y©? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔDÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi Askwe‡kl eY©bv gvÎ|Õ Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv wbi–cY K‡iv| 4
3| GK`v iv‡Z nvRx gynv¤§` gynmxb Nygvw”Q‡jb| gvSiv‡Z GKwU k‡ã Zvi Nyg †f‡O hvq| wZwb †`L‡jb Zvi N‡i GKRb AcwiwPZ
†jvK Xz‡K‡Q| gynmxb ej‡jb, Ô†K Zzwg? Avgvi N‡i †Kb cÖ‡ek K‡iQ?Õ †jvKwU mf‡q ejj, ÔAvwg wZb w`b a‡i wKQy LvBwb, Avgvi
Kv‡Q †Kv‡bv UvKv cqmv bvB|Õ gynmx‡bi `qv n‡jv| wZwb †jvKwU‡K wKQy UvKv w`‡q we`vq Ki‡jb|
K. mK‡ji gnvhvÎv Kvi w`‡K? 1
L. gnvbwe (m.) gvby‡li GKRb n‡qI `yj©f †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K nvRx gynv¤§` gynmx‡bi Kg©Kv‡Ê Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? eY©bv K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ w`KwU Ôgvbyl gyn¤§‡` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi mgMÖZv‡K avi‡Y m¶g bqÑ gš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv hvPvB K‡iv| 4
4| ¯^vaxbZv Zzwg,
gRyi hyevi †iv‡` SjwmZ `¶ evûi MÖwš’i †cwk|
¯^vaxbZv Zzwg,
AÜKv‡ii Luv Luv mxgv‡š@ gyw³‡mbvi †Pv‡Li wSwjK|
¯^vaxbZv Zzwg,
e‡Ui Qvqvq Zi“Y †gavex wk¶v_©xi
kvwYZ K_vq Sjmvwb jvMv m‡ZR fvlY|
K. †Mv‡qejm †K? 1
L. Ôgyw³‡dŠRÕ K_vwU †jwLKvi Kv‡Q fvix g‡b n‡qwQj †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi †Kvb w`KwUi cÖwZ Bw½Z K‡i? e¨vLv K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi m¤•–Y© fve‡K aviY K‡i‡Q wK? †Zvgvi gZvgZ e¨³ K‡iv| 4
L wefvM : KweZv
5| eiKZ, mvjvg, ReŸvi, iwdK cÖgyL fvlvkwn`| 1952 mv‡j gvZ…fvlv‡K ivó«fvlvi `vwe‡Z Zuviv ivRc‡_ wgwQj K‡i kwn` nb|
Zuv‡`i GB AvÍZ¨v‡Mi d‡j Avgiv gvZ…fvlv evsjvi ivó«xq ¯^xK…wZ †c‡qwQ| Zuv‡`i GB AvÍ`vb RvwZ K…ZÁZvi mv‡_ ¯§iY Ki‡Q|
K. ÔnvwejvlÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? 1
L. hviv evOvwj n‡qI evsjv fvlv‡K N„Yv K‡i Zv‡`i m¤•‡K© Kwe Ave`yj nvwK‡gi AwfgZ eY©bv K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z wel‡qi mv‡_ Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi welqe¯‘i mv`„k¨My‡jv eY©bv K‡iv| 3
N. Òwel‡qi mv`„k¨ _vK‡jI DÏxcK I Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi Kwei g‡bvfve wfbœavivq DrmvwiZ|Ó Dw³wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  67

6| GKgvÎ †Q‡j Kwig †W½yR‡¡ i Avµvš@ n‡j Zvi gv iwngv †eMg Zv‡K GKwU bvgKiv nvmcvZv‡j fwZ© Kivb| Amy¯’ †Q‡j‡K wb‡q
w`‡knviv gv gnvb m„wóKZ©vi Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv K‡ib| †Q‡ji my¯’Zvi Rb¨ gv †ivRv gvbZ K‡ib| DbœZ wPwKrmvi j‡¶¨ wZwb †Q‡j‡K
we‡`‡k wb‡q hvIqvi K_v fv‡eb| Amy¯’ Kwig‡K †`L‡Z bvbviKg djg–j wb‡q AvÍxq-¯^Rb nvmcvZv‡j fxo Rgvq|
K. Svgyi Szgyi Kx ev‡R? 1
L. ÔP‡j ey‡bv c‡_ †RvbvwK †g‡qiv Kzqvkv Kvdb awiÕÑPiYwU eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi ˆemv`„k¨ wePvi K‡iv| 3
N. AcZ¨ †ø‡ni Awbevh© AvKl©‡Yi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki iwngv †eMg I cwjÐRbbxi g‡a¨ Zzjbvg–jK Av‡jvPbv K‡iv| 4
7| G‡m‡Q bZzb wkky, Zv‡K †Q‡o w`‡Z n‡e ¯’vb;
RxY© c„w_ex‡Z e¨_©, g„Z Avi aŸsm¯@–c-wc‡V|
P‡j †h‡Z n‡e Avgv‡`i|
P‡j hve-Zey AvR hZ¶Y †`‡n Av‡Q cÖvY
cÖvYc‡Y c„w_exi miv‡ev RÄvj,
G wek¦‡K G-wkkyi evm‡hvM¨ K‡i hv‡ev AvwgÑ
beRvZ‡Ki Kv‡Q G Avgvi `„p A½xKvi|
K. `viv k‡ãi A_© Kx? 1
L. Kxfv‡e f‡ei DbœwZ Kiv hvq? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvi †Kvb welqwU DÏxc‡K dz‡U D‡V‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔeY©bvq ˆewPΨ _vK‡jI ÔRxeb-msMxZÕ KweZv I DÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ GKB|ÕÑgš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv hvPvB K‡iv| 4
M wefvM : Dcb¨vm
8| 7B gvP© fvlY w`‡jb RvwZi wcZv e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb| IB fvl‡Y wZwb ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi WvK †`b| †gv¯@dv Kvgvj
ZLb PweŸk eQ‡ii hyeK| e½eÜyi fvlY ky‡b Zvi eyK dz‡j I‡V| GwcÖj 1971| cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi evwnbx GwM‡q Avm‡Q
eªvþYevwoqvi w`‡K| Zv‡`i †VKv‡bvi Rb¨ †gv¯@dv Kvgvjmn gyw³‡hv×viv Ae¯’vb wb‡q‡Q `i“Bb MÖv‡g|
K. gyw³evwnbxi KgvÛvi †K? 1
L. eyavi gvwU KvUvi `‡j †hvM`v‡bi KviY Kx? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Zv eY©bv K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki †gv¯@dv Kvgvj‡K ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi Pwi‡Îi mv_©K cÖwZwbwa ejv hvq wK? †Zvgvi mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
9| Zzwg i³-AvMyb, ey‡jU-†evgv
AvZ©bv` †cwi‡q cvIqv Ô¯^vaxbZvÕ|
ÔZzwg Avgvi j¶fvB‡qi i‡³i jvj e„ËÕ!
meyR kvwoi wVK gvSLv‡b i‡³i c–Y© Puv`!
Zzwg Avgvi M‡R© IVv †mvbvwj mKvj...
K. eyav `ytL‡K Kx fv‡e? 1
L. ÔAvgiv wZb Rb bB, GKRbÕ K_vwU Øviv Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_gvs‡k ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki †kl `yB Pi‡Yi †PZbv ev¯@evq‡b ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m eyavi Ae`vb we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
N wefvM : bvUK
10| Rvgvj mv‡ne GKRb bvgKiv wci| †`‡ki mviv A‡j Zvi gywi` Av‡Q| cvwb cov, ZvweR †`Iqv, wR‡bi gva¨‡g wPwKrmv K‡ib
wZwb| Gfv‡eB gywi`‡`i KvQ †_‡K A_©Kwo Avq K‡ib| wc‡ii GKgvÎ †Q‡j Avwid Gme cQ›` K‡i bv| †m Pvq †jLvcov K‡i †m
Wv³vi n‡e| gvby‡li wPwKrmvmn bvbv iKg †mev Ki‡e| cwiev‡ii mevB Pvq Avwid Zvi evevi †ckv Pvwj‡q hvK|
K. †Kvb AvB‡b nv‡Zg Avwji Rwg`vwi wbjv‡g D‡V‡Q? 1
L. Ôwe‡q n‡jv ZKw`‡ii K_vÕÑe¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K Rvgv‡ji mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †h Pwi‡Îi wgj Av‡Q Zv eY©bv K‡iv| 3
N. ÒeY©bvq ˆewPΨ _vK‡jI DÏxc‡Ki Avwid Ges ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Df‡qi fvebv GKB avivq DrmvwiZ|Ó ÑDw³wUi
†hŠw³KZv †`LvI| 4
11| kixd mv‡n‡ei ¯¿xi g„Zz¨i ci wbtm½ Rxebhvcb Ki‡Qb, wZwb wbqwgZ bvgvR-†ivRvmn `xN©w`b gmwR` I GwZgLvbvq mvnvh¨
K‡i Avm‡Qb| cÖ‡qvR‡b Amnvq gvby‡li cv‡k `uvovb| kixd mv‡n‡ei Kvh©Kjvc †`‡L gy» n‡q wcZ…nxb evwjKv †ikgv Zv‡K
†¯^”Qvq we‡q K‡i myLx n‡Z Pvq|
K. m–h©v¯@ AvBb KZ mv‡j cÖYxZ nq? 1
L. Ômvevm †g‡q ZzwgÕ Zv‡niv‡K G K_v ejvi KviY Kx? 2
M. DÏxcKwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki g–j welqe¯‘‡K aviY K‡i wK? hyw³mn Dc¯’vcb K‡iv| 3
N. ÒÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki ewncx‡ii gvbwmKZv DÏxc‡Ki kixd mv‡n‡ei g‡Zv n‡j bvU‡Ki cwiYwZ wfbœ n‡ZvÓÑ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  68

DËigvjv
eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶v
1 K 2 N 3 N 4 M 5 K 6 L 7 N 8 K 9 M 10 M 11 L 12 M 13 K 14 L 15 N
DËi

16 L 17 N 18 M 19 M 20 N 21 M 22 L 23 K 24 M 25 L 26 N 27 K 28 N 29 M 30 L

m„Rbkxj
cÖkœ  01 cÖwZeÜxiv Rxe‡bi ¯^vfvweK avivq Ab¨‡`i g‡Zv mgvbZv‡j GwM‡q †h‡Z cv‡i bv| wKš‘ mwVK g‡bv‡hvM, mn‡hvwMZv I
my‡hvM-myweav †c‡j ZvivI `yt‡Li AÜKvi †Q‡o Av‡jwKZ Rxe‡bi AwaKvix n‡Z cv‡i| GgbwK n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i we‡k¦i †kÖô I e‡iY¨
e¨w³‡`i GKRb| gnvKwe †nvgvi GKRb `„wó cÖwZeÜx wQ‡jb| BwjqvW I‡Wwm ZuviB m„wó|
K. myfvi MÖv‡gi bvg Kx? 1
L. Ô†m fvlvwewkó RxeÕÑ Kvi m¤•‡K© Ges †Kvb cÖm‡½ GK_v ejv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki †nvgv‡ii m‡½ ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi wgj cvIqv hvq? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi mgMÖfve cÖKvk Ki‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Q Kx? †Zvgvi Dˇii mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
1bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h myfvi MÖv‡gi bvg PÛxcyi|
i Ô†m fvlvwewkó Rxe|ÕÑK_vwU myfvi m½x cÖZvc m¤•‡K© ejv n‡q‡Q|
ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfv K_v ej‡Z cv‡i bv| cwievi I cÖwZ‡ekx‡`i KvQ †_‡K †m wb‡R‡K `–‡i mwi‡q †bq| evwoi `ywU Mvfx, weovj, MvQcvjv I
b`xi m‡½ †m mL¨ M‡o †Zv‡j| GivI myfvi g‡Zv fvlvnxb| GB fvlvnxb‡`i evB‡i myfvi Av‡iKRb m½x Av‡Q| †jL‡Ki g‡Z, †m DbœZ
†kÖwYi Rxe| †m fvlvwewkó cÖvYx| Zvi bvg cÖZvc, †MuvmvB‡`i †Qv‡Uv †Q‡j| myfvi MywUK‡qK m½xi g‡a¨ cÖZvcB GKgvÎ K_v ej‡Z cv‡i,
†mB cÖm‡½ †jLK cÖ‡kœv³ K_vwU e‡j‡Qb|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Ô†m fvlvwewkó Rxe|ÕÑK_vwU myfvi m½x cÖZvc m¤•‡K© ejv n‡q‡Q|
j DÏxc‡Ki †nvgv‡ii m‡½ ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfv Pwi‡Îi wgj cvIqv hvq|
ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfv GKRb evK&cÖwZeÜx| K_v ej‡Z bv cvivq e¨w³Rxe‡b †m bvbv mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡q‡Q| cÖwZeÜx nIqvq myfv Zvi
gv‡qi wbKU †_‡K Kvw¸¶Z fv‡jvevmv cvqwb| gv Zv‡K M‡f©i Kj¼ g‡b K‡i‡Qb| cvov-cÖwZ‡ewkivI Zv‡K wb‡q bvbv KU‚ K_v
e‡j‡Q| Gfv‡e M‡íi cy‡ivfvM Ry‡o myfv mgv‡Ri †evSv wn‡m‡eB cÖZxqgvb n‡q‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki †nvgvi GKRb `„wócÖwZeÜx wQ‡jb| Z‡e wZwb `„wócÖwZeÜx n‡jI Zvi gvbwmK weKvk h_vh_fv‡eB n‡qwQj| GRb¨B wZwb
ÔBwjqvWÕ I ÔI‡WwmÕ bvgK weL¨vZ gnvKve¨ iPbv Ki‡Z m¶g n‡qwQ‡jb| GKBfv‡e ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfv GKRb evK&cÖwZeÜx|
cÖwZeÜxZvi Kvi‡Y mK‡ji Abv`i I Ae‡njvq †e‡o DV‡Z nq Zv‡K| Z‡e cÖwZeÜx n‡jI †m wQj Abyfe F×| wb‡Ri Aš@i`„wó
w`‡qB Pvicv‡ki mewKQy‡K †evSvi †Póv KiZ †m| Zvi Ggb cÖK…wZ Av‡jvP¨ DÏxc‡K gnvKwe †nvgv‡ii Ae¯’v‡KB wb‡`©k K‡i| Gw`K
†_‡K Zv‡`i g‡a¨ wgj cvIqv hvq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : cÖwZeÜxZvi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki †nvgv‡ii m‡½ ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfv Pwi‡Îi wgj cvIqv hvq|
k DÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi mgMÖfve cÖKvk Ki‡Z m¶g nqwb e‡jB Avwg g‡b Kwi|
myfv GKRb evK&cÖwZeÜx| ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi fwel¨‡Zi K_v †f‡e Zvi evev-gv AZ¨š@ `ywðš@v K‡i| GgbwK myfv wb‡RI wb‡Ri
`yie¯’vi K_v †f‡e gvbwmKfv‡e †f‡O c‡o| GRb¨ myfv Zvi cÖwZeÜxZv‡K Rq Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| kyay ZvB bq, mgv‡Ri gvbylI Zv‡K
wb‡q bvbv iKg KUzw³ KiZ| GgbwK Zvi gv‡qi wbK‡UI †m Pvigfv‡e AeÁvi wkKvi n‡q‡Q| Gfv‡e myfv Zvi cÖwZeÜx Rxe‡bi
A‡bK Acgvb bxi‡e mn¨ K‡i‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki †nvgvi GKRb `„wócÖwZeÜx| Z‡e GRb¨ wZwb `‡g hvbwb| wbR †Póv I mvabvq wZwb ÔBwjqvWÕ I ÔI‡WwmÕ bvgK `ywU weL¨vZ
gnvKve¨ iPbv K‡ib| Zvi AmvaviY Kg©Kv‡Êi Rb¨ wZwb c„w_exi BwZnv‡m wPi¯§iYxq n‡q Av‡Qb| GKRb `„wócÖwZeÜx n‡qI wZwb †h
K…wZZ¡ cÖ`k©b K‡i‡Qb Zv A‡bK `„wóm¤•bœ gvby‡li wbKUI A‡bK KwVb| Avi G KwVb Kg©wUB Abvqv‡m m¤•bœ K‡ib gnvKwe †nvgvi|
ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi welqe¯‘ DÏxc‡Ki Zzjbvq A‡bK †ewk we¯@„Z| KviY, DÏxc‡K †Kej †nvgv‡ii `„wócÖwZeÜxZv I Zvi gnvKve¨ iPbvi
w`KwU dz‡U I‡V‡Q| c¶vš@‡i, ÔmyfvÕ M‡í myfvi cÖwZeÜx Rxe‡bi weo¤^bv, Zvi cÖwZ gv‡qi AeÁv, MÖvgxY cÖK…wZ, cÖZv‡ci †¯^”QvPvix
g‡bvfve, wcZvi wm×v‡š@ Zvi AwbwðZ Rxe‡b cv evov‡bvi Bw½Zmn bvbv welq dz‡U D‡V‡Q| DÏxc‡K GmKj wel‡qi D‡jÐL †bB|
†mLv‡b gnvKwe †nvgv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q †Kej myfvi cÖwZeÜxZvi w`KwUB dz‡U D‡V‡Q, Ab¨vb¨ welq bq| †m we‡ePbvq, DÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘
ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi GKwU we‡kl fve‡K cÖKvk Ki‡jI mgMÖfve‡K cÖKvk Ki‡Z m¶g nqwb|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi mgMÖfve cÖKvk Ki‡Z m¶g nqwb|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  69

cÖkœ  02 `kg †kÖwYi wk¶v_©x †hvev‡q‡ii cÖej †SuvK eB covi cÖwZ| cvV¨eB‡qi evB‡i KweZv, Dcb¨vm, mvBÝwdKkb, †Mv‡q›`v
Kvwnwb BZ¨vw` wel‡q Zvi we¯@i AvMÖn| Zvi evevI Zv‡K eB co‡Z I eB wKb‡Z DrmvwnZ K‡ib| covi AvMÖn †`‡L evev Zv‡K
wek¦mvwnZ¨ †K‡›`ªi åvg¨gvY jvB‡eªwi‡Z fwZ© K‡i †`b| GKw`b †m wek¦mvwnZ¨ †K‡›`ªi jvB‡eªwii m`m¨ nq|
K. wk¶vi me©cÖavb A½ Kx? 1
L. g‡bi nvmcvZvj ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki g–jfve ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`‡Ki mv‡_ mv`„k¨c–Y©? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔDÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi Askwe‡kl eY©bv gvÎ|Õ Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv wbi–cY K‡iv| 4
2bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h wk¶vi me©cÖavb A½ n‡jv mvwnZ¨PP©v|
i g‡bi nvmcvZvj ej‡Z jvB‡eªwi‡K †evSvq|
ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü †jL‡Ki g‡Z, ¯‹zj-K‡jR eZ©gv‡b Avgv‡`i †h ¶wZ K‡i‡Q, Zvi cÖwZKv‡ii Rb¨ kyay bM‡i bM‡i bq, MÖv‡g MÖv‡g,
jvB‡eªwi cÖwZôv Kiv KZ©e¨| †Kbbv nvmcvZvj †hgb Avgv‡`i †`‡ni AmyL mvivq, jvB‡eªwii eB †Zgwb Avgv‡`i g‡bi ¶zav wgwU‡q
gb‡K my¯’-m‡ZR I cÖdzjÐ K‡i †Zv‡j| ZvB jvB‡eªwi nvmcvZv‡ji †P‡q Kg DcKvix bq| Avi Avgv‡`i wk¶vi eZ©gvb Ae¯’vq
jvB‡eªwi n‡”Q GKiKg g‡bi nvmcvZvj|
Dˇii g–jK_v : g‡bi nvmcvZvj ej‡Z jvB‡eªwi‡K †evSvq|
j DÏxc‡Ki g–jfve ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü DwjÐwLZ mvwnZ¨PP©vi Myi“‡Z¡i w`KwUi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c–Y©|
ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü cÖvewÜK Avgv‡`i cÖPwjZ wk¶v e¨e¯’vi ΓwUi K_v Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| G ai‡bi e¨e¯’vq wk¶v_©xi Awfi“wP‡K AMÖvn¨
K‡i Zv‡K wbw`©ó wel‡q co‡Z eva¨ Kiv nq| d‡j wk¶vi cÖwZ Zvi AvMÖnB webó n‡q hvq| G‡¶‡Î wk¶v_©x‡`i i“wPgvwdK Avb›`gq
wk¶vc×wZB cv‡i Zv‡`i h_v_© wkw¶Z K‡i Zzj‡Z|
DÏxc‡Ki †hvev‡q‡ii eB covi cÖwZ cÖej †SuvK| ZvB cvV¨ eB‡qi evB‡iI †m wewfbœ iK‡gi eB c‡o| Avi Zvi evevI Zv‡K eB co‡Z
I eB wKb‡Z DrmvwnZ K‡ib| e¯‘Z, mvwnZ¨PP©vi mydj m¤•‡K© IqvwKenj e‡jB wZwb GgbwU K‡ib| Av‡jvP¨ ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡ÜI
cÖvewÜK mvwnZ¨PP©v‡K †`‡L‡Qb mywkw¶Z nIqvi Dcvq wn‡m‡e| Zuvi g‡Z, †h‡nZz Avgv‡`i ¯‹zj-K‡jR †_‡K AwR©Z wk¶v c–Y©v½ bq,
†m‡nZz jvB‡eªwi‡Z wM‡q e¨w³ Zvi mvg_©¨ I AvMÖn Abyhvqx eB c‡o mywkw¶Z n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i| DÏxc‡Ki g–jfv‡e dz‡U IVv mvwnZ¨PP©vi
cÖwZ †hvev‡qi I Zvi evevi AvMÖn Av‡jvP¨ cÖe‡Üi cÖvew܇Ki GB fvebvi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c–Y©|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki †hvev‡qi I Zvi evev mvwnZ¨PP©vi cÖwZ AvMÖnx, †hgbwU ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi cÖvewÜK cÖZ¨vkv K‡i‡Qb| G w`K †_‡K
DÏxc‡Ki g–jfve Av‡jvP¨ cÖe‡Üi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c–Y©|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi Askwe‡kl eY©bv gvÎ|ÓÑ Dw³wU h_v_© e‡jB Avwg g‡b Kwi|
ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü mvwnZ¨PP©vi Myi“Z¡ m¤•‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖvew܇Ki g‡Z, h_v_© wkw¶Z nIqvi Rb¨ mvwnZ¨PP©vi †Kv‡bv
weKí †bB| †Kbbv, mvwnZ¨PP©vi gva¨‡gB †gav I gbbkxjZvi weKvk m¤¢e| ZvQvov g‡bi cwiZ…wßi Rb¨I mvwnZ¨PP©v Z_v eB cov
Avek¨K| Avi eB covi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb jvB‡eªwi cÖwZôv Kiv| e¯‘Z, jvB‡eªwi n‡jv gvby‡li g‡bi nvmcvZvj|
DÏxc‡Ki †hvev‡qi eB co‡Z fv‡jvev‡m| cvV¨eB‡qi evB‡i wewea eB covi cÖwZ Zvi cÖej AvKl©Y i‡q‡Q| GRb¨ Zvi evev Zv‡K wek¦
mvwnZ¨ †K‡›`ªi åvg¨gvY jvB‡eªwi‡Z fwZ© K‡i †`b| G‡Z K‡i Zvi mvwnZ¨PP©vi c_ myMg nq| Gfv‡e wewfbœ ai‡bi eB c‡o †m wb‡Ri
†gav‡K AviI kvwbZ Ki‡Z m¶g nq| GiB avivevwnKZvq GKw`b †m wek¦mvwnZ¨ †K‡›`ªi jvB‡eªwii m`m¨ nq|
ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü cÖvewÜK mvwnZ¨PP©vi cvkvcvwk Avgv‡`i cÖPwjZ wk¶ve¨e¯’vi ΓwU, †¯^”Qvq eB covi cÖwZ Avgv‡`i Abxnv Ges
mvwnZ¨PP©vi mydj m¤•‡K© m‡›`n cÖf…wZ welq Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| DÏxc‡K Gme wel‡qi D‡jÐL †bB| †mLv‡b †Kej †hvev‡q‡ii eB covi
cÖwZ AvMÖ‡ni welqwU dz‡U I‡V‡Q, Ab¨vb¨ welq bq| G `„wó‡KvY †_‡K ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi mgMÖ fve bq;
eis Ask we‡kl‡K aviY K‡i‡Q| G we‡ePbvq cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³wU h_v_©|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ÔDÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi Askwe‡kl eY©bv gvÎ|Õ
cÖkœ  03 GK`v iv‡Z nvRx gynv¤§` gynmxb Nygvw”Q‡jb| gvSiv‡Z GKwU k‡ã Zvi Nyg †f‡O hvq| wZwb †`L‡jb Zvi N‡i GKRb
AcwiwPZ †jvK Xz‡K‡Q| gynmxb ej‡jb, Ô†K Zzwg? Avgvi N‡i †Kb cÖ‡ek K‡iQ?Õ †jvKwU mf‡q ejj, ÔAvwg wZb w`b a‡i wKQy LvBwb,
Avgvi Kv‡Q †Kv‡bv UvKv cqmv bvB|Õ gynmx‡bi `qv n‡jv| wZwb †jvKwU‡K wKQy UvKv w`‡q we`vq Ki‡jb|
K. mK‡ji gnvhvÎv Kvi w`‡K? 1
L. gnvbwe (m.) gvby‡li GKRb n‡qI `yj©f †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K nvRx gynv¤§` gynmx‡bi Kg©Kv‡Ê Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? eY©bv K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ w`KwU Ôgvbyl gyn¤§‡` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi mgMÖZv‡K avi‡Y m¶g bqÑ gš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv hvPvB K‡iv| 4
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  70

3bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb

h mK‡ji gnvhvÎv AvjÐvni w`‡K|
i Abb¨ gvbweK MyYvewji Rb¨ nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.) gvby‡li GKRb n‡qI wQ‡jb `yj©f|
nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.) wQ‡jb AZ¨š@ mnbkxj Ges wbinsKvi Pwi‡Îi AwaKvix| AZ¨vPvix‡K wZwb KL‡bv Awfkvc †`bwb| esk‡MŠie GK
gyn–‡Z©i Rb¨I Zvi gv‡S ¯’vb cvqwb| D`viZvi †¶‡Î Zuvi Rywo †gjv fvi| mZ¨ mvabvq wZwb wQ‡jb e‡RÖi g‡Zv KwVb, ce©‡Zi g‡Zv
AUj; A_P KiyYvq wQ‡jb Kzmyg‡Kvgj| GKK_vq ejv hvq, Z¨vM, †cÖg, mvayZv, †mŠRb¨, ¶gv, mvnm, AbyMÖn, AvZ¥wek¦vm, PvwiwÎK
†mŠ›`h© Gme gvbweK w`‡Ki mgvnvi gvby‡li gv‡S Ly‡u R cvIqv `y®‹i| ZvB wZwb gvby‡li GKRb n‡qI `yj©f|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Abb¨ gvbweK MyYvewji Rb¨ nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.) wQ‡jb `yj©f|
j DÏxc‡K nvRx gynv¤§` gynmx‡bi Kg©Kv‡Ê Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Ü dz‡U IVv nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi `qvkxjZvi w`KwU
cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Ü nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi wewfbœ gvbexq MyYvewji K_v eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| wZwb AZ¨š@ gayi Pwi‡Îi AwaKvix
wQ‡jb| Zuvi AmsL¨ AbyKiYxq PvwiwÎK MyYvewji g‡a¨ `qvkxjZvi MyYwU Ab¨Zg| KviY, wZwb AZ¨š@ `qvjy wQ‡jb| mviv Rxeb wZwb
Amnvq gvby‡li cÖwZ `qv cÖ`k©b K‡i‡Qb| `qvkxj I D`viwP‡Ëi AwaKvix nIqvi Kvi‡Y wZwb KviI cÖwZ †Kv‡bv Ryjyg K‡ibwb|
DÏxc‡K nvRx gynv¤§` gynmxb Amnvq †jvKwUi Ici `qv K‡i‡Qb| KviY, †jvKwU wZb w`b a‡i Abvnv‡i wQj| Zvi Kv‡Q †Kv‡bv UvKv
wQj bv| ZvB †jvKwU wbi“cvq n‡q nvRx gynv¤§` gynmx‡bi N‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i| GgZve¯’vq †jvKwUi Amnv‡Z¡i K_v †R‡b nvRx gyn¤§`
gynmx‡bi g‡b `qvi D‡ØK nq Ges wZwb †jvKwU‡K UvKv w`‡q mn‡hvwMZv K‡ib| Zvi Ggb AvPiY Av‡jvP¨ cÖe‡Üi nhiZ gynv¤§`
(m.) Gi `qvkxjZvi K_vB g‡b Kwi‡q †`q| Gw`K we‡ePbvq DÏxc‡Ki nvRx gynv¤§` gynmx‡bi Kg©Kv‡Ê Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi
gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi `qvkxjZvi w`KwUB cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡K nvRx gynv¤§` gynmx‡bi Kg©Kv‡Ê Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Ü nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi `qvkxjZvi w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
k ÒDÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ w`KwU Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi mgMÖZv‡K avi‡Y m¶g bqÓÑgš@e¨wU h_v_©|
nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.) c„w_exi me©‡kÖô gnvgvbe| wZwb AZ¨š@ DËg Pwi‡Îi AwaKvix wQ‡jb| Zv‡q‡d Bmjvg cÖPvi Ki‡Z wM‡q wZwb
AgvbywlK wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nb| wKš‘ wZwb Zv‡qdevmx‡K Awfkvc bv w`‡q Zv‡`i †n`v‡q‡Zi Rb¨ AvjÐvni wbKU cÖv_©bv K‡ib| Zuvi
Amxg ˆah© I ¶gvkxjZvq gy» n‡q gvbyl Bmjvg a‡g© `xw¶Z nq| Av‡jvP¨ cÖe‡Ü Zuvi GmKj AbyKiYxq PvwiwÎK ˆewkó¨i K_vB ewY©Z
n‡q‡Q|
DÏxc‡K `vbexi nvRx gynv¤§` gynmx‡bi GKwU NUbv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| GK Amnvq e¨w³ Pzwii D‡Ï‡k¨ ga¨iv‡Z nvRx gynv¤§` gynmx‡bi N‡i
cÖ‡ek K‡i| nvRx gyn¤§` gynmx‡bi nv‡Z †jvKwU aiv co‡j wZwb Zv‡K Zvi N‡i cÖ‡ek Kivi KviY wR‡Ám K‡ib| Dˇi †jvKwU e‡j
wZb w`b a‡i †m Abvnv‡i i‡q‡Q| Zvi Kv‡Q †Kv‡bv UvKv †bB| †jvKwUi K_v ky‡b nvRx gyn¤§` gynmx‡bi g‡b `qv nq| GRb¨ wZwb
†jvKwU‡K Avw_©Kfv‡e mn‡hvwMZv K‡ib| Zvi g‡a¨ dz‡U IVv GB `qvkxjZvi w`KwU Av‡jvP¨ cÖe‡Üi nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.) Gi Pwi‡ÎI
GKBfv‡e cwijw¶Z nq|
Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.) cÖeÜwU iwPZ n‡q‡Q gnvbwe nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) †K †K›`ª K‡i| gvby‡li c‡¶ hv AbyKiYxq ZviB Av‡`k cÖwZôv
K‡i †M‡Qb wZwb| Zuvi Pwi‡Î GKBmv‡_ ¶gvkxjZv, ˆah©¨, mZZv, D`viZv I `qvi g‡Zv eûwea My‡Yi mgv‡ek N‡UwQj, hv Av‡jvP¨
cÖe‡ÜI Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| c¶vš@‡i, DÏxc‡K nvRx gynv¤§` gynmx‡bi Kg©Kv‡Êi †fZi w`‡q †Kej Zuvi Pwi‡Îi GKwU w`K `qvkxjZvB
cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q, Ab¨vb¨ w`K bq| ZvQvov cÖeÜwU‡Z msw¶ß cwim‡i Avgiv nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi Rxeb I Kg© m¤•‡K©I aviYv cvB,
hv DÏxc‡K Abycw¯’Z| Gw`K we‡ePbvq DÏxcKwU Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi mgMÖfve aviY Ki‡Z m¶g nqwb|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ w`KwU Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi mgMÖZv‡K avi‡Y m¶g bq|
cÖkœ  04 ¯^vaxbZv Zzwg,
gRyi hyevi †iv‡` SjwmZ `¶ evûi MÖwš’i †cwk|
¯^vaxbZv Zzwg,
AÜKv‡ii Luv Luv mxgv‡š@ gyw³‡mbvi †Pv‡Li wSwjK|
¯^vaxbZv Zzwg,
e‡Ui Qvqvq Zi“Y †gavex wk¶v_©xi
kvwYZ K_vq Sjmvwb jvMv m‡ZR fvlY|
K. †Mv‡qejm †K? 1
L. Ôgyw³‡dŠRÕ K_vwU †jwLKvi Kv‡Q fvix g‡b n‡qwQj †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi †Kvb w`KwUi cÖwZ Bw½Z K‡i? e¨vLv K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi m¤•–Y© fve‡K aviY K‡i‡Q wK? †Zvgvi gZvgZ e¨³ K‡iv| 4
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  71

4bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb

h †Mv‡qejm n‡jb Rvg©vb es‡kv™¢–Z wnUjv‡ii mn‡hvMx|
i cvwK¯@vwb mk¯¿ evwnbx Øviv Aei“× †`‡k G‡`‡kiB wKQy Zi“Y hyeK †`k‡K kΓgy³ Kivi Myi“fvi wb‡q‡Q e‡j Ôgyw³‡dŠRÕ K_vUv
†jwLKvi Kv‡Q fvix g‡b nq|
1971 mv‡j gyw³hy× ïiyi w`‡K cvwK¯@vwb evwnbxi Ab¨vq-AZ¨vPv‡i evOvwjiv G‡Kev‡i fxZmš¿¯@ I w`‡knviv n‡q c‡owQj| ZLb
†Kv‡bv gvbyl Ni †_‡K †ei n‡Z cviZ bv nvbv`vi‡`i f‡q, †mLv‡b †`kevmx‡K Zv‡`i nvZ †_‡K gy³ Kivi Myi“fvi Kvu‡a wb‡q cÖwZ‡ivaKvix
`j gyw³‡dŠR Avm‡eÑ GUv wQj cÖvq Awek¦vm¨| cvwK¯@vwb †mbvivI fve‡Z cv‡iwb †h, Zviv gyw³‡dŠ‡Ri †Mwijv nvgjvi wkKvi n‡e|
GgZve¯’vq †jwLKvi Kv‡Q Ôgyw³‡dŠRÕ kãUv Awek^vm¨ I fvix g‡b nq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : cvwK¯@vwb mk¯¿ evwnbx Øviv Aei“× †`‡k G‡`‡kiB wKQy Zi“Y hyeK †`k‡K kΓgy³ Kivi Myi“fvi wb‡q‡Q e‡j Ôgyw³‡dŠRÕ K_vUv
†jwLKvi Kv‡Q fvix g‡b nq|
j DÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvq D‡jÐwLZ me©¯@‡ii gvby‡li ¯^vaxbZvi ¯^c‡œ K Bw½Z K‡i|
ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvq †jwLKv wbR AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K 1971 mv‡ji gyw³hy×Kvjxb cwiw¯’wZi eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb| Avi Zv Ki‡Z wM‡q
wZwb G‡`‡ki gvby‡li Ici cvwK¯@vwb evwnwbi wbg©g AZ¨vPvi Ges XvKv kn‡ii Aei“× cwiw¯’wZi K_v Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| cvkvcvwk
gyw³‡hv×vmn G‡`‡ki MYgvby‡li ¯^vaxbZvi ¯^cœ I AvKv¸¶viI Bw½Z i‡q‡Q †mLv‡b|
DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡k †`kgvZ…Kvi ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ wewfbœ †kÖwY-†ckvi gvby‡li cÖZ¨vkv‡K Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| e¯‘Z, cvwK¯@vwb Rvš@v
miKv‡ii Ab¨vq-AvMÖvmb I AZ¨vPv‡i G‡`‡ki gvbyl nuvwc‡q D‡VwQj| Avi ¯^vaxbZv jvfB wQj GB Ae¯’v †_‡K DËi‡Yi GKgvÎ c_|
ZvB mxgvnxb Ab¨vq-AZ¨vPv‡ii gv‡SI ¯^vaxb †`‡ki ¯^cœB Zv‡`i gyw³hy‡× D¾xweZ K‡iwQj| Av‡jvP¨ KweZvs‡k ZvB gyw³‡mbv‡`i
†Pv‡Li wSwjK, G‡`‡ki gRyi-hyevi `¶ evû Avi ZiyY eyw×gvb wk¶v_©xi aviv‡jv K_vi m‡ZR fvl‡Yi g‡a¨ cÖvYwcÖq ¯^vaxbZvi ¯^iƒcwU
dz‡U D‡V‡Q, hv Av‡jvP¨ iPbvi gyw³‡hv×v i“gxmn me©mvavi‡Yi ¯^vaxbZvi cÖZ¨vkvi ga¨ w`‡qI GKBfv‡e cwijw¶Z nq| DÏxc‡Ki
welqe¯‘ ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi G w`KwU‡KB Bw½Z K‡i|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡k †`kgvZ…Kvi ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ wewfbœ †kÖwY-†ckvi gvby‡li cÖZ¨vkv‡K Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q, hv Av‡jvP¨ iPbvi
gyw³‡hv×v i“gxmn me©mvavi‡Yi ¯^vaxbZvi cÖZ¨vkvi ga¨ w`‡qI GKBfv‡e cwijw¶Z nq|
k DÏxcKwU ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi mgMÖ fve‡K aviY K‡iwb e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi|
ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy× wb‡q GKwU ¯§„wZPviYg–jK iPbv| G iPbvq †jwLKv Mfxi †e`bvi m‡½ Avfv‡m-Bw½‡Z
wb‡Ri g‡bv‡e`bvi K_v eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| cvkvcvwk iPbvwU‡Z wZwb cvwK¯@vwb Rvš@v miKv‡ii Ab¨vq-AvMÖvmb, mviv‡`‡ki Aei“×
cwiw¯’wZmn bvbv wel‡q Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i‡Qb|
DÏxc‡Ki KweZvskwU evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv wb‡q iwPZ| Av‡jvP¨ KweZvs‡k Kwe ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ me©¯@‡ii gvby‡li cÖZ¨vkv I ¯^cœ‡K
Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| GiB Ask wn‡m‡e ¯^vaxbZv‡K KL‡bv wZwb gRyi-hyevi †iv‡` SjwKZ `¶ evûi MÖwš’j †ckx, KL‡bv gyw³‡mbvi †Pv‡Li
wSwjK Avevi KL‡bv-ev †gavex I Zi“Y wk¶v_x©i kvwYZ K_vi m‡ZR fvl‡Yi mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb| e¯‘Z, ¯^vaxbZv wQj G‡`‡ki
wbh©vwZZ I wbcxwoZ gvby‡li AvRš§ cÖZ¨vkv| KweZvskwU‡Z †mB cÖZ¨vkvB †hb evYxiƒc jvf K‡i‡Q|
ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvq †jwLKv gyw³hy×Kvjxb wbR AwfÁZvi K_v wjwce× K‡i‡Qb| msMZ Kvi‡YB GwU Avgv‡`i gnvb
gyw³hy‡×i GKwU cÖvgvY¨ `wjj| GLv‡b cvwK¯@vwb ˆmb¨‡`i wbwe©Pvi nZ¨vhÁ, RbRxe‡bi wbivcËvnxbZv I Aw¯’iZvmn Aei“× XvKvi
APjve¯’vi K_v Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| cvkvcvwk †mLv‡b gyw³‡hv×v‡`i ZrciZv, ¯^vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K‡›`ªi wkíx‡`i f‚wgKv Ges Ges
16B wW‡m¤^‡i ¯^vaxbZv jvf Awã gyw³hy×Kvjxb cwiw¯’wZiI GKwU c–Y© weeiY cvIqv hvq, hv DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡k Abycw¯’Z| †mLv‡b
†Kej ¯^vaxbZvi cÖZ¨vkvi K_vB dz‡U D‡V‡Q, DwjÐwLZ Ab¨vb¨ welq bq| †m we‡ePbvq, cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_vh_|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvq 16B wW‡m¤^‡i ¯^vaxbZv jvf Awã gyw³hy×Kvjxb cwiw¯’wZi GKwU c–Y© weeiY cvIqv hvq, hv DÏxc‡Ki
KweZvs‡k Abycw¯’Z| G w`K †_‡K DÏxcKwU ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi mgMÖ fve aviY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|
cÖkœ  05 eiKZ, mvjvg, ReŸvi, iwdK cÖgyL fvlvkwn`| 1952 mv‡j gvZ…fvlv‡K ivó«fvlvi `vwe‡Z Zuviv ivRc‡_ wgwQj K‡i kwn`
nb| Zuv‡`i GB AvÍZ¨v‡Mi d‡j Avgiv gvZ…fvlv evsjvi ivó«xq ¯^xK…wZ †c‡qwQ| Zuv‡`i GB AvÍ`vb RvwZ K…ZÁZvi mv‡_ ¯§iY Ki‡Q|
K. ÔnvwejvlÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? 1
L. hviv evOvwj n‡qI evsjv fvlv‡K N„Yv K‡i Zv‡`i m¤•‡K© Kwe Ave`yj nvwK‡gi AwfgZ eY©bv K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z wel‡qi mv‡_ Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi welqe¯‘i mv`„k¨My‡jv eY©bv K‡iv| 3
N. Òwel‡qi mv`„k¨ _vK‡jI DÏxcK I Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi Kwei g‡bvfve wfbœavivq DrmvwiZ|Ó Dw³wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
5bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h ÔnvwejvlÕ k‡ãi A_© Awfjvl, cÖej B”Qv|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  72

i evsjv fvlvi N„Yv †cvlYKvix‡`i Kwe †`kZ¨vM K‡i we‡`‡k P‡j hvIqvi K_v e‡j‡Qb|
evsjv fvlv‡K hviv AeÁv K‡i, Kwe Ave`yj nvwKg Zv‡`i‡K Dc‡`k w`‡q e‡j‡Qb, ÔwbR †`k †ZqvMx †Kb we‡`k b hvq|Õ A_©vr hv‡`i
Rb¥ evsjv‡`‡k A_P evsjv fvlvi cÖwZ Zv‡`i AbyivM I fv‡jvevmv †bB, Zv‡`i esk I Rb¥cwiPq m¤•‡K© Kwei g‡b m‡›`n Rv‡M| Kwe
ZvB ¯^‡L‡` e‡j‡Qb hv‡`i g‡b ¯^‡`k I ¯^fvlvi cÖwZ we›`ygvÎ AbyivM †bB Zviv †Kb G‡`k cwiZ¨vM K‡i Ab¨Î P‡j hvq bv|
Dˇii g–jK_v : evsjv fvlvi AeÁvKvix‡`i Kwe †`kZ¨vM K‡i we‡`‡k P‡j hvIqvi K_v e¨³ K‡i‡Qb|
j DÏxc‡K ewY©Z wel‡qi mv‡_ Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvq gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ Mfxi Abyiv‡Mi w`KwUi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvq gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ Kwei Mfxi AbyivM dz‡U I‡V‡Q| Kwei Ab¨ †Kv‡bv fvlvi cÖwZ we‡Øl †bB| Z‡e hviv evsjvq R‡š§I
evsjv fvlvi cÖwZ we‡Øl †cvlY K‡i Ggb nxb g‡bve„wËi †jvK‡`i wZwb fr©mbv K‡i‡Qb| kyay ZvB bq, gvZ…fvlv evsjv‡K fv‡jv‡e‡m
wZwb G fvlv‡ZB mvwnZ¨ iPbvq g‡bv‡hvMx n‡q‡Qb| hv gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ Zuvi AbyivM‡KB Zz‡j a‡i|
DÏxc‡K eiKZ, mvjvg, ReŸvi, iwdK cÖgyL fvlv kwn`‡`i cÖm½ DÌvwcZ n‡q‡Q| ivó«fvlv evsjvi `vwe‡Z 1952 mv‡ji 21†k
†deª“qvwi ivRc‡_ wgwQj Ki‡Z wM‡q Rxeb DrmM© K‡i‡Qb| Zuv‡`i AvÍZ¨v‡Mi d‡jB Avgiv ivó«fvlv wn‡m‡e evsjv‡K †c‡qwQ| Ggb
Kg©KvÊ Zuv‡`i †`kv͇eva I AK…wÎg gvZ…fvlvcÖxwZi w`K‡KB wb‡`©k K‡i| GKBfv‡e, Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi e³‡e¨i ga¨ w`‡qI gvZ…fvlv
evsjvi cÖwZ Kwei Mfxi ggZ¡‡ev‡ai cwiPq cvIqv hvq| †m fv‡jvevmv †_‡KB wZwb gvZ…fvlvi Myi“Z¡ Zz‡j a‡i G fvlvi cÖwZ weivM
†cvlYKvix‡`i fr©mbv K‡i‡Qb wZwb| G we‡ePbvq, DÏxc‡K ewY©Z wel‡qi mv‡_ Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ Mfxi Abyiv‡Mi
w`KwUi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡K ewY©Z wel‡qi mv‡_ Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ Mfxi Abyiv‡Mi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
k Òwel‡qi mv`„k¨ _vK‡jI DÏxcK I Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi Kwei g‡bvfve wfbœavivq DrmvwiZ|ÓÑ Dw³wU h_v_©|
Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvq Kwe ga¨hy‡Mi †cÖ¶vcU Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| †mmgq msKxY© gvbwmKZvi Kvi‡Y A‡b‡K evsjvfvlv‡K AeÁv K‡i
Aviwe-dviwm fvlvi cÖwZ AwaK AbyivM cÖKvk KiZ, hv wQj Abwf‡cÖZ| msMZ Kvi‡YB Kwe Zv‡`i GB nxb Kg©Kv‡Êi w`KwU Zz‡j a‡i
gvZ…fvlvi Myi“Z¡ m¤•‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi g‡Z cÖwZwU fvlvB mªóvi `vb| mªóv me fvlvB Rv‡bb Ges †ev‡Sb| GRb¨ evsjv
fvlv‡ZI mªóvi gwngv cÖKvk Kiv hvq|
DÏxc‡K fvlv kwn`‡`i K_v ¯§iY Kiv n‡q‡Q| evsjv fvlvi Rb¨ Zuviv Rxeb DrmM© K‡i‡Qb| evsjv fvlv‡K fv‡jv‡e‡m Zuviv ivRc_
Av‡›`vwjZ K‡ib| Ae‡k‡l ey‡Ki ZvRv i³ w`‡q Zuviv evsjv fvlvi gh©v`v cÖwZôvq m¶g nb| Ggb Kg©KvÊ gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ Zuv‡`i
Mfxi fv‡jvevmv I fvev‡eM‡KB Zz‡j a‡i| e¯‘Z, gvZ…fvlv‡K ü`‡q aviY Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb e‡jB Zviv G fvlvi Rb¨ Rxeb DrmM©
Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb|
Ôe½evYxÕ KweZv I DÏxc‡Ki g‡a¨ mv`„‡k¨i welqwU n‡jv gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv| wKš‘ G welqwU QvovI Av‡jvP¨ KweZvq AviI
A‡bK w`K i‡q‡Q| we‡kl K‡i gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ GK †kÖwYi gvby‡li AeÁv Ges we‡`wk fvlvi cÖwZ Zv‡`i fv‡jvevmvi g‡Zv AviI
cÖf…wZ| G welqMy‡jv DÏxc‡Ki eY©bvq ewY©Z nqwb| GRb¨ DÏxcKwU Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi Kwei g‡bvfv‡ei mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c–Y© n‡q I‡Vwb|
myZivs ejv hvq, wel‡qi mv`„k¨ _vK‡jI DÏxcK I Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi Kwei g‡bvfve wfbœavivq DrmvwiZ n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : wel‡qi mv`„k¨ _vK‡jI DÏxcK I Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi Kwei g‡bvfve wfbœavivq DrmvwiZ|
cÖkœ  06 GKgvÎ †Q‡j Kwig †W½yR‡¡ i Avµvš@ n‡j Zvi gv iwngv †eMg Zv‡K GKwU bvgKiv nvmcvZv‡j fwZ© Kivb| Amy¯’
†Q‡j‡K wb‡q w`‡knviv gv gnvb m„wóKZ©vi Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv K‡ib| †Q‡ji my¯’Zvi Rb¨ gv †ivRv gvbZ K‡ib| DbœZ wPwKrmvi j‡¶¨ wZwb
†Q‡j‡K we‡`‡k wb‡q hvIqvi K_v fv‡eb| Amy¯’ Kwig‡K †`L‡Z bvbviKg djg–j wb‡q AvÍxq-¯^Rb nvmcvZv‡j fxo Rgvq|
K. Svgyi Szgyi Kx ev‡R? 1
L. ÔP‡j ey‡bv c‡_ †RvbvwK †g‡qiv Kzqvkv Kvdb awiÕÑPiYwU eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi ˆemv`„k¨ wePvi K‡iv| 3
N. AcZ¨ †ø‡ni Awbevh© AvKl©‡Yi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki iwngv †eMg I cwjÐRbbxi g‡a¨ Zzjbvg–jK Av‡jvPbv K‡iv| 4
6bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h GK †KuvP fiv †e_yj Svgyi Szgyi ev‡R|
i kx‡Zi iv‡Z eb¨ c‡_ Kzqvkvi g‡a¨ †RvbvwK †cvKvi PjvPj eySv‡Z †jLK G PiYwUi AeZviYv K‡i‡Qb|
ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq Amnvq I `wi`ª GK gv‡qi g‡bvhvZbvi wPÎ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| †Q‡ji wkq‡i e‡m gv GKv ivZ Rv‡M Ges ivZ
evovi mv‡_ mv‡_ gv‡qi g‡bi Avk¼vI †e‡o P‡j| Amy¯’ †Q‡ji KLb Kx nq Zv wb‡q †m kw¼Z| mv‡_ iv‡Zi Auvavi, wbfzwbfz cÖ`xc,
ey‡bv c_, †RvbvwK †cvKvi Aeva wePiY, Kvd‡bi g‡Zv mv`v Kzqvkv mewKQy wgwj‡q GKUv fxwZKi cwi‡ek m„wó n‡q‡Q| GKgvÎ ey‡Ki
ab nvwi‡q hvIqvi fvebv †hb AviI `ywe©ln K‡i Zz‡j‡Q GB wefxwlKvgq cwi‡ek| cÖ‡kœv³ PiYwU _g_‡g GB cwi‡e‡kiB GK cÖZxKx
Dc¯’vcbv |
Dˇii g–jK_v : iv‡Zi wefxwlKvgq cwi‡ek‡K AviI `ywe©ln K‡i Zzj‡Z cÖ‡kœv³ Pi‡Yi AeZviYv|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  73

j †ivMkh¨vq mš@vb‡K Dchy³ wPwKrmv‡mev cÖ`v‡bi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki gv iwngv †eM‡gi mv‡_ ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi wkkywUi gv‡qi
ˆemv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq GK Amnvq gv Zvi i“M&Y †Q‡ji wkq‡i e‡m †Q‡ji Av‡ivM¨ jv‡fi Rb¨ cÖv_©bv K‡ib| msmv‡ii Avw_©K Am”QjZvi
Kvi‡Y †Q‡ji †ewkifvM Ave`vi gv c–iY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| GgbwK `vwi‡`ª¨i Kvi‡Y Amy¯’ †Q‡ji cÖ‡qvRbxq Ilya-c‡_¨i e¨e¯’v Ki‡ZI
wZwb e¨_© n‡q‡Qb| Amnvq gv ZvB mš@vb‡K my¯’ K‡i †`Iqvi Rb¨ m„wóKZ©vi Kv‡Q KvZi ¯^‡i wgbwZ Rvbv‡”Qb|
DÏxc‡Ki Kwig †W½y R¡‡i Avµvš@ n‡q GKwU bvgKiv nvmcvZv‡j fwZ© Av‡Q| Avw_©K m”QjZvi `i“Y Zvi gv Zv‡K DbœZ wPwKrmv
Kiv‡”Qb kn‡ii bvwg`vwg nvmcvZv‡j| †mLv‡b Zvi †mevh‡Zœi KgwZ †bB| ZeyI mš@v‡bi my¯’Zv wb‡q Zvi k¼v Kv‡U bv| wKš‘
ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq Amy¯’ †Q‡ji gv Pig `vwi`ª¨wK¬ó| `vwi‡`ª¨i Kvi‡Y gv Zvi i“M&Y †Q‡ji Dchy³ wPwKrmv‡mev w`‡Z cvi‡Qb bv|
B‡”Q _vKv m‡Ë¡I A¯^”QjZvi Kvi‡Y mš@vb‡K h‡_vchy³ †mev w`‡Z bv †c‡i gv‡qi gb `ytLfvivµvš@| Avw_©K Am”QjZvB DÏxc‡Ki
mv‡_ ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi ˆemv`„k¨ m„wó K‡i‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq A‡_©i Afv‡e cwjÐRbbx Zvi Amy¯’ mš@v‡bi wPwKrmv Kiv‡Z cvi‡Q bv Avi DÏxc‡Ki gv Zvi mš@v‡bi
wPwKrmvi Rb¨ bvgKiv nvmcvZvj e¨envi Ki‡Qb| G w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi ˆemv`„k¨ we`¨gvb|
k ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi cwjÐRbbx Ges DÏxc‡Ki Kwi‡gi gv iwngv †eMg Df‡qi Avkv, AvKv¸¶v I Avk¼v Zv‡`i mš@vb‡K wN‡i, hv
Zv‡`i wPivqZ gvZ…‡Z¡i w`KwU‡KB Zz‡j a‡i|
ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq Amy¯’ mš@v‡bi Rb¨ gv‡qi †h nvnvKvi I KvZiZv, Zv ¯•óiƒ‡c dz‡U I‡V‡Q| `vwi‡`ª¨i Kvi‡Y gv Zvi Avb›`
Av‡qvR‡bi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| GgbwK i“M&Y †Q‡j‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq wPwKrmv w`‡Z cv‡iwb, gv‡qi gb ZvB cyÎ nviv‡bvi Avk¼vq
KvZi| GgZve¯’vq ey‡Ki meUzKz †øn w`‡q gv †Q‡j‡K AvM‡j ivL‡Z Pvq, hv mš@v‡bi cÖwZ Zvi ggZ¡‡eva‡KB cÖKvk K‡i|
AvcZ¨‡ø‡ni GK mywbcyY wPÎ Aw¼Z n‡q‡Q Av‡jvP¨ KweZvq|
DÏxc‡Ki Kwi‡gi gv iwngv †eM‡gi gv‡S mš@v‡bi Rb¨ e¨vKzjZv j¶ Kiv hvq| wZwb †Q‡j‡K DbœZ wPwKrmv‡mev w`‡Z nvmcvZv‡j
fwZ© K‡i‡Qb| †mLv‡b †mevh‡Zœi †Kv‡bv KgwZ †bB| ZviciI Kwi‡gi gv mš@v‡bi Amy¯’Zvi K_v †f‡e KvZi| wZwb gnvb m„wóKZ©vi
Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv K‡ib| †Q‡ji my¯’Zvi Rb¨ wZwb †ivRv gvbZ K‡ib| KweZvi gv `vwi‡`ª¨i Kvi‡Y Zvi mš@v‡bi †Kv‡bv Ave`vi †mfv‡e c–iY
Ki‡Z c‡ibwb| GgbwK A_©vfv‡ei Kvi‡Y †ivMkh¨vq Zvi h_vh_ wPwKrmv‡mev ch©š@ w`‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| c¶vš@‡i DÏxc‡Ki Kwi‡gi gv
Zvi †Q‡ji wPwKrmvi meiKg e¨e¯’v K‡i‡Qb| †Qv‡Uv‡ejv †_‡K wZwb mg¯@ B”Qv c–iY K‡i‡Qb| Gw`K †_‡K Dfq gv‡qi g‡a¨ GKUv
cv_©K¨ we`¨gvb| Zv m‡Ë¡I mš@v‡bi Amy¯’Zv‡K †K›`ª K‡i gv‡qi g‡b †h kw¼Z Ae¯’vi wPÎ Avgiv †`wL, Zv Zv‡`i wPivqZ
gvZ…g–wZ©iB ewntcÖKvk| hvi g–‡j i‡q‡Q AvcZ¨‡ø‡ni Awbevh© AvKl©Y|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi cwjÐRbbx Ges DÏxc‡Ki Kwi‡gi gv iwngv †eMg Df‡qi Avkv, AvKv¸¶v I Avk¼v mš@v‡bi my¯’Zv Kvgbvq
wPivqZ gvZ…‡Z¡i w`KwUB cÖwZdwjZ K‡i|
cÖkœ  07 G‡m‡Q bZzb wkky, Zv‡K †Q‡o w`‡Z n‡e ¯’vb;
RxY© c„w_ex‡Z e¨_©, g„Z Avi aŸsm¯@–c-wc‡V|
P‡j †h‡Z n‡e Avgv‡`i|
P‡j hve-Zey AvR hZ¶Y †`‡n Av‡Q cÖvY
cÖvYc‡Y c„w_exi miv‡ev RÄvj,
G wek¦‡K G-wkkyi evm‡hvM¨ K‡i hv‡ev AvwgÑ
beRvZ‡Ki Kv‡Q G Avgvi `„p A½xKvi|
K. Ô`vivÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? 1
L. Kxfv‡e f‡ei DbœwZ Kiv hvq? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvi †Kvb welqwU DÏxc‡K dz‡U D‡V‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔeY©bvq ˆewPΨ _vK‡jI ÔRxeb-msMxZÕ KweZv I DÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ GKB|ÕÑgš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv hvPvB K‡iv| 4
7bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h Ô`vivÕ k‡ãi A_© ¯¿x|
i Rxeb‡K BwZevPK A‡_© MÖnY K‡i mwVK mg‡q mwVK Kg© m¤•v`b Kivi gva¨‡g f‡ei DbœwZ mvab Kiv hvq|
Rxe‡bi cÖwZK‚jZv‡K GKgvÎ mZ¨ bv †f‡e me ai‡bi cÖwZK‚jZv‡K wbR AbyK‚‡j Avbvi †Póv Pvjv‡Z n‡e Ges mg‡qi
m`&e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| KviY, mgq KviI Rb¨ e‡m _v‡K bv| Avi ZvB Dchy³ mg‡q wb‡Ri KvR mwVKfv‡e m¤•v`b K‡i f‡ei
DbœwZ mvab Kiv hvq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Dchy³ mg‡q wb‡Ri KvR mwVKfv‡e m¤•v`b Kivi gva¨‡g f‡ei DbœwZ mvab Kiv hvq|
j DÏxc‡K ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvq DwjÐwLZ gnrKg© m¤•v`‡bi Rb¨ msMÖv‡g AeZxY© nIqvi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
gvbRxe‡b `ytLKó, `vwi`ª¨-m”QjZv, Avb›`-†e`bv cvkvcvwk weivR K‡i| ZvB `ytLKó ev `vwi`ª¨‡K fq bv †c‡q msMÖvgx Rxe‡bi
wm×vš@ MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| †Kbbv, `„p Avi K‡Vvi msMÖv‡gi Kv‡Q `ytL, fq I nZvkvi civRq N‡U| Avi msMÖvgx n‡j mKj cÖwZK‚j
cwiw¯’wZB AwZµg Kiv m¤¢e|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  74

DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡k wkkyi emevm Dc‡hvMx GK bZzb c„w_ex M‡o †Zvjvi ZvwM` †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| AvÍm‡PZb Kwe wbR Dcjwä †_‡KB
beRvZ‡Ki myôz weKv‡ki Dc‡hvMx K‡i c„w_ex‡K M‡o Zzj‡Z Pvb| gnr G j¶‡K mvg‡b †i‡LB wZwb c„w_ex‡K emevm Dc‡hvMx K‡i
†Zvjvi A½xKvi e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| GKBfv‡e ÔRxeb-msMxZÕ KweZvqI Kwe Rxeb‡K mvdj¨gwÊZ K‡i Zzj‡Z msMÖv‡g AeZxY© nIqvi K_v
e‡j‡Qb| Zuvi g‡Z, gwngv AR©bB gvbe Rxe‡bi j¶¨| Avi Zv m¤¢e n‡Z cv‡i gnrK‡g©i ga¨ w`‡q, hvi GKgvÎ Dcvq Rxeb-msMÖv‡g
eªZx nIqv| Av‡jvP¨ KweZvq dz‡U IVv msMÖv‡gi ga¨ w`‡q gnrKg© mva‡bi G w`KwUB DÏxc‡K dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡K ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvi msMÖvgx Rxe‡bi w`KwU cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
k ÒeY©bvq ˆewPΨ _vK‡jI ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZv I DÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ GKB|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvq Kwe msmv‡i gvby‡li cÖK…Z f‚wgKvi ¯^iƒc Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| Kwei g‡Z, msmviwe‡ivax n‡q †Kv‡bv jvf †bB| ZvB
msmvi mgiv½‡b `„pwP‡Ë jovB K‡i †h‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e wb‡Ri `vwqZ¡ h_vh_fv‡e cvj‡bi gva¨‡g gvbe Rxeb‡K mdj K‡i Zzj‡Z
n‡e|
DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡k fwel¨r cÖR‡š§i myôz weKv‡ki Rb¨ Dchy³ c„w_ex M‡o †Zvjvi cÖZ¨q e¨³ n‡q‡Q| Zv‡`i emev‡mi Rb¨ m‡e©vËg
Av‡qvR‡bi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z Pvb KweZvskwUi Kwe| Avi †mB j¶¨ c–iY Ki‡Z mevB‡K GwM‡q Avmvi Rb¨ D`&ey× K‡i‡Qb wZwb|
gnrK‡g©i †fZi w`‡q Rxeb‡K mv_©K K‡i †Zvjvi Ggb fvebv Av‡jvP¨ ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvqI Myi“‡Z¡i m‡½ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZv I DÏxcK Dfq‡¶‡ÎB c„w_ex‡Z wb‡Ri `vwqZ¡ mwVKfv‡e cvjb Kivi Ici Myi“Z¡ †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| Av‡jvP¨
KweZvq Kwe †mB j¶‡K mvg‡b †i‡LB msmviiƒc hyׇ¶‡Î exi‡Z¡i mv‡_ jovB K‡i †h‡Z e‡j‡Qb| Ab¨w`‡K, DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡k
beRvZ‡Ki Rb¨ my›`i GK c„w_ex Movi cÖZ¨q e¨³ n‡q‡Q| Gi ga¨ w`‡q Kwe fwel¨r cÖR‡š§i Rb¨ GK Av`k© I evm‡hvM¨ c„w_ex M‡o
†Zvjvi A½xKvi K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e Zv Kivi Rb¨ ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvi Kwei wb‡`©wkZ c‡_iB AbyMvgx n‡Z n‡e| †Kbbv, Gi ga¨
w`‡qB †h gnZ¡ AR©b m¤¢e †mwUI ¯•ó Kiv n‡q‡Q DÏxcK I Av‡jvP¨ KweZvq| G we‡ePbvq cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxcK I ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvq gvbeRxe‡bi mv_©KZvi ¯^iƒc Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|
cÖkœ  08 7B gvP© fvlY w`‡jb RvwZi wcZv e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb| IB fvl‡Y wZwb ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi WvK †`b| †gv¯@dv
Kvgvj ZLb PweŸk eQ‡ii hyeK| e½eÜyi fvlY ky‡b Zvi eyK dz‡j I‡V| GwcÖj 1971| cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi evwnbx GwM‡q Avm‡Q
eªvþYevwoqvi w`‡K| Zv‡`i †VKv‡bvi Rb¨ †gv¯@dv Kvgvjmn gyw³‡hv×viv Ae¯’vb wb‡q‡Q `i“Bb MÖv‡g|
K. gyw³evwnbxi KgvÛvi †K? 1
L. eyavi gvwU KvUvi `‡j †hvM`v‡bi KviY Kx? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Zv eY©bv K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki †gv¯@dv Kvgvj‡K ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi Pwi‡Îi mv_©K cÖwZwbwa ejv hvq wK? †Zvgvi mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
8bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h gyw³evwnbxi KgvÊvi kvnveywÏb|
i wgwjUvwi K¨v¤• aŸsm Ki‡Z evsKv‡i gvBb †cuvZvi Rb¨ eyav gvwU KvUvi `‡j †hvM †`q|
kvnveywÏb GKRb gyw³‡hv×v KgvÛvi| wZwb wgwjUvwi K¨v¤• aŸsm Kivi cwiKíbv K‡ib| ZLb eyav my‡hvM ey‡S gvwU KvUv `‡ji m‡½
evsKvi ˆZwii Rb¨ †hvM †`q| Gfv‡e †m wgwjUvwi K¨v‡¤• cÖ‡ek K‡i| Gici K¨v‡¤•i evsKv‡i †m gvBb cy‡u Z †i‡L Av‡m|
Dˇii g–jK_v : eyav evsKv‡i gvBb †cuvZvi Rb¨ gvwU KvUv `‡j †hvM`vb K‡i|
j DÏxc‡K ewY©Z Kvwnwb‡Z ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi wK‡kvi eyavi hy‡× AskMÖnY Kivi w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi wK‡kvi eyav gv-evev, fvB-†evb nvwi‡q cÖK…wZi gv‡S e‡ov n‡q I‡V| cÖK…wZB Zv‡K cÖwZK‚j cwi‡e‡k wU‡K †_‡K
gvbweK n‡q IVvi Ges gvZ…f‚wg‡K fv‡jvevmvi wk¶v w`‡qwQj| Ggb Ae¯’vq kyi“ nq cvwK¯@vwb †mbvevwnbxi ˆckvwPK AZ¨vPvi,
wbh©vZb I nZ¨vKvÊ| GB nZ¨v I AZ¨vPvi †`‡L †`k‡cÖwgK wK‡kvi eyav cÖwZev`x n‡q I‡V| kΓ‡mbv‡`i †`k †_‡K Zvov‡bvi j‡¶¨ †m
¯^vaxbZv hy‡× Suvwc‡q c‡o|
DÏxc‡Ki PweŸk eQ‡ii hyeK †gv³dv Kvgvj RvwZi wcZv e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi 7B gv‡P©i fvlY ky‡b DÏxß nb Ges ¯^vaxbZv
hy‡× †hvM †`b| GwcÖj gv‡m eªvþYevwoqvi w`K GwM‡q Avmv nvbv`vi evwnbx‡K †VKv‡bvi Rb¨ †gv¯@dv Kvgvjmn gyw³‡hv×viv Ae¯’vb
†bb `i“Bb MÖv‡g| e¯‘Z, e½eÜyi ¯^vaxbZvi Wv‡K mvov w`‡qB evsjv‡`‡ki me©¯@‡ii gvbyl nvbv`vi‡`i wei“‡× ¯^vaxbZvhy‡× Suvwc‡q
c‡o Ges †`kgvZ…Kv‡K i¶v Ki‡Z ex‡ii g‡Zv jovB K‡i| GKBfv‡e ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavI Kvby`qv‡ji evwo‡Z †iwW‡qv‡Z
e½eÜyi fvlY ky‡bB gyw³hy‡×i Rb¨ D¾xweZ nq Ges nvbv`vi‡`i ea K‡i †`k‡K ¯^vaxb Ki‡Z eªZx nq| hv DÏxc‡Ki †gv¯@dv
Kvgv‡ji hy‡× AskMÖn‡Yi NUbvi mgvš@ivj| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡K ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m eyavi hy‡× AskMÖn‡Yi w`KwUB cÖwZdwjZ
n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki †gv¯@dv Kvgv‡ji gv‡S ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi hy‡× mwµq nIqvi w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  75

k DÏxc‡Ki †gv¯@dv Kvgvj‡K ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi mv_©K cÖwZwbwa ejv hvq|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav MÖv‡gi GK wK‡kvi evjK, †h cvw¯@vwb‡`i bvbv AZ¨vPvi †`‡L hy× Kivi Rb¨ e¨vKzj n‡q I‡V| GiB Ask
wn‡m‡e †m ivRvKv‡ii evwo‡Z AvMyb †`qv, cvwK¯@vwb‡`i K¨v‡¤• gvBb cy‡u Z ivLvi g‡Zv mvnmx KvR K‡i| †`k‡K ¯^vaxb Kivi g‡š¿
D¾xweZ eyav †Kv‡bvwKQy‡ZB wcQcv nq bv|
DÏxc‡K e½eÜyi HwZnvwmK 7B gv‡P©i fvl‡Yi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| 1971 mv‡ji 7B gvP© RvwZi wcZv e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb GK
HwZnvwmK fvlY †`b| GB fvl‡Y wZwb ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× jovB Kivi Rb¨ me©¯@‡ii evOvwj‡`i cÖ¯‘Z _vK‡Z e‡jb| Gici cvwK¯@vwb
†mbviv 25†k gvP© iv‡Zi Auvav‡i evsjvi ey‡K GK wbg©g nZ¨vhÁ Pvjvq, hv †`‡L †`kevmx ¶zä n‡q I‡V Ges †`k‡K kΓgy³ Ki‡Z
†gv¯@dv Kvgvjmn eyavi g‡Zv wK‡kvi-Zi“Yiv gyw³hy‡× †hvM †`q|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨vm Ges DÏxc‡Ki ch©v‡jvPbvq †`Lv hvq, ee©i cvwK¯@vwb evwnbx‡K aŸsm Ki‡Z wK‡kvi-Zi“Y gyw³‡hv×viv wQj
`„pcÖwZÁ| evsjvi gvwU †_‡K kΓ‡`i wPiZ‡i weZvwoZ Ki‡Z Zviv ex‡ivwPZ f‚wgKv iv‡L| †Mwijv n‡q, nv‡Zi gy‡Vvq cÖvY wb‡q Zviv
kΓK¨v¤• aŸsm K‡i kΓ‡`i wfZ bvwo‡h †`q| G‡¶‡Î DÏxc‡Ki †gv¯@dv Kvgvj †hgb cvwK¯@vwb †mbv‡`i cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z `i“Bb
MÖv‡g Ae¯’vb †bq †Zgwb ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavI cvwK¯@vwb‡`i civfzZ Ki‡Z Zv‡`i K¨v‡¤• gvBb cyu‡Z Av‡m| G we‡ePbvq,
DÏxc‡Ki †gv¯@dv Kvgvj‡K Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi mv_©K cÖwZwbwa ejv hvq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi g‡a¨ hy× Kivi Ges Zv‡Z Rqx nIqvi g‡bvfve †`Lv hvq| DÏxc‡Ki †gv¯@dv Kvgv‡ji g‡a¨ GKB
g‡bvfve we`¨gvb| ZvB †gv¯@dv Kvgvj‡K eyav Pwi‡Îi mv_©K cÖwZwbwa ejv hvq|
cÖkœ  09 Zzwg i³-AvMyb, ey‡jU-†evgv
AvZ©bv` †cwi‡q cvIqv Ô¯^vaxbZvÕ|
ÔZzwg Avgvi j¶fvB‡qi i‡³i jvj e„ËÕ!
meyR kvwoi wVK gvSLv‡b i‡³i c–Y© Puv`!
Zzwg Avgvi M‡R© IVv †mvbvwj mKvj...
K. eyav `ytL‡K Kx fv‡e? 1
L. ÔAvgiv wZb Rb bB, GKRbÕ K_vwU Øviv Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_gvs‡k ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki †kl `yB Pi‡Yi †PZbv ev¯@evq‡b ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m eyavi Ae`vb we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
9bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h eyav `ytL‡K wnsmª kKzb fv‡e|
i cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi‡`i weiy‡× wb‡R‡`i GKZve× Ae¯’vi w`KwU †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ eyav‡K cÖ‡kœv³ K_vwU ejv n‡q‡Q|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m cvwK¯@vwb wgwjUvwi eyavi MÖv‡g b„ksm nZ¨vhÁ Pvjvq| Zv‡`i Giƒc Kg©Kv‡Ê fxZ n‡q A‡b‡KB MÖvg †Q‡o Ab¨Î P‡j
hvq| Avi hviv GjvKvq †_‡K hvq, Zviv w`‡b w`‡b nvbv`vi‡`i wei“‡× cÖwZev`x n‡q DV‡Z _v‡K| cÖKv‡k¨ cÖwZev` bv Ki‡jI g‡b g‡b
mevB GKB aviYv †cvlY Ki‡Z _v‡K| d‡j Dcb¨v‡mi eyav hLb †`vKv‡b Avwj I wgVyi m‡½ K_v e‡j, ZLb Zv‡`i wPš@v‡PZbvq GKB
fveaviv cÖKvk cvq| Avi GB †PZbvMZ HK¨e‡×i w`KwU †evSv‡bvi Rb¨B eyav‡K ejv n‡q‡Q, ÔAvgiv wZb Rb bB, GKRb|Õ
Dˇii g–jK_v : †PZbvMZ HK¨e×Zvq Dw³wU dzwU‡q †Zvjv n‡q‡Q|
j DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_gvs‡k ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ gvby‡li g„Zz¨, ¯^Rbnviv gvby‡li AvZ©bv`, †kv‡Ki `vevb‡ji w`KwU
cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m gyw³hy× PjvKvjxb cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi evwnbxi MYnZ¨v I ¯^Rbnviv gvby‡li AvZ©wPrKv‡ii w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
Z‡e †kv‡Ki gvZg m„wó K‡iB Zviv ¶vš@ wQj bv; eis †kvK‡K kw³‡Z cwiYZ K‡i eyav, Avwj I wgVzi g‡Zv Zi“Yiv cÖwZ‡iva f‚wgKvq
AeZxY© n‡qwQj|
DÏxc‡Ki Kwe hy‡×i mgq g„Zz¨ Avi `yt‡Li w`KwU Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| ¯^vaxbZv cÖvwßi Rb¨ †`kevmx‡K A‡bK i³-AvMy‡bi †jwjnvb wkLv
†cwi‡q, ey‡jU-†evgv AeÁv K‡i, AvZ©bv‡`i mgy`ª †cwi‡q Pj‡Z n‡q‡Q| jv‡Lv fvB‡qi i‡³i b`x †cwi‡q AwR©Z n‡q‡Q ¯^vaxbZv|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mI welqwU GKBfv‡e cwijw¶Z nq| †mLv‡bI cvwK¯@vwb †mbv‡`i Ab¨vq-AZ¨vPv‡i wcÖqRb nviv‡bvi AvnvRvwimn
me©¯@‡ii gvby‡li ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ Z¨vM I cÖwZ‡iv‡ai K_v ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Av‡jvP¨ Dcb¨v‡mi G w`KwUB DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g As‡k
cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_gvs‡k ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi cvKevwnbxi AZ¨vPvi, nZ¨vhÁ, MYgvby ‡li cÖwZ‡iva BZ¨vw` w`K cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
k DÏxc‡Ki †kl `yB Pi‡Yi †PZbvB ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi gyw³hy‡× AskMÖn‡Yi g–j KviY|
DÏxc‡Ki †kl `yB Pi‡Y exi evOvwji nv‡Z A¯¿ Zz‡j wb‡q hy‡× Suvwc‡q covi `„p cÖZ¨q e¨³ n‡q‡Q| hy‡M hy‡M evsjvi gvbyl HK¨e×
n‡q msMÖvg K‡i‡Q| Kwe g‡b K‡ib, evOvwj AvR †mv”Pvi, Zviv †R‡M D‡V‡Q exi `‡c©| ZvB Avi †Kv‡bv Avcm bq, bq †Kv‡bv mwÜ,
Gevi Zviv Nv‡qj Ki‡e kΓ‡`i| G‡Z meyR kvwoi wVK gvSLv‡b iwPZ n‡e i‡³i is‡q ivOv c–Y© Puv`| GRb¨ kΓi wei“‡× †h-†Kv‡bv
gyn–‡Z© M‡R© IVvi Rb¨ exi evOvwj m`v cÖ¯‘Z|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  76

ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m cvK nvbv`vi‡`i AgvbweK wbh©vZ‡bi bvbv w`K cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| MÖv‡gi gvby‡li Ni-evwo cywo‡q †`qv, cvwLi
g‡Zv Mywj K‡i gvbyl nZ¨v Kivi g‡Zv AgvbweK NUbvi K_v †mLv‡b Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e exi evOvwj cvwK¯@vwb evwnbxi Gme
Ab¨vq-AZ¨vPvi †g‡b †bqwb, Zviv cÖwZev` I msMÖv‡gi D‡Ï‡k¨ mivmwi hy‡× Suvwc‡q c‡o| Dcb¨v‡mi cÖavb PwiÎ eyav kΓ‡`i
cÖwZ‡iv‡a mvnmx f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| †m cvwK¯@vwb‡`i wei“‡× MÖvgevmx‡K HK¨e× K‡i †Zv‡j| GiB Ask wn‡m‡e cvwK¯@vwb
wgwjUvwi‡`i K¨v¤• Dwo‡q †`q, Avnv` gywÝmn Ab¨vb¨ ivRvKvi‡`i evwo‡Z AvMyb †`q| m‡e©vcwi †`k I †`‡ki gvby‡li gyw³i Rb¨
cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi evwnbxi wei“‡× †m ex‡ivwPZ f‚wgKvq AeZxY© nq, hv g–jZ DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡ki †kl `yB Pi‡Y dz‡U IVv ¯^vaxbZvi
†PZbviB mgvš@ivj| G we‡ePbvq eyavi Ae`vb DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡ki †kl `yB Pi‡Yi †PZbv ev¯@evq‡b Myi“Z¡c–Y© f‚wgKv †i‡L‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki †kl `yB Pi‡Yi †PZbvB ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi gyw³hy‡× AskMÖn‡Yi g–j KviY|
cÖkœ  10 Rvgvj mv‡ne GKRb bvgKiv wci| †`‡ki mviv A‡j Zvi gywi` Av‡Q| cvwb cov, ZvweR †`Iqv, wR‡bi gva¨‡g wPwKrmv
K‡ib wZwb| Gfv‡eB gywi`‡`i KvQ †_‡K A_©Kwo Avq K‡ib| wc‡ii GKgvÎ †Q‡j Avwid Gme cQ›` K‡i bv| †m Pvq †jLvcov K‡i
†m Wv³vi n‡e| gvby‡li wPwKrmvmn bvbv iKg †mev Ki‡e| cwiev‡ii mevB Pvq Avwid Zvi evevi †ckv Pvwj‡q hvK|
K. †Kvb AvB‡b nv‡Zg Avwji Rwg`vwi wbjv‡g D‡V‡Q? 1
L. Ôwe‡q n‡jv ZKw`‡ii K_vÕÑe¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K Rvgv‡ji mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †h Pwi‡Îi wgj Av‡Q Zv eY©bv K‡iv| 3
N. ÒeY©bvq ˆewPΨ _vK‡jI DÏxc‡Ki Avwid Ges ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Df‡qi fvebv GKB avivq DrmvwiZ|Ó ÑDw³wUi
†hŠw³KZv †`LvI| 4
10bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h m–h©v¯@ AvB‡b nv‡Zg Avwji Rwg`vwi wbjv‡g I‡V‡Q|
i Ôwe‡q n‡jv ZKw`‡ii K_v|Õ Rwg`v‡ii ¯¿x †Lv‡`Rvi G e³‡e¨ mewKQzB m„wóKZ©v KZ…©K wba©vwiZ nIqvi welqwUB dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
Zv‡niv evwo †_‡K cvwj‡q hvq| eRivq AvkÖq`vZv Zvi cvwj‡q Avmvi KviY Rvb‡Z PvB‡j Zv‡niv e‡j †h, GK ey‡ov gvby‡li mv‡_ Zvi
we‡q nIqvq †m cvwj‡q G‡m‡Q| ZLb †Lv‡`Rv Zv‡niv‡K †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ e‡j †h, †Zvgvi evwo †_‡K cvwj‡q Avmv DwPZ nqwb| KviY
Ôwe‡q n‡jv ZKw`‡ii K_vÕ A_©vr we‡qi †¶‡Î gvby‡li †Kv‡bv nvZ †bB| g–jZ †Lv‡`Rvi G e³‡e¨ ZrKvjxb bvixi mewKQz †g‡b †bIqvi
cÖeYZvB dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Ôwe‡q n‡jv ZKw`‡ii K_v|Õ †Lv‡`Rvi G e³‡e¨ mewKQzB m„wóKZ©v KZ…©K wba©vwiZ nIqvi welqwUB dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
j DÏxc‡Ki Rvgv‡ji mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki ewncxi Pwi‡Îi wgj Av‡Q|
ÔewncxiÕ bvUKwU GKRb wci‡K †K›`ª K‡i iwPZ n‡q‡Q| GB wci mviveQi wewfbœ †Rjvq Zvi Abymvix‡`i evwo‡Z evwo‡Z Ny‡i †eovb|
Kzms¯‹vi I ag©xq wek¦vm‡K cyuwR K‡i wZwb wb‡Ri ¯^v_© PwiZv_© K‡ib| Avi gywi`ivI me©¯^ w`‡q Zvi †mevhZœ I LvwZi K‡i|
DÏxc‡K Rvgvj mv‡ne bv‡gi GK wc‡ii K_v ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| †`‡ki mviv A‡j Zvi gywi` i‡q‡Q| cvwb cov, ZvweR †`qv, wR¡‡bi
gva¨‡g wPwKrmv K‡ib wZwb| hvi gva¨‡g wb‡Ri cÖfve eRvq ivLvi cvkvcvwk Avw_©Kfv‡eI jvf Av`vq K‡ib wZwb| GKBfv‡e,
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki wci mv‡n‡ei gywi`‡`i Kzms¯‹vi I AÜfw³‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q wZwb weËevb n‡q I‡Vb| kyay ZvB bq, gywi‡`i
Aíe‡qwm Kb¨v Zv‡niv‡K †KŠk‡j we‡q K‡ib wZwb| Avevi Zv‡niv cvwj‡q †M‡j Zv‡K wdwi‡q Avbvi Rb¨I dw›` Auv‡Ub| A_©vr
bvU‡Ki ewncxi Ges DÏxc‡Ki wci mv‡ne a–Z© I ¯^v_©v‡š^lx PwiÎ| Gw`K †_‡K Zv‡`i Pwi‡Îi wgj cvIqv hvq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Rvgv‡ji mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki ewncxi Pwi‡Îi wgj Av‡Q|
k ÒeY©bvq ˆewPΨ _vK‡jI DÏxc‡Ki Avwid Ges ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Df‡qi fvebv GKB avivq DrmvwiZ|ÓÑ Dw³wU †hŠw³K|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki ewncxi g–jZ GKRb a–Z© I ¯^v_©vÜ cÖK…wZi gvbyl| †PŠÏ eQi Av‡M Zvi ¯¿x gviv hvq| Zvici †KŠk‡j ZviB GK
gywi‡`i Aíe‡qwm †g‡q Zv‡niv‡K we‡q Kivi duv` cv‡Z †m| Zvi duv‡` cv w`‡qB Zv‡nivi evev-gv Zv‡K IB wc‡ii mv‡_ we‡q †`qvi
e¨e¯’v K‡i| GB Amg we‡qi nvZ †_‡K euvP‡Z Zv‡niv cvwj‡q wM‡h Rwg`v‡ii eRivq AvkÖq wb‡j Rwg`vicyÎ nv‡kg Avwj Zvi cv‡k
`uvovq Ges Zv‡niv‡K euvPv‡Z †m Zv‡K wb‡q ARvbvi D‡Ï‡k¨ cv evovq|
DÏxc‡K Avwid bv‡gi GK cÖwZevw` hye‡Ki K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| AvaywbK wk¶vq wkw¶Z Avwid A‡hŠw³K wcicÖ_vq wek¦vmx bq| †m Pvq
†jLvcov K‡i e‡ov Wv³vi n‡e| gvby‡li wPwKrmvmn bvbv iKg †mev Ki‡e| ZvB †m evevi cÖZviYv‡K †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡i bv| Av‡jvP¨
bvU‡Ki nv‡kg AvwjI †ZgbB GKRb wkw¶Z I cÖMwZkxj hyeK|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Ab¨Zg PwiÎ nv‡kg Avwj| DÏxc‡Ki Avwi‡di g‡Zv †mI GKRb cÖwZev`x PwiÎ| nv‡kg Avwj Rwg`vi cyÎ| †m
AZ¨š@ hyw³ev`x, AvaywbK I gvbweK Abyf‚wZm¤•bœ gvbyl| Zv‡niv‡K euvPv‡Z †m Zv‡K wb‡q ARvbvi c‡_ hvÎv K‡i| bvUKwU‡Z ag©xq
Kzms¯‹vi I mvgvwRK AbvPv‡ii wei“‡× cÖwZev‡`i cÖZxKx PwiÎ n‡jv nv‡kg Avwj| DÏxc‡Ki AvwidI Zvi g‡ZvB mvnmx PwiÎ|
Avwid fÊvwg, kVZv, cÖZviYv cQ›` K‡i bv| myZivs DÏxc‡Ki Avwid Ges bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Df‡qi fvebv GKB avivq DrmvwiZ|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ÒeY©bvq ˆewPΨ _vK‡jI DÏxc‡Ki Avwid Ges ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Df‡qi fvebv GKB avivq DrmvwiZ|Ó
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  77

cÖkœ  11 kixd mv‡n‡ei ¯¿xi g„Zz¨i ci wbtm½ Rxebhvcb Ki‡Qb, wZwb wbqwgZ bvgvR-†ivRvmn `xN©w`b gmwR` I GwZgLvbvq
mvnvh¨ K‡i Avm‡Qb| cÖ‡qvR‡b Amnvq gvby‡li cv‡k `uvovb| kixd mv‡n‡ei Kvh©Kjvc †`‡L gy» n‡q wcZ…nxb evwjKv †ikgv Zv‡K
†¯^”Qvq we‡q K‡i myLx n‡Z Pvq|
K. m–h©v¯@ AvBb KZ mv‡j cÖYxZ nq? 1
L. Ômvevm †g‡q ZzwgÕ Zv‡niv‡K G K_v ejvi KviY Kx? 2
M. DÏxcKwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki g–j welqe¯‘‡K aviY K‡i wK? hyw³mn Dc¯’vcb K‡iv| 3
N. ÒÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki ewncx‡ii gvbwmKZv DÏxc‡Ki kixd mv‡n‡ei g‡Zv n‡j bvU‡Ki cwiYwZ wfbœ n‡ZvÓÑ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
11bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h m–h©v¯@ AvBb 1793 mv‡j cÖYxZ nq|
i Zv‡niv‡K fr©mbv Ki‡Z †Lv‡`Rv Zv‡nivi Dw³wU K‡ib|
ewncx‡ii mv‡_ †Rvic–e©K we‡q †`Iqvq Zv‡niv cvwj‡qwQj| †m RvbZ bv †Kv_vq cvjv‡e, ïay RvbZ evwo †Q‡o Zv‡K cvjv‡Z n‡e| GB
`ytmvnm Zvi AvkÖq`vZv †Lv‡`Rv‡K Avðh©vwš^Z K‡i| †g‡q gvbyl n‡qI fqnxbfv‡e evwo †_‡K cvwj‡qwQj e‡j †Lv‡`Rv Zv‡niv‡K
Ôkvevk †g‡q ZywgÕ e‡j‡Qb|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Zv‡nivi cÖ_vwei“× KvR †Lv‡`Rvi cQ›` bv nIqvq fr©mbv K‡i †Lv‡`Rv Av‡jvP¨ Dw³wU K‡i‡Q|
j mg¯@ †cÖ¶vcU we‡ePbvq wb‡q ejv hvq, DÏxcKwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki g–j welqe¯‘‡K aviY K‡i bv|
ÔewncxiÕ bvUKwU AvewZ©Z n‡q‡Q GK fÊ wci‡K wb‡q| wZwb mviv eQi †`‡ki wewfbœ †Rjvq _vKv gywi`‡`i evwo‡Z Ny‡i †eovb| wZwb
gyiw`‡`i KvQ †_‡K Gmgq cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv my‡hvM-myweav MÖnY K‡ib| wb‡Ri ¯^v_©wmw×i Rb¨ wZwb Kb¨vi eqmx GK gvZ…nxb wK‡kvix‡K
we‡q K‡ib Ges IB wK‡kvix G we‡q A¯^xKvi K‡i cvwj‡q †M‡j, Zv‡K cvIqvi Rb¨ Zvi wcQy †bb| NUbvP‡µ `yR‡bB GK ¶wqòz
Rwg`v‡ii eRivq AvkÖq cvb| G eRivq Ae¯’vbiZ Rwg`vi cyÎ IB wK‡kvixi Ki“Y Kvwnwb ky‡b Zvi c¶ †bq Ges wK‡kvix‡K wc‡ii
jvjmvi nvZ †_‡K D×v‡ii cY K‡i|
DÏxc‡Ki kixd mv‡ne ¯¿xi g„Zz¨i ci wbtm½ Rxebhvcb K‡ib| wZwb wbqwgZ bvgvR-†ivRvmn `xN©w`b hveZ gmwR` I GwZgLvbvq
mvnvh¨-mn‡hvwMZv K‡i Avm‡Qb| kixd mv‡ne cÖ‡qvR‡b Amnvq gvby‡li cv‡k `uvovb| Zvi Gme gvbexq MyYvewj †`‡L gy» n‡q
wcZ…nxb evwjKv †ikgv Zv‡K we‡q Ki‡Z Pvq| Aciw`‡K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki ewncxi GKRb gZjeevR I ¯^v_©‡š^lx gvbyl| ZvQvov
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Kvwnwb M‡o D‡V‡Q evsjvi wci m¤•Ö`v‡qi fÛvwg wb‡q, hv †Kv‡bvfv‡eB DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c–Y© bq| ZvB ejv
hvq, DÏxcKwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki g–j welqe¯‘‡K aviY K‡i bv|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxcKwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki g–j welqe¯‘‡K aviY K‡i bv|
k ÒÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K ewncx‡ii gvbwmKZv DÏxc‡Ki kwid mv‡n‡ei g‡Zv n‡j bvU‡Ki cwiYwZ wfbœ n‡Zv|ÓÑgš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki ewncxi eB‡qi fvlvq K_v ejv GKRb K‚U‡KŠkjx I PZzi ag© e¨emvqx| bvU‡K Zvi a–Z©Zvi bvbv Kvwnwb j¶ Kiv
hvq| ewncxi `xN©w`b wecZœxK †_‡K wK‡kvix Zv‡nivi Ag‡Z Zv‡K we‡q K‡ib| wKš‘ e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZvq wek¦vmx Zv‡niv wb‡Ri Dci
Pvwc‡q †`qv G we‡q †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB †m D‡Ïk¨nxb cvwj‡q hvq| NUbvµ‡g ewncxi Rwg`v‡ii eRivq Zv‡niv‡K Lu‡y R cvb Ges
wewfbœ †KŠk‡j Zv‡K wdwi‡q wb‡Z †Póv K‡ib| Gi gva¨‡g wc‡ii †bwZevPK PvwiwÎK ˆewkó¨ dz‡U I‡V‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki kixd mv‡ne ¯¿xi g„Zz¨i ci wbtm½ Rxebhvcb Ki‡Qb| wZwb MÖv‡g wewfbœ mgvR‡mevg–jK KvR K‡i _v‡Kb| wZwb cÖ‡qvR‡b
Amnvq gvby‡li cv‡k `uvovb| kixd mv‡n‡ei Gme Kg©KvÛ †`‡L gy» n‡q wcZ…nxb evwjKv †ikgv Zv‡K †¯^”Qvq we‡q K‡i myLx n‡Z
Pvq|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K ewncxi GKRb e„× gvbyl| cÖvq †PŠÏ eQi Av‡M Zvi ¯¿x gviv hvq| Zv‡nivi evevi cÖ¯@v‡e ivwR n‡q wZwb Zv‡niv‡K
we‡q Ki‡Z m¤§Z nb| wKš‘ e„× wci‡K we‡q Ki‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Rvwb‡q Zv‡niv cvwj‡q †M‡j wci Zvi wcQy †bq| Zvici NUbvP‡µ wci
mv‡ne Zv‡nivi mÜvb †c‡j wewfbœ †KŠk‡ji AvkÖq wb‡q wZwb Zv‡niv‡K wdwi‡q wb‡Z †Póv K‡ib| wKš‘ DÏxc‡Ki kixd mv‡ne
ewncx‡ii m¤•–Y© wecixZ gvbwmKZvi| ewncxi hw` PvwiwÎK †mŠ›`‡h© kixd mv‡n‡ei g‡Zv n‡Zb, Zvn‡j wZwb Zv‡niv‡K Zvi Ag‡Z
we‡q Ki‡Zb bv| wKsev Zv‡niv cvwj‡q †M‡jI wZwb Zvi wcQy wb‡Zb bv Ges Zv‡K wd‡i †c‡Z KzU‡KŠkj Aej¤^b Ki‡Zb bv| Avi
Zvn‡j bvU‡Ki Kvwnwb wfbœ avivq cÖevwnZ n‡Zv|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K ewncx‡ii gvbwmKZv DÏxc‡Ki kwid mv‡n‡ei g‡Zv n‡j bvU‡Ki cwiYwZ wfbœ n‡Zv|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  78

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evsjv cÖ_g cÎ (eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶v) welq †KvW : 1 0 1
[2024 mv‡ji wm‡jevm Abyhvqx]
mgq : 30 wgwbU c–Y©gvb : 30
[we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶vi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg–n n‡Z mwVK/m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU
Kv‡jv Kvwji ej c‡q›U Kjg Øviv m¤•–Y© fivU K‡iv| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb- 1|] cÖkœc‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|
1. c„w_exUv Kv‡jv †auvqv g‡b nq †Kb? 16. DÏxcK I ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq cÖKvk †c‡q‡QÑ
E gvwU Nv‡g †fRvq F N‡i‡Z Afve _vKvq i. Amv¤•Ö`vwqKZv ii. mvg¨ev` iii. gvby‡li †kÖôZ¡
 G ivZ wbR©b nIqvq H Av‡jvi ¯•‡k©i Afv‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
2. †Qv‡Uv †g‡qwUi bvg myfvwlYx iv‡L †K? E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii
E nwini F cÖZvc 17. ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki AcÖavb PwiÎ †KvbwU?
 G bxjgwY H evYxKÉ E nv‡Zg Avjx F nwKKzjÐvn G nv‡kg Avjx H ewncxi
3. ÔwbqwZÕ M‡í †jL‡Ki †Kvb mg‡qi ¯§„wZ D‡V G‡m‡Q? 18. Ôey‡K Pvcv g„‡Zi AvMybÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?
E †hŠeb F ˆK‡kvi G †cÖŠp H ˆkke E b„ksmZvi fqvenZv F gyw³evwnbxi exiZ¡Muv_v
4. Avnv` gywÝi e‡ov †Q‡ji bvg Kx?  G cÖwZ‡kv‡`i Dš§v`bv H nvbv`vi‡`i cÖwZ‡iva
E wgVz F Avjx G kvnveywÏb H gwZDi 19. Ôwkq‡i ewmqv g‡b g‡b gvZv MwY‡Q †Q‡ji AvqyÕ ÑPiYwU‡Z Kx cÖKvk
5. Kv½vjxi gv‡qi g„Z‡`n mrKv‡ii KvV †RvMvo Ki‡Z bv cvivi KviYÑ †c‡q‡Q?
i. `wi`ªZv ii. DuPz †kÖwYi wbôziZv iii. RvwZ ˆelg¨
E †Q‡ji gyg–ly© Ae¯’v F †Q‡j nviv‡bvi Avk¸¶v
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?  G Adziš@ mš@vbevrmj¨ H mš@v‡bi †ivMgyw³i wPš@v
E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii
20. ÔAvwgI †Zvgvi m‡½ hy× KieÕÑK_vwU Kvi?
6. eyav Kv‡K fxZzi wWg e‡j‡Q?
E eyav F Avjx G Kzwš@ H ivwb
E dzjKwj F †bvjK eyqv G Kzwš@ H ivwb
7. bvU‡Ki cÖvY ejv nq †KvbwU? 21. †Kv_vq gvby‡liv wbf©vebvq Nywg‡q _v‡K?
E Auvavi N‡i F Kvbœv-nvwmi RM‡Z
E msjvc F `„k¨ G PwiÎ H A¼
 G RxY© †eovi N‡i H †QvÆ KzwV‡i
8. Avgv‡`i †`‡k Rbkw³ ev MYZš¿ MwVZ bv nIqvi KviY Kx?
E eY©‰elg¨ F AvwfRv‡Z¨i AnsKvi 22. wbgMv‡Qi w`‡K gy» `„wó‡Z †K †P‡q iB‡jv?
 G kÖgRxex‡`i D‡c¶v H RvMi‡Yi Afve E Kwe F KweivR G weÁ H Ávbx
9. ÔAvi wK †n n‡e †`LvÕÑPiY Øviv †KvbwU †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 23. cwjÐmvwnZ¨ m¤•‡`i g‡a¨ †KvbwU Ag–j¨ iZœwe‡kl?
E b`‡K †`Lvi Zxeª AvKv¸¶v F ¯^‡`‡ki cÖwZ Mfxi Dcjwä E Qov F cÖev`
 G Aš@‡ii AvKzj AvKzwZ H ¯^‡`‡ki cÖwZ Aby‡kvPbv  G cwjÐMvb H DcK_v
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 10 I 11bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 24. ewncx‡ii cÖ_g ¯¿xi B‡š@Kvj nq KZ eQi Av‡M?
¯^vaxbZv hy‡× cÖwZwU gyw³‡hv×v cÖvY fq bv K‡i RxebevwR †i‡L †`‡ki E 14 F 16 G 18 H 20
Rb¨ hy× K‡i‡Qb| Zviv g‡b K‡ib, kΓi nvZ †_‡K cÖvY euvwP‡q P‡j 25. Ô†Zv‡K †`‡L Avgv‡`i mvnm †e‡o †M‡Q|ÕÑ Avjxi GK_vq Kx cÖKvk
hvevi †_‡K †`‡ki Rb¨ kwn` nIqvUv A‡bK M‡e©i| †c‡q‡Q?
10. DÏxc‡Ki fvebvi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c–Y© cO&w³ †KvbwU? E mvnwmKZv F cÖw Z‡kva ¯•„ nv G g‡bve‡ji `„ pZv H Kg©¶gZv
E gvbe Rbg mvi, Ggb cv‡e bv Avi| 26. ÔI †i †K AvwQm †i, GLv‡b GKUz †Mvei Rj Qwo‡q †`!ÕÑ G K_v Øviv Kx
F `viv cyÎ cwievi, Zzwg Kvi †K †Zvgvi| cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q?
G K‡iv bv my‡Li Avk, c‡iv bv `y‡Li duvm| E bxPz †kÖwYi Ae¯’v F mvgš@ †kÖwYi †`Šivͨ
H K‡iv hy× exh©eb, hvq hv‡e hvK cÖvY|  G cwi”QbœZvi j¶Y H cÖPwjZ ixwZbxwZ
11. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ mv`„‡k¨i Aš@wb©wnZ KviYÑ 27. Ôevsjv beel© Drme AvR Avgv‡`i RvZxq ˆPZ‡b¨i aviK|ÕÑGLv‡b
i. mvnm ii. g‡bvej iii. `¶Zv ÔˆPZ‡b¨i aviKÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? E RvMi‡Yi D‡š§l F eY©ev`x †PZbv
E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii  G mvs¯‹…wZK ˆewPΨ H mv¤•Ö`vwqK m¤•ÖxwZ
12. eyw×Rxex I wkíxiv Kx‡mi gy‡L mB w`‡Z eva¨ n‡q‡Qb?  DÏxcKwU c‡o 28 I 29 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
E †eq‡bU F KvZz©R G Lyiwc H †MÖ‡bW wgbv wbqwgZ jvB‡eªwi‡Z wM‡q cov‡kvbv K‡i| wKš‘ Zvwbqv g‡b K‡i jvB‡eªwi‡Z
13. ÔfMœ¯@–‡ci g‡a¨ `uvwo‡q GKUvbv AvZ©bv` Kij GKUv KzKziÕ|Ñ GB Ab¨ eB co‡j mgq bó n‡e, K¬v‡m cÖ_g nIqv hv‡e bv|
AvZ©bv‡` wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? 28. DÏxc‡K wgbvi Kv‡R ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`KwU cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q?
E cÖw Z‡kva MÖ n ‡Y evOvwji AcviMZv F cvwK¯@vwb‡`i cÖwZ N„Yv
E ¯^wkw¶Z nIqv F kL c–iY
 G cvKnvbv`vi‡`i wei“‡ × cÖ wZ‡kva H gyw³evwnbxi RvMiY
 G Hk¦h© mÜvb H g‡bvej evov‡bv
14. †mŠw` Avi‡ei `w¶Yv‡ji GKwU De©i cÖ‡`k †KvbwU?
29. DÏxc‡Ki Zvwbqvi g‡Zv gvby‡livÑ
E gw`bv F g°v G Zv‡qd H †nv`vqweqv
i. jvB‡eªwii Myi“Z¡ Abyfe K‡i bv
 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 15 I 16 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
ii. wb‡Ri Ici wb‡Ri wek¦vm †bB
Ôme †jv‡K Kq jvjb Kx RvZ msmv‡i,
iii. mvwnZ¨PP©vi mydj m¤^‡Ü mw›`nvb
jvj‡b Kq Rv‡Zi Kx i–c †`Ljvg bv G bR‡i|Õ
15. DÏxc‡Ki fv‡ei mv‡_ mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q †h Pi‡YiÑ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
E Ze gmwR`-gw›`‡i cÖfz bvB gvby‡li `vwe E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii
F gvby‡li †P‡q e‡ov wKQy bvB, b‡n wKQy gnxqvb 30. ÔA_© wPš@vi wbM‡o mK‡j ew›`ÕÑej‡Z †KvbwU †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?
G H gw›`i c–Rvixi, nvq †`eZv, †Zvgvi bq E ¯^v_©ciZv F gbyl¨‡Z¡i wPš@v
H †Zvgvi wgbv‡i Pwoqv fÊ Mv‡n ¯^v‡_©i Rq! G m¤•‡`i †gv‡n AÜ H Abœe‡¯¿i e¨e¯’v

 Lvwj NiMy‡jv‡Z †cbwmj w`‡q DËiMy‡jv †j‡Lv| Gici QR †Kv‡W cÖ`Ë DËigvjvi mv‡_ wgwj‡q †`‡Lv †Zvgvi DËiMy‡jv mwVK wK bv|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
DËi

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  79

ewikvj †evW©Ñ2024
evsjv cÖ_g cÎ (m„Rbkxj cÖkœ) †mU : 03
[2024 mv‡ji wm‡jevm Abyhvqx] welq †KvW : 1 0 1
mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU c–Y©gvb : 70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c–Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcKMy‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i c‡ov Ges mswkÐó cÖkœMy‡jvi DËi `vI| K wefvM (M`¨) n‡Z
Kgc‡¶ `ywU, L wefvM (KweZv) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ `ywU, M wefvM (Dcb¨vm) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwU Ges N wefvM (bvUK) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwU K‡i †gvU
mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e| GKB cÖ‡kœi Dˇi mvay I PwjZ fvlvixwZi wgkÖY `–lYxq|]
K wefvM : M`¨
1| wmay Zvi `wi`ª wcZv-gvZvi GKgvÎ mš@vb| †m fxlY Wvbwc‡U Ges `–iš@| mvivw`b MÖv‡gi †Q‡j‡`i mv‡_ †Ljv-ayjv K‡i Ges e‡b-R½‡j
Ny‡i †eovq| cÖK…wZB †hb Zvi GKgvÎ AvkÖq| †Kvb Mv‡Qi Avg wgwó, Kvi evMv‡bi Kjv cvK‡jv e‡jÑ BZ¨vw` Lei Zvi †P‡q †KD fv‡jv Rv‡b
bv| KviY †m mvivw`b GLv‡b-†mLv‡b Ny‡i Ny‡i Gme Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i| Zvi Ggb KvRK‡g© MÖv‡gi mevB AwZô| Awf‡hvM kyb‡Z kyb‡Z Zvi
gv‡qi Kvb Svjvcvjv n‡q †M‡Q| ZvB Zvi gv me mgq wmayi Kg©Kv‡Ê fxlY DwØMœ _v‡Kb|
K. nwini Kvi evwo‡Z KvR K‡i? 1
L. ÔAvgvi Ggb n‡q‡Q †h B‡”Q K‡i GKw`‡K †ewi‡q hvB|ÕÑme©Rvi G K_vi KviY Kx? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki wmay Pwi‡Îi mv‡_ ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q Zv eY©bv K‡iv| 3
N. Zzwg Kx g‡b K‡iv DÏxc‡Ki wmayi gv ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi me©Rvqvi g‡Zv cwjÐgv‡qi kvk¦Z i–c n‡Z †c‡i‡Q? Dˇii mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
2| kv‡n` Kwig, `yb©xwZi wei“‡× UK‡kv‡Z K_vi dzjSzwi dzU‡Zv hvi gy‡L, †kvbv‡Zb bxwZ evK¨| nvmcvZv‡ji gvwjK wn‡m‡e wZwb gvbewn‰Zlx
wn‡m‡e wdwiw¯@ w`‡Zb| K‡ivbvKv‡j K‡ivbv †U‡÷i fzqv †iRvë w`‡q Zvi Avmj cwiPq dzwU‡q †Zv‡jb| GKig AviI A‡bK `yb©xwZ I
Awbq‡gi Awf‡hv‡M eZ©gv‡b Kvivevm Ki‡Qb wZwb|
K. Abœ e‡¯¿i cÖvPz‡h©i †P‡qI gyw³ e‡ovÑ GB †evawU Kx‡mi cwiPvqK? 1
L. Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Ü D‡jÐwLZ ¶zrwccvmvi e¨vcviwU gvbweK K‡i †Zvjv hvi Kxfv‡e? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki K‡ivbv †U÷ wb‡q kv‡n` Kwi‡gi Kg©KvÊ Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`KwU‡K wb‡`©k K‡i? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔDÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g w`‡K kv‡n` Kwi‡gi K_v Abyhvqx hw` Zuvi Kg©KvÊ cwiPvwjZ n‡Zv Z‡e Zuvi Rxe‡bI †mvbv dj‡Zv|Õ Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ
cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
3| A_©‰bwZK g›`vi Kvi‡Y Pv‡gjwi ¯^vgx iZ‡biI PvKwi P‡j hvq| msmv‡ii nvj ai‡Z Pv‡gjx kn‡ii e‡ov e¨emvqx K…òv gÛ‡ji Kvc‡oi
†`vKv‡b wecYb Kg©x wn‡m‡e KvR †bq| gv‡S gv‡S K…òv gÛ‡ji `yB mš@vb‡K `vwq‡Z¡i m‡½ ¯‹zj †_‡K Avbv-†bIqv K‡i| Pv‡gjxi KvR-K‡g©
K…òv gÛj fxlY Lywk nq| Pv‡gjxi gvwmK †eZb wØMyY e„w× K‡i †`b| G‡Z Pv‡gjx fxlY Lywk nq|
K. ggZvw`i `y‡PvL mRj n‡q DVjцKb? 1
L. Ôfrm©bv bq Av‡e`bÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki K…òv gÛj ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi m‡½ mv`„k¨c–Y© Zv eY©bv K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Pv‡gjx ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw` Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i wK? Dˇii mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
4| ÔZzwg eÜy Kvjv cvwL
Avwg †hb Kx?
emš@ Kv‡j †Zvgvq ej‡Z cvwiwb|Õ
nvU-evRv‡i G iKg Mvb †M‡q gvby‡li gb AvKl©Y KiZ eB we‡µZv nKvi †m‡K›`vi Avwj| eB wewµi cvkvcvwk MÖvg A‡j †jvKgy‡L cÖPwjZ
†jvK-Kvwnwb, gyw³‡hv×v‡`i weRqMuv_v BZ¨vw` msMÖn K‡i Zv dg©vKv‡i †Q‡c wewµ Ki‡Zv| GK mgq Zvi †ePv-wewµ fv‡jv n‡jI B`vbxs Zvi
eB Avi †Zgb †KD †K‡b bv| †m‡K›`viI g‡bi `yt‡L †ckv cwieZ©b K‡i‡Q|
K. Ô†`Iqvbv-gw`bvÕ †jvKMv_vi cÖL¨vZ Kwe †K? 1
L. †jv‡K Qov fz‡j hv‡”Q †Kb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Mv‡bi AskwU ÔcwjÐmvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`K‡K wb‡`©k K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki †m‡K›`vi Avwji Kg©KvÊMy‡jv hw` msi¶Y Kiv †hZ Zvn‡j ÔcwjÐmvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Üi cÖvew܇Ki cÖZ¨vkvc–Y© n‡Zv|Ó Dˇii
mc‡¶ †Zvgvi hyw³ `vI| 4
L wefvM : KweZv
5| DÏxcK-1 :
ab avb¨ cy®•fiv Avgv‡`i GB emyÜiv
Zvnvi gv‡S Av‡Q †`k GK mKj †`‡ki †miv
I †m ¯^cœ w`‡q ˆZwi †m †`k ¯§„wZ w`‡q †Niv|
DÏxcK-2 :
Ônv‡U gv‡V ev‡U GB g‡Zv Kv‡U eQi c‡b‡iv-†lv‡jv
GKw`b †k‡l wdwiev‡i †`‡k e‡ovB evmbv n‡jv|
AevwiZ gvV, MMb jjvU Pz‡g Ze c`a–wjÑ
Qvqv mywbweo kvwš@i bxo †Qv‡Uv †Qv‡Uv MÖvgMywj|Õ
K. m‡bU-Gi evsjv cÖwZkã Kx? 1
L. Ô`y»-†mªv‡Zvi–cx Zzwg Rš§f‚wg-¯@‡bÕÑej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxcK-2-G ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi †h w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv eY©bv K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcK-1 ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi g–jfv‡ei bvgvš@i|ÓÑgš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv wbi–cY K‡iv| 4
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  80
6| gv`vi †Z‡imv mviv Rxeb a‡i gvby‡li †mev K‡i †M‡Qb| wZwb ¯^cœ †`L‡Zb Kxfv‡e `yLx I `y¯’ gvby‡li †mev Kiv hvq| gvbyl‡K KvQ †_‡K
†mev †`Iqvi Rb¨ wZwb mbœ¨vmeªZ MÖnY K‡ib| nZ`wi`ª I Mwie gvby‡li Rb¨ wbg©vY K‡ib Ôwbg©j ü`qÕ| GLv‡b wZwb RvwZ-ag©-eY© wbwe©‡k‡l
mKj gvbyl‡K †mev cÖ`vb Ki‡Zb| mviv Rxe‡bi AwR©Z DcvR©b gvby‡li †mevq DrmM© K‡i‡Qb|
K. Kvi Mv‡q AvRvwii wPý? 1
L. ÔA‡f` ag© RvwZÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki gv`vi †Z‡imvi Kg©KvÊ, ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi †gvjÐv-cy‡ivwnZ‡`i Kg©Kv‡Êi †h cv_©K¨ we`¨gvb Zv eY©bv K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ Av`k© ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi Av`k©‡K mgvš@ivj fvev hvq wK? †Zvgvi gZvg‡Zi mc‡¶ hyw³ cÖ`vb K‡iv| 4
7| `„k¨Kí-1 :
Ô`vD `vD cy‡o hv‡”Q bZzb evRvi|
cyo‡Q †`vKvb-cvU, KvV,
†jvnv-j°‡ii ¯@–c, gmwR` Ges gw›`i|
`vD `vD cy‡o hv‡”Q bZzb evRvi|
welg cyo‡Q PZzw`©‡K Ni-evwo|Õ
`„k¨Kí-2 :
¯^vaxbZv Zzwg
gRyi hyevi †iv‡` SjwmZ `¶ evûi MÖwš’j †cwk|
¯^vaxbZv Zzwg
AÜKv‡ii Luv Luv mxgv‡š@ gyw³‡mbvi †Pv‡Li wSwjK|
K. AeyS wkky †Kv_vq nvgvMywo †`q? 1
L. Ôkn‡ii ey‡K RjcvB i‡Oi U¨v¼ G‡jvÕ †Kb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. `„k¨Kí-1-Gi mv‡_ Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvi †Kvb †Kvb w`‡Ki wgj i‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Ò`„k¨Kí-2-Gi fve Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi Rb¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvi mgMÖ fve‡K aviY K‡iwbÓÑ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
M wefvM : Dcb¨vm
8| 1971 mv‡j gyw³hy‡×i mgq A‡bK gvbyl wbivc` AvkÖ‡qi Rb¨ kni †Q‡o MÖv‡g AvkÖq †bq| Avevi A‡b‡K Ni-evwoi gvqv Z¨vM K‡i Rxeb
euvP‡Z fvi‡Z wM‡q wewfbœ kiYv_©x †K‡›`ª AvkÖq MÖnY K‡i| hvÎvc‡_ Gme kiYv_©x‡`i Lvevi I cvwb w`‡q mvnvh¨ K‡i ivRy bv‡g GK wK‡kvi|
Zv‡`i Kv‡Q cvwK¯@vwb‡`i AZ¨vPv‡ii Kvwnwb ky‡b Zvi g‡b cÖwZ‡kva¯•„nv †R‡M I‡V| †m †fZ‡i †fZ‡i dzum‡Z _v‡K, Avi g‡b g‡b fv‡e hw`
†m GKwU cvwK¯@vwb †mbv‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv, Zvn‡j Zvi Mv‡qi R¡vjv wKQyUv Ryov‡Zv|
K. gyw³evwnbxi KgvÛvi †K? 1
L. Ô†Q‡jwU GK Avðh© exi KvKZvo~qv|Õ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki kiYv_©x‡`i m‡½ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Kv‡`i mv`„k¨ j¶ Kiv hvqÑe¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki ivRy ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi h_v_© cÖwZwbwa n‡q DV‡Z †c‡i‡Q wK? †hŠw³K we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
9| g„š§q Zvi evevi mv‡_ 16B wW‡m¤^i mKv‡j Aciv‡Rq 71-G dzj w`‡Z hvq| GLv‡b nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl‡K †m dzj w`‡q kÖ×v wb‡e`b Ki‡Z
†`‡L| †m Zvi evevi Kv‡Q Aciv‡Rq 71 m¤•‡K© Rvb‡Z Pvq| evev Zv‡K e‡jb, gyw³hy‡×i mgq †h exi-†hv×viv cÖvYcY hy× K‡i †`‡ki Rb¨
Rxeb w`‡q‡Qb, Zuv‡`i ¯§i‡Y GwU wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q| ZvB, Aciv‡Rq 71 Zi“Y cÖR‡š§i wbKU gyw³hy‡×i cÖvgvY¨ `wjj n‡q `uvwo‡q Av‡Q|
K. Kviv cvwLi g‡Zv gvbyl gv‡i? 1
L. Ô†fZ‡i my‡Li cyuwUgvQ i“cvwj wSwjK Zz‡j muvZivqÕÑeyavi G Abyf‚wZi KviY e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. ÒDÏxc‡K, Rxeb DrmM©Kvix e¨w³MY ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m Kv‡`i cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|ÓÑe¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡K ÔAciv‡Rq 71Õ Ges ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨vm Df‡q evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i cÖvgvY¨ `wjjÓ| Ñgš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
N wefvM : bvUK
10| 8g †kÖwYi †gavex QvÎx i–cv Pvi eQi Av‡M GK AvKw¯§K `yN©Ubvq evev-gv nvwi‡q PvPvi evwo‡Z AvkÖq wb‡q PvPv‡Zv fvB-†evb‡`i m‡½
cov‡jLv Ki‡Q| AZ¨š@ †gavex e‡j Zvi cov‡kvbv †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡i bv PvwP| PvwP i–cvi we‡qi Rb¨ D‡Vc‡o jv‡M| †kl ch©š@, PvPv‡K ivwR
Kwi‡q GK ga¨ eqwm dj e¨emvqxi m‡½ we‡q wVK K‡i †d‡j| we‡q wbwðZ †R‡b i–cv wbi“cvq n‡q Dc‡Rjv wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©vi kiYvcbœ nq|
K. †K QvcvLvbv w`‡Z †P‡qwQj? 1
L. ÔZvi †Pv‡L cvwb bvB e‡U, wKš‘ eyK wbðq †d‡U hv‡”Q|Õ †Kb Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki i–cvi we‡q ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb mvgvwRK mgm¨v‡K wPwýZ K‡i| ÑZv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv hw` DÏxc‡Ki i–cvi f‚wgKvq AeZxY© n‡Zv Zvn‡j bvU‡Ki cwiYwZ wfbœ n‡Zv| Ñgš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
11| gwbi mv‡ne GKRb mvaviY e¨emvqx| K‡ivbvKv‡j Zvi e¨emv‡q e¨vcK †jvKmvb nq| wZwb e¨vsK †_‡K UvKv †jvb wb‡q e¨emv‡qi Kv‡R
jvwM‡q‡Qb| e¨vsK †jvb mgqg‡Zv cwi‡kva Ki‡Z bv cvivq Zvi cuvP Zjv evwowU wbjv‡g D‡V| ¯¿x-cyÎ I Kb¨v‡`i wb‡q wZwb fxlY `ywðš@vq
c‡ob| †Kv‡bv Dcvq †ei Ki‡Z bv †c‡i, †k‡l wZwb Zvi gvgv‡Zv fvB nvwe‡ei wbKU UvKv avi Pvb| wKš‘ nvwee e‡j hw` †m Zvi cuvP Zjv
evwoi A‡a©K Zvi bv‡g wj‡L †`q, Zvn‡j †m Zv‡K UvKv avi wn‡m‡e †`‡e| GK_v ky‡b gwbi mv‡ne wKsKZ©e¨weg–p n‡q c‡ob|
K. eRiv †Kvb Nv‡U †_‡gwQj? 1
L. Zv‡niv †kl ch©š@ ewncx‡ii m‡½ †h‡Z Pvq †Kb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki gwbi mv‡n‡ei evwo nviv‡bv NUbvi m‡½ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡Zg Avwji wgj Kx‡m? Ñe¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki nvwee Ges ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki ewncx‡ii K‚U‡KŠkj GKB m–‡Î Muv_vÓÑgš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  81

DËigvjv
eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶v
1 L 2 N 3 N 4 N 5 N 6 N 7 K 8 M 9 K 10 N 11 K 12 K 13 L 14 M 15 L
DËi

16 N 17 L 18 M 19 L 20 M 21 M 22 K 23 M 24 K 25 M 26 L 27 N 28 K 29 L 30 N

m„Rbkxj
cÖkœ  01 wmay Zvi `wi`ª wcZv-gvZvi GKgvÎ mš@vb| †m fxlY Wvbwc‡U Ges `–iš@| mvivw`b MÖv‡gi †Q‡j‡`i mv‡_ †Ljv-ayjv K‡i
Ges e‡b-R½‡j Ny‡i †eovq| cÖK…wZB †hb Zvi GKgvÎ AvkÖq| †Kvb Mv‡Qi Avg wgwó, Kvi evMv‡bi Kjv cvK‡jv e‡jÑ BZ¨vw` Lei
Zvi †P‡q †KD fv‡jv Rv‡b bv| KviY †m mvivw`b GLv‡b-†mLv‡b Ny‡i Ny‡i Gme Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i| Zvi Ggb KvRK‡g© MÖv‡gi mevB
AwZô| Awf‡hvM kyb‡Z kyb‡Z Zvi gv‡qi Kvb Svjvcvjv n‡q †M‡Q| ZvB Zvi gv me mgq wmayi Kg©Kv‡Ê fxlY DwØMœ _v‡Kb|
K. nwini Kvi evwo‡Z KvR K‡i? 1
L. ÔAvgvi Ggb n‡q‡Q †h B‡”Q K‡i GKw`‡K †ewi‡q hvB|ÕÑme©Rvi G K_vi KviY Kx? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki wmay Pwi‡Îi mv‡_ ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q Zv eY©bv K‡iv| 3
N. Zzwg Kx g‡b K‡iv DÏxc‡Ki wmayi gv ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi me©Rvqvi g‡Zv cwjÐgv‡qi kvk¦Z i–c n‡Z †c‡i‡Q? Dˇii
mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
1bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h nwini MÖv‡gi Abœ`v iv‡qi evwo‡Z †Mvg¯@vi KvR K‡i|
i msmv‡i bvbv Afve, Zvi Ici cvIbv‡`i mveavbevbx g‡b K‡i ¯^vgx nwin‡ii mv‡_ K‡_vcK_‡bi GKch©v‡q me©Rqv GgbwU e‡jwQj|
nwini bZzb Kv‡Ri K_v ¯¿x me©Rqv‡K Rvbvw”Qj| me©Rqv wKQyUv ¯^w¯@i w`kv †c‡qwQj| KviY nwini Kv‡R †M‡j mKjwKQy me©Rqv‡K
mvgjv‡Z nq| Afve-AbU‡bi msmv‡i ˆ`bw›`b Rxeb cÖevn, mš@vb‡`i Ave`vi, †jvK-†jŠwKKZv mvg‡j Pj‡Z nq| KL‡bv KL‡bv
cvIbv‡`i gš@‡e¨ weeªZI n‡Z nq| †mme Acgvb Avi msmv‡ii myw`‡bi cÖZ¨vkvq me©Rqv ev¯@weKB ey‡SwQj KvRUvi Myi“Z¡| ZvB‡Zv
RvZ-cv‡Zi †eovRvj †f` K‡i me©Rqv nwini‡K bZzb KvRwU Ki‡Z e‡jwQj| b‡Pr w`b w`b msmv‡ii Ae¯’v Av‡iv Lvivc n‡e|
nq‡Zv mewKQy mvgjv‡Z bv †c‡i †mI GKw`b GKw`‡K P‡j hvevi K_v fve‡e|
Dˇii g–jK_v : msmvi hš¿Yv Ø» me©Rqv †Kv‡bv GKmgq gyw³ †c‡Z Ggb fvebv K‡iwQj|
j DÏxc‡Ki ÔwmayÕ Pwi‡Îi mv‡_ ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi Ô`yM©vÕ Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
wef‚wZf‚l‡Yi gvbmKb¨v `yM©v| `yM©v cÖK…wZ Kb¨vI| †h ebMuv ev ebMÖvg wef‚wZf‚l‡Yi Rš§, †mB cÖvš@iwUI wQj ebf‚wg‡Z c–Y©| †evaKwi †m
cÖfve Gov‡Z bv †c‡i Ôc‡_i cuvPvjxÕi `yM©v‡K Avcb g‡bi gvayix wgwk‡q M‡o Zz‡j‡Qb| `yM©vi mKvj n‡Zv cÖK…wZi Avbv‡P-Kvbv‡P Ny‡i
†eov‡bvi ¯^cœ wb‡q| nqZ iv‡Z Nygv‡bvi Av‡MB †m ¯^cœ †evbv n‡q †h‡Zv| ej‡Z †M‡j `yiš@cbv GK ¯^fve| cÖK…wZi gv‡S †n‡m-†L‡j
†eov‡bv‡ZB Zvi Avb›`| G‡¶‡Î gv‡qi kvmb-eviY †Kv‡bv wKQyiB avi †m av‡i bv| cÖK…wZi †Kv‡j ¯^vaxbfv‡e †n‡m-†L‡j †eov‡bv Avi
Avg-Rvg-†cuqviv †c‡o LvIqv‡ZB Zvi †eRvq Avb›`| e‡bi Zz”Q djI Zvi cwiZ…wßi Drm| KLbI KLbI †Qv‡Uv fvB Acy‡KI mv‡_
†bq| GKK_vq cÖK…wZi AvkÖq-cÖkÖ‡q †e‡o IVv GK gvbex PwiÎ `yM©v|
DÏxc‡K †`wL `wi`ª wcZv-gvZvi GKgvÎ mš@vb wmay‡K| fxlY Wvbwc‡U Avi `yiš@| cÖK…wZi Hk¦‡h© jvwjZ-cvwjZ n‡q Qy‡U P‡j Geb
†_‡K Ie‡b| e‡bi dzj-dj †h‡bv Zvi A‡c¶vq _v‡K| †m bv G‡j, e‡bi Mv‡Qi dj-dzj bv †L‡j, bv wQo‡j †h‡bv e‡bi c–Y©Zv Av‡m
bv| †Kvb Mv‡Qi dj wgwó, †Kvb evMv‡b †Kvb dj Av‡Q, Kvi Mv‡Q dj †c‡K‡QÑ Gme Z_¨ wmayi †_‡K †ewk †KD iv‡L bv| wmayi G
`–iš@civq mevB wei³| ZeyI †_‡g hvevi †Kv‡bv gv‡b †bB| wbZ¨Kvq G i“wU‡b wmayi gv‡K A‡bK A‡bK wei³ n‡Z nq| bvbv‡jv‡Ki
Awf‡hvM kyb‡Z nq| wmay‡K wb‡q gv‡qi ZvB wPš@vi †kl †bB| ZviciI wmay Avcb g‡b Geb †_‡K Ie‡b Qy‡U P‡j‡Q wbiš@i| G †hb
`yM©viB †Q‡j ms¯‹iY| ZvB ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi `yM©v Avi DÏxc‡Ki ÔwmayÕ mv`„k¨c–Y© PwiÎ|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DfqB cÖK…wZi AvkÖq-cÖk‡Ö q jvwjZ cvwjZ PwiÎ| ZvB ˆewkó¨MZ w`K w`‡q wmay I `yM©v mv`„k¨c–Y©|
k DÏxc‡Ki wmayi gv I M‡íi gv me©Rqvi g‡a¨ DwØMœZv i‡q‡Q| Z‡e g‡b nq bv wm`yi gv me©Rqvi g‡Zv cwjÐgv‡qi k¦v¯^Z iƒc n‡Z
†c‡i‡Q|
ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi me©Rqv GK Abb¨ bvix PwiÎ| evOvwj bvix Pwi‡Îi me Hk¦h© I Av`k©‡K jvjb-cvjb K‡i KLbI ¯¿x, KL‡bv
gv Avevi KL‡bv msmv‡ii KZ…©| msmv‡ii Aw¯@‡Z¡i cÖ‡kœ, mš@vb‡`i ¶zav wbevi‡Yi cÖ‡kœ me©Rqv nwin‡ii AeZ©gv‡b Xvj n‡q
`uvwo‡q‡Q| wb‡Ri `ytL-e¨_v, ¶zav fz‡j gv‡qi †øn-Qvqvi AvPj Z‡j `y-fvB‡evb‡K AuvK‡o a‡i‡Q| Avevi hLb mš@vb‡`i AvPi‡Y
wei³ n‡q‡Q ZLb K‡Vvi nv‡Z kvmb K‡i kvw¯@ wbwðZ K‡i‡Q| w`b‡k‡l Avevi Aby‡kvPbvq fz‡M‡Q| gvZ…ü`‡qi me Hk¦h© w`‡q
Avevi Kv‡Q †U‡b‡Q| me wg‡j me©Rqv GK Abb¨ PwiÎ, cwjÐ gv‡qi GK k¦v¯^Z iƒc|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  82
DÏxc‡Ki wmayi gvI `wi`ª¨ cwiev‡ii cÖwZwbwa| `–iš@ wmay Zv‡`i GKgvÎ mš@vb| wmay‡K wb‡q D`&‡eM-D`&w`MœZv, evB‡ii †jv‡Ki
Awf‡hvM _vK‡jI msmv‡ii ˆ`bw›`b Uvbv‡cv‡ob I †m m¤•wK©Z hš¿Yvi †Kv‡bv D‡jÐL Avgiv DÏxc‡K cvB bv| ZvQvov evwoi AvwObv,
†Mvi“-evQyi, Gme mvgjv‡bvi †Kv‡bv weeiYI DÏxc‡K †bB|
M‡í `y-fvB †ev‡bi D‡jÐL _vK‡jI DÏxc‡K †Kej wmayi cÖm½ Av‡Q| ZvQvov mš@v‡bi kvmb-†mvnv‡Mi cÖm½wUI Abycw¯’Z| mewg‡j,
wmayi gv †Kv‡bvfv‡eB me©Rqv Pwi‡Îi cÖwZiƒc bq| cwjÐgv‡qi k¦v¯^Z iƒc †Zv †Kv‡bvfv‡eB g‡b nq bv|
Dˇii g–jK_v : M‡íi me©Rqvi g‡Zv cwjÐgv‡qi k¦vk¦Z iƒc DÏxc‡Ki wmayi gv n‡Z cv‡iwb|
cÖkœ  02 kv‡n` Kwig, `yb©xwZi wei“‡× UK‡kv‡Z K_vi dzjSzwi dzU‡Zv hvi gy‡L, †kvbv‡Zb bxwZ evK¨| nvmcvZv‡ji gvwjK wn‡m‡e
wZwb gvbewn‰Zlx wn‡m‡e wdwiw¯@ w`‡Zb| K‡ivbvKv‡j K‡ivbv †U‡÷i fzqv †iRvë w`‡q Zvi Avmj cwiPq dzwU‡q †Zv‡jb| GKig
AviI A‡bK `yb©xwZ I Awbq‡gi Awf‡hv‡M eZ©gv‡b Kvivevm Ki‡Qb wZwb|
K. Abœ e‡¯¿i cÖvPz‡h©i †P‡qI gyw³ e‡ovÑ GB †evawU Kx‡mi cwiPvqK? 1
L. Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Ü D‡jÐwLZ ¶zrwccvmvi e¨vcviwU gvbweK K‡i †Zvjv hvi Kxfv‡e? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki K‡ivbv †U÷ wb‡q kv‡n` Kwi‡gi Kg©KvÊ Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`KwU‡K wb‡`©k K‡i? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔDÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g w`‡K kv‡n` Kwi‡gi K_v Abyhvqx hw` Zuvi Kg©KvÊ cwiPvwjZ n‡Zv Z‡e Zuvi Rxe‡bI †mvbv dj‡Zv|Õ
Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
2bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h Abœ-e‡¯¿i cÖvPz‡h©i †P‡qI gyw³ e‡ovÑ G †evawU gvby‡li gbyl¨‡Z¡i cwiPvqK|
i Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Ü DwjÐwLZ ¶zrwccvmvi welqwU gvbweK K‡i †Zvjv hvq wk¶vi gva¨‡g|
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cÖK…Z wk¶v gvbyl‡K g–j¨‡evam¤•bœ K‡i, Kx K‡i g‡bi gvwjK n‡q Abyf‚wZ I Kíbvi iƒc Av¯^v`b Kiv hvq †m wk¶v †`q| myZivs
wk¶vi G AcÖ‡qvR‡bi w`KwUB †kÖô| hv gvbyl‡K gvbweK n‡Z D`&ey× K‡i| Rxe‡bi cÖK…Z gv‡b Dcjwä‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| ZLb mgv‡R
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Gfv‡eB ¶zrwccvmvi e¨vcviwU gvbweK n‡q hvq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : gvby‡li g‡a¨ g–j¨‡eva RvMÖZ n‡j ¶zav I Z…òvmn Avgv‡`i mvwe©K Rxeb e¨e¯’vq Zvi mycÖfve co‡e|
j DÏxc‡Ki kv‡n` Kwi‡gi Kg©KvÛ Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi wk¶vi cÖ‡qvRbxq w`K‡KB wb‡`©k K‡i|
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DÏxc‡Ki kv‡n` Kwig wk¶vi cÖ‡qvR‡bi w`KwU‡K †ewk cÖvavb¨ w`‡q †d‡j‡Qb| Abœe‡¯¿i mgm¨vi mgvav‡bi cvkvcvwk wZwb wejvmx
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KcU †jv‡Ki g‡Zv gy‡L GKUv g‡b Av‡iKUv jvjb K‡i µ‡gB gbyl¨Z¡ weewR©Z KvR K‡i P‡j‡Qb| Avi G †jdvdv`yiw¯@ †_‡KB kv‡n`
Kwig K‡ivbvi g‡Zv gnvgvix e¨ax wb‡qI e¨emv K‡i‡Qb| gvby‡li Rxeb wb‡q wQwbwgwb †L‡j‡Qb| Zvi dj¯^iƒc Zv‡K Kvivevm Ki‡Z
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Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki kv‡n` Kwi‡gi Kg©KvÊ gbyl¨Z¡nxb| †hUv wk¶vi cÖ‡qvR‡bi w`K‡K AwaK Myi“Z¡ †`evi Kvi‡Y m„ó|
k ÔDÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g w`‡Ki K_v Abyhvqx hw` Zvi Kg©KvÊ cwiPvwjZ n‡Zv Z‡e Zvi Rxe‡b †mvbv dj‡Zv|ÕÑ Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi
Av‡jv‡K gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
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Ki‡Zb| ev¯@weK A‡_© †mMy‡jv wQj †jvK †`Lv‡bv gvby‡li Av¯’v AR©‡bi Rb¨ †jdvdv`yiw¯@i AvkÖq †bqv| g–jZ kv‡n` Kwig
†jdvdv`yiw¯@ Avi wk¶v‡K GK K‡i †d‡j‡Qb| wZwb fz‡jB †M‡Qb, wk¶vi Avmj KvR Ávb cwi‡ekb bq g–j¨‡eva m„wó|
kv‡n` Kwi‡gi g‡Zv †jv‡Kiv gvbe‡mex bq, e¨emvqx| ZvB‡Zv Gi ciB me‡_‡K e‡ov g–j¨‡evanxb KvR wZwb K‡i †d‡jb| †Kej
gybvdvi Avkvq K‡ivbvi g‡Zv gnvgvix wb‡q G‡Zv e‡ov cÖZviYv mwZ¨B we¯§qKi| †hUv Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K|
cÖe‡Ü GKw`‡K Abœe‡¯¿i wPš@vi †ewo D‡š§vPb, Aciw`‡K gbyl¨‡Z¡i AvnŸvb, `y‡Uv‡KB Myi“Z¡ †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| ejv n‡q‡Q `y‡Uv GKmv‡_
bv Pj‡j, †ewogy³ n‡qI gvbyl Ic‡i hvIqvi ZvwM` Abyfe Ki‡e bv, A_ev gbyl¨‡Z¡i AvnŸvb m‡Ë¡I Ic‡i hvIqvi ¯^vaxbZvi
Afve‡eva Ki‡e| wVK †ZgbB N‡U‡Q DÏxc‡K kv‡n` Kwi‡gi †¶‡Î| wZwb AvÍwbqš¿Y fz‡j, wk¶vi cÖK…Z D‡Ïk¨ fz‡j wk¶vi
cÖ‡qvR‡bi w`KUv‡K AwaK cÖvavb¨ w`‡q †d‡j‡Qb| †mBmv‡_ bvbv ai‡bi kVZv I AcK‡g© Rwo‡q †d‡jb| cwiYv‡g wZwb K‡Vvi kvw¯@i
gy‡LvgyLx nb| AvRI Kviv Af¨š@‡i w`bvwZcvZ K‡i‡Qb wZwb|
ZvB ejvB evûj¨ kv‡n` Kwig hw` AvÍwbqš¿Y cÖwZôv Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb, gbyl¨‡Z¡i jvjb-cvjb Ki‡Z wkL‡Zb Z‡e Avi Zvi G cwiYwZ
n‡Zv bv|
Dˇii g–jK_v : wk¶vi Av`k© I gnZ¡‡K †jvK‡`Lv‡bv m¤§‡` cwiYZ bv K‡i Zv ü`‡q aiY Kiv DwPZ|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  83

cÖkœ  03 A_©‰bwZK g›`vi Kvi‡Y Pv‡gjwi ¯^vgx iZ‡biI PvKwi P‡j hvq| msmv‡ii nvj ai‡Z Pv‡gjx kn‡ii e‡ov e¨emvqx K…òv
gÛ‡ji Kvc‡oi †`vKv‡b wecYb Kg©x wn‡m‡e KvR †bq| gv‡S gv‡S K…òv gÛ‡ji `yB mš@vb‡K `vwq‡Z¡i m‡½ ¯‹zj †_‡K Avbv-†bIqv
K‡i| Pv‡gjxi KvR-K‡g© K…òv gÛj fxlY Lywk nq| Pv‡gjxi gvwmK †eZb wØMyY e„w× K‡i †`b| G‡Z Pv‡gjx fxlY Lywk nq|
K. ggZvw`i `y‡PvL mRj n‡q DVjцKb? 1
L. Ôfrm©bv bq Av‡e`bÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki K…òv gÛj ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi m‡½ mv`„k¨c–Y© Zv eY©bv K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Pv‡gjx ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw` Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i wK? Dˇii mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
3bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h K…ZÁZvq ggZvw`i †PvL mRj n‡q DVj|
i †ewk im‡MvjÐv †L‡j AmyL Ki‡Z cv‡i †f‡e Avi bv LvIqvi Av‡e`b cÖm‡½ K_vwU G‡mwQj|
ggZvw` GK Amnvq gvbweK gvbyl| msmv‡ii cÖ‡qvR‡b KvR Ki‡jI Zvi †fZiUv wQj gvqv-ggZv I ¯^”QZvq cwic–Y©| wb‡Ri msmv‡ii
g‡Zv G msmv‡ii fv‡jv-g›` †`LvI Zvi `vwqZ¡ e‡j a‡i wb‡qwQ‡jv| ZvB‡Zv evwoi †Qv‡Uv †Q‡jUv hLb jywK‡q A‡bKMy‡jv im‡MvjÐv
†L‡q †d‡jwQj, ZLb †øncÖeY ggZvw`i ü`q GK ARvbv AvKv¼vq †Ku‡c D‡VwQj| wZwb †LvKv‡K G LvIqv †_‡K wbe„Z K‡ib| Z‡e
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gv‡qi †øn-kvmb‡KI D‡c¶v Kivi g‡Zv|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ggZvw`i AvPi‡Y GK we‡kl gy»Zv Qwo‡q †h‡Zv| †hUv †LvKv‡KI gy» Ki‡Zv|
j DÏxc‡Ki K…òv gÊj ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi gv (†LvKvi gv) Pwi‡Îi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c–Y©|
ÔggZvw`Õ MíwU gvbweK AvPi‡Yi w`K‡K cÖvavb¨ †c‡q M‡o D‡V‡Q| GLv‡b msmvi hš¿Yvq c‡o AeMyÉb gy³ n‡q RxweKvi mÜv‡b †ei
nIqv GK bvixi Kvwnwb ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Kvh©cwi‡e‡k †m †hfv‡e wb‡R‡K Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Q cÖwZ`v‡b †m Zv‡ZvwaK †c‡q Z…ß n‡q‡Q|
cÖ_g w`b Kv‡Ri mÜv‡b †ei n‡q ggZvw` †LvKvi gv‡qi gy‡LvgywL nq| Zvi mvi‡j¨ gy» †LvKvi gv Zv‡K Avcb K‡i †bq| Avkvi AwaK
gvB‡b w`‡q Zv‡K KvR †`q| mv‡_ †`q AwaKvi, †øn-fv‡jvevmv| G mwZ¨B g‡bvgy»Ki| GKRb M„nKg©x Zvi M„nKZ…©i Kv‡Q G‡ZvUv
MÖnY‡hvM¨ I gh©v`vc–Y© Avmb †c‡q‡Q GgbwU mwZ¨B weij| Avi G welqwU †jL‡Ki g‡bv‡hv‡Mi †K›`ªwe›`y n‡q D‡V‡Q| †h Rb¨ Amnvq
ggZvw`i cv‡k cvq ¯‹zj co~qv †Q‡jwUmn †MvUv cwievi‡K|
Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB DÏxc‡KI GgbB ai‡bi GK mngwg©Zv ev gnvbyfeZvi cwiPq dz‡U D‡V‡Q| DÏxc‡K K…òv gʇji Kvc‡oi
†`vKv‡bi wecYb Kgx© Pv‡gjx Zvi wb‡Ri AvPiY w`‡q K…òv gÛ‡ji ü`q Rq K‡i‡Q| Avi †mUv kyay †`vKv‡bi wecYb Kgx© wn‡m‡eB bq,
evmvi Af¨š@‡iI Zvi Aeva wePiY cÖgvY K‡i Pv‡gjx GKRb wek¦¯@ I wbf©i‡hvM¨ PwiÎ| hvi Kv‡Q wb‡Ri m¤•wËB bq c„w_exi †kÖô
m¤•` mš@vbI wbivc`| ZvB †Zv cÖwZ`vb¯^iƒc Pv‡gjxi †eZb wØMyY e„w× K‡i †`b| †hUv M‡íi gv‡qi Pwi‡ÎI Avgiv j¶ Kwi| †mLv‡b
ggZvw`i Avkvi AwZwi³ †eZb wba©viY K‡iwQ‡jb ggZvw`i Rb¨| ZvB ejv hvq M‡íi †LvKvi gv I DÏxc‡Ki K…òv gÊj PwiÎØq
mv`„k¨c–Y©|
Dˇii g–jK_v : gvbeZv I †øn-fv‡jvevmvi Hk¦‡h© cwic–Y© DÏxc‡Ki K…òv gÊj I ggZvw` M‡íi †LvKvi gv PwiÎwU|
k DÏxc‡Ki Pv‡gjx ggZvw` M‡íi ggZvw`‡K cwic–Y© bv n‡jI A‡bKUvB cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|
ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw` ¯^vgx mš@vb wb‡q Lye Amnvq Rxeb-hvcb KiwQj| ggZvw`i ¯^vgxi Pvi gvm PvKwi wQj bv| msmvi Pvjv‡Z
ggZvw` ZvB A‡b¨i evwo ivbœvi KvR LuyR‡Z †ei nb| †jvK-j¾vi fq †V‡j ggZvw` msmv‡ii cÖ‡qvR‡b cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv DcvR©‡bi Rb¨
A‡b¨i Øvi¯’ nb| wb‡Ri ¯^fve ˆewkó¨ w`‡q ggZvw` cÖ_‡gB M„nKZ…©i Av¯’v AR©b Ki‡Z mg_© nb| Gici evwoi †Qv‡Uv †Q‡jwUI
ggZvw`i Lye Avcb n‡q hvq| Aek¨ ggZvw`i M„nKZ…© ev †LvKvi gvi D`viZvq Av‡MB Avkvbyiƒc †eZb wba©viY n‡qwQj| †mUv hZUv bv
cwikÖwgK Zvi †_‡KI †ewk gvbweKZv ev gbyl¨‡Z¡i cwiPq enb K‡i|
Ab¨w`‡K DÏxc‡Ki Pv‡gjx‡KI Avgiv Rxeb-msMÖvg Ki‡Z †`wL| ¯^vgxi PvKwi P‡j hvq A_©‰bwZK g›`vi Kvi‡Y| Pv‡gjx wecYb Kgx©
wn‡m‡e KvR †bq kn‡ii e‡ov e¨emvqx K…òv gʇji Kvc‡oi †`vKv‡b| Aí w`‡bB wb‡Ri Kg©`¶Zv I ¯^”QZv w`‡q Pv‡gjx K…òvgÛ‡ji
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c‡o Pv‡gjxi Dci| †m cix¶vqI Pv‡gjx fv‡jvfv‡e DZ‡i †M‡j, Pv‡gjx‡K Avi †cQb wd‡i ZvKv‡Z nqwb| e¨emvqx K…òv gÊj
Pv‡gjxi KvR-K‡g© Lykx n‡q Zvi gvwmK †eZb wØMyY K‡i †`b| G‡Z Pv‡gjxI fxlY Lywk nq| GLv‡b ggZvw` I DÏxc‡Ki Pv‡gjxi
mv‡_ †ek wgj j¶ Kiv hvq| Z‡e ggZvw`i †øn-Ki“Yv I fv‡jvevmvi GK Amxg kw³ wQj| wb‡Ri †fZ‡i Avcb e¨_v-†e`bv jywK‡q
Ab¨‡K Lywk Kivi †h †cÖiYv ggZvw`i wQ‡jv, Zv Pv‡gjx Pwi‡Îi g‡a¨ Abycw¯’Z| ZvQvov kvixwiK I gvbwmK wbh©vZ‡bi †h Avfvm
ggZvw` M‡íi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Zv DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq bv|
ZvB me wgwj‡q ej‡j, DÏxc‡Ki Pv‡gjx ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw`i A‡bKUvB cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i, Z‡e me©vs‡k bq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Pv‡gjx ggZvw` M‡íi ggZvw`i cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡jI, †Kv‡bvfv‡eB ggZvw`‡K AwZµg Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  84

cÖkœ  04 ÔZzwg eÜy Kvjv cvwL

Avwg †hb Kx?
emš@ Kv‡j †Zvgvq ej‡Z cvwiwb|Õ
nvU-evRv‡i G iKg Mvb †M‡q gvby‡li gb AvKl©Y KiZ eB we‡µZv nKvi †m‡K›`vi Avwj| eB wewµi cvkvcvwk MÖvg A‡j †jvKgy‡L
cÖPwjZ †jvK-Kvwnwb, gyw³‡hv×v‡`i weRqMuv_v BZ¨vw` msMÖn K‡i Zv dg©vKv‡i †Q‡c wewµ Ki‡Zv| GK mgq Zvi †ePv-wewµ fv‡jv
n‡jI B`vbxs Zvi eB Avi †Zgb †KD †K‡b bv| †m‡K›`viI g‡bi `yt‡L †ckv cwieZ©b K‡i‡Q|
K. Ô†`Iqvbv-gw`bvÕ †jvKMv_vi cÖL¨vZ Kwe †K? 1
L. †jv‡K Qov fz‡j hv‡”Q †Kb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Mv‡bi AskwU ÔcwjÐmvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`K‡K wb‡`©k K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki †m‡K›`vi Avwji Kg©KvÊMy‡jv hw` msi¶Y Kiv †hZ Zvn‡j ÔcwjÐmvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Üi cÖvew܇Ki cÖZ¨vkvc–Y© n‡Zv|Ó
Dˇii mc‡¶ †Zvgvi hyw³ `vI| 4
4bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h Ô†`Iqvbv-gw`bvÕ †jvK Mv_vi cÖL¨vZ Kwe gbmyi eqvwZ|
i Qov GKmgq mim cÖv‡Yi Rxeš@ Drm n‡jI AvR †m ¯’v‡b kû‡i ev bvMwiK mvwnZ¨ Xz‡K covq †jv‡K Qov fz‡j hv‡”Q|
AvR‡Ki c„w_ex A‡bK MwZkxj| Z_¨cÖhyw³i Aeva cÖev‡n c„w_ex n‡q D‡V‡Q †Qv‡Uv| †Zgwb K‡i Avgv‡`i MÖvg I kn‡i Rxe‡bi cv_©K¨
I K‡g Avm‡Q| gvbyl kn‡i Rxe‡bi PvKwP‡K¨ MÖvgxY AZxZ HwZn¨ I ms¯‹…wZ‡K Zz‡j kni ev bvMwiK mvwnZ¨ Avevi KL‡bv we‡`kx
ms¯‹…wZ‡K iß Ki‡Q| ZvQvov GMy‡jv MÖwš’Z bv nevi Kvi‡Y cÖRš§ †_‡K cÖR‡š§ jvwjZ-cvwjZ n‡”Q bv| GKUv mgq Zv G‡Kev‡i
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Av‡Mi g‡Zv myL bv _vKvq gvbyl AvR mim cÖv‡Yi Rxeš@ Drm †_‡K ewÂZ n‡”Q ev cwiw¯’wZi Ki‡Y n‡Z n‡”Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Avgv‡`i ms¯‹…wZ, BwZnvm, HwZn¨ msi¶‡Y hw` Avgiv GwM‡q bv Avwm Zvn‡j Zv GKmgq wejyß n‡e|
j DÏxc‡Ki Mv‡bi AskwU cwjÐMÖv‡gi cÖvYm¤•`| †Kv‡bv GK MÖvg¨ Kwei KíbvwgwkÖZ Av‡e‡Mi ewntcÖKvk gvÎ, hv cwjÐmvwnZ¨ cÖe‡Üi
e³e¨ welq‡K Bw½Z K‡i|
Avgv‡`i cwjÐevsjvi ci‡Z ci‡Z Qwo‡q wQwU‡q Av‡Q bvbvgyLx mvwnZ¨ Dcv`vb| GMy‡jv Avgv‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Rxeb‡K bvbvfv‡e cÖfvweZ
K‡i| MÖv‡gi cÖK…wZ‡Z cvwL‡`i Wvbv-Svc‡U Qy‡U Pjv, Avi Zv‡`i †KvjvnjgyLi MyÄb mwZ¨B g‡bvgy»Ki| Gme †`‡L MÖvgxY cÖK…wZi
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Gm‡ei g‡a¨ Wze w`‡Zv| MÖv‡gi ey‡ov eywoi gy‡L wewfbœ iƒcK_vi Mí, ivLv‡ji wcVv Mv‡Qi Mí, Avie¨ Dcb¨v‡mi Mímn iv¶mcyixi
Nygš@ ivRKb¨vi Mí ky‡b †e‡o IVv GKUv cÖRš§ hLb Av‡iK cÖR‡š§i Kv‡Q GMy‡jv †kvbvq ZLb Zv Avgv‡`i AZxZ HwZ‡n¨i mv¶¨
enb K‡i| Z‡e Avgv‡`i G HwZn¨ ax‡i ax‡i †jvc †c‡q Avgv‡`i AZxZ Rxe‡bi mv‡_ eZ©gv‡bi GKUv `–iZ¡ ˆZwi K‡i wb‡q‡Q| gvbyl
kû‡i Rxe‡bi PvKwP‡K¨ Gme †_‡K wb‡R‡K `–‡i †V‡j w`‡”Q| ZvQvov cwjÐi Gme cÖvY-m¤•‡`i cÖvPzh© K‡g hv‡”Q| Av‡Mi †mB MÖvgxY
myL-¯^v”Q›` Avi bv _vKvq gvbyl cwjÐi G cÖvY-m¤•` †_‡K gyL wdwi‡q wb‡”Q| g–jZ we¯@„Z cÖvq cwjÐmvwn‡Z¨i GKwU w`K DÏxc‡K ewY©Z
n‡q‡Q| †hUv cwjÐmvwnZ¨ cÖe‡ÜI Bw½Zc–Y© n‡q cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki MvbwU cwjÐi cÖvY-m¤•`| †h Bw½Z cwjÐmvwnZ¨ cÖe‡ÜI Kiv n‡q‡Q|
k DÏxc‡Ki †m‡K›`vi Avjx cÖvew܇Ki g‡bvfvebvi GK Rxeš@ cÖwZK…wZ| cÖvewÜK g–jZ †m‡K›`vi Avjx‡`i g‡Zv gvby‡li cÖqvm‡K
msi¶Y Kivi cÖZ¨vkv e¨³ K‡i‡Qb|
cwjÐi Avbv‡P-Kvbv‡P i‡q‡Q mvwn‡Z¨i bvbv Dcv`vb| Avi Gme mvwnZ¨ jvwjZ-cvwjZ nq MÖvg-evsjvi †m‡K›`vi Avjx‡`i g‡Zv
gvbyl‡`i gva¨‡g| Zviv hw` h_v_© my‡hvM-myweav †c‡Zv ev Zv‡`i kÖ‡gi g–j¨ †c‡Zv Z‡e MÖvg-evsjvi G cÖvY-m¤•` Avgv‡`i †`kxq
mvwnZ¨‡K mg„× Ki‡Zv, GgbwK †mUv wek¦mvwn‡Z¨iI Ask n‡q DV‡Z cvi‡Zv| we‡kl K‡i cÖK…wZi g‡a¨ Qwo‡q _vKv Abyl½My‡jv
Avgv‡`i fveyK ü`q‡K Av‡›`vwjZ K‡i bZzb m„wó Dš§v`bvq gvbyl‡K RvMÖZ K‡i| †hUv †Kej wbg©j cÖK…wZi gv‡S †e‡o IVv gvbylB
ü`qv½g K‡i| Avi †ZgbB GKRb DÏxc‡Ki †m‡K›`vi Avwj|
DÏxc‡Ki †m‡K›`vi Avwjiv h_v_© gh©v`v †c‡j, Zv‡`i fve-m¤•`‡K msi¶‡Yi e¨e¯’v Ki‡j cÖvew܇Ki cÖZ¨vkv c–Y© n‡Zv| Avgiv
Avgv‡`i cwjÐmvwnZ¨‡K Av‡iv mg„× K‡i Zzj‡Z cviZvg| Gme mvwnZ¨-m¤•‡`i cÖvPz‡h© AvÍe‡j ejxqvb n‡q m„wó n‡Z cvi‡Zv Av‡iv
mg„× †Kv‡bv mvwnZ¨ †hUv Avgv‡`i cwjÐmvwn‡Z¨i cvjÐv fvix Ki‡Zv| ZvB‡Zv cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³wUi mv‡_ cwic–Y© mg_©b e¨³ K‡i ej‡Z PvB
GMy‡jv msi¶‡Yi Myi“Z¡ Acwimxg|
AvR‡Ki w`‡b mvgvb¨ †h mvwnZ¨-m¤•` Avgv‡`i msi¶‡Y Av‡Q Zv Av‡iv e‡ov cwim‡i Qwo‡q w`‡Z cvi‡j AvgivB mg„× nZvg|
myZivs ¶z`ª cwim‡i n‡jI Avevi Avgv‡`i‡K Gme msi¶‡Y GwM‡q Avm‡Z n‡e|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki †m‡K›`vi AvjxivB Avgv‡`i cwjÐmvwn‡Z¨i cÖvY| Zv‡`i iwPZ mvwnZ¨ msi¶Y gv‡b cÖvew܇Ki cÖZ¨vkv‡K c–Y©Zv `vb Kiv|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  85

cÖkœ  05 DÏxcK-1 :
ab avb¨ cy®•fiv Avgv‡`i GB emyÜiv
Zvnvi gv‡S Av‡Q †`k GK mKj †`‡ki †miv
I †m ¯^cœ w`‡q ˆZwi †m †`k ¯§„wZ w`‡q †Niv|
DÏxcK-2 :
Ônv‡U gv‡V ev‡U GB g‡Zv Kv‡U eQi c‡b‡iv-†lv‡jv
GKw`b †k‡l wdwiev‡i †`‡k e‡ovB evmbv n‡jv|
AevwiZ gvV, MMb jjvU Pz‡g Ze c`a–wjÑ
Qvqv mywbweo kvwš@i bxo †Qv‡Uv †Qv‡Uv MÖvgMywj|Õ
K. m‡bU-Gi evsjv cÖwZkã Kx? 1
L. Ô`y»-†mªv‡Zvi–cx Zzwg Rš§f‚wg-¯@‡bÕÑej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxcK-2-G ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi †h w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv eY©bv K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcK-1 ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi g–jfv‡ei bvgvš@i|ÓÑgš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv wbi–cY K‡iv| 4
5bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h m‡bU Gi evsjv cÖwZkã PZz`©kc`x KweZv|
i Kwei Kv‡Q Rb¥f‚wg gv‡qi g‡Zv e‡j K‡cvZv¶ b`‡K wZwb Ô`y»-†mªv‡ZviƒcxÕ e‡j‡Qb|
K‡cvZv¶ Kwei ¯§„wZweRwoZ GKwU b`| gv †hgb Zvi mš@vb‡K wbweo ggZvq ey‡Ki `ya cvb Kwi‡q euvwP‡q iv‡Lb, †Zgwb K‡cvZv‡¶i
Rj evsjvi Rbc‡`i gv‡S cÖvYmÂvi K‡i| ZvB Kwe K‡cvZv¶ b‡`i Rj‡K Ô`y»-†mªv‡ZviƒcxÕ wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Kwei Kv‡Q Rb¥f‚wg gv‡qi g‡Zv e‡j K‡cvZv¶ b`‡K wZwb Ô`y»-†mªv‡ZviƒcxÕ e‡j‡Qb|
j DÏxcK-2G ¯§„wZKvZiZv cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q, hv ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi Ab¨Zg cÖavb welq|
ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi Kwe gvB‡Kj gaym–`b `Ë cÖev‡m e‡m ¯^‡`‡ki Z_v wbR MÖv‡gi cÖwZ Mfxi AvKl©Y Abyfe K‡ib|
¯§„wZKvZivZvq we‡fvi Kwe A‡bKUv †e`bvZ© n‡q c‡ob ˆkk‡ei bvbv ¯§„wZ weRwoZ ¯’vb‡K g‡b K‡i| cig h‡Zœ jvwjZ-cvwjZ n‡q
†h †øn”Qvqvq wZwb †e‡o D‡V‡Qb AvR Zv †_‡K A‡bK `–‡i| †h Bs‡iwR mvwnZ¨. †h we‡`kx ms¯‹…wZ Zv‡K G‡Zv †ewk Uvb‡Zv AvR me
Zz”Q g‡b n‡”Q Kwei| AvR ˆkk‡ei ¯§„wZweRwoZ †mB ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ Gi Kv‡Q evwK me Zz”Q| wZwb K‡cvZv‡¶i kxZj R‡j AeMnb
K‡i cÖvY Ryov‡Z Pvb| b`xi †mB KjKj aŸwb AvR Kwe‡K gš¿gy‡»i g‡Zv Avweó K‡i †i‡L‡Q| wZwb †mB ¯§„wZi †`‡k wd‡i Avmvi
Rb¨ e¨Kzj n‡q Av‡Qb|
g–jZ DÏxcK-2 I ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq ¯§„wZKvZiZvi welqwU cÖvavb¨ †c‡q‡Q| †h w`K wePv‡i DÏxcK-2 I ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvwU
m¤•K©hy³|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ˆKk‡ii ¯§„wZi †`‡k nviv‡bvi welqwU DÏwcK-2 I KweZvq cÖvavb¨ †c‡q‡Q|
k DÏxcK-1G myMfxi †`k‡cÖ‡gi RqMvb aŸwb n‡q‡Q| Avi ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi g–j e³e¨I †mwUB|
ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq ˆkk‡ei ¯§„wZKvZiZvi Avov‡j ¯^‡`k‡cÖ‡gi ewntcÖKvk N‡U‡Q| G b`‡K †K›`ª K‡i Kwei ˆkke AwZevwnZ
n‡q‡Q| g–jZ cÖevm Rxe‡bi myL-Hk¦h© †Kv‡bvwKQzB ÔK‡cvZv¶ b‡`iÕ g‡Zv bq| G b‡`i R‡j †øn-Z…òv †gUv‡bvi cvkvcvwk Zv‡K cig
†øn‡Wv‡i Avcb K‡i †bIqvi †h Abyf‚wZ Zv Kwe cÖev‡m e‡mI fzj‡Z cv‡ibwb| ¯§„wZKvZiZvq evievi wd‡i G‡m‡Qb GB K‡cvZv‡¶i
Zx‡i| cÖwZwbqZ Z…òvZ© n‡q Lu‡y R wd‡i‡Qb K‡cvZv¶ b`‡K|
DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g ¯@e‡KI †Zgwb ¯^‡`k‡cÖ‡gi cÖKvk N‡U‡Q| †hLv‡b wbR †`k‡K Mfxifv‡e Abyfe Kiv n‡q‡Q| †h‡bv †m †`k mKj
†`‡ki †miv| A‡bK ¯§„wZ I ¯^‡cœi †m †`k abm¤•‡` cwic–Y©| cy®•fiv †m †`‡ki †mŠ›`h© Zv‡K c„w_exi †miv †`k AvL¨v w`‡q‡Q| ZvB‡Zv
†m †`‡ki cÖwZ G‡Zv Mfxi ggZ¡| evievi †m †`‡kiB cÖkvwš@Mv‡b gyLwiZ cÖvY| GUv g–jZ †`k‡cÖg‡ev‡aiB Ask| hvi cÖKvk Avgiv
ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq †`L‡Z cvB|
ZvB GK_v m‡›`nvZxZfv‡e cÖgvwYZ †h, DÏxcK-1Gi e³e¨ ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi g–jfv‡ei bvgvš@i|
Dˇii g–jK_v : g–jZ DÏxcK-1 I ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq †`k‡cÖg‡ev‡ai RqMv‡bi cvkvcvwk ¯§„wZKvZiZv cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
cÖkœ  06 gv`vi †Z‡imv mviv Rxeb a‡i gvby‡li †mev K‡i †M‡Qb| wZwb ¯^cœ †`L‡Zb Kxfv‡e `yLx I `y¯’ gvby‡li †mev Kiv hvq|
gvbyl‡K KvQ †_‡K †mev †`Iqvi Rb¨ wZwb mbœ¨vmeªZ MÖnY K‡ib| nZ`wi`ª I Mwie gvby‡li Rb¨ wbg©vY K‡ib Ôwbg©j ü`qÕ| GLv‡b
wZwb RvwZ-ag©-eY© wbwe©‡k‡l mKj gvbyl‡K †mev cÖ`vb Ki‡Zb| mviv Rxe‡bi AwR©Z DcvR©b gvby‡li †mevq DrmM© K‡i‡Qb|
K. Kvi Mv‡q AvRvwii wPý? 1
L. ÔA‡f` ag© RvwZÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki gv`vi †Z‡imvi Kg©KvÊ, ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi †gvjÐv-cy‡ivwnZ‡`i Kg©Kv‡Êi †h cv_©K¨ we`¨gvb Zv eY©bv K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ Av`k© ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi Av`k©‡K mgvš@ivj fvev hvq wK? †Zvgvi gZvg‡Zi mc‡¶ hyw³ cÖ`vb K‡iv| 4
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  86

6bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb

h gymvwd‡ii Mv‡q AvRvwii wPý|
i gvby‡li me‡P‡q e‡ov cwiPq gvbyl m„wói †miv Rxe| mKj RvwZ-a‡g©i E‡aŸ© GUv mZ¨ †h, wZwb gvbyl|
ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq Kwe KvRx bRi“j Bmjvg gbyl¨ ag©‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡q‡Qb ev gbyl¨Z¡‡K RvMÖZ Kivi Bw½Z w`‡q‡Qb| †mLv‡b gvbyl‡K
mKj RvwZ-a‡g©i evB‡i wM‡q gvbyl‡K gbyl¨ Áv‡b ev gvby‡li ÁvwZ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb| GLv‡b RvZ-cv‡Zi †f`v‡f`‡K Zz”Q K‡i
†`‡L‡Qb| Avi †m cÖm‡½B Kwe ÔA‡f` ag©RvwZÕ K_vwU e¨³ K‡i‡Qb|
Dˇii g–jK_v : †f`v‡f`nxb gvbeRvwZ cÖm‡½ Kwe A‡f` ag©-RvwZ cÖm½wU G‡b‡Qb|
j DÏxc‡Ki gv`vi †Z‡imvi a¨vb-Ávb cÖK…Z A‡_© gvby‡mi †mev Kiv| Avi gvbyl KweZvq †gvjÐv-cy‡ivwnZiv a‡g©i bv‡g gvbyl‡K
D‡c¶v ev AeÁv K‡i‡Qb|
gv`vi †Z‡imv n‡”Qb kvwš@i `–Z| †bv‡ej kvwš@ weRqx (1979) G gvbylwUi eªZB wQj `ytLx I `y¯’ gvbyl‡`i †mev Kiv| GRb¨ wZwb
mbœ¨vmeªZ MÖnY K‡ib| wbR †`k Z¨vM K‡i †`kvš@ix n‡q‡Qb| wcZv-gvZvi wPiwe`v‡qi w`bwU‡ZI wZwb Zv‡`i Kv‡Q hvbwb| †mB
†kvKvZ© w`‡bI wZwb gvby‡li †mev-h‡Zœi gv‡S wb‡R‡K Wzwe‡q iv‡Lb| cÖwZôv K‡ib wbg©j-ü`q| RvwZ-ag©-eY© wbwe©‡k‡l wZwb gvbyl‡K
†mev Ki‡Zb| †Kv‡bv RvwZ‡f` cÖ_vq Ave× bv n‡q mKj‡K gbyl¨ Áv‡b †mev K‡i‡Qb Avg„Zz¨| GgbwK wb‡Ri Rxe‡bi mg¯@ AR©bI
wZwb w`‡q †M‡Qb gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Y|
c¶vš@‡i ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq Zvi wVK D‡ëvwPÎ Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB| a‡g©i bv‡g GLv‡b †`Lv hvq gbyl¨cÖv‡Yi Aegvbbv| gw›`‡ii cy‡ivwnZ
Avi gmwR‡`i †gvjÐv DfqB a‡g©i cÖK…Z A_© fz‡j †jvK-†jŠwKKZvi AvkÖq K‡i gvbyl‡K Zz”Q K‡i `–i `–i K‡i Zvwo‡q w`‡q‡Qb| Zviv
fz‡j wM‡q‡Qb †h mKj gvbylB GKB mªóv ev AvjÐvni m„wó| Zv‡`iI ¶zav cvq, Zviv `yt‡L Kuv‡` Avi Avb‡›` †n‡m I‡V| Avi G gvby‡li
nvwm-Avb‡›` mªóvI †n‡m I‡Vb| †gvjÐv-cy‡ivwn‡Zi g‡a¨ G †eva`q GKeviI cwijw¶Z nq bv| Zviv ¶zav‡Z©i Abœ †K‡o wb‡Ri D`i
c–wZ© Kiv‡KB ag© g‡b K‡i| Av`‡Z hv Pig Aa‡g©i ch©v‡q c‡o| c¶vš@‡i DÏxc‡Ki gv`vi †Z‡imvi g‡a¨ Avgiv wfbœiƒc †`L‡Z cvB|
†h‡bv gvbe‡mevB gv`vi †Z‡imvi GKgvÎ a¨vb-Ávb| GUvB Zvi cig ag©|
Dˇii g–jK_v : gv`vi †Z‡imv gvbyl Z_v gvbeZvi †mev K‡i‡Qb| Ab¨w`‡K ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi †gvjÐv-cy‡ivwnZiv gvbyl‡K Pigfv‡e Aegvbbv K‡i‡Qb|
k DÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ Av`k©‡K ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi Av`‡k©i mgvš@ivj fvev hvq e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi|
ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq gvbyl‡K Kwe e‡ov K‡i †`‡L‡Qb| mKj RvwZ-ag©-e‡Y©i E‡aŸ© wM‡q wZwb gvbyl‡K ¯’vb w`‡q‡Qb| gvbyl cwiPq w`‡qB
Kwe cÖvavb¨ w`‡q‡Qb|
DÏxc‡Ki gv`vi †Z‡imvI †ZgbB GKRb| whwb gvbyl‡K cig ggZvq ü`‡qi me fv‡jvevmv DRvo K‡i w`‡q fv‡jvevm‡Qb, †mev
K‡i‡Qb| †mLv‡b Amnvq, `wi`ª, RvwZ-ag©-eY© wbwe©‡k‡l wZwb gvbyl‡K †mev K‡i‡Qb, fv‡jv‡e‡m‡Qb| gvbyl‡K †mev Kivi Rb¨ wZwb
wb‡Ri myL-¯^v”Q›` wemR©b w`‡q mbœ¨vmeªZ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| wewfbœ †mevg–jK Kv‡Ri cvkvcvwk nZ`wi`ª I Mwie gvby‡li Rb¨ cÖwZôv K‡ib
wbg©j ü`q| GKK_vq gv`vi †Z‡imvi mgMÖ Rxeb Ry‡o wQj gvbe‡mev| GUvB Zvi Rxe‡bi GKgvÎ eªZ|
Ab¨w`‡K ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq Kwe †mB gvbeZv Z_v gbyl¨Z¡‡K RvMÖZ Kivi cÖqv‡m gvbyl‡K me©v‡MÖ ¯’vb w`‡q‡Qb| gvbyl GLv‡b me©v‡c¶v
Myi“Z¡ †c‡q‡Q| RvZ-cv‡Zi ¯’vb fz‡j gvby‡li RqMvb Kiv n‡q‡Q| ¶zavZ©‡K Abœ`vb Kiv‡K cig ag©Ávb Kiv n‡q‡Q| gw›`i-gmwR‡`i
cÖ_v a‡g©i evB‡i wM‡q GLv‡b gbyl¨ ag©‡K AwaKZi Myi“Z¡ †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| GgbwK cÖ_va‡g©i fÊvwg †iva Kivi Rb¨ GB gvbyl‡KB RvMÖZ
nIqvi AvnŸvb Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q| ZvB DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZdwjZ Av`k© gvbyl kw³i Av`‡k©i mgvš@ivj fvev AcÖvmswMK bq; eis cÖvmw½K|
Dˇii g–jK_v : gvbyl Avkivdzj gvLjyKvZ, A_©vr gvbyl m„wói †miv Rxe| gvbyl‡K Aegvbbv Kiv wVK bq|
cÖkœ  07 `„k¨Kí-1 :
Ô`vD `vD cy‡o hv‡”Q bZzb evRvi|
cyo‡Q †`vKvb-cvU, KvV,
†jvnv-j°‡ii ¯@–c, gmwR` Ges gw›`i|
`vD `vD cy‡o hv‡”Q bZzb evRvi|
welg cyo‡Q PZzw`©‡K Ni-evwo|Õ
`„k¨Kí-2 :
¯^vaxbZv Zzwg
gRyi hyevi †iv‡` SjwmZ `¶ evûi MÖwš’j †cwk|
¯^vaxbZv Zzwg
AÜKv‡ii Luv Luv mxgv‡š@ gyw³‡mbvi †Pv‡Li wSwjK|
K. AeyS wkky †Kv_vq nvgvMywo †`q? 1
L. Ôkn‡ii ey‡K RjcvB i‡Oi U¨v¼ G‡jvÕ †Kb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. `„k¨Kí-1-Gi mv‡_ Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvi †Kvb †Kvb w`‡Ki wgj i‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Ò`„k¨Kí-2-Gi fve Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi Rb¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvi mgMÖ fve‡K aviY K‡iwbÓÑ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  87

7bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb

h AeyS wkky wcZv-gvZvi jv‡ki Dci nvgvMywo †`q|
i gyw³hy‡×i mgq evOvwji ¯^vaxbZvi ¯^cœ‡K aŸsm Kivi Rb¨ kn‡ii ey‡K cvKevwnbxi RjcvB i‡Oi U¨v¼ G‡jv|
U¨v¼ AvaywbK kw³kvjx hy×v¯¿| GwU A‡bK e‡ov I kw³kvjx| wekvj AvKv‡ii Kvgvb wb‡q GwU †h‡Kv‡bv RvqMvq Abvqv‡m †h‡Z
cv‡i| U¨vs‡Ki Kvgvb GZB kw³kvjx †h, gyn–‡Z©i g‡a¨ GwU e‡ov e‡ov ¯’vcbv‡K aŸsm¯@–‡c cwiYZ K‡i †`q| cvwK¯@vwb
†mbvevwnbx ¯^vaxbZvhy‡×i ïi“‡Z evOvwj‡`i Ici exfrm I fqsKi AvµgY Pvjvq| D‡Ïk¨ evOvwji ¯^vaxbZvi ¯^c œ‡K P–Y©weP–Y© K‡i
†`Iqv| Avi GRb¨B kn‡ii ey‡K RjcvB i‡Oi U¨v¼ G‡jv|
Dˇii g–jK_v : gyw³hy‡×i mgq evOvwji ¯^vaxbZvi ¯^c‡œ K aŸsm Kivi Rb¨ kn‡ii ey‡K cvKevwnbxi RjcvB i‡Oi U¨v¼ G‡jv|
j `„k¨Kí-1Gi mv‡_ Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvq DwjÐwLZ cvwK¯@vwb ˆmb¨‡`i aŸsmvÍK Kg©Kv‡Êi w`KwUi wgj
i‡q‡Q| GwU DÏxcK I KweZvi mv‡_© m¤•K©h³ y |
1971 mv‡ji 25†k gvP© Kvjiv‡Zi fqvenZv c„w_ex‡Z weij| BwZnv‡mi G ee©iZg nZ¨vKvÊ I aŸsmhÁ NwU‡qwQj cvwK¯@vwb kvmK
evwnbx| g–jZ e½eÜyi 7B gv‡P©i HwZnvwmK fvl‡Yi ci exi evOvwj ¯^vaxbZvi g‡š¿ D¾xweZ n‡Z _v‡K| Gici †_‡K cvwK¯@vwb
evwnbx ee©i nvgjvi QK Kl‡Z _v‡K| †hUv kyi“ nq 25†k gv‡P©i Kvjiv‡Z| Gmgq Zviv evOvwj RvwZ‡K †gavk–b¨, m¤•`k–b¨ †mBmv‡_
Rbk–b¨ Kivi gvb‡m wbwe©Pv‡i nZ¨v I AwMœms‡hvM Ki‡Z _v‡K|
KweZvi g‡Zv `„k¨Kí-1G Avgiv Gm‡eiB cÖwZ”Qwe †`L‡Z cvB| GLv‡b ¯^vaxbZv jv‡fi gvb‡m evOvwji †h Z¨vM ev cvwK¯@vwb evwnbxi
†h ee©iZvi wPÎ †`L‡Z cvB, Zv KweZvi mv‡_ wg‡j hvq| Z‡e me©vs‡k bq| Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕÑ KweZvq Kwe kvgmyi
ivngvb cvwK¯@vwb‡`i ee©iZvi Av‡iv fqven wPÎ Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| Zv‡`i GB aŸsmvÍK Kg©Kv‡Êi w`KwU Dc¯’vc‡bi m–‡Î
DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ G KweZvi wgj cwijw¶Z nq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : `„k¨Kí-1G KweZvi R¡vjvI-†cvovI ev AwMœms‡hv‡Mi welqwU wg‡j hvq| Z‡e me©vs‡k bq|
k `„k¨Kí-2 G Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨ †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvi mgMÖfve dz‡U I‡Vwb eis GLv‡b GKwU we‡kl w`K‡K Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|
1971 mv‡ji 7B gvP© e½eÜy ZrKvjxb †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b (eZ©gv‡b †mvnivIqv`©x D`¨vb) GK HwZnvwmK fvlb †`b| hv evOvwji
¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡bi iƒc‡iLv wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ| Gici †_‡K exi evOvwj ¯^vaxbZvi ¯^‡cœ we‡fvi n‡q ey‡Ki ZvRv i³ †X‡j †`Iqvi Rb¨
cÖwZÁve× nq| evsjvi `vgvj †Q‡jiv cÖwZev‡`i LoM nv‡Z wb‡q mviv‡`‡k †Qv‡Uv †Qv‡Uv MÖ“‡c HK¨e× n‡Z _v‡K| cvwK¯@vwb
kvmK‡Mvôx GUv eyS‡Z †c‡i 25†k gv‡P©i Kvjiv‡Z BwZnv‡mi ee©iZg nZ¨vKvÛ NUvq| evOvwj Avi wb‡R‡K mshZ iv‡L bv| Rxeb
evRx †i‡L †h hvi Ae¯’vb †_‡K cÖwZ‡iva msMÖvg M‡o †Zv‡j| G msMÖv‡g bvix-cyi“l, Avevj-e„×-ewYZv mK‡jB m¤•„³ n‡q c‡o| Avi
†m mg‡qi GKwU wPÎ `„k¨Kí-2 G Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| g–jZ †¶Z-Lvgv‡i †L‡U LvIqv hye‡Ki hy×vs‡`nx g‡bvfve I `yM©g cÖvš@‡i bvbv
cÖwZK‚jZvi g‡a¨ gyw³‡hv×v‡`i AvÍZ¨v‡Mi cÖm½wU D‡V G‡m‡Q|
Kwe kvgmyi ivngvb Zvi Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqv R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvq evOvwji mgMÖ AvÍZ¨vM‡K KweZvq Zz‡j aivi cÖqvm †c‡q‡Qb|
†gvUK_v evOvwj ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡bi c‡_ wK wK wemR©b w`‡q AvR‡Ki G jvjmey‡Ri weRq wQwb‡q G‡bwQj ZviB GKwU `„óvš@ G
KweZvwU| Avi G KweZvi LÊvsk cÖwZaŸwbZ n‡q‡Q `„k¨Kí-2G|
ZvB GK_v m‡›`nvZxZfv‡e cÖgvwYZ †h, `„k¨Kí-2 KL‡bv KweZvi mg¯@ fve aviY K‡iwb|
Dˇii g–jK_v : `„k¨Kí-2 KweZvi AvswkK cÖwZdjb, mvgwMÖK cÖwZdjb bq|
cÖkœ  08 1971 mv‡j gyw³hy‡×i mgq A‡bK gvbyl wbivc` AvkÖ‡qi Rb¨ kni †Q‡o MÖv‡g AvkÖq †bq| Avevi A‡b‡K Ni-evwoi gvqv
Z¨vM K‡i Rxeb euvP‡Z fvi‡Z wM‡q wewfbœ kiYv_©x †K‡›`ª AvkÖq MÖnY K‡i| hvÎvc‡_ Gme kiYv_©x‡`i Lvevi I cvwb w`‡q mvnvh¨ K‡i
ivRy bv‡g GK wK‡kvi| Zv‡`i Kv‡Q cvwK¯@vwb‡`i AZ¨vPv‡ii Kvwnwb ky‡b Zvi g‡b cÖwZ‡kva¯•„nv †R‡M I‡V| †m †fZ‡i †fZ‡i
dzum‡Z _v‡K, Avi g‡b g‡b fv‡e hw` †m GKwU cvwK¯@vwb †mbv‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv, Zvn‡j Zvi Mv‡qi R¡vjv wKQyUv Ryov‡Zv|
K. gyw³evwnbxi KgvÛvi †K? 1
L. Ô†Q‡jwU GK Avðh© exi KvKZvo~qvÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki kiYv_©x‡`i m‡½ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Kv‡`i mv`„k¨ j¶ Kiv hvqÑe¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki ivRy ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi h_v_© cÖwZwbwa n‡q DV‡Z †c‡i‡Q wK? †hŠw³K we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
8bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h gyw³evwnbxi KgvÛvi kvnveywÏb|
i gvBb we‡ùvi‡Y evsKviwU weaŸ¯@ nIqvi ci eyav m¤•‡K© kvnveywχbi G Abyf‚wZ R‡b¥|
gyw³evwnbxi KgvÛvi kvnveywχbi †`Iqv gvBbwU wVKVvK g‡ZvB cyu‡ZwQj mvnmx eyav| †mwU we‡ùviY NUvi ci Avb‡›` AvcÐyZ n‡qwQj
kvnveywÏb I eyav| GgbwK IB RwUj cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Zvi Mvb MvB‡Z B‡”Q KiwQj| wKš‘ Mvb MvIqvi gyn–‡Z© eyavi w`‡K ZvwK‡q ¯@ä
n‡q hvq kvnveywÏb| Pviw`‡Ki cwi‡e‡k †Q‡jwU‡K Avðh© exi KvKZvo~qv e‡j g‡b nq kvnveywχbi|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ exiZ¡c–Y© Kg©KvÊ †evSv‡Z cÖ‡kœv³ K_vwU ejv n‡q‡Q|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  88

j DÏxc‡Ki kibv_x©‡`i mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †bvjK eyqv, nwiKvKz, KvwKgv I ivwb‡`i mv`„k¨ j¶¨ Kiv hvq|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨vmwU gyw³hy‡×i mgqKvi †cÖ¶vc‡U iwPZ| hy×Kvjxb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Avgv‡`i MÖvg-evsjvi †h Ae¯’v n‡qwQj ZviB
GKwU my¯•ó wPÎ Avgiv G Dcb¨v‡m †`L‡Z cvB| hy‡× ee©i cvwK¯@vwb evwnbx MÖv‡gi ci MÖvg R¡vwj‡q †`q| wbwe©Pv‡i gvbyl nZ¨v K‡i|
Kvi‡Y AKvi‡Y wbixn gvby‡li Ici Zv‡`i †h ee©iZv, Zv †`‡L mvaviY gvbyl GjvKv †Q‡o †hw`‡K `y‡PvL hvq P‡j †h‡Z _v‡K| †h
†hw`‡K cv‡i wbivc` AvkÖ‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ MÖvg Qvo‡Z _v‡K| G‡`i g‡a¨ †bvjK eyqv, nwiKvKz, KvwKgv I ivwbI wQj| Avi G‡`i mv‡_
eyavi †`Lv nq| G we`vq †k‡l we`vq wKbv Zv g‡b K‡i A‡b‡KB Av‡eMgwÊZ n‡q c‡o| wKš‘ eyav wQj AwePj| †m mevB‡K Av¯^¯’
K‡i wbivc` AvkÖ‡qi c‡_ GwM‡q †`q|
Ab¨w`‡K DÏxc‡K Avgiv †`wL 1971 mv‡j gyw³hy‡×i mgq gvbyl wbivc` AvkÖ‡qi Rb¨ kni †Q‡o MÖv‡g AvkÖq †bq| Avevi A‡b‡K
Ni-evwoi gvqv Z¨vM K‡i Rxeb euvPv‡Z fvi‡Z wM‡q kiYv_x© wkwe‡i AvkÖq MÖnY K‡i| hy‡×i fqvenZv †_‡K euvP‡Z Ab¨Î AvkÖq
MÖn‡Yi welqxU DÏxcK I Dcb¨v‡m †`Lv hvq| ZvB GK_v ejv hvq †h, DÏxc‡Ki kiYv_x©‡`i mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi MÖvg †Q‡o
cvjv‡bv gvbyl‡`i mv`„k¨ Av‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : hy‡×i fqvenZv †_‡K cÖvY euvPv‡Z Ab¨Î AvkÖq MÖn‡Yi welqwU DÏxcK I Dcb¨v‡m i‡q‡Q| myZivs kiYv_x© cÖm‡½ DÏxcK I
Dcb¨vm m¤•K©hy³|
k DÏxc‡Ki ivRy ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi h_v_© cÖwZwbwa n‡q DV‡Z cv‡iwb| Z‡e ivRyi g‡a¨ ÔeyavÕ Pwi‡Îi Bw½Z Av‡Q|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi GK Abe`¨ PwiÎ eyav| †m GK wb‡g©vn PwiÎ †h wKbv cvwievwiK †øn-ggZv ewÂZ A_P MÖv‡gi mevB Zv‡K
fv‡jvev‡m, Zvi Av‡Q gvwUi gvqv, myMfxi †`k‡cÖg I c‡ivcKvi‡eva| Mv‡qi †jvK Zv‡K wKQyUv cvMj fve‡jI eyav Avm‡j Amxg
mvnmx| cvwievwiK gg‡Z¡i evB‡i G‡m †m wb‡R‡K ¯^vaxb gvbyl wn‡m‡e M‡o Zz‡j‡Q| GKmgq cvwK¯@vwb evwnbxi ee©iZvi wPÎ Zv‡K
†fZi †_‡K cÖwZev`x K‡i †Zv‡j| gyw³hy× wK Zv bv eyS‡jI AZ¨vPvixiv wfb‡`kx Z_v †`k I RvwZi kΓ GK_v †m fv‡jvfv‡eB
ey‡SwQj| Avi Gfv‡eB †m gyw³hy‡× Rwo‡q c‡o| KLbI gyw³‡hv×v‡`i mvnvh¨ Kiv, KL‡bv KvD‡K wbivc‡` Ab¨Î mwi‡q †`Iqv,
KvKZvo~qv †m‡R kΓc‡¶i MwZwewa j¶ Kiv, Avevi KL‡bv kΓc‡¶i ev¼v‡i gvBb cy‡Z Avmvi g‡Zv `ytmvnmx KvR eyav K‡i‡Q|
Ab¨w`‡K DÏxc‡Ki ivRy‡K Avgiv †`wL, kiYv_x©‡`i gy‡L Lvevi Zz‡j w`‡Z| Zv‡`i AmnvqZ¡ I cvKevwnbxi ee©iZvq K_v ky‡b ivRyi
g‡a¨ cÖwZ‡kva¯•„nv KvR K‡i| cvwK¯@vwb †mbv‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡j Zvi Mv‡qi R¡vjv Ryov‡Zv| GLv‡b ivRy cÖZ¨¶fv‡e iYv½‡Y wQj
bv, Zv‡`i cÖZ¨¶ Av‡eM-Abyf‚wZi †Kv‡bv ¯•k©I †m cvqwb|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi ÔeyavÕ wb‡Ri Rxeb evwR †i‡L iYv½‡Y Svwc‡q †ewo‡q‡Q| †m †hgb cÖZ¨¶fv‡e cvwK¯@vwb evwnbxi ee©iZv
†`‡L‡Q, †Zgwb †`‡L‡Q Amnvq gvby‡li AvnvRvix| eyav cÖZ¨¶`k©x, Ab¨w`‡K ivRy c‡iv¶fv‡e Dcjwä K‡i‡Q gvÎ| ZvB ivRy
†Kv‡bvfv‡eB eyav Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwa n‡q DV‡Z cv‡iwb GK_v wbtm‡›`‡n ejv hvq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ivRy eyav Pwi‡Îi AvswkK cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡jI h_v_© cÖwZwbwa bq|
cÖkœ  09 g„š§q Zvi evevi mv‡_ 16B wW‡m¤^i mKv‡j Aciv‡Rq 71-G dzj w`‡Z hvq| GLv‡b nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl‡K †m dzj w`‡q
kÖ×v wb‡e`b Ki‡Z †`‡L| †m Zvi evevi Kv‡Q Aciv‡Rq 71 m¤•‡K© Rvb‡Z Pvq| evev Zv‡K e‡jb, gyw³hy‡×i mgq †h exi-†hv×viv
cÖvYcY hy× K‡i †`‡ki Rb¨ Rxeb w`‡q‡Qb, Zuv‡`i ¯§i‡Y GwU wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q| ZvB, Aciv‡Rq 71 Zi“Y cÖR‡š§i wbKU gyw³hy‡×i
cÖvgvY¨ `wjj n‡q `uvwo‡q Av‡Q|
K. Kviv cvwLi g‡Zv gvbyl gv‡i? 1
L. Ô†fZ‡i my‡Li cyuwUgvQ i“cvwj wSwjK Zz‡j muvZivqÕÑeyavi G Abyf‚wZi KviY e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. ÒDÏxc‡K, Rxeb DrmM©Kvix e¨w³MY ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m Kv‡`i cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|ÓÑe¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡K ÔAciv‡Rq 71Õ Ges ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨vm Df‡q evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i cÖvgvY¨ `wjjÓ| Ñgš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
9bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h cvwK¯@vwb †mbviv cvwLi g‡Zv gvbyl gv‡i|
i cvwK¯@vwb evwnbxi K¨v‡¤• wM‡q Avnv` gyÝx I Zvi mv½cv½‡`i Øviv wbh©vwZZ nIqvi ci eyavi Ggb Abyf‚wZ nq|
eyav wgwjUvwi K¨v¤• cwi`k©b Ki‡Z hvq GK gnv cwiKíbv wb‡q| †mLv‡b wM‡q mewKQy Ae‡jvKb Kivi ci Avnv` gyÝx I Zvi
mv½cv½‡`i Øviv eyav wbh©vwZZ nq| †fZ‡i †fZ‡i †m Av‡iv cÖwZÁve× nq, Acgv‡bi cÖwZ‡kva¯•„nv Zvi g‡a¨ AviI wØMyY n‡q
I‡V| fqWinxb cÖvY GK| ZvB‡Zv wgwjUvwi‡`i ÔfvM wnuqv‡mÕ ky‡bI †m kvš@fv‡e cv‡q †nu‡U gvV cvi nq| GUvI Zvi cwiKíbvi Ask
wQj| GKch©v‡q kvixwiK Kó †cwi‡q Ab¨iKg GK Abyf‚wZi Rš§ nq eyavi g‡a¨ †h‡bv †fZ‡i my‡Li cuywUgvQ iƒcvwj wSwjK Zz‡j muvZivq|Ó
Dˇii g–jK_v : cwiKíbv g‡Zv K¨v¤• cwi`k©b I wgwjUvwi‡`i gb Rq K‡i wd‡i Avmvi welqwU eyavi wfZi Ab¨iKg Abyf‚wZi Rš§ †`q|
j DÏxc‡K Rxeb DrmM©Kvix e¨w³MY ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mvjvg PvPv, iwe`v, gwdR, kwd, gwZ, AvRvnvi fvB, g`b KvKz I kwid
PvPvmn Av‡iv A‡b‡Ki cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i| Guiv mK‡jB GKvˇii exi kwn`|
1971 mv‡ji gnvb gyw³hy‡× evsjvi Avcvgi RbmvaviY cÖvYc‡Y jovB K‡i G‡`k ¯^vaxb K‡i| Avi G cÖvYcY hy‡× evOvwjiv
†Kvbvfv‡eB wcQcv nqwb| gv‡qi m¤§vb ivL‡Z eyK wPwZ‡q jovB K‡i g„Zz¨‡K eiY K‡i wb‡q kΓ `gb K‡i‡Q| cvwK¯@vwb‡`i ee©iZvi
mgywPZ Reve w`‡Z †Kv‡bv wØav K‡iwb evsjvi `vgvj †Q‡jiv| Avi Zuv‡`i ¯§i‡Y †`‡ki bvbvcÖv‡š@ ˆZwi n‡q‡Q bvbv †mŠa| we‡kl w`‡b
ev wewfbœ RvZxq w`e‡m gyw³hy‡×i kwn`‡`i cÖwZ kÖ×v wb‡e`b K‡i †`‡ki Avcvgi RbmvaviY|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  89
DÏxc‡Ki g„š§q‡K †`wL 16B wW‡m¤^i evevi mv‡_ Aciv‡Rq-71-G dzj w`‡Z| bvbv †KŠZ‚nj wb‡q evev‡K cÖkœ Ki‡j †m Avgv‡`i
†MŠiegq gyw³hy× I kwn`‡`i cÖm‡½ Rvb‡Z cv‡i| Aciv‡Rq-71 †mŠ‡ai gva¨‡g Giƒc cÖRš§ Avgv‡`i gyw³hy× m¤•‡K© Rvb‡Z cv‡i|
g–jZ gyw³hy‡× kwn` ev Rxeb DrmM©Kvixi cwiPq DÏxcK I Dcb¨vm Dfq †¶‡ÎB Avgiv j¶ Kwi|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Rxeb DrmM©Kvix e¨w³MY ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi kwn` mvjvg PvPv, Avi iweb`v‡`i cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki ÔAciv‡Rq 71Õ Ges ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨vm Df‡qB evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i cÖvgvY¨ `wjjÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
1971 mv‡j `xN© bq gvme¨vcx i³¶qx msN‡l©i gva¨‡g evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxbZv jvf K‡i| `xN© mgq kvmb-†kvl‡Yi ejq †_‡K GZ `ª“Z
¯^vaxbZv jv‡fi bwRi Avi c„w_ex‡Z †bB| GLv‡b exi evOvwj e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi AvnŸv‡b mvov w`‡q †h hvi Ae¯’vb †_‡K
cÖwZ‡iva msMÖvg M‡o †Zv‡j| evsjvi `vgvj †Q‡jiv bvbvfv‡e cvwK¯@vwb evwnbx‡K P¨v‡j‡Äi gy‡L †d‡j †`q| Z‡e Av‡M †_‡KB evOvwji
m–h©mš@vb‡`i nZ¨vi bxjbKkv kyi“ K‡i cvwK¯@vwbiv| we‡kl K‡i 7B gv‡P©i HwZnvwmK fvl‡Yi ci evOvwj RvMiY‡K cvwK¯@vwb
evwnbx fq †c‡Z kyi“ K‡i| ZvB‡Zv Zviv 25†k gv‡P©i Kvjiv‡Z wbi¯¿ evOvwji Ici ee©i nvgjv Pvjvq| kyi“ n‡q hvq gyw³i msMÖvg|
Rxe‡bi c‡ivqv bv K‡i exi evOvwj 30 j¶ kwn‡`i ZvRv i³ I `yj¶ gv-†ev‡bi m¤£‡gi wewbg‡q weRq wQwb‡q Av‡b| Avi G exi‡`i
AvÍZ¨v‡Mi cÖwZ kÖ×v Rvwb‡q wbwg©Z nq bvbv †mŠa| †ZgbB GKwU n‡”Q Aciv‡Rq-71|
Dcb¨v‡m Avgiv gyw³msMÖv‡gi bvbv cÖwZK‚jZv, hyׇKŠkj I cvwK¯@vwb evwnbxi ee©iZv‡K D‡c¶v K‡i evOvwji eyK wPwZ‡q jovB Kiv
†`‡LwQ| Ae‡k‡l weR‡qi RqMvbI aŸwbZ n‡q‡Q| Z‡e DÏxc‡Ki g‡Zv kwn`‡`i AvÍZ¨vM‡K ¯^xK…wZi cÖm½ Av‡mwb|
ZvB GK_v wbtm‡›`‡n ejv hvq †h, DÏxc‡Ki ÔAciv‡Rq-71Õ Ges ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨vm DfqB Avgv‡`i gyw³hy‡×i cÖvgvY¨ `wjj|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ¯§„wZi wgbvi Qwo‡q wQwU‡q Av‡Q mviv evsjvq, Avgiv ZvB †mm‡ei w`‡K `„wó †div‡jB †Z‡Rv`xß n‡q DwV|
cÖkœ  10 8g †kÖwYi †gavex QvÎx i–cv Pvi eQi Av‡M GK AvKw¯§K `yN©Ubvq evev-gv nvwi‡q PvPvi evwo‡Z AvkÖq wb‡q PvPv‡Zv fvB-
†evb‡`i m‡½ cov‡jLv Ki‡Q| AZ¨š@ †gavex e‡j Zvi cov‡kvbv †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡i bv PvwP| PvwP i–cvi we‡qi Rb¨ D‡Vc‡o jv‡M| †kl
ch©š@, PvPv‡K ivwR Kwi‡q GK ga¨ eqwm dj e¨emvqxi m‡½ we‡q wVK K‡i †d‡j| we‡q wbwðZ †R‡b i–cv wbi“cvq n‡q Dc‡Rjv
wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©vi kiYvcbœ nq|
K. †K QvcvLvbv w`‡Z †P‡qwQj? 1
L. ÔZvi †Pv‡L cvwb bvB e‡U, wKš‘ eyK wbðq †d‡U hv‡”Q|ÕÑ †Kb Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki i–cvi we‡q ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb mvgvwRK mgm¨v‡K wPwýZ K‡i| ÑZv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv hw` DÏxc‡Ki i–cvi f‚wgKvq AeZxY© n‡Zv Zvn‡j bvU‡Ki cwiYwZ wfbœ n‡Zv| Ñgš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
10bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h Rwg`vi cyÎ nv‡kg QvcvLvbv w`‡Z †P‡qwQj|
i Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwji Rwg`vwi Ny‡P hvIqvq Zvi gvbwmK Ae¯’v‡K we‡ePbv K‡i nv‡kg Avwj Dw³wU K‡i‡Q|
m–h©v¯@ AvB‡b Rwg`vwi wbwðý n‡q hv‡”Q nv‡Zg Avwji| eÜz Av‡bvqv‡ii Kv‡Q G‡mI Zv‡K e¨_© g‡bvi_ n‡q wd‡i †h‡Z n‡”Q| G
Ae¯’vq Rwg`vwi nviv‡bvi wel‡q †m wbwðZ Ges GK_v †m Zvi cyÎ nv‡kg‡K e‡j‡Q| nv‡kg Avwj G msev‡` fxlY AvnZ nIqvi
cvkvcvwk wcZvi gvbwmK Ae¯’vI eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Q| ZvB Av‡jvP¨ K_vwU Øviv †m wcZvi gvbwmK Ae¯’v‡K Zz‡j a‡i‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwji Rwg`vwi Ny‡P hvIqvq Zvi gvbwmK Ae¯’v‡K we‡ePbv K‡i nv‡kg Avwj Dw³wU K‡i‡Q|
j DÏxc‡Ki iƒcvi we‡q ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi e„× wc‡ii m‡½ we‡q †`Iqvi g‡Zv fqven mvgvwRK mgm¨v‡K wPwýZ K‡i|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †K›`ªxq PwiÎ Zv‡niv| gvZ…nviv G †g‡qwU‡K Zvi Kzms¯‹viv”Qbœ evev I mrgv wg‡j GK e„× wc‡ii mv‡_ we‡qi
e¨e¯’v K‡ib| evev-gvi GKUv wek¦vm wc‡ii mv‡_ we‡q w`‡j Zviv cicv‡i jvfevb n‡eb| GgbB GKUv cÖ_v cÖPwjZ wQj ZrKvjxb
mgv‡R| Avi †ewkifvM †g‡qB bxi‡e †mUv Zv‡`i fvM¨ e‡j †g‡b wbZ| Z‡e G‡¶‡Î e¨wZµg Zv‡niv| †m G Ab¨vq we‡q †g‡b †bqwb|
ZrKvjxb mgvR e¨e¯’v ev †jvKj¾vi fq `–‡i †V‡j GK cÖwZev`x wm×vš@ †bq| †Mvc‡b cvwj‡q hvq| fwel¨Z bv †f‡e Zxeª cÖwZev`
wb‡q kniMvgx eRivq P‡o e‡m| ej‡Z †M‡j Zv‡niv GK Abgbxq PwiÎ|
Ab¨w`‡K DÏxc‡KI Avgiv †`wL GK cÖwZev`x PwiÎ iƒcv‡K| evev-gv nviv G wK‡kvix †Kv‡bvfv‡eB ga¨eqmx dj we‡µZvi mv‡_ we‡q‡K
†g‡b wb‡Z cv‡iwb| PvPv-PvwPi G kVZvi †Rv‡i iƒcv Amnvq n‡q c‡o| Z‡e †m `‡g hvqwb| †kl ch©š@ †gavex G QvÎx wb‡Ri Aw¯@‡Z¡i
cÖ‡kœ wbi“cvq n‡q Dc‡Rjv wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©vi kiYvcbœ nq| eZ©gvb †cÖ¶vc‡U GUv Zvi AwaKvi| ZvQvov cÖPwjZ AvBbI iƒcv‡K mg_©b
w`‡e| ZvB ejv hvq, Amgwe‡q ZrKvjxb mgv‡Ri GKwU mvgvwRK mgm¨v| †hUv AvRI engvb, Z‡e Zvi gvÎv A‡bKUv K‡g‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : †Rvi K‡i we‡q A‡bKUv gvbevwaKvi j¸N‡bi ch©v‡q c‡o| †hUv AvBbZ `Êbxq Aciva|
k ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv hw` DÏxc‡Ki iƒcvi f‚wgKvq AeZxY© n‡Zv Zvn‡j bvU‡Ki cwiYwZ wfbœ n‡Z cvi‡Zv| Z‡e eZ©gvb
mg‡qi g‡Zv ZrKvjxb mgvRe¨e¯’v ev cvwicvwk¦©KZv AbyK‚j wQj bv|
ewncxi bvUKwU 1960 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq| Avi bvU‡Ki †cÖ¶vcU nq‡Zvev wesk kZvãxi kyi“i w`‡Ki| †hmgq wQj bvbv ag©xq Kzms¯‹vi
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gZvgZ MÖnY‡hvM¨ nevi my‡hvM Lye KgB wQ‡jv| Z‡e Gm‡ei g‡a¨ GK cÖwZev`x †PZbv wb‡q Avwef‚©Z nq Zv‡niv| e„× wc‡ii mv‡_
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  90
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e¨w³Z¡ Abgbxq Z‡e ZrKvjxb cywjk cÖkvm‡bi AvkÖq †bqvi K_v fv‡ewb; eis ARvbvi D‡Ï‡k¨ cvwo Rgv‡bv‡K †kÖq g‡b K‡i‡Q|
Ab¨w`‡K Avgiv DÏxc‡Ki iƒcv‡K †`wL, wb‡Ri Aw¯@‡Z¡i cÖ‡kœ KwVb wm×vš@ wb‡Z| †m ZLb †jvK-j¾vi ev PvPv-PvwPi K_v fv‡ewb|
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wk‡L wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i Rxeb mvRv‡Z| iƒcv Ab¨iKg cÖwZev`x nIqvi my‡hvM †c‡q‡Q nq‡Zv †jLvcov Kivi Kvi‡Y ev eZ©gvb
mgvRe¨e¯’vi AMÖMwZ m¤•‡K© Rvbv _vKvi Kvi‡Y|
bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv hw` iƒcvi f‚wgKvq AeZxY© n‡Zv Zv n‡j nq‡Zv ev bvU‡Ki cwiYwZ Av‡iv Av‡MB n‡Zv| bq‡Zv ewncx‡ii fÊvgx ev
Zvi †`vmi‡`i KwVb wePv‡ii gy‡LvgyLx n‡Z n‡Zv|
Dˇii g–jK_v : cÖwZev‡`i Ave‡n Zv‡niv I iƒcv Abb¨| Avi mgq I cwiw¯’wZ wePv‡i Zv‡`i cÖwZev`x †PZbv we‡kl Myi“Z¡ enb K‡i|
cÖkœ  11 gwbi mv‡ne GKRb mvaviY e¨emvqx| K‡ivbvKv‡j Zvi e¨emv‡q e¨vcK †jvKmvb nq| wZwb e¨vsK †_‡K UvKv †jvb wb‡q
e¨emv‡qi Kv‡R jvwM‡q‡Qb| e¨vsK †jvb mgqg‡Zv cwi‡kva Ki‡Z bv cvivq Zvi cuvP Zjv evwowU wbjv‡g D‡V| ¯¿x-cyÎ I Kb¨v‡`i
wb‡q wZwb fxlY `ywðš@vq c‡ob| †Kv‡bv Dcvq †ei Ki‡Z bv †c‡i, †k‡l wZwb Zvi gvgv‡Zv fvB nvwe‡ei wbKU UvKv avi Pvb| wKš‘
nvwee e‡j hw` †m Zvi cuvP Zjv evwoi A‡a©K Zvi bv‡g wj‡L †`q, Zvn‡j †m Zv‡K UvKv avi wn‡m‡e †`‡e| GK_v ky‡b gwbi mv‡ne
wKsKZ©e¨weg–p n‡q c‡ob|
K. eRiv †Kvb Nv‡U †_‡gwQj? 1
L. Zv‡niv †kl ch©š@ ewncx‡ii m‡½ †h‡Z Pvq †Kb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki gwbi mv‡n‡ei evwo nviv‡bv NUbvi m‡½ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡Zg Avwji wgj Kx‡m? Ñe¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki nvwee Ges ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki ewncx‡ii K‚U‡KŠkj GKB m–‡Î Muv_vÓÑgš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
11bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h Rwg`v‡ii eRiv †Wgiv Nv‡U †_‡gwQj|
i nv‡k‡gi evev Z_v nv‡Zg Avwji Rwg`vwi i¶vi ¯^v‡_© Zv‡niv †kl ch©š@ ewncx‡ii mv‡_ †h‡Z ivRx nq|
Zv‡niv cvwj‡q euvP‡Z wM‡q Rwg`v‡ii eRivq AvkÖq cvq| wKQyUv Avkvi mÂvi nq cÖv‡Y| Z‡e Zv †ewk¶Y ¯’vqx nqwb| KviY GKB
eRivq AvkÖq cvq ewncxiI| ¯¿x‡K D×v‡i ewncxi GKch©v‡q eRivi mevB‡K c‡¶ †c‡jI Rwg`vicyÎ nv‡kg Zv‡nivi c¶ †bq|
A‡Pbv ARvbv G †jvKwUi Ggb AvPi‡Y Zvi cÖwZI GK ai‡bi Uvb ev `vwqZ¡‡eva Zv‡nivi g‡a¨ Rš§ nq| ZvB‡Zv nv‡Zg Avwj Z_v
nv‡k‡gi evevi Rwg`vwi i¶vi cÖ‡qvR‡b Zv‡niv ZvB e„× ewncx‡ii m‡½ †h‡Z Pvq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : fv‡jvevmv ev cvi¯•wiK m¤§vb‡ev‡ai ¶gZv Amxg| G †eva †_‡KB Zv‡niv G c_ †e‡Q †bq|
j DÏxc‡Ki gwbi mv‡n‡ei evwo nviv‡bvi NUbvi m‡½ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡Zg Avwji Rwg`vwi wbjv‡g DVvi NUbv wg‡j hvq|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡Zg Avwj GKRb ¶wqòz Rwg`vi| LvRbv evwK covi Kvi‡Y m–h©v¯@ AvB‡b nv‡Zg Avwji Rwg`vwi wbjv‡g D‡V|
cwievi wPwš@Z n‡q co‡e e‡j wZwb welqwU cwiev‡ii Kv‡Q †Mvcb iv‡Lb| bvbvfv‡e A_© msMÖ‡ni †Póv Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| GKch©v‡q
wPwKrmvi ARynv‡Z kn‡i hvb eÜyi KvQ †_‡K UvKv avi Ki‡Z| wKš‘ wZwb UvKv msMÖ‡n e¨_© nb| nv‡Zg Avwj A‡bKUv `ywðš@vMÖ¯’
n‡q c‡ob| w`‡knviv n‡q fve‡Z _v‡Kb Kxfv‡e Rwg`vwi i¶v Ki‡eb| wVK Ggb mgq Kvwnwb‡Z Avwef©ve N‡U ewncx‡ii|
Ab¨w`‡K DÏxc‡Ki gwbi mv‡ne GKRb e¨emvqx| e¨vs‡Ki †jv‡bi UvKvq e¨emv kyi“ K‡iwQ‡jb| fqven K‡ivYvKv‡j Zvi e¨emvi
e¨vcK †jvKmvb nq| mgqg‡Zv e¨vs‡Ki UvKv cwi‡kva Ki‡Z bv cvivq Zvi cuvPZjv evwowU wbjv‡g I‡V| wbi“cvq n‡q wZwb gvgv‡Zv
fvB nvwe‡ei kiYvcbœ nb| gvgv‡Zv fvB nvexe gwbi mv‡n‡ei cuvP Zjv evwoi A‡a©K wj‡L w`‡Z e‡jb| Z‡eB †m UvKv w`‡e| GK_v
ky‡b gwbi mv‡ne wKsKZ©e¨weg–p n‡q c‡ob|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxcK I bvUK Dfq‡¶‡ÎB `yRb fvM¨weow¤^Z gvby‡li cÖwZ”Qwe dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki nvwee Ges ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki ewncx‡ii K‚U‡KŠkj GKm–‡Î Muv_vÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔewncxiÕ ag©e¨emvi Avov‡j wb‡Ri ¯^v_© nvwm‡ji †Póv Ki‡Zv| eQiv‡š@ gywi`‡`i evwo‡Z Nyi‡Z †h‡Zb| ZLb gywi`iv ¯^e©¯^ w`‡q
ewncx‡ii †mev Ki‡Zb| †Zgwbm–‡Î GK gywi` Zvi Kb¨v Zv‡niv‡K †Rvi K‡i e„× wc‡ii mv‡_ we‡q †`b| Zv‡niv GUv gvb‡Z bv †c‡i
kniMvgx eRivq AvkÖq †bq| NUbvµ‡g ewncxiI †mB eRivq AvkÖq cvq| Kvwnwbi Ave‡Z© ewncxi Rwg`vwi wbjv‡g IVv nv‡Zg Avwji
Rwg`vwi wbjv‡g IVv †VKv‡bvi wewbg‡q Zv‡niv‡K †diZ †c‡Z Pvb| G‡¶‡Î wZwb fqvbK GK K‚U‡KŠk‡ji AvkÖq †bq| hw`I †kl
ch©š@ Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwji D`viZvq Avweó n‡q ewncx‡iiI †PZKbv‡eva RvMÖZ nq|
Ab¨w`‡K e¨emvqx gwbi mv‡ne fqven K‡ivbvi Kvi‡Y e¨emvq ¶wZMÖ¯’ nb| †jv‡bi UvKvq e¨emv KiwQ‡jb weavq gwbi mv‡ne fqvbK
wec‡` c‡o hvb| Zvi cuvP Zjv evwowU GRb¨ wbjv‡g I‡V| ¯¿x-cyÎ Kb¨v‡`i wb‡q wZwb Lye `ywðš@vq c‡o hvb| wbZvš@ wbi“cvq n‡q
gvgv‡Zv fvB nvex‡ei kiYvcbœ nb| A‡bK Avkv wb‡q Zvi Kv‡Q †M‡jI fqvbK AwfÁZvi m¤§yLxb nb| gvgv‡Zv fvB A‡_©i wewbg‡q
Zvi cuvP Zjv evwoi gvwjKvbv `vex K‡ib| †hUv GKUv fqven K‚U‡KŠk‡ji Ask|
ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki nvwee I ewncxi bvU‡Ki ewncx‡ii K‚U‡KŠkj GKB m–‡Î Muv_v|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki nvwee I ewncxi bvU‡Ki ewncxi DfqB K‚U‡KŠkjx| wec`MÖ¯@ gvby‡li mv‡_ †hUv Kiv Ab¨vq|
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evsjv cÖ_g cÎ (eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶v) welq †KvW : 1 0 1
[2024 mv‡ji wm‡jevm Abyhvqx]
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1. ÔAvkvÕ KweZvi †Kv_vq gvbyl wbf©vebvq Nywg‡q _v‡K? 16. Ôgv hw` ej‡Zb, †LvKv D‡V AvqÑZ‡e ciw`b †_‡K †m Avi AvmZ
E Kvbœv-nvwmi Aš@iv‡j F †h_vq Zz” Q wb‡q Zz ó _v‡K  bvÕÑggZvw`i bv Avmvi KviY n‡Z cviZÑ
 G cÖwZ‡ekxi Auvavi N‡i H RxY© †eovi N‡i i. P¶zj¾v ii. AcgvwbZ †eva Kiv iii. AvÍm¤§vb‡eva
2. Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^v axbZvÕ KweZvq Kvi dzmdzm GLb †cvKvi `L‡j? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
E nwi`vmxi F gZje wgqvi G mMxi Avjxi H i“¯@g †k‡Li E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii
3. Dcb¨v‡mi Dc¯’vwcZ Kvwnwb‡K Kx ejv nq? 17. KZ mv‡j m–h©vš@ AvBb cÖYxZ nq?
E AvL¨vbfvM F DcKvwnwb G fvlvi fw½ H ejvi fw½ E 1790 mv‡j F 1791 mv‡j G 1792 mv‡j H 1793 mv‡j
4. ÔGB e‡j †gvi bvg L¨vZ †nvK 18. Ô†mB evK¨ ey‡S cÖfz Av‡c wbiÄbÕÑÔe½evYxÕ KweZvq Ô†mB evK¨Õ ej‡Z Kx
Avwg †Zvgv‡`iB †jvK|Õ †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?
ÑcO&w³wUi fv‡ei mv‡_ mv`„k¨c–Y© PiY †KvbwU? E evsjv fvlv‡K F ms¯‹…wZ fvlv‡K
E Avwg †h G‡mwQ Rqevsjvi eRªKÉ †_‡K  G mKj fvlv‡K H Aviwe-dviwm fvlv‡K
F mevB Aaxi AMÖ‡n cÖZx¶v Ki‡Q †Zvgvi R‡b¨ †n ¯^vaxbZv  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 19 I 20bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
G MYm–‡h©i g Kuvwc‡q Kwe †kvbv‡jb Zvi Agi KweZvLvwb Ôeûw`b c‡i g‡b c‡o AvwR cwjÐgv‡qi †Kvj
H †Lv`vi Kmg Avwg wfb‡`wk cw_K bB SvDkv‡L †h_v ebjZv euvwa ni‡l †L‡qwQ †`vj|Õ
5. `my¨i f‡qi †P‡qI ivbvi m–h© IVv‡K †ewk fq cvq †Kb? 19. DÏxc‡Ki KweZvskwU †Zvgvi cwVZ †Kvb KweZvi fve‡K aviY K‡i‡Q?
E cwjÐRbbx F K‡cvZv¶ b`
E PvKwi nviv‡bvi Rb¨ F `vwqZ¡‡ev‡ai Kvi‡Y
 G Avwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bB H †mB-w`b GB gvV
 G WvK bv cvIqvi f‡q H evwo †divi Zvov _vKvq
 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 6 I 7bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 20. D³ fve †h Pi‡Y cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡QÑ
E †Kvb w`b †m †h gv‡q‡i bv e‡j wM‡qwQj `–i e‡b
iv‡njv †eMg ¯^vgx I kvkywoi A‡bK AZ¨vPvi mn¨ K‡i| ZeyI mš@v‡bi
F c„w_exi GBme Mí †eu‡P i‡e wPiKvj
Uv‡b GB msmv‡i c‡o Av‡Q|  G Avwg ¯^vwcœK wbq‡g GLv‡bB _vwK
6. DÏxc‡Ki iv‡njv †eM‡gi mv‡_ wb‡Pi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? H wKš‘ G †ø‡ni Z…òv wg‡U Kvi R‡j
E KvOvwji gv F evwoi j¶¥x eDwU 21. †Lv‡`Rvi eyK Kuv‡c †Kb?
 G ggZvw` H me©Rqv E Rwg`vwi nviv‡bvi f‡q F ¯^vgxi Amy¯’Zvi K_v ky‡b
7. D³ mv`„‡k¨i KviYÑ  G nv‡kg Zv‡niv‡K we‡q Ki‡Z Pvq e‡j
i. AmnvqZ¡ ii. msmv‡ii gvqv iii. `vwqZ¡‡eva H Zv‡niv wci mv‡n‡ei gy‡Li Ici K_v e‡j‡Q e‡j
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 22. ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbvq `y¤^vi gvs‡mi Mvgjvq †KvbwU‡K †jL‡Ki †Pv‡L
E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii AcvO&‡³q g‡b n‡q‡Q?
8. Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvq †Zv‡`i i³v³ nZ gyP‡o w`‡qwQ bq gv‡mÕ E Avjy F ev`vg G wKmwgm H gvsm
ej‡Z Kwe Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? 23. Ôweiwnbx WvK WvwK‡Z‡Q Szwi SzwiÕÑej‡Z ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq †Kvb cvwLi
E cÖwZ‡kva F cÖwZ‡iva G cÖwZwnsmv H cÖwZev` K_v †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?
9. ÔD‡cw¶Z kw³i D`&‡evabÕ cÖeÜ g‡Z, AvR Avgv‡`i GZ AatcZ‡bi E ev`yo F KvbvKz‡qv G WvûK H ûZzg
KviY Kx? 24. gnvKv‡e¨i g–j j¶¨ Kx?
E e¨w³‡K cÖvavb¨ †`Iqv F †gnbwZ gvby l‡`i cÖw Z Ae‡njv 
E Míejv F hy×weMÖ‡ni eY©bv
 G ¯^cœiv‡R¨ wePiY H MYRvMi‡Yi Afve
 G AvqZ‡bi wekvjZvi cÖKvk H AwZkq `xN© KweZv ˆZwi
10. Ôf¨vjv n‡jv †`wL †jVvÕÑ G K_vq †gvjÐv mv‡n‡ei Pwi‡Îi †Kvb w`KwU 25. ÔAvwg wK eKwi-C‡`i †Mvi“- QvMj bvwKÕÑZv‡nivi GB Dw³‡Z Kx cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q?
cÖKvk cvq? E cÖwZev` F AmnvqZ¡ G nZvkv H weiw³
E weiw³ F N„Yv G wbôziZv H Amn‡hvwMZv 26. ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq Kwe Avgv‡`i cÖZœZvwË¡K HwZ‡n¨i cwiPq w`‡Z
11. AvaywbK wk¶vi Kg©bvkv †mªv‡Z we¯§„wZi AZj M‡f© Zwj‡q hv‡”Q †KvbwU? †Kvb Abyl½wU e¨envi K‡i‡Qb?
E Qov F cÖev` G DcK_v H cwjÐMvb E e‡i›`ª f‚‡gi †mvbv gmwR` F cvnvocy‡ii †eŠ×wenvi
12. Ô†m Avcbv‡K Avcwb †`wL‡Z‡Q, fvwe‡Z‡Q, cÖkœ Kwi‡Z‡Q Ges eywS‡Z  G †Rvo-evsjvi gw›`i-†ew` H cvjhyM bv‡gi wPÎKjv
cvwi‡Z‡Q bv|Õ ÑGi KviY Kx?  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 27 I 28bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
E kvixwiK cÖwZeÜKZv F be‡hŠe‡b c`vc©Y dz‡ji M‡Ü Nyg Av‡m bv, ZvB‡Zv †R‡M iB
 G mywk¶vi Afve H AvÍm¤§vb‡ev‡ai RvMiY ivwÎ n‡jv gv‡Mv Avgvi KvRjv w`w` KB?
13. ¯^vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K‡›`ª Ômv‡jn Avn‡g`Õ QÙ bv‡g †K Lei co‡Zb? 27. DÏxc‡K cÖKvwkZ fve ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi †Kvb w`KwU‡K Zz‡ j a‡i?
E AvjgMxi Kwei F Avjx hv‡Ki E gvby‡li wPivqZ ˆkke F fvB-†ev‡bi m¤•K©
 G Kvgi“j nvmvb H nvmvb Bgvg  G MÖvg evsjvi cÖK…wZ H gv-evevi kvk¦Z i–c
14. Ôi“‡L w`‡”Q kΓi MwZ| ey‡Ki †fZi a‡i †i‡L‡Q gyw³hy×|Õ Ñ Dw³wU‡Z 28. DÏxc‡K ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi †h w`KwU Abycw¯’ZÑ
cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q eyaviÑ i. `vwi‡`ª¨i wPÎ ii. `yiš@cbv iii. cÖK…wZ NwbôZv
i. exiZ¡ ii. mvnm iii. gyw³i AvKv¸¶v wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii
E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii 29. eyavi g‡Z iv‡Zi †ejv †mcvBMy‡jv ev¼v‡i ky‡q Kx †`L‡e?
15. Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvq Kcv‡j KewR‡Z E †MvjvMywj F kΓi MwZwewa  G AvKv‡ki Zviv H nvDBevwR
jvjmvjy †eu‡a †K Qy‡U G‡mwQj? 30. ÔG‡`i Ávb `vI cÖfz, G‡`i ¶gv KiÕÑG Dw³‡Z nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi
E Ki“Y †Kivwb F Dj½ K…lK †Kvb MyYwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q?
 G wkky cvZv-Kzovwbiv H †jvnvi kÖwgK E mnbkxjZv F D`viZv G gnvbyfeZv H weP¶YZv

 Lvwj NiMy‡jv‡Z †cbwmj w`‡q DËiMy‡jv †j‡Lv| Gici QR †Kv‡W cÖ`Ë DËigvjvi mv‡_ wgwj‡q †`‡Lv †Zvgvi DËiMy‡jv mwVK wK bv|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
DËi

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
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w`bvRcyi †evW©Ñ2024
evsjv cÖ_g cÎ (m„Rbkxj cÖkœ) †mU : 03
[2024 mv‡ji wm‡jevm Abyhvqx] welq †KvW : 1 0 1
mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU c–Y©gvb : 70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c–Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcKMy‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i c‡ov Ges mswkÐó cÖkœMy‡jvi DËi `vI| K wefvM (M`¨) n‡Z Kgc‡¶
`ywU, L wefvM (KweZv) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ `ywU, M wefvM (Dcb¨vm) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwU Ges N wefvM (bvUK) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwU K‡i †gvU mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi
w`‡Z n‡e| GKB cÖ‡kœi Dˇi mvay I PwjZ fvlvixwZi wgkÖY `–lYxq|]
K wefvM : M`¨
1| MÖvgxY cwi‡e‡k †e‡o IVv meyR I mvwKj mve©¶wYK †gvevBj †dv‡b †g‡Z _v‡K| ZvQvov †Uwjwfk‡b †Ljv †`LvI Zv‡`i Af¨v‡m cwiYZ
n‡q‡Q| Ni †_‡K Zviv †ei“‡ZB Pvq bv| Zv‡`i gv wejwKm †eMg †Q‡j‡`i fwel¨r wb‡q wPwš@Z| KL‡bv Av`i K‡i, KL‡bvev ivM K‡i †gvevBj
†dv‡bi Avmw³ †_‡K Zv‡`i `–‡i ivLvi †Póv K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb, Ô†gvevBj `iKvi wKš‘ †jLvcov mevi Av‡M `iKvi, evev|Õ
K. bxjgwY ivq †K? 1
L. me©Rqvi K_v eÜ nIqvi Dcµg n‡jv †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K meyR I mvwK‡ji mv‡_ ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi Acy-`yM©vi ˆemv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔDÏxc‡Ki wejwKm †eMg †hb ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi me©Rqvi h_v_© cÖwZwbwa|ÓÑgš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
2| we‡qi `k eQi ci †i‡eKvi GKwU cyÎ mš@vb nq| A‡bK mvabvi cy·K e‡ov Ki‡Z wM‡q wZwb `ya, wWg, Kjv, wgwó GKUvi ci GKUv †Rvi K‡i
LvIqv‡Z _v‡Kb| wKš‘ cy‡Îi eqm cuvP eQi n‡jI †m nuvU‡Z cv‡i bv| A¯^vfvweK †gvUv nIqvq Zv‡K Wv³v‡ii Kv‡Q wb‡q †M‡j Wv³vi e‡jb, Ôeqm I
i“wP Abyhvqx hv †L‡Z Pvq Ges hZUzKz †L‡Z cv‡i ZvB LvIqv‡eb| AwZwi³ LvIqvi Kvi‡Y eq‡mi Zzjbvq †gvUv e‡j nuvUv-wkL‡Z †`wi n‡”Q|Õ
K. wk¶K Kx‡mi mÜvb w`‡Z cv‡ib? 1
L. †ckv`vi‡`i gnvåvwš@ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki †i‡eKvi gvbwmKZvq ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †h w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔDÏxc‡Ki Wv³v‡ii e³‡e¨i g‡a¨B cÖg_ †PŠayixi AvKv¸¶vi cÖwZaŸwb N‡U‡QÕÑgš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv wbi–cY K‡iv| 4
3| Ô†`k‡K Ggbfv‡e ¯^vaxb Kie, hv‡Z †`‡ki mevB `iRv †Lvjv †i‡L Nygv‡Z cv‡iÕ, G g–jgš¿ wb‡q gyw³hy‡× †b‡gwQ‡jb mvnmx mv‡R©›U gwn
Avjg †PŠayix| wZwb cÖwZwU Acv‡ikb m¤§yL †_‡K cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zb| wKš‘ mvabcyi †evW© Awdm wgwjUvwi K¨v¤• Acv‡ik‡bi mgq
inm¨RbKfv‡e wZwb aiv c‡ob Ges Zv‡`i wbg©g AZ¨vPv‡i kwn` nb| GiKg AmsL¨ gwn Avjg wgwjUvwi‡`i AZ¨vPv‡i cÖvY nvivb|
K. ÔAvjwU‡gUvgÕ Kx? 1
L. gyw³‡dŠR! K_vUv GZ fvix †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. ÔÔDÏxc‡Ki wgwjUvwi‡`i Kg©KvÊ ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi mv‡_ Kxfv‡e m¤•wK©ZÓÑe¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔDÏxc‡K gwn Avjg †PŠayix Avi ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi i“wgi †PZbv GKB m–‡Î Muv_v|ÓÑDw³wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
4| wek¦Kwe iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi Zvi ÔcyivZb f…Z¨Õ KweZvq cyivZb f…Z¨ †Kóv m¤•‡K© e‡j‡QbÑ
(i) wZbLvbv w`‡j GKLvbv iv‡L, evwK †Kv_v bvwn Rv‡b;
GKLvbv w`‡j wb‡gl †dwj‡Z wZbLvbv K‡i Av‡b|
†hLv‡b †mLv‡b w`e‡m-`yc‡y i wb`ªvwU Av‡Q mvav|
(ii) N‡ii KΩx i“¶ g–wZ© e‡j, Avi cvwi bv‡Kv
iwnj †Zvgvi G Ni, `yqvi, †Kóv‡i j‡q _v‡Kv|
ky‡b gnv †e‡M Qy‡U hvB †i‡M Avwb Zvi wUwK a‡i;
ewj Zv‡i ÔcvwR †ei n ZzB AvRB, `–i K‡i w`by †Zv‡i|Õ
K. ggZvw`i Kcv‡ji ¶ZUv Kx‡mi g‡Zv? 1
L. ggZvw`i `y‡PvL mRj n‡q DVj †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxcK (ii)-G N‡ii KΩxi mv‡_ ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi †Qv‡UvKZ©vi gv‡qi ˆemv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔmv`„k¨ _vK‡jI DÏxcK (i)-G †Kóv ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw` n‡q DV‡Z cv‡iwbÓÑgš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
L wefvM : KweZv
5| eûw`b c‡i g‡b c‡o AvwR cwjÐgv‡qi †Kvj
SvDkv‡L †h_v ebjZv euvwa ni‡l †L‡qwQ †`vj,
Kz‡ji KuvUvi AvNvZ mBqv KuvPv-cvKv Kzj †L‡q
Ag„‡Zi ¯^v` †hb jwfqvwQ Muv‡qi `yjvjx †g‡q|
†cŠl cve©‡Y wcVv †L‡Z e‡m Lywk‡Z welg †L‡q
Av‡iv DjÐvm evwoqv‡Q g‡b gv‡qi eKzwb †c‡q|
K. ÔgvB‡Kj gaym–`b `‡Ëi Agi KxwZ© †KvbwU? 1
L. ÔAvi wK †n n‡e †`Lv?Õ Kwe GK_v e‡j‡Qb †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi mv`„k¨MZ Abyf‚wZ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔDÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ Abyf‚wZi Aš@iv‡j †h fvewU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q Zv-B ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq Kwei g–j †PZbvÓÑgš@e¨wU h_v_©Zv wbi–cY K‡iv| 4
6| (i) †Zvgvi †fv‡Mi n«vm nq cv‡Q wf¶v-gywó w`‡j,
Øvix w`‡q ZvB gvi w`‡q Zzwg †`eZv‡i †L`vB‡j|
(ii) eÜy †Zvgvi eyKfiv †jvf `y‡PvL ¯^v_© Vzwj,
bZzev †`wL‡Z, †Zvgv‡i †mwe‡Z †`eZv n‡q‡Q Kzwj|
gvby‡li ey‡K †hUzKz †`eZv †e`bv-gw_Z myav,
ZvB, jy‡U Zzwg Lv‡e cky? Zzwg Zv w`‡q wgUv‡e ¶zav?
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  93
K. ÔdzKvwiÕ A_© Kx? 1
L. mnmv gw›`i eÜ n‡jv †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxcK- (i)-G ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi †h welqwUi Bw½Z enb K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔDÏxcK- (ii) †hb ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi Kwei g–j †PZbv‡K aviYv K‡i‡Q|ÓÑg–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
7| ¯@eKÑ1 :
GKevi we`vq †` gv Ny‡i Avwm|
nvwm nvwm cie duvwm
†`L‡e fviZevmx|
¯@eKÑ2 :
wn›`y gymwjg `ywU fvB
fvi‡Zi `yB AuvwL Zviv,
GK evMv‡bi `ywU Zi“ †hb
†`e`vi“ Avi K`gPviv|
K. ÔAvjc_Õ kãwU ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq Kx A‡_© e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q? 1
L. ÔGKmv‡_ AvwQ, GKmv‡_ euvwPÕÑej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. ¯@eK-1-G ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi †h welqwU wb‡`©k K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Ô¯@eK-2-Gi †PZbvB †hb evOvwj RvwZi exRgš¿Õ ÑÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi Av‡jv‡K gš@e¨wU g–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
M wefvM : Dcb¨vm
8| ¯@eK-1 :
nVvr kywb M‡R© I‡V/e›`yK Ges †evgv
gvÕ†K †W‡K ejj †Q‡j/Kuvc‡Q AvKvk I gv|
†`L‡jb gv Rvbvjv w`‡q/mviv kni XvKv
R¡j‡Q Ges cyo‡Q kyay/iv¯@vMy‡jv duvKv|
¯@eK-2 :
†gviv bZzb GKwU KweZv wjL‡Z hy× Kwi
†gviv bZzb GKwU Mv‡bi Rb¨ hy× Kwi
†gviv GKLvbv fv‡jv Qwei Rb¨ hy× Kwi,
†gviv mviv we‡k¦i kvwš@ euvPv‡Z AvR‡K jwo|
K. eyav Kxfv‡e Mvb †k‡L? 1
L. eyavi we‡`wk gvbyl Ges wb‡R‡`i gvbyl mevi Ici N„Yv evo‡Z _v‡K †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. ¯@eK-1-G ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav †hb ¯@eK-2-Gi †PZbv‡K aviY K‡i‡QÕÑg–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
9| mvfv‡ii ivbv cÐvRvi feb a‡m c‡o Kg©iZ `¤•wZ †mwjbv I wicb wbnZ nq| wKš‘ †eu‡P hvq evmvq _vKv mvZ eQ‡ii †Q‡j ivgxg| wcZv-gvZv
nviv †Q‡jwU‡K ey‡K †U‡b †bq evwoi gvwjK Kv‡`i Lv‡bi ¯¿x gwR©bv| wb‡Ri †Q‡j-†g‡q‡`i fwel¨‡Zi K_v wPš@v K‡i Kv‡`i Lvb ivwR bv
n‡jI gwR©bv ivgxg‡K wb‡Ri mš@v‡bi g‡Zv ¯‹z‡j w`‡q †jLv-covi e¨e¯’v K‡ib|
K. nwiKvKzi mv‡_ eyavi †Kv_vq †`Lv nq? 1
L. ÔwKš‘ Avgiv wZbRb bB, GKRb|ÕÑK_vwU eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki gwR©bvi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qv Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi PvwPi ˆemv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. mv`„k¨ _vK‡jI DÏxc‡Ki ivgxg ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi h_v_© cÖwZ”Qwe n‡q DV‡Z cv‡iwbÑg–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
N wefvM : bvUK
10| el©vKvj, evwoi cv‡ki we‡j Avcb g‡b gvQ ai‡Q wRmvb| nVvr mv‡c Kv‡U wRmvb‡K| m½xiv †`L‡Z †c‡q `ª“Z evwo‡Z wb‡q Av‡m, MÖv‡gi
ISv‡K Avb‡Z †jvK cvVvq| ISv G‡m Svo-dzuK kyi“ K‡i| wKš‘ mgq h‡Zv Movq wRmv‡bi Ae¯’v Z‡Zv Lvivc n‡Z _v‡K| †jvKgy‡L Lei
ky‡b Qy‡U Av‡m ¯^v¯’¨Kg©x gvngy`v| wRmvb‡K `ª“Z miKvwi nvmcvZv‡j wb‡Z e‡j| †¶‡c hvq ISv, gvngy`v‡K fq †`Lvq| gvngy`v KviI K_v bv
ky‡b wRmvb‡K nvmcvZv‡j wb‡q hvq| Rxeb i¶v cvq wRmv‡bi|
K. ÔewncxiÕ bvUKwU KZ mv‡j cÖ_g cyi¯‹vi cvq? 1
L. Ô`ywbqvUv mwZ¨ KwVb cix¶v‡¶ÎÕÑeywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K ISv PwiÎwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb w`KwU Bw½Z K‡i? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔDÏxc‡Ki gvngy`v I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Df‡qi wPš@v-†PZbv GKB avivq DrmvwiZ|Ó ÑDw³wU g–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
11| beg †kÖwY‡Z c‡o Mwie I †gavex QvÎx wigv| nVvr Zvi evev cv‡ki MÖv‡g GK cÖfvekvjxi †Q‡ji mv‡_ Zvi we‡q wVK K‡ib| wKš‘ wigvi ¯^cœ
†jLvcov K‡i A‡bK e‡ov n‡e| PvPv‡Zv fvB mr-mvnmx iwb welqwU Rvb‡Z †c‡i cÖwZev` K‡i Ges Zv‡K cwj‡q †h‡Z e‡j| wKš‘ wigv evevi
Acgv‡bi K_v wPš@v K‡i bv cvwj‡q iwb‡K wb‡q ¯‹z‡ji cÖavb wk¶‡Ki wbKU hvq Ges e¨vcviwU Ly‡j e‡j| wk¶K Zvi evev‡K eywS‡q ej‡j
evev fzj eyS‡Z cv‡ib| GLb wigv Zvi ¯^cœ c–i‡Yi j‡¶¨ g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q †jLvcov Pvwj‡q hv‡”Q|
K. ewncx‡ii g‡Z cyÎ-Kb¨vi wk¶v`x¶vi fvi Kvi Ici? 1
L. ÔAvwg AevK nw”Q †Zvgvi AK…ZÁZv †`‡LÕÑeywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki iwb ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †h Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔDÏxc‡Ki wigv †hb ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv Pwi‡ÎiB cÖwZ”QweÓ| Ñ Dw³wU g–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  94

DËigvjv
eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶v
1 N 2 N 3 K 4 N 5 L 6 L 7 N 8 K 9 L 10 K 11 M 12 L 13 N 14 N 15 N
DËi

16 M 17 N 18 M 19 L 20 N 21 N 22 K 23 M 24 K 25 K 26 L 27 L 28 K 29 N 30 M

m„Rbkxj
cÖkœ  01 MÖvgxY cwi‡e‡k †e‡o IVv meyR I mvwKj mve©¶wYK †gvevBj †dv‡b †g‡Z _v‡K| ZvQvov †Uwjwfk‡b †Ljv †`LvI Zv‡`i
Af¨v‡m cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| Ni †_‡K Zviv †ei“‡ZB Pvq bv| Zv‡`i gv wejwKm †eMg †Q‡j‡`i fwel¨r wb‡q wPwš@Z| KL‡bv Av`i K‡i,
KL‡bvev ivM K‡i †gvevBj †dv‡bi Avmw³ †_‡K Zv‡`i `–‡i ivLvi †Póv K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb, Ô†gvevBj `iKvi wKš‘ †jLvcov mevi
Av‡M `iKvi, evev|Õ
K. bxjgwY ivq †K? 1
L. me©Rqvi K_v eÜ nIqvi Dcµg n‡jv †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K meyR I mvwK‡ji mv‡_ ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi Acy-`yM©vi ˆemv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔDÏxc‡Ki wejwKm †eMg †hb ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi me©Rqvi h_v_© cÖwZwbwa|ÓÑgš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
1bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h bxjgwY ivq n‡jv nwin‡ii ÁvwZ fvB|
i nwini‡K †`Iqv m`‡Mvc †jvKUvi †jvfbxq cÖ¯@v‡ei K_v ky‡b me©Rqvi K_v eÜ nIqvi Dcµg n‡jv|
nwini GKw`b ZvMv`vi Kv‡R `kNivq hvq| †mLv‡b wbPz Rv‡Zi (m`‡Mvc) GK abx e¨w³i mv‡_ Zvi †`Lv nq, †h wK bv eªvþY wn‡m‡e
nwini‡K Rwg-RvqMv w`‡q Zv‡`i MÖv‡g AvkÖq w`‡Z Pvq| nwin‡ii Afv‡ei msmv‡i b–b Avb‡Z cvbZv dziv‡bvi g‡Zv `kv|
GgZve¯’vq nwin‡ii gy‡L m`‡Mvc †jvKwUi Ggb †jvfbxq cÖ¯@v‡ei K_v ky‡b D‡ËRbvq me©Rqvi K_v eÜ nIqvi Dcµg nq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : nwini‡K †`Iqv m`‡Mvc †jvKUvi †jvfbxq cÖ¯@v‡ei K_v ky‡b me©Rqvi K_v eÜ nIqvi Dcµg n‡jv|
j ¯^fvemyjf PÂjZv I cÖK…wZNwbô Rxebhvc‡bi w`K †_‡K meyR I kvwK‡ji mv‡_ Acy-`yM©vi ˆemv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
ÔAvg-AvuwUi †fucyÕ M‡í cÖK…wZi mvwbœ‡a¨ †e‡o IVv Acy-`yM©v bv‡gi `yB wK‡kvi-wK‡kvixi Avbw›`Z Rxe‡bi AvL¨vb Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|
¯^fvemyjf PÂjZv Ges wewPÎ welq wb‡q Zv‡`i we¯§q I †KŠZ‚nj MíwU‡K wfbœ gvÎv w`‡q‡Q, hv cvVKwPˇKI Qu‡y q hvq|
DÏxc‡K meyR I kvwKj bv‡gi `yB wK‡kv‡ii K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| MÖvgxY cwi‡e‡k †e‡o DV‡jI Zviv GLb †gvevBj †dv‡b Avm³|
mvivw`b †gvevBj wb‡q c‡o _vKvq eZ©gv‡b Zviv GKiKg M„new›` Rxebhvcb K‡i| c¶vš@‡i, ÔAvg-AvuwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi Acy-`yM©vi w`b
Kv‡U e‡b ev`v‡o Ny‡i, Gi Ii Mv‡Qi djcvKzi Kzwo‡q| Ae¯’v`„‡ó g‡b nq Zviv †hb cÖK…wZiB mš@vb| Gfv‡e cÖK…wZi mvwbœ‡a¨ †e‡o
IVv‡ZB Zv‡`i Avb›`| Zv‡`i GB ¯^fvemyjf PÂjZv Ges cÖK…wZ NwbôZvi w`KwU DÏxc‡Ki meyR I kvwK‡ji gv‡S †`Lv hvq bv| G
w`K †_‡K meyR I kvwK‡ji mv‡_ Acy-`yM©vi ˆemv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ¯^fvemyjf PÂjZv I cÖK…wZNwbô Rxebhvc‡bi w`K †_‡K meyR I kvwK‡ji mv‡_ Acy-`yM©vi ˆemv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki wejwKm †eMg †hb ÔAvg-AvuwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi me©Rqvi h_v_© cÖwZwbwa|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔAvg-AvuwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi me©Rqv GKRb †øngqx gv| Afv‡ei msmv‡i mš@vb‡`i Lvevi-`vevi ev †cvkvK-Avkv‡Ki h_vh_ e¨e¯’v
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv e‡j Zvi †L‡`i Aš@ †bB| Z‡e Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y mš@vb‡`i mKj cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡Z bv cvi‡jI eyK fiv †øn w`‡q Zv‡`i
AvM‡j iv‡L †m|
DÏxc‡Ki wejwKm †eMg GKRb `vwqZ¡kxj I †øngqx gv| Zvi `yB mš@vb meyR I kvwKj †gvevB‡j Avm³ n‡q c‡o‡Q| GB †gvevBj
Avmw³ Zvi mš@vb‡`i fwel¨r bó K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i| GRb¨ wZwb Zv‡`i wb‡q †ek DwØMœ| G Kvi‡Y wZwb Zv‡`i bvbvfv‡e †evSvb|
KL‡bv KL‡bv Zv‡`i kvmbI K‡ib| kyay ZvB bq, mš@vb‡`i fvwelr wPš@vq wZwb Zv‡`i cov‡kvbvq g‡bv‡hvMx nIqvi K_v e‡jb|
Ggb AvPiY Zvi gvZ…Z¡myjf g‡bvfve‡KB Zz‡j a‡i|
ÔAvg-AvuwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi Ab¨Zg PwiÎ me©Rqv| Afv‡ei msmv‡i mš@vb‡`i mKj cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡Z cv‡ib bv e‡j Zvi Avd‡mv‡mi †kl
†bB| Z‡e ey‡Ki meUzKz †øn w`‡q mš@vb‡`i wZwb AvM‡j ivLvi †Póv K‡ib| Zv‡`i gy‡L Lvevi Zz‡j w`‡Z KL‡bv KL‡bv cÖwZ‡ekx‡`i
†_‡K avi-†`bvI K‡ib| GKBfv‡e, DÏxc‡Ki wejwKm †eMgI me mgq mš@vb‡`i g½‡ji K_v fv‡eb| Zv‡`i D¾¡j fwel¨r wbwðZ
Ki‡Z †gvevBj Avmw³ ev` w`‡q Zv‡`i cov‡kvbvq g‡bv‡hvMx n‡Z civgk© †`b| A_©vr Av‡jvP¨ Mí Ges DÏxc‡K me©Rqv I wejwKm
†eM‡gi mš@vb‡`i cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv I DrKÉvi ga¨ w`‡q AcZ¨‡ø‡ni Awbevh© AvKl©‡Yi w`KwUB dz‡U D‡V‡Q| G w`K we‡ePbvq cÖ‡kœv³
gš@e¨wU h_vh_|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ÒDÏxc‡Ki wejwKm †eMg †hb ÔAvg-AvuwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi me©Rqvi h_v_© cÖwZwbwa|Ó
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cÖkœ  02 we‡qi `k eQi ci †i‡eKvi GKwU cyÎ mš@vb nq| A‡bK mvabvi cy·K e‡ov Ki‡Z wM‡q wZwb `ya, wWg, Kjv, wgwó
GKUvi ci GKUv †Rvi K‡i LvIqv‡Z _v‡Kb| wKš‘ cy‡Îi eqm cuvP eQi n‡jI †m nuvU‡Z cv‡i bv| A¯^vfvweK †gvUv nIqvq Zv‡K
Wv³v‡ii Kv‡Q wb‡q †M‡j Wv³vi e‡jb, Ôeqm I i“wP Abyhvqx hv †L‡Z Pvq Ges hZUzKz †L‡Z cv‡i ZvB LvIqv‡eb| AwZwi³ LvIqvi
Kvi‡Y eq‡mi Zzjbvq †gvUv e‡j nuvUv-wkL‡Z †`wi n‡”Q|Õ
K. wk¶K Kx‡mi mÜvb w`‡Z cv‡ib? 1
L. †ckv`vi‡`i gnvåvwš@ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki †i‡eKvi gvbwmKZvq ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †h w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔDÏxc‡Ki Wv³v‡ii e³‡e¨i g‡a¨B cÖg_ †PŠayixi AvKv¸¶vi cÖwZaŸwb N‡U‡QÕÑgš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv wbi–cY K‡iv| 4
2bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h wk¶K wk¶v_©x‡`i g‡bviv‡R¨i Hk¦‡h©i mÜvb w`‡Z cv‡ib|
i †ckv`vi‡`i gnvåvwš@ ej‡Z Zv‡`i mvwnZ¨PP©v Z_v eB cov‡K wbi_©K g‡b Kivi welqwU‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
Avgv‡`i †`‡k †ckv`vi †kÖwY †hgb- Wv³vi, DwKj cÖf…wZ †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ e¨w³iv Zv‡`i †ckvMZ †¶‡Î mivmwi Kv‡R Av‡m bv Ggb
†h-†Kv‡bv eB cov‡K wbi_©K e‡j g‡b K‡ib| Zv‡`i Kv‡Q GmKj eB covi A_© e„_v mgq bó| A_P eB covq †h Rvbvi cwiwa e„w×
cvq, Avi Zv †h †Kej Zv‡`i AvÍxK I gvbwmK weKv‡k Myi“Z¡c–Y© f‚wgKv iv‡L G welqwU Zviv †gv‡UI Avg‡j †bq bv| msMZ Kvi‡Y
Av‡jvP¨ cÖe‡Ü †ckv`vi‡`i Ggb msKxY© g‡bvfve‡K cÖvewÜK †ckv`vi‡`i gnvåvwš@ e‡j AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb|
Dˇii g–jK_v : †ckv`vi‡`i gnvåvwš@ ej‡Z Zv‡`i mvwnZ¨PP©v Z_v eB cov‡K wbi_©K g‡b Kivi welqwU‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
j DÏxc‡Ki †i‡eKvi gvbwmKZvq ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi wk¶K‡`i †Rvi K‡i we‡`¨ †Mjv‡bvi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi cÖvewÜK j¶ K‡i‡Qb, Avgv‡`i wk¶ve¨e¯’vq wk¶K wk¶v_©x‡`i AvMÖn I m¶gZvi w`K wePvi bv K‡iB wk¶v_©x‡`i
Ici wbw`©ó welqwfwËK wk¶v †Rvi K‡i Pvwc‡q †`Iqv nq| G ai‡bi wk¶vq wk¶v_©x‡`i AvÍxK DbœwZ †Zv nqB bv eis Zv wk¶v_©x‡`i
wk¶v MÖn‡Yi B”Qv‡KB bó K‡i †`q|
DÏxc‡Ki †i‡eKv Zvi mš@v‡bi AvMÖn I i“wPi cÖwZ †Lqvj bv †i‡LB Zv‡K bvbv ai‡bi Dcv‡`q Lv`¨e¯‘ †Rvi K‡i LvIqv‡Z _v‡K|
Gi d‡j Zvi mš@vb gywU‡q hvq Ges bvbv ai‡bi kvixwiK mgm¨v †`Lv †`q| G‡¶‡Î bv ey‡S †Rvi K‡i LvIqv‡bvB †i‡eKvi mš@v‡bi
D™¢–Z mgm¨vi KviY| GKBfv‡e, ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡ÜI cÖvewÜK Avgv‡`i †`‡ki wk¶K‡`i wk¶v_©x‡`i AvMÖn i“wPi w`K we‡ePbv bv K‡iB
†Rvi K‡i wk¶v Pvwc‡q †`Iqvi †Póvi K_v e‡j‡Qb, †hgbwU DÏxc‡Ki †i‡eKvi mš@vb‡K †Rvi K‡i LvIqv‡bvi †¶‡ÎI cwijw¶Z
nq| G we‡ePbvq DÏxc‡Ki †i‡eKvi gvbwmKZvq ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi wk¶K‡`i †Rvi K‡i we‡`¨ †Mjv‡bvi w`KwUB dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki †i‡eKvi gvbwmKZvq ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi wk¶K‡`i †Rvi K‡i we‡`¨ †Mjv‡bvi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki Wv³v‡ii e³‡e¨i g‡a¨B cÖg_ †PŠayixi AvKv¸¶vi cÖwZaŸwb N‡U‡Q|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü cÖvewÜK Avgv‡`i cÖPwjZ wk¶v e¨e¯’vi ΓwUi K_v Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| G ai‡bi e¨e¯’vq wk¶v_©xi Awfi“wP‡K AMÖvn¨
K‡i Zv‡K wbw`©ó wel‡q co‡Z eva¨ Kiv nq| d‡j wk¶vi cÖwZ Zvi AvMÖnB webó n‡q hvq| G‡¶‡Î wk¶v_©x‡`i i“wPgvwdK Avb›`gq
wk¶vc×wZB cv‡i Zv‡`i h_v_© wkw¶Z K‡i Zzj‡Z|
DÏxc‡Ki †i‡eKv we‡qi `xN©Kvj ci cyÎ mš@v‡bi gv nq| ZvB cy·K my¯’ I mej K‡i Zzj‡Z †m AwZwi³ cwigv‡Y wewfbœ ai‡bi
Dcv‡`q Lvevi LvIqvq| G‡Z K‡i Zvi cyÎ gywU‡q hvq Ges bvbv ai‡bi kvixwiK mgm¨vq cwZZ nq| welqwU ch©‡e¶Y K‡i Wv³vi
mv‡ne Zvi mš@vb‡K AwZwi³ Lvevi w`‡Z gvbv K‡ib Ges mš@v‡bi AvMÖn I i“wP Abyhvqx Zv‡K Lvevi LvIqv‡Z civgk© †`b|
ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü cÖvewÜK eB covi Myi“Z¡ Zz‡j ai‡Z wM‡q Avgv‡`i ΓwUc–Y© wk¶ve¨e¯’v m¤•‡K©I Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i‡Qb| wZwb
†`wL‡q‡Qb, Avgv‡`i cÖPwjZ wk¶ve¨e¯’vq wk¶v_x©‡`i i“wP I Pvwn`vi K_v wPš@v bv K‡i GKiKg †Rvi K‡iB wbw`©ó welq wk¶v_©x‡`i
Dci Pvwc‡q †`Iqv nq| d‡j wk¶v_x©‡`i AvÍkw³ bó nq Ges covi cÖwZ AvMÖnB g‡i hvq| G Kvi‡Y cÖvewÜK wk¶v_©x‡`i Awfi“wP I
cQ›` Abyhvqx cvVvMv‡i wM‡q wk¶MÖn‡Yi K_v e‡j‡Qb, hv Zv‡`i h_v_© wkw¶Z K‡i Zzj‡e| GKBfv‡e, DÏxc‡Ki Wv³viI †i‡eKv‡K
mš@v‡bi AvMÖn I Pvwn`v Abyhvqx Lvevi w`‡Z e‡j‡Qb, hv GKv‡_© Av‡jvP¨ cÖe‡Üi cÖvew܇Ki g‡bvfv‡ei mgvš@ivj| G w`K
we‡ePbvq cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_vh_|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Wv³v‡ii e³‡e¨i g‡a¨B cÖg_ †PŠayixi AvKv¸¶vi cÖwZaŸwb N‡U‡Q|
cÖkœ  03 Ô†`k‡K Ggbfv‡e ¯^vaxb Kie, hv‡Z †`‡ki mevB `iRv †Lvjv †i‡L Nygv‡Z cv‡iÕ, G g–jgš¿ wb‡q gyw³hy‡× †b‡gwQ‡jb
mvnmx mv‡R©›U gwn Avjg †PŠayix| wZwb cÖwZwU Acv‡ikb m¤§yL †_‡K cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zb| wKš‘ mvabcyi †evW© Awdm wgwjUvwi K¨v¤•
Acv‡ik‡bi mgq inm¨RbKfv‡e wZwb aiv c‡ob Ges Zv‡`i wbg©g AZ¨vPv‡i kwn` nb| GiKg AmsL¨ gwn Avjg wgwjUvwi‡`i
AZ¨vPv‡i cÖvY nvivb|
K. ÔAvjwU‡gUvgÕ Kx? 1
L. gyw³‡dŠR! K_vUv GZ fvix †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. ÔÔDÏxc‡Ki wgwjUvwi‡`i Kg©KvÊ ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi mv‡_ Kxfv‡e m¤•wK©ZÓÑe¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔDÏxc‡K gwn Avjg †PŠayix Avi ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi i“wgi †PZbv GKB m–‡Î Muv_v|ÓÑDw³wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
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3bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h ÔAvjwU‡gUvgÕ n‡jv P‚ovš@ mgq wba©viY|
i cvwK¯@vwb wgwjUvwi Øviv Aei“× †`k‡K gy³ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ MwVZ n‡q‡Q e‡jB gyw³‡dŠR K_vUv GZ fvix|
1971 mv‡ji gyw³hy×Kvjxb cvwK¯@vwb mvgwiK evwnbx G‡`‡ki gvby‡li Dci AK_¨ wbh©vZb I nZ¨vhÁ Pvjvq| Zviv XvKvmn
mviv‡`k‡KB GKiKg Aei“× K‡i iv‡L| GiKg Aei“× cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †`k‡K kΓgy³ Kivi Myi“fvi Kuv‡a Zz‡j †bq gyw³evwnbx| msMZ
Kvi‡YB gyw³‡dŠR K_vwU †jwLKvi Kv‡Q fvix g‡b nq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : cvwK¯@vwb wgwjUvwi Øviv Aei“× †`k‡K gy³ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ MwVZ n‡q‡Q e‡jB gyw³‡dŠR K_vUv GZ fvix|
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ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvq †jwLKv wbR AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K gyw³hy×Kvjxb Aei“× cwiw¯’wZi GKwU ev¯@e wPÎ Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| Avi Zv
Ki‡Z wM‡q wZwb gyw³hy‡×i mgq cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi evwnbxi wbg©g AZ¨vPvi I nZ¨vh‡Ái K_vI eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Zv‡`i Ab¨vq AvMÖvmb
I aŸsmh‡Ái Kvi‡Y †mmgq gvby‡li Rxeb `ytmn n‡q D‡VwQj|
DÏxc‡Ki gwn Avjg †PŠayix bv‡gi GK mv‡R©‡›Ui K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| †`kevmxi me©v½xb gyw³i j¶¨ wb‡q cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi‡`i wei“‡×
hy‡× †b‡gwQ‡jb wZwb| wKš‘ `yf©vM¨µ‡g mvabcyi †evW© Awdm wgwjUvwi K¨v‡¤• Acv‡ikb Pvjv‡bvi mgq kΓ‡mbvi nv‡Z aiv c‡o hvb
wZwb| Ae‡k‡l Zv‡`i AK_¨ wbhv©Z‡bi wkKvi n‡q GKw`b gviv hvb| DÏxc‡K dz‡U IVv cvwK¯@vwb wgwjUvwi‡`i Ggb b„ksmZvi K_v
ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvqI GKBfv‡e dz‡U D‡V‡Q| †mLv‡b †jwLKv cvwK¯@vwb †mbv‡`i nv‡Z wbnZ AmsL¨ gvby‡li jvk b`x‡Z †f‡m
hvIqvi D‡jÐL K‡i‡Qb| Gw`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki wgwjUvwi‡`i Kg©KvÊ ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi mv‡_ m¤•wK©Z|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Ab¨vq-AZ¨vPv‡ii w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki wgwjUvwi‡`i Kg©KvÊ ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi mv‡_ m¤•wK©Z|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki gwn Avjg †PŠayix Avi ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi i“gxi †PZbv GKB m–‡Î Muv_v|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ GKwU gyw³hy×wfwËK ¯§„wZPviYg–jK iPbv| msMZ Kvi‡Y iPbvwU †jwLKvi ZrKvjxb ev¯@e AwfÁZviB eqvb|
GiB Ask wn‡m‡e †mLv‡b †jwLKvi mš@vb i“gxi gyw³hy‡× †hvM`vb Ges †`kgvZ…Kvi gyw³i Rb¨ Zuvi AvÍZ¨v‡Mi K_KZvI dz‡U D‡V‡Q,
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DÏxc‡K gwn Avjg †PŠayix bv‡gi GKRb gyw³‡hv×vi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| †ckvq wZwb cywjk mv‡R©›U wQ‡jb| wKš‘ 1971 mv‡j gyw³hy×
kyi“ n‡j gvZ…f‚wg‡K i¶v Ki‡Z wZwb gyw³hy‡× †hvM †`b| G‡¶‡Î †`kevmxi ¯^vaxbZv I wbivcËvB wQj Zvi hy‡× AskMÖn‡Yi g–j
D‡Ïk¨| Z‡e cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi‡`i wei“‡× Acv‡ikb Pvjv‡bvi mgq `yf©vM¨RbKfv‡e wZwb Zv‡`i nv‡Z aiv c‡ob Ges wbh©vwZZ n‡q
g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib| Zvi GB Av`‡k©i w`KwU Av‡jvP¨ iPbvi i“gxi gv‡SI GKBfv‡e j¶ Kiv hvq|
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G‡`‡ki kvwš@wcÖq gvbyl gvZ…f‚wg‡K i¶v Ki‡Z hy‡× AeZxY© nq| gvZ…f‚wgi ¯^vaxbZv Ges †`kevmxi kvwš@c–Y© I wbivc` Rxebhvcb
wbwðZ KivB wQj Zv‡`i g–j D‡Ïk¨, †hgbwU DÏxc‡Ki mv‡R©›U gwn Avjg †PŠayix I Av‡jvP¨ iPbvi i“gxi Kg©Kv‡Ê cwijw¶Z nq| G
w`K we‡ePbvq cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_vh_ A_©en|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki gwn Avjg †PŠayix Avi ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi i“gxi †PZbv GKB m–‡Î Muv_v|
cÖkœ  04 wek¦Kwe iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi Zvi ÔcyivZb f…Z¨Õ KweZvq cyivZb f…Z¨ †Kóv m¤•‡K© e‡j‡QbÑ
(i) wZbLvbv w`‡j GKLvbv iv‡L, evwK †Kv_v bvwn Rv‡b;
GKLvbv w`‡j wb‡gl †dwj‡Z wZbLvbv K‡i Av‡b|
†hLv‡b †mLv‡b w`e‡m-`ycy‡i wb`ªvwU Av‡Q mvav|
(ii) N‡ii KΩx i“¶ g–wZ© e‡j, Avi cvwi bv‡Kv
iwnj †Zvgvi G Ni, `yqvi, †Kóv‡i j‡q _v‡Kv|
ky‡b gnv †e‡M Qy‡U hvB †i‡M Avwb Zvi wUwK a‡i;
ewj Zv‡i ÔcvwR †ei n ZzB AvRB, `–i K‡i w`by †Zv‡i|Õ
K. ggZvw`i Kcv‡ji ¶ZUv Kx‡mi g‡Zv? 1
L. ggZvw`i `y‡PvL mRj n‡q DVj †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxcK (ii)-G N‡ii KΩxi mv‡_ ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi †Qv‡UvKZ©vi gv‡qi ˆemv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔmv`„k¨ _vK‡jI DÏxcK (i)-G †Kóv ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw` n‡q DV‡Z cv‡iwbÓÑgš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
4bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h ggZvw`i Kcv‡ji ¶ZUv Av›`v‡R civ wU‡ci g‡Zv|
i K…ZÁZvq ggZvw`i †PvL mRj n‡q DVj|
Pvi gvm hver ¯^vgxi PvKwi bv _vKvq ggZvw`i msmv‡i Afve-AbUb †b‡g Av‡m| Ae‡k‡l AvZ¥m¤§vb‡ev‡ai c‡ivqv bv K‡i †m GKwU
evwo‡Z M„nKg©xi KvR †bq| †mLv‡b Zvi gvB‡b wVK nq c‡b‡iv UvKv; hv wQj Zvi cÖZ¨vkvi †P‡qI †ewk| ZvB H evwoi gvby‡li cÖwZ
K…ZÁZvq Zvi †PvL mRj n‡q DVj|
Dˇii g–jK_v : K…ZÁZvq ggZvw`i †PvL mRj n‡q DVj|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  97

j M„nKgx©‡`i cÖwZ m`q I gvbweK AvPi‡Yi w`K †_‡K DÏxcK (ii)-Gi M„nKÎx©i mv‡_ ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi †QvUKZ©vi gv‡qi ˆemv`„k¨
i‡q‡Q|
ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw` GKRb `¶ M„nKg©x| gh©v`vm¤•bœ N‡ii †g‡q n‡qI Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y eva¨ n‡q Zv‡K MíK_K‡`i evwo‡Z
M„nKg©xi KvR wb‡Z nq| Z‡e Aíw`‡bi g‡a¨B †m evwoi mK‡j Zv‡K Avcb K‡i †bq| we‡kl K‡i MíK_‡Ki gv me©`vB Zvi cÖwZ
mnvbyf‚wZkxj †_‡K‡Q, hv ggZvw`‡K cwieviwUi mv‡_ AvÍxK e܇b Ave× K‡i‡Q|
DÏxcK (ii)-Gi KweZvs‡k GK M„nKg©xi g‡bvhvZbvi K_v dz‡U D‡V‡Q| `vwi‡`ª¨i Kvi‡Y eva¨ n‡q Zv‡K A‡b¨i evwo‡Z KvR wb‡Z nq|
wKš‘ †m evwoi M„nKÎx© i“¶ ¯^fv‡ei gvbyl| wZwb cÖvqB H M„nKg©xi mv‡_ AZ¨š@ ev‡R AvPiY K‡ib| GgbwK kvixwiKfv‡e jvwÃZ K‡i
Zv‡K evwo †Q‡o P‡j †h‡Z e‡jb| c¶vš@‡i, ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi †Qv‡UvKZ©v Z_v MíK_‡Ki gv me©`vB ggZvw`i cÖwZ mnvbyf‚wZkxj
wQ‡jb| Zvi Avš@wiKZvi Kvi‡YB ggZvw` G evwo‡Z PvKwi Qvovi K_v fve‡Z cv‡ibwb| A_©vr DÏxcK (ii)-Gi KweZvs‡ki M„nKÎx©
AZ¨vPvix I i“¶ ¯^fv‡ei gvbyl n‡jI ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi K_‡Ki gv ggZvw`i cÖwZ wQ‡jb AZ¨š@ mnvbyf‚wZkxj| Gw`K †_‡K Zv‡`i g‡a¨
ˆemv`„k¨ cÖZxqgvb nq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : M„nKgx©‡`i cÖwZ m`q I gvbweK AvPi‡Yi w`K †_‡K DÏxcK (ii)-Gi M„nKÎx©i mv‡_ ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi †Qv‡UvKZ©vi gv‡qi ˆemv`„k¨
i‡q‡Q|
k Òmv`„k¨ _vK‡jI DÏxcK (i)-Gi †Kóv ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw` n‡q DV‡Z cv‡iwb|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw` GKRb e¨w³Z¡m¤•bœ bvix| ¯^vgxi PvKwi bv _vKvq msmv‡ii nvj ai‡Z GKiKg eva¨ n‡qB †m M„nKgx©i KvR
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cwiYZ nq|
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†gv‡UI g‡bv‡hvM †bB| Avi ZvB wZbwU wRwbm Zv‡K MywQ‡q ivL‡Z w`‡j GKwU ivL‡jI evwKMy‡jv †m †Kv_vq iv‡L Zv †m wVKg‡Zv
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wn‡m‡e †m A`¶| G Kvi‡YB wb‡Ri Dci Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ †m h_vh_fv‡e cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Avi ZvB ggZvw`i `vwqZ¡kxjZv I
Kg©wbôvi mv‡_ Zvi Zzjbv P‡j bv| G w`K we‡ePbvq cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_vh_|
Dˇii g–jK_v : mv`„k¨ _vK‡jI DÏxcK (i)-Gi †Kóv ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw` n‡q DV‡Z cv‡iwb|
cÖkœ  05 eûw`b c‡i g‡b c‡o AvwR cwjÐgv‡qi †Kvj
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Ag„‡Zi ¯^v` †hb jwfqvwQ Muv‡qi `yjvjx †g‡q|
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L. ÔAvi wK †n n‡e †`Lv?ÕÑ Kwe GK_v e‡j‡Qb †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi mv`„k¨MZ Abyf‚wZ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔDÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ Abyf‚wZi Aš@iv‡j †h fvewU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q Zv-B ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq Kwei g–j †PZbvÓÑgš@e¨wU
h_v_©Zv wbi–cY K‡iv| 4
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Dˇii g–jK_v : Kwei msk‡qi KviY Zuvi ¯^‡`‡ki mvwbœa¨ jv‡fi AwbðqZv|
j DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi mv`„k¨MZ Abyf‚wZwU n‡jv ˆkk‡ei ¯§„wZ †ivgš’b|
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Ae¯’vb Ki‡jI wcÖq G b‡`i K_v wZwb gyn–‡Z©i Rb¨I we¯§„Z n‡Z cv‡ibwb|
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DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡k Kwe Zuvi ˆkk‡ei ¯§„wZ †ivgš’b K‡i‡Qb| Kwei ˆkke †K‡U‡Q cwjÐMÖv‡g| msMZ Kvi‡YB †mmgq cÖK…wZNwbó
Rxeb wQj Zvi| Avi ZvB AvR eûw`b ciI †mB cÖK…wZNwbô Rxebhvcb Ges cwjÐMÖv‡gi bvbv Drm‡ei K_v g‡b co‡Q Zuvi| GKBfv‡e,
ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvqI Kwe Zuvi ˆkk‡ei ¯§„wZweRwoZ K‡cvZv‡¶i K_v ¯§iY K‡i‡Qb| e¯‘Z, ˆkk‡ei wcÖq G b‡`i mv‡_ Kwe
AvÍxK e܇b Ave×| ZvB cÖev‡mi PvKwPK¨ ¶wY‡Ki Rb¨I G b‡`i K_v Zuvi gb †_‡K gy‡Q w`‡Z cv‡iwb| Av‡jvP¨ KweZvq
K‡cvZv¶‡K wN‡i cÖKvwkZ GB ¯§„wZKvZiZvi Abyf‚wZB DÏxc‡K wfbœ †cÖ¶vc‡U dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi mv`„k¨MZ Abyf‚wZwU n‡jv ˆkk‡ei ¯§„wZ †ivgš’b|
k DÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ ¯§„wZKvZiZvi Abyf‚wZi Aš@iv‡j gvZ…f‚wgi cÖwZ Kwei Mfxi ggZ¡‡eva cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q, hv ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ
KweZvi KweiI gv‡SI GKBfv‡e cwijw¶Z nq|
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n‡q‡Q| e¯‘Z, ˆkk‡ei wcÖq G b`‡K wN‡iB wZwb gvZ…f‚wgi cÖwZ Zuvi ü`qv‡e‡Mi ewntcÖKvk NwU‡q‡Qb| KweZvi cy‡ivfvM Ry‡o G
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ZeyI Rxeb-RxweKvi ZvwM‡` AvR †mLvb †_‡K wZwb eû `–‡i| Z‡e `–‡i †_‡KI wcÖq gvZ…f‚wg I †mLvbKvi cÖK…wZNwbô Rxe‡bi K_v
wZwb fzj‡Z cv‡ibwb| Avi ZvB eûw`b ciI †mme K_v g‡b K‡i wZwb Av‡eMvcÐyZ nb| DÏxc‡K dz‡U IVv Kwei GB ¯§„wZKvZiZvi
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GZUv e¨vKzj| GKBfv‡e, DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡ki KweI ˆkke¯§„wZi D‡jÐL K‡i e¨vKzjZv cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| Kwe؇qi GB e¨vKzjZv g–jZ
Zuv‡`i gvZ…f‚wgcÖxwZiB bvgvš@i| †Kbbv, gvZ…f‚wg‡K fv‡jvev‡mb e‡jB †mLvbKvi cÖK…wZi wewfbœ Abyl‡½i K_v †f‡e Zuviv AvKzj
n‡q‡Qb| G w`K we‡ePbvq cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_vh_|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ ¯§„wZKvZiZvi Abyf‚wZi Aš@iv‡j gvZ…f‚wgi cÖwZ Kwei Mfxi ggZ¡‡eva cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q, hv ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ
KweZvi KweiI gv‡SI GKBfv‡e cwijw¶Z nq|
cÖkœ  06 (i) †Zvgvi †fv‡Mi n«vm nq cv‡Q wf¶v-gywó w`‡j,
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gvby‡li ey‡K †hUzKz †`eZv †e`bv-gw_Z myav,
ZvB, jy‡U Zzwg Lv‡e cky? Zzwg Zv w`‡q wgUv‡e ¶zav?
K. ÔdzKvwiÕ A_© Kx? 1
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M. DÏxcK- (i) ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi †h welqwUi Bw½Z enb K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔDÏxcK- (ii) †hb ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi Kwei g–j †PZbv‡K aviYv K‡i‡Q|ÓÑg–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
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h ÔdzKvwiÕ A_© wPrKvi K‡i|
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mnmv gw›`‡ii `iRv eÜ K‡i AgvbywlK KvRwU Kij|
Dˇii g–jK_v : wfLvwi‡K Lvevi w`‡j cy‡ivwn‡Zi †Kv‡bv ¯^v_© D×vi n‡e bv, ZvBÑ Ômnmv eÜ n‡jv gw›`i|Õ
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bvivR| GKBfv‡e, ÔgvbylÕ KweZvqI Kwe Ô†gvjÐv-cy‡ivwnZÕ Pwi‡Îi ga¨ w`‡q GiKg ¯^v_©vÜ gvbyl‡`i K_v Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| Zv‡`i
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Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxcK (i)-Gi KweZvsk ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi †gvjÐv-cy‡ivwn‡Zi ¯^v_©ci gvbwmKZvi cÖwZ Bw½Z K‡i|
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k ÔÔDÏxcK (ii) †hb ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi Kwei g–j †PZbv‡K aviY K‡i‡Q|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq Kwei mvg¨ev`x `„wófw½ cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| mgvR m‡PZb Kwe †mLv‡b mKj we‡f‡`i E‡aŸ© GK D`vi I mvg¨ev`x
mgv‡Ri cÖZ¨vkv K‡i‡Qb, †hLv‡b gvbyl g–j¨vwqZ n‡e gvbyl cwiP‡qi wbwi‡L| Avi Zv Ki‡Z wM‡q wZwb ¯^v_©ci I K‚cgÊyK e¨w³‡`i
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DÏxcK (ii)-Gi KweZvs‡k Av͇Kw›`ªK I ¯^v_©ci gvbyl‡`i ¯^iƒc D‡š§vPb Kiv n‡q‡Q| gvbweK‡eva‡K RjvÄjx w`‡q‡Q e‡jB GmKj
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GK mgv‡Ri cÖZ¨vkv Kiv n‡q‡Q| DÏxcK (ii)-Gi KweZvs‡k GmKj wel‡qi D‡jÐL †bB| †mLv‡b †Kej G KweZvi GKwU w`K Z_v
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Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxcK (ii) †hb ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi Kwei g–j †PZbv‡K aviY K‡i‡Q|
cÖkœ  07 ¯@eKÑ1 :
GKevi we`vq †` gv Ny‡i Avwm|
nvwm nvwm cie duvwm
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wn›`y gymwjg `ywU fvB
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M. ¯@eK-1-G ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi †h welqwU wb‡`©k K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
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cÖv_©bv Ki‡Qb wZwb| GKBfv‡e, ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvqI Kwe ¯^vaxb I mve©‡fŠg RvwZmËv wn‡m‡e evOvwji AvÍcÖKv‡ki †cQ‡b
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ga¨ w`‡qB evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxbZv jvf K‡i| DÏxc‡Ki ¯@eK-1 Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi G welqwU‡KB wb‡`©k K‡i|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki ¯@eK-1 ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq dz‡U IVv gyw³i Rb¨ evOvwj‡`i AvÍZ¨v‡Mi welqwU‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  100

k DÏxc‡Ki ¯@eK-2 G evOvwji HK¨‡PZbvi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q, hv‡K ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq evOvwji exRgš¿ e‡j D‡jÐL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
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GB HK¨‡PZbvi w`KwU ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZv‡ZI GKBfv‡e cwijw¶Z nq|
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evOvwji nvRvi eQ‡ii †MŠiegq BwZnvm, ms¯‹…wZ I HwZwn¨K Abyl½mg–n‡K DÌvcb K‡i‡Qb| KweZvwU‡Z wZwb †`wL‡q‡Qb evOvwj
RvwZi GB c_-cwiµgv †gv‡UI mnR wQj bv| bvbv Av‡›`vjb-we‡`ªvn I gZv`‡k©i weKv‡ki ga¨ w`‡q G RvwZ AvR‡Ki Ae¯’v‡b G‡m
†cuŠ‡Q‡Q| Avi nvRvi eQ‡ii `xN© GB c_Pjvq cvi¯•wiK HK¨ I msnwZB wQj Zv‡`i g–j †cÖiYv, hv‡K Kwe evOvwji exRgš¿ e‡j
AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb| GKBfv‡e, DÏxc‡Ki ¯@eK-2 GI fviZe‡l©i †cÖ¶vc‡U RvZxq H‡K¨i K_vB cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| G w`K we‡ePbvq
cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_vh_ A_©en|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki ¯@eK-2 G evOvwji HK¨‡PZbvi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q, hv‡K ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq evOvwji exRgš¿ e‡j D‡jÐL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÖkœ  08 ¯@eK-1 :
nVvr kywb M‡R© I‡V/e›`yK Ges †evgv
gvÕ†K †W‡K ejj †Q‡j/Kuvc‡Q AvKvk I gv|
†`L‡jb gv Rvbvjv w`‡q/mviv kni XvKv
R¡j‡Q Ges cyo‡Q kyay/iv¯@vMy‡jv duvKv|
¯@eK-2 :
†gviv bZzb GKwU KweZv wjL‡Z hy× Kwi
†gviv bZzb GKwU Mv‡bi Rb¨ hy× Kwi
†gviv GKLvbv fv‡jv Qwei Rb¨ hy× Kwi,
†gviv mviv we‡k¦i kvwš@ euvPv‡Z AvR‡K jwo|
K. eyav Kxfv‡e Mvb †k‡L? 1
L. eyavi we‡`wk gvbyl Ges wb‡R‡`i gvbyl mevi Ici N„Yv evo‡Z _v‡K †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. ¯@eK-1-G ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav †hb ¯@eK-2-Gi †PZbv‡K aviY K‡i‡QÕÑg–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
8bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h eyav AvLovq Mvb ky‡b Mvb wk‡L|
i gyw³hy×Kvjxb G‡`‡ki wKQy †jvK ¯^RvwZi mv‡_ wek¦vmNvZKZv K‡i AZ¨vPvwi we‡`wk wgwjUvwi‡`i mv‡_ nvZ †gjvq e‡j we‡`wk
GmKj gvby‡li mv‡_ †`wk gvbyl‡`i cÖwZI eyavi N„Yv evo‡Z _v‡K |
1971 mv‡ji gyw³hy‡×i mgq cvwK¯@vwb wgwjUvwiiv G‡`‡ki gvby‡li Ici AK_¨ wbh©vZb Pvjvq| Zv‡`i AZ¨vPvi-wbh©vZ‡b G`‡ki eû
†jvK gviv hvq| †mmgq G‡`‡ki wKQy †jvK †`k I RvwZi mv‡_ wek¦vmNvZKZv K‡i AZ¨vPvix wgwjUvwi‡`i mv‡_ AvuZvZ K‡i| G
Kvi‡Y we‡`wk GmKj †mbvi cvkvcvwk wek¦vmNvZK †`kxq †jvK‡`i cÖwZI eyavi g‡b N„Yv ˆZwi nq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : gyw³hy×Kvjxb G‡`‡ki wKQy †jvK we‡`wk wgwjUvwi‡`i mv‡_ nvZ †gjvq e‡j we‡`wk GmKj gvby‡li mv‡_ †`wk gvbyl‡`i cÖwZI
eyavi N„Yv evo‡Z _v‡K |
j ¯@eK-1 G ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m wea„Z cvwK¯@vwb ˆmb¨‡`i nZ¨vhÁ I aŸsmjxjvi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m Jcb¨vwmK MÖvgxY cUf‚wg‡Z G‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i GKwU wek¦¯@ Qwe Gu‡K‡Qb| Dcb¨vmwU‡Z wZwb cvwK¯@vwb
ˆmb¨‡`i Ab¨vq-AvMÖvmb I mvaviY RbRxe‡bi Ici gyw³hy‡×i cÖfve‡K ¯•ó K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb| †mmgq Zv‡`i AZ¨vPv‡i mgMÖ †`kevmxi
Rxe‡b †hb wech©q †b‡g G‡mwQj|
DÏxc‡Ki ¯@eK-1 evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i †cÖ¶vc‡U †jLv| KweZvskwU‡Z gyw³hy×Kvjxb cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi evwnbxi aŸsmjxjv‡K
Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b †`Lv hvq, †Mvjvi k‡ã fxZ mš@vb gv‡K †W‡K Av‡b| Avi gv Rvbvjv Ly‡j evB‡i fxlY AwMœKv‡Êi `„k¨
†`L‡Z cvb| Av‡jvP¨ KweZvskwU‡Z dz‡U IVv GB aŸsmh‡Ái K_v ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mI GKBfv‡e dz‡U D‡V‡Q| †mLv‡bI Zv‡`i
nZ¨v-wbh©vZb I evRvi cywo‡q †`Iqvi g‡Zv NUbvi D‡jÐL Kiv n‡q‡Q| †mB AvMy‡b eyav‡`i MÖv‡gi A‡b‡K cy‡o gviv hvq| †m we‡ePbvq
¯@eK-1 G ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m wea„Z cvwK¯@vwb ˆmb¨‡`i nZ¨vhÁ I aŸsmjxjvi w`KwUB dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ¯@eK-1 G ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m wea„Z cvwK¯@vwb ˆmb¨‡`i nZ¨vhÁ I aŸsmjxjvi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  101

k ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ gyw³hy‡× †hvM`v‡bi w`K †_‡K ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav ¯@eK-2 Gi †PZbv‡K aviY K‡i‡Q|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ GKwU gyw³hy×wfwËK Dcb¨vm| G Dcb¨v‡m Jcb¨vwmK gyw³hy‡×i mgq †`kevmxi Ici cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi evwnbxi
AvMÖvmb, mvaviY RbRxe‡bi Ici Gi AwfNvZ Ges GiB Ask wn‡m‡e †`k‡K kΓgy³ Ki‡Z gyw³‡hv×v‡`i ZrciZvi K_v ewY©Z
n‡q‡Q| Dcb¨vmwUi †K›`ªxq PwiÎ eyav GgbB GKRb wK‡kvi gyw³‡hv×v|
DÏxc‡Ki ¯@eK-2 G hv wKQy gnr I my›`i Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvR‡b hy‡× AskMÖn‡Yi Rb¨ AvnŸvb Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Av‡jvP¨ AskwUi
Kwe g‡b K‡ib GKwU dzj, GKwU gnr KweZv, GKwU Mvb ev GKwU KvjRqx wP‡Îi Rb¨ Ackw³i wei“‡× msMÖv‡g wjß nIqvB
evÃbxq| Gi ga¨ w`‡q ¯@eKwU‡Z wek¦e¨vcx AZ¨vPvwiZ gvby‡li gyw³i Rb¨ Ges kvwš@ i¶vi Rb¨ hy‡×i AeZxY© nIqvi cÖvmw½KZvB
Zvrch©c–Y©fv‡e dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †K›`ªxq PwiÎ eyav| G Dcb¨v‡m eyav GKRb mvnmx wK‡kvi I Ly‡` gyw³‡hv×v| cwiev‡ii mK‡ji g„Zz¨i ci
MÖvgevmx‡KB Avcb K‡i wb‡qwQj †m| wKš‘ †Pv‡Li mvg‡b †mB MÖvgevmxi Ici cvwK¯@vwb †mbv‡`i nZ¨v-wbh©vZb †`‡L †m dzu‡m I‡V
Ges wbR MÖvg †_‡K we‡`wk kΓ‡`i wbwðý Ki‡Z hy‡× Ask †bq| G‡¶‡Î kΓevwnbxi nvZ †_‡K gyw³ Ges ¯^vaxbZv jvfB wQj Zvi
hy‡× AskMÖn‡Yi D‡Ïk¨| GKBfv‡e, DÏxc‡Ki ¯@eK-2 GI Kwe cÖZxKvkÖ‡q wbcxwoZ gvby‡li gyw³ I kvwš@ cÖwZôvi Rb¨ hy‡×i
AvnŸvb Rvwb‡q‡Qb, hv Av‡jvP¨ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi fvebviB mgvš@ivj| G w`K we‡ePbvq cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_vh_|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ gyw³hy‡× †hvM`v‡bi w`K †_‡K ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav ¯@eK-2 Gi †PZbv‡K aviY K‡i‡Q|
cÖkœ  09 mvfv‡ii ivbv cÐvRvi feb a‡m c‡o Kg©iZ `¤•wZ †mwjbv I wicb wbnZ nq| wKš‘ †eu‡P hvq evmvq _vKv mvZ eQ‡ii
†Q‡j ivgxg| wcZv-gvZv nviv †Q‡jwU‡K ey‡K †U‡b †bq evwoi gvwjK Kv‡`i Lv‡bi ¯¿x gwR©bv| wb‡Ri †Q‡j-†g‡q‡`i fwel¨‡Zi K_v
wPš@v K‡i Kv‡`i Lvb ivwR bv n‡jI gwR©bv ivgxg‡K wb‡Ri mš@v‡bi g‡Zv ¯‹z‡j w`‡q †jLv-covi e¨e¯’v K‡ib|
K. nwiKvKzi mv‡_ eyavi †Kv_vq †`Lv nq? 1
L. ÔwKš‘ Avgiv wZbRb bB, GKRb|ÕÑK_vwU eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki gwR©bvi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qv Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi PvwPi ˆemv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. mv`„k¨ _vK‡jI DÏxc‡Ki ivgxg ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi h_v_© cÖwZ”Qwe n‡q DV‡Z cv‡iwbÑg–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
9bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h nwiKvKzi mv‡_ eyavi RvgMvQZjvq †`Lv nq|
i cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi‡`i weiy‡× wb‡R‡`i GKZve× Ae¯’vi w`KwU †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ eyav‡K cÖ‡kœv³ K_vwU ejv n‡q‡Q|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m cvwK¯@vwb wgwjUvwi eyavi MÖv‡g b„ksm nZ¨vhÁ Pvjvq| Zv‡`i Giƒc Kg©Kv‡Ê fxZ n‡q A‡b‡KB MÖvg †Q‡o Ab¨Î P‡j
hvq| Avi hviv GjvKvq †_‡K hvq, Zviv w`‡b w`‡b nvbv`vi‡`i wei“‡× cÖwZev`x n‡q DV‡Z _v‡K| cÖKv‡k¨ cÖwZev` bv Ki‡jI g‡b g‡b
mevB GKB aviYv †cvlY Ki‡Z _v‡K| d‡j Dcb¨v‡mi eyav hLb †`vKv‡b Avwj I wgVyi m‡½ K_v e‡j, ZLb Zv‡`i wPš@v‡PZbvq GKB
fveaviv cÖKvk cvq| Avi GB †PZbvMZ HK¨e‡×i w`KwU †evSv‡bvi Rb¨B eyav‡K ejv n‡q‡Q, ÔAvgiv wZb Rb bB, GKRb|Õ
Dˇii g–jK_v : †PZbvMZ HK¨e×Zvq Dw³wU dzwU‡q †Zvjv n‡q‡Q|
j mnvbyf‚wZkxj g‡bvfve Ges `vwqZ¡kxjZvi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki gwR©bvi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi PvwPi ˆemv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †K›`ªxq PwiÎ eyav| evev-gv‡qi g„Zz¨i ci cÖv_wgKfv‡e Zvi VuvB nq PvwPi msmv‡i| wKš‘ Afv‡ei msmv‡i PvwP
Zv‡K †ewkw`b ivL‡Z cv‡ibwb| wbR mš@vb‡`i fiY‡cvl‡Y mgm¨v n‡e †f‡e wZwb wK‡kvi eyav‡K Zvi wb‡Ri `vwqZ¡ wb‡Z e‡jb|
DÏxc‡Ki ivgxg GKRb GwZg wK‡kvi| mvfv‡ii ivbv cÐvRv a‡m co‡j †mLv‡b Kg©iZ Ae¯’vq Zvi evev-gv `yR‡bB gviv hvq|
GgZve¯’vq wcZ…gvZ…nxb ivgxg‡K Kv‡Q †U‡b †bb evwo-gvwj‡Ki ¯¿x gwR©bv| wb‡R‡`i Afve-Awf‡hvM _vKv m‡Ë¡I wZwb ivgx‡gi _vKv
LvIqvmn ¯‹z‡j fwZ©i e¨e¯’v K‡ib| c¶vš@‡i, Av‡jvP¨ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi PvwP wb‡R‡`i K_v †f‡e GwZg wK‡kvi eyav‡K wb‡Ri `vwqZ¡
wb‡q evwo †_‡K P‡j †h‡Z e‡j| A_©vr eyavi PvwP DÏxc‡Ki gwR©bvi g‡Zv eyavi cÖwZ mnvbyf‚wZkxj I `vwqZ¡kxj bq| Gw`K †_‡K
gwR©bvi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi PvwPi ˆemv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : mnvbyf‚wZkxj g‡bvfve Ges `vwqZ¡kxjZvi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki gwR©bvi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi PvwPi ˆemv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
k wcZ…gvZ…nxb nIqvi w`K †_‡K mv`„k¨ _vK‡jI cwiYwZ we‡ePbvq DÏxc‡Ki ivgxg ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi h_v_©
cÖwZwbwa n‡q DV‡Z cv‡iwb|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m eyav GK GwZg wK‡kvi| K‡jivi cÖ‡Kv‡c GK iv‡Zi g‡a¨ cwiev‡ii mKj‡K nvwi‡q †m w`‡knviv n‡q c‡o|
GgZve¯’vq wKQyw`b PvwPi evwo‡Z _vK‡jI Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y PvwP Zvi fiY‡cvl‡Yi wel‡q AcviMZv cÖKvk K‡ib| d‡j wK‡kvi eq‡mB
GKiKg hvhvei Rxe‡b c`vc©b Ki‡Z nq Zv‡K|
DÏxc‡K mvfv‡ii ivbv cÐvRv a‡m cov‡K †K›`ª K‡i ivgxg bv‡gi GK mvZ eQ‡ii wK‡kv‡ii Rxe‡bi Uªv‡RwW‡K Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| D³
`yN©Ubvq ivgx‡gi evev-gv `yR‡bB wbnZ nb| GgZve¯’vq evwo-gvwj‡Ki ¯¿x gwR©bv Zv‡K m‡ø‡n Kv‡Q †U‡b †bb| Zvi HKvwš@K
B”Qvq I Avš@wiKZvq Ae‡k‡l ivgxg ¯‹z‡j fwZ© nq| Gfv‡e ivgx‡gi †`Lv‡kvbvi `vwqZ¡ wb‡q gwR©bv Zv‡K Av‡jvi c_ †`Lvb|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  102
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨vmwU iwPZ n‡q‡Q wcZ…gvZ…nxb GK wK‡kvi eyav‡K †K›`ª K‡i| evev-gv‡qi g„Zz¨i ci cÖv_wgKfv‡e PvwPi msmv‡i AvkÖq
†c‡jI Zv ¯’vqx nqwb| d‡j wK‡kvi eq‡mB eyav‡K Zvi wb‡Ri †`Lfv‡ji `vwqZ¡ wb‡Z nq, hv DÏxc‡Ki ivgx‡gi †¶‡Î N‡Uwb|
ZvQvov G Dcb¨v‡m eyav AeZxY© n‡q‡Q gyw³‡hv×vi f‚wgKvq| †`kevmx‡K kΓgy³ Ki‡Z Zv‡K AZ¨š@ mvnmx I exiZ¡c–Y© f‚wgKvq †`Lv
hvq| Gi ga¨ w`‡q †m Zvi QbœQvov Rxe‡bi GKwU Myi“Z¡c–Y© D‡Ïk¨I Ly‡u R cvq| DÏxc‡Ki ivgx‡gi gv‡S GiKg †Kv‡bv welq j¶ Kiv
hvq bv| †mw`K we‡ePbvq cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_vh_|
Dˇii g–jK_v : wcZ…gvZ…nxb nIqvi w`K †_‡K mv`„k¨ _vK‡jI cwiYwZ we‡ePbvq DÏxc‡Ki ivgxg ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi h_v_©
cÖwZwbwa n‡q DV‡Z cv‡iwb|
cÖkœ  10 el©vKvj, evwoi cv‡ki we‡j Avcb g‡b gvQ ai‡Q wRmvb| nVvr mv‡c Kv‡U wRmvb‡K| m½xiv †`L‡Z †c‡q `ª“Z evwo‡Z
wb‡q Av‡m, MÖv‡gi ISv‡K Avb‡Z †jvK cvVvq| ISv G‡m Svo-dzuK kyi“ K‡i| wKš‘ mgq h‡Zv Movq wRmv‡bi Ae¯’v Z‡Zv Lvivc
n‡Z _v‡K| †jvKgy‡L Lei ky‡b Qy‡U Av‡m ¯^v¯’¨Kg©x gvngy`v| wRmvb‡K `ª“Z miKvwi nvmcvZv‡j wb‡Z e‡j| †¶‡c hvq ISv,
gvngy`v‡K fq †`Lvq| gvngy`v KviI K_v bv ky‡b wRmvb‡K nvmcvZv‡j wb‡q hvq| Rxeb i¶v cvq wRmv‡bi|
K. ÔewncxiÕ bvUKwU KZ mv‡j cÖ_g cyi¯‹vi cvq? 1
L. Ô`ywbqvUv mwZ¨ KwVb cix¶v‡¶ÎÕÑeywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K ISv PwiÎwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb w`KwU Bw½Z K‡i? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔDÏxc‡Ki gvngy`v I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Df‡qi wPš@v-†PZbv GKB avivq DrmvwiZ|Ó ÑDw³wU g–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
10bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h ÔewncxiÕ bvUKwU 1955 mv‡j cÖ_g cyi¯‹vi cvq|
i Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwji Rwg`vwi nviv‡bv I Avmi †_‡K eD cvwj‡q hvIqvi mvwe©K Ae¯’v‡K we‡ePbv K‡i ewncxi G Dw³wU
K‡i‡Qb|
nv‡Zg Avwj wbwðZ wQ‡jb Zvi Rwg`vwi nviv‡bvi e¨vcv‡i| ewncx‡ii Kv‡Q cÖ_‡g †Mvcb Ki‡jI cieZx©Kv‡i wZwbe mwZ¨ K_v e‡jb|
ewncxiI Zvi `yie¯’vi K_v nv‡Zg Avwji Kv‡Q ¯^xKvi K‡ib| `yRbB hLb wech©¯@ Ae¯’vi m¤§yLxb ZLb wci mv‡ne nv‡Zg Avwj‡K
AvjÐvni Ici wek¦vm ivL‡Z e‡jb| KviY Zuvi wek¦vm, `ywbqvUv GK g¯@e‡ov cix¶vi †¶Î Avi AvjÐvn Zv‡`i cix¶v wb‡”Qb|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwji Rwg`vwi nviv‡bv I Avmi †_‡K e D cvwj‡q hvIqvi mvwe©K Ae¯’v‡K we‡ePbv K‡i ewncxi G Dw³wU
K‡i‡Qb|
j DÏxc‡Ki ISv PwiÎwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K gvby‡li AÜwek¦vm‡K cyuwR K‡i ewncx‡ii ¯^v_©wmw×i w`KwU‡KB Bw½Z K‡i|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki cxi mv‡ne AZ¨š@ PvjvK I a–Z© cÖK…wZi †jvK| mvaviY gvby‡li ag©wek¦vm‡K cyuwR K‡i wZwb cÖf‚Z m¤•` I cÖwZcwËi
gvwjK n‡q‡Qb| gywi‡`iv Zv‡K AMva fw³ I kÖ×v K‡i| Avi †mB fw³-kÖ×v‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡qB mnvq-m¤•` I ¶gZv‡K Kzw¶MZ
K‡i‡Qb wZwb|
DÏxc‡Ki wRmvb evwoi cv‡ki we‡j gvQ ai‡Z wM‡q mv‡ci Kvg‡o AvnZ nq| GgZve¯’vq m½xiv Zv‡K a‡i evwo‡Z wb‡q Av‡m Ges
MÖv‡gi ISv‡K Lei †`q| ISvi Suvodzu‡K †Kv‡bv KvR †Zv nqB bv, eis wRmv‡bi Ae¯’v AviI Lvivc n‡Z _v‡K| Ggb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z
mv¯’¨Kg©x gvngy`v Zv‡K nvmcvZv‡j wb‡q hvIqvi K_v ej‡j †m gvngy`v‡K fq †`Lvq| GKBfv‡e, ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki cxi mv‡neI
gvby‡li kÖ×v-fw³‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q wb‡Ri Av‡Li †MvQvb| A_©vr gvby‡li AÜwek¦vm I AÁZvB DÏxc‡Ki ISv Ges ewncx‡ii
e¨vemv‡qi g–jab| Gw`K we‡ePbvq DÏxc‡Ki ISv PwiÎwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K gvby‡li AÜwek¦vm‡K cyuwR K‡i ewncx‡ii ¯^v_©wmw×i
w`KwU‡KB Bw½Z K‡i|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki ISv PwiÎwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K gvby‡li AÜwek¦vm‡K cyuwR K‡i ewncx‡ii ¯^v_©wmw×i w`KwU‡KB Bw½Z K‡i|
k Kzms¯‹v‡ii wei“‡× cÖwZev`x f‚wgKv Ges gvbweK †ev‡ai w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki gvngy`v I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡k‡gi wPš@v-†PZbv
GKB avivq DrmvwiZ|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Ab¨Zg Myi“Z¡c–Y© PwiÎ nv‡kg Avwj| bvUKwU‡Z bvU¨Kvi nv‡kg Avwj‡K Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb †K›`ªxq PwiÎ ewncx‡ii
wecixZ PwiÎ wn‡m‡e| b¨vq‡ev‡a mgybœZ nv‡kg Avwj G bvU‡K Kzms¯‹vi Ges ag©xq †Mvuovgxi wei“‡× m`vB †mv”Pvi †_‡K‡Q Ges D`vi
`„wófw½ †_‡K mg¯@ NUbvµg‡K wePvi K‡i‡Q|
DÏxc‡K gvngy`v bv‡gi GK ¯^v¯’¨Kg©xi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| mv‡ci Kvg‡o AvnZ wRmv‡bi wPwKrmvi Rb¨ mK‡j ISv‡K WvK‡j †m Zvi
Suvodz‡u Ki KvimvwR †`Lv‡Z wM‡q mgq bó K‡i| d‡j wRmv‡bi kvixwiK Ae¯’vi AviI AebwZ nq| GgZve¯’vq NUbvwU m¤•‡K©
Rvb‡Z †c‡i gvngy`v GwM‡q Av‡m Ges wRmvb‡K mywPwKrmvi Rb¨ nvmcvZv‡j wb‡q hvIqvi e¨e¯’v K‡i| G‡¶‡Î ISvi ûgwK‡KI †m
Avg‡j †bqwb| Ae‡k‡l Zvi HKvwš@K †Póvq wPwKrmv †c‡q wRmvb my¯’ n‡q I‡V|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki cy‡ivfvM Ry‡o Avgiv nv‡kg Avwj‡K †`L‡Z cvB mvgvwRK Kzms¯‹vi Ges Ab¨v‡qi wei“‡× cÖZxKx PwiÎ wn‡m‡e|
msMZ Kvi‡YB wec`MÖ¯’ Zv‡niv‡K †m †h-†Kv‡bv g–‡j¨ euvPv‡Z †P‡q‡Q| kyay ZvB bq, ewncx‡ii m‡½ Amg we‡qi nvZ †_‡K Zv‡niv‡K
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  103

i¶v Ki‡Z †m Zvi nvZ a‡i bZzb Rxe‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ cv evwo‡q‡Q| GKBfv‡e, DÏxc‡Ki gvngy`vI Kzms¯‹v‡ii wei“‡× cÖwZev`x| G
Kvi‡YB ISvi ûgwK‡K D‡c¶v K‡i mv‡ci Kvg‡o AvnZ wRmvb‡K †m nvmcvZv‡j wb‡q wM‡q my¯’ K‡i †Zv‡j| A_©vr Av‡jvP¨ bvU‡Ki
nv‡kg Avwj Ges DÏxc‡Ki gvngy`v DfqB gvbweK Ges Kzms¯‹vi I Ab¨v‡qi wei“‡× ewjô Kɯ^i| Gw`K we‡ePbvq cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU
h_vh_|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Kzms¯‹v‡ii wei“‡× cÖwZev`x f‚wgKv Ges gvbweK †ev‡ai w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki gvngy`v I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡k‡gi wPš@v-†PZbv
GKB avivq DrmvwiZ|
cÖkœ  11 beg †kÖwY‡Z c‡o Mwie I †gavex QvÎx wigv| nVvr Zvi evev cv‡ki MÖv‡g GK cÖfvekvjxi †Q‡ji mv‡_ Zvi we‡q wVK
K‡ib| wKš‘ wigvi ¯^cœ †jLvcov K‡i A‡bK e‡ov n‡e| PvPv‡Zv fvB mr-mvnmx iwb welqwU Rvb‡Z †c‡i cÖwZev` K‡i Ges Zv‡K
cwj‡q †h‡Z e‡j| wKš‘ wigv evevi Acgv‡bi K_v wPš@v K‡i bv cvwj‡q iwb‡K wb‡q ¯‹z‡ji cÖavb wk¶‡Ki wbKU hvq Ges e¨vcviwU
Ly‡j e‡j| wk¶K Zvi evev‡K eywS‡q ej‡j evev fzj eyS‡Z cv‡ib| GLb wigv Zvi ¯^cœ c–i‡Yi j‡¶¨ g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q †jLvcov Pvwj‡q hv‡”Q|
K. ewncx‡ii g‡Z, cyÎ-Kb¨vi wk¶v`x¶vi fvi Kvi Ici? 1
L. ÔAvwg AevK nw”Q †Zvgvi AK…ZÁZv †`‡LÕÑeywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki iwb ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †h Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔÔDÏxc‡Ki wigv †hb ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv Pwi‡ÎiB cÖwZ”QweÓ| Ñ Dw³wU g–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
11bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h ewncx‡ii g‡Z, cyÎKb¨vi wk¶v`x¶vi fvi wcZv-gvZvi Ici|
i nv‡kg Avwji we‡q Kivi cÖ¯@v‡e Zv‡niv Am¤§wZ Rvbv‡j wew¯§Z n‡q †Lv‡`Rv cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³wU K‡i|
e„× cx‡ii mv‡_ Amg we‡qi nvZ †_‡K evuP‡Z Zv‡niv cvwj‡q G‡m Rwg`v‡ii eRivq AvkÖq cvq| KvKZvjxqfv‡e cxi mv‡neI
`yN©Ubvi wkKvi n‡q †m eRiv‡ZB AvkÖq †bb| Zv‡niv‡K mv‡_ wb‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ wZwb bvbv K‚U‡KŠk‡ji AvkÖq wb‡Z _v‡Kb|
GgZve¯’vq, Rwg`vi cyÎ nv‡kg Avwj me©‡Zvfv‡e Zv‡nivi cv‡k `vuovq Ges Zv‡niv‡K evuPv‡Z cÖ‡qvR‡b Zv‡K we‡q Ki‡Z Pvq| wKš‘
Zvi Ggb cÖ¯@v‡e Zv‡niv ivwR nq bv| Zv‡nivi Rb¨ nv‡kg GZwKQy Kivi ciI †m ivwR bv nIqvq NUbvwU †Lv‡`Rv‡K wew¯§Z K‡i|
GiB cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z wZwb cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wUi AeZviYv K‡ib|
Dˇii g–jK_v : nv‡kg Avwji we‡q Kivi cÖ¯@v‡e Zv‡niv Am¤§wZ Rvbv‡j wew¯§Z n‡q †Lv‡`Rv cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³wU K‡i|
j Ab¨v‡qi wei“‡× cÖwZev`x f‚wgKvi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki iwb ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwji cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Ab¨Zg Myi“Z¡c–Y© PwiÎ nv‡kg Avwj| bvUKwU‡Z bvU¨Kvi nv‡kg Avwj‡K Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb †K›`ªxq PwiÎ ewncx‡ii
wecixZ PwiÎ wn‡m‡e| b¨vq‡ev‡a mgybœZ nv‡kg Avwj G bvU‡K Kzms¯‹vi Ges ag©xq †Mvuovgxi wei“‡× m`vB †mv”Pvi †_‡K‡Q Ges D`vi
`„wófw½ †_‡K mg¯@ NUbvµg‡K wePvi K‡i‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki iwb Zvi PvPv‡Zv †evb wigvi cÖwZ mnvbyf‚wZkxj Ges Ab¨v‡qi wei“‡× GK cÖwZev`x| G Kvi‡YB cv‡ki MÖv‡gi GK cÖfvekvjx
e¨w³i †Q‡ji mv‡_ wigvi we‡q w`‡Z PvB‡j †m Gi cÖwZev` K‡i| kyay ZvB bq, AhvwPZ GB we‡qi nvZ †_‡K wigv‡K evuPv‡Z †m
me©‡Zvfv‡e mn‡hvwMZv K‡i| GKBfv‡e, e„× cx‡ii mv‡_ AbvKvw¸¶Z we‡qi nvZ †_‡K evuP‡Z ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv cvwj‡q G‡m
Rwg`v‡ii eRivq AvkÖq wb‡j nv‡kg Zvi cv‡k `vuovq| ewncx‡ii K‚U‡KŠkj‡K bm¨vr Ki‡Z †m meiKg †Póv K‡i, †hgbwU DÏxc‡Ki
iwbi †¶‡ÎI GKBfv‡e cwijw¶Z nq| Gw`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki iwb Av‡jvP¨ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg AvwjiB cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Ab¨v‡qi wei“‡× cÖwZev`x f‚wgKvi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki iwb ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwji cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki ixgv †hb ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv Pwi‡ÎiB cÖwZ”Qwe|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Kvwnwb AMÖmi n‡q‡Q Zv‡niv I ewncxi‡K †K›`ª K‡i| G bvU‡K Zv‡niv‡K Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q cÖ_vwei“× f‚wgKvq|
†hLv‡b e„× ewncx‡ii mv‡_ Amg we‡q‡K †g‡b wb‡Z bv †c‡i we‡qi iv‡ZB †m cvwj‡q hvq| Ggb Kg©KvÊ Zvi cÖ_vwei“× I cÖwZev`x
fveg–wZ©‡KB Zz‡j a‡i|
DÏxc‡Ki wigv m‡e beg †kÖwY‡Z c‡o| wKš‘ G eq‡mB Zvi evev cv‡ki MÖv‡gi GK cÖfvekvjx e¨w³i †Q‡ji mv‡_ Zvi we‡q wVK K‡i|
G‡Z Zvi cov‡kvbv K‡i cÖwZwôZ nIqvi ¯^cœ †f‡O hvIqvi Dcµg nq| GgZve¯’vq Zvi PvPv‡Zv fvB iwb G wel‡q Zvi cv‡k `uvovq|
Ae‡k‡l †Kv‡bv K‚jwKbviv bv †c‡q Zviv welqwU wigvi ¯‹z‡ji cÖavb wk¶K g‡nv`q‡K Rvbvq| cwiw¯’wZ we‡ePbvq cÖavb wk¶K
g‡nv`q wigvi evev‡K eywS‡q wigvi evj¨weevn eÜ Kivi D‡`¨vM †bb|
ÔewncxiÕ bvUKwU g–jZ Zv‡niviB Rxebv‡jL¨| †hLv‡b ewncx‡ii cÖwZ fw³i Kvi‡Y Zv‡nivi evev I mr gv †mB cx‡ii m‡½ Zvi we‡q
wVK K‡i| G‡¶‡Î Zviv Zv‡nivi fwel¨‡Zi K_v ch©š@ wPš@v K‡iwb| Z‡e Zv‡niv Zv‡`i Ggb wm×vš@ gyL ey‡R †g‡b †bqwb| Amg
GB we‡q †_‡K wb‡R‡K i¶v Ki‡Z we‡qi iv‡ZB †m cvwj‡q hvq| c¶vš@‡i, DÏxc‡Ki wigvI Zvi we‡q m¤•wK©Z AhvwPZ wm×vš@‡K
†g‡b †bqwb| ZvB PvPv‡Zv fvB iwbi mnvqZvq G wel‡q †m Zvi ¯‹z‡ji cÖavb wk¶‡Ki kiYvcbœ nq Ges Zvui n¯@‡¶‡ci gva¨‡g
evev‡K eywS‡q we‡q eÜ K‡i| Zv‡niv Ges wigvi Ggb Kg©Kv‡Ê Zv‡`i `„p‡PZv g‡bvfve Ges cÖwZev`x †PZbvB cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q, hv
PwiÎ`ywU‡K Zzjbxq K‡i †Zv‡j| †m we‡ePbvq cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_vh_|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki ixgv †hb ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv Pwi‡ÎiB cÖwZ”Qwe|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  104

gqgbwmsn †evW©Ñ2024 †mU : M

evsjv cÖ_g cÎ (eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶v) welq †KvW : 1 0 1
[2024 mv‡ji wm‡jevm Abyhvqx]
mgq : 30 wgwbU c–Y©gvb : 30
[we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶vi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg–n n‡Z mwVK/m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU
Kv‡jv Kvwji ej c‡q›U Kjg Øviv m¤•–Y© fivU K‡iv| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb- 1|] cÖkœc‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|
1. gwZDi g‡b g‡b eyavi cÖksmv bv K‡i cv‡i bv †Kb? 16. ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡í KzwUi cÖv½‡Y Kx MvQ Av‡Q?
E ˆmb¨‡`i †cqviv LvB‡q‡Q e‡j E Zvj F eiB G †ej H RjcvB
F gvwU KvUvi Kv‡R PUc‡U fw½ †`‡L 17. ÔwmÜy wn‡›`vjÕ KvRx bRi“j Bmjv‡gi Kx ai‡bi iPbv?
 G MÖv‡gi mK‡ji †ønfvRb nIqvq E Dcb¨vm F Kve¨MÖš’ G cÖeÜ MÖš’ H bvUK
H `„p‡PZv ¯^fv‡ei cwiPq †c‡q
18. ÔAvwg †kva wb‡Z RvwbÕÑ G ev‡K¨ eyavi †Kvb fvewU dz‡U D‡V‡Q?
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 2 I 3 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : E `¶Zv F wbcyYZv G cÖwZev` H ¶gZv
G c„w_ex †hgb Av‡Q †Zgwb c‡o i‡e
my›`i G c„w_ex †Q‡o GKw`b P‡j †h‡Z n‡e| 19. ÔgwngvÕ k‡ãi A_© †KvbwU?
2. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ wb‡Pi †Kvb Pi‡Yi wgj i‡q‡Q? E gnr F Myi“Z¡c–Y© G AnsKvix H †MŠie
E ivZ _g_g ¯@ä wbSzg †Nvi-†Nvi AvÜvi  DÏxcKwU c‡o 20 I 21 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
F evwn‡i‡Z bv‡P †RvbvwK Av‡jvq _g_g Kv‡jv ivZ gvaeKz‡Ê †eov‡Z wM‡qwQjvg| cvnv‡oi Ici †_‡K Aweivg cov Rjivwk
 G †mvbvi ¯^‡cœi mva c„w_ex‡Z K‡e Avi S‡i? Avgv‡K gy» K‡iwQj|
H Gwkwiqv ay‡jv AvR †ewejb QvB n‡q †M‡Q 20. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ wb‡Pi †Kvb PiYwUi wgj i‡q‡Q?
3. DÏxcK I Ô†mB-w`b GB gvVÕ KweZvq cÖKvk †c‡q‡QÑ E Dcj Nvq w`B wSwjK/`yj †`vjvq gb †fvjvB/ wSjwgjvB w`M&w ew`K
i. aiwYi Awebk¦i †mŠ›`h© ii. gvbeRxe‡bi `ytL‡eva F my›`‡ii Z…òv hvi/Avgiv avB Zvi Av‡kB
iii. cÖK…wZi Aš@tmvi k–b¨Zv  G wb‡Ri cvq evRvB Zvj/GKjv MvB, GKjv avB/w`em ivZ, muv S-mKvj
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? H SzuwK‡q Nvo Szg-cvnvo/fq `¨vLvq, †PvL cvKvq
E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii
21. DÏxcK I ÔSibvi MvbÕ KweZvq cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡QÑ
4. ÔewncxiÕ bvUK KZ mv‡j cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq?
i. cvnv‡oi †mŠ›`h© ii. Rjivwki cÖengvbZv iii. wb¯@ä cÖK…wZ
E 1958 F 1959 G 1960 H 1961
5. ÔAvwg †h G‡mwQ Rq evsjvi eRªKÉ †_‡KÕ|Ñ GLv‡b ÔRq evsjvi eRªKÉÕ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ej‡Z evOvwji †Kvb ˆewkó¨‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii
E mvs¯‹…wZK HwZn¨ I mg„w× F A`g¨ ivR‰bwZK cÖwZfv 22. ÔwZwgiÕ k‡ãi A_© †KvbwU?
 G Avengvb msMÖvgx †PZbv H HK¨ I msnwZi kw³ E wbt¯^ F me©¶Y G wbMo H AÜKvi
6. myfv Avcbv‡K Avcwb †`wL‡Z‡QцKb? 23. ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvq †KvbwU †R¨vrøvi Pv`‡i XvKv?
E eqtmwÜKv‡j DcbxZ e‡j F AevwÂZ †KŠZ‚n‡ji Rb¨ E mi“c_ F wbwk›`vi Qvqv
 G m½xnxb _vKvq H †R¨vrøv iv‡Z wb‡R‡K †`L‡Z  G Wzgy‡ii Wvj H av‡bi gÄix
7. ga¨hy‡Mi Kwe †K? 24. Ô†gw`bx we`vi †`D cwmqv jyKvBÕ| ÑGi e‡³‡e¨i m‡½ †Zvgvi cwVZ †Kvb
E gvB‡Kj gaym–`b `Ë F Avnmvb nvexe iPbvi wgj i‡q‡Q?
 G †ngP›`ª e‡›`vcva¨vq H Avãyj nvwKg E GKvˇii w`bMywj F mvwn‡Z¨i i–c I ixwZ
8. ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †jLK jvB‡eªwi‡K Kx‡mi Ici ¯’vb w`‡q‡Qb?  G mvnmx Rbbx evsjv H Avgvi cwiPq
E nvmcvZv‡ji F gw›`‡ii G ¯‹zj-K‡j‡Ri H A_©we‡Ëi 25. ÔKv‡jv †PvL‡K ZR©gv Ki‡Z nq bvÕ KviYÑ
9. ÔAvgv‡iv wQ‡jv g‡b, †Kg‡b †eUv †c‡i‡Q †mUv Rvb‡ZÕÑG K_vi ga¨ w`‡q i. g‡bvfve gyLveq‡e cÖwZdwjZ nq ii. †Pv‡L †mŠ›`h© cÖKvk cvq
gš¿xi Kx cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? iii. A½fw½i gva¨‡g Awfe¨w³i cÖKvk
E D`vmxbZv F PZziZv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 G Kvh©wbe©v‡ni wbcyYZv H †gav¯^‡Z¡i †PŠh©e„wË
E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii
10. ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡íi MwZkxj PwiÎ †KvbwU?
E AfvMx F Kv½vjx G iwmK `y‡j H VvKzi `vm
26. ÔweivbÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx?
E k–b¨ F Rbgvbenxb  G DËß H fxlY
11. ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq lUKÑGi †gjeÜb †KvbwU?
E NOP-NOP F KLL-KKL G NO NO-PP H KL-KL-KL  DÏxcKwU c‡o 27 I 28 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
Note : mwVK DËi †bB| mwVK DËiwU n‡e : MNM-NMN PvKwi Rxe‡bi †`ohyM cvi Ki‡jI meyi †Kv‡bvw`b QywU KvUvbwb|
12. me©Rqv †Kvb gv‡mi †iv‡` R¡i Avmvi K_v e‡j‡Q? Awd‡mi me KvR wbw`©ó mg‡q h_vh_fv‡e m¤•bœ K‡ib| Zvi Kv‡Ri
E Avwk¦b F KvwZ©K G †cŠl H ˆPÎ ¯^xK…wZ ¯^i–c †c‡q‡Qb K‡qKwU m¤§vbbv cyi¯‹vi|
13. ÔI‡`i evwoi M„nK‡g© wbcyYv j¶¥x eDwUi wVK GK `kvÕÑGLv‡b †h `kvi 27. DÏxc‡Ki mey‡ ii gvbwmKZvq ÔivbviÕ KweZvi †Kvb Pi‡Yi wgj i‡q‡Q?
K_v †evSv‡bv n‡q‡QÑ E ivZ wbR©b, c‡_ KZ fq, ZeyI ivbvi †Qv‡U
i. Ae‡nwjZ ii. hZœvKv¸¶x iii. D”PvKv¸¶x F N‡i‡Z Afve; c„w_exUv ZvB g‡b nq Kv‡jv †avqv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?  G nv‡Z jÚb K‡i VbVb, †RvbvwKiv †`q Av‡jv
Ei F ii G i I ii H i, ii I iii H AevK iv‡Zi Zviviv, AvKv‡k wgUwgU K‡i Pvq
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 14 I 15 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 28. DÏxcK I ÔivbviÕ KweZvq cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡QÑ
wbæe‡Y©i my`vsky ev‡iv eQ‡ii †g‡q kkxi PwjÐk eQi eqwm Kzjxb i. Kg©gywLZv ii. `vwqZ¡kxjZv iii. cÖMwZkxjZv
cÂvb‡bi m‡½ we‡q wVK K‡i| G‡Z kkx we‡ivwaZv Ki‡j my`vsky e‡j, wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ÑÔmgv‡R †Zv DV‡Z n‡eÕ| E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii
14. DÏxc‡Ki kkxi m‡½ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki mv`„k¨c–Y© PwiÎ †KvbwU?
E †Lv‡`Rv F ewncxi G nv‡Zg Avjx H Zv‡niv
29. ÔivbviÕ KweZvwU †Kvb Kve¨ †_‡K msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q?
15. DÏxcK I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K cÖKvk †c‡q‡QÑ E niZvj F QvocÎ G AwMœexYv H mvg¨ev`x
i. bvixi Aeg–j¨vqb ii. cÖwZev`x †PZbv iii. mvgvwRK Kzms¯‹vi 30. AvdMvwb¯@v‡bi wiwjd g¨v‡ci †Pnvivi m‡½ mv`„k¨c–Y© †Pnviv Kvi?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? E Aa¨¶ wRivi F Avwgi ingv‡bi
E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii G gyRZev Avjxi H Ave`yi ingv‡bi

 Lvwj NiMy‡jv‡Z †cbwmj w`‡q DËiMy‡jv †j‡Lv| Gici QR †Kv‡W cÖ`Ë DËigvjvi mv‡_ wgwj‡q †`‡Lv †Zvgvi DËiMy‡jv mwVK wK bv|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
DËi

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  105

gqgbwmsn †evW©Ñ2024
evsjv cÖ_g cÎ (m„Rbkxj cÖkœ) †mU : 01
[2024 mv‡ji wm‡jevm Abyhvqx] welq †KvW : 1 0 1
mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU c–Y©gvb : 70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c–Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcKMy‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i c‡ov Ges mswkÐó cÖkœMy‡jvi DËi `vI| K wefvM (M`¨) n‡Z
Kgc‡¶ `ywU, L wefvM (KweZv) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ `ywU, M wefvM (Dcb¨vm) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwU Ges N wefvM (bvUK) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwU K‡i †gvU
mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e| GKB cÖ‡kœi Dˇi mvay I PwjZ fvlvixwZi wgkÖY `–lYxq|]
K wefvM : M`¨
1| weaev Avw¤^qv †eMg Aem‡ii mg¯@ UvKv e¨q K‡i `yB cyÎ I GK Kb¨v‡K †jLvcov wkwL‡q we‡q w`‡q‡Qb| †Q‡jiv cwievi wb‡q XvKvq
_v‡K| Zv‡`i my‡Li K_v wPš@v K‡i wZwb Lye Avb›` cvb, hw`I Zuvi †`Lv‡kvbvi g‡Zv †KD †bB| cy·`i msev` w`‡jI PvKwi wb‡q
e¨¯@ _vKvq Avm‡Z cv‡i bv| GK mgq Amy¯’ n‡q c‡ob Avw¤^qv †eMg| Ae¯’v Lvivc n‡j cÖwZ‡ekx w`bgyRyi R‡e` Avwji †Q‡j
AvwkK Zv‡K †`L‡Z Av‡m| me K_v ky‡b AvwkK Zuvi A‡bK cÖksmv K‡i| †m e‡j ÔAvcbvi g‡Zv gv N‡i N‡i `iKvi|Õ
K. Ôwk‡j‡clvÕ A_© Kx? 1
L. Ò†m Avi-GK AveR©bvÓ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Avwk‡Ki mv‡_ ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi †h Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ Av‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki Avw¤^qv †eMg I ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi j¶¥x eD †hb GKB m–‡Î Muv_vÓÑgš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv wePvi K‡iv| 4
2| †ckv Zvi `wR©wMwi wKš‘ †bkv Zvi eBcov| evj¨Kv‡j wcZv gviv hvIqvq cÂg †kÖwYi ci Avi co‡Z cv‡iwb Kv‡kg wgqv| Z‡e
eBcovi †bkv †_‡KB evwoi cv‡k cÖvq `yB nvRvi eB wb‡q M‡o Zz‡j‡Q Ô¯^cœ Mwo jvB‡eªwiÕ| MÖv‡gi †Qv‡Uv-e‡ov mevB †mLv‡b
ÁvbPP©v K‡i| wk¶v_©xiv cvV¨eB‡qi cvkvcvwk Ab¨vb¨ eBI c‡o| wKš‘ e¨emvqx gvgyb †gvj¨v Zvi mš@vb‡K H jvB‡eªwi‡Z †h‡Z
wb‡la K‡i e‡jb, Ô†Zvgvi G‡Zv Ávb AR©‡bi `iKvi †bB, evmvq cÖvB‡fU wk¶K †i‡LwQ| Zvi Kv‡Q c‡o (G+) AR©b K‡iv|Õ
K. †ckv`vi‡`i gnvåvwš@ Kx? 1
L. mvwnZ¨PP©vi mydj m¤^‡Ü A‡b‡KB mw›`nvb †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki gvgyb †gvj¨vi g‡bvfve ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †h w`KwU wb‡`©k K‡i Zv e¨vLv K‡iv| 3
N. ÒKv‡kg wgqvi D‡`¨v‡Mi g‡a¨B cÖ_g †PŠayixi AvKv¸¶vi h_v_© cÖwZdjb N‡U‡QÓÑgš@e¨wUi †hŠw³KZv hvPvB K‡iv| 4
3| wjRv Z…Zxq †kÖwY‡Z c‡o| Zv‡`i evwo‡Z Zvi mgeqwm jwZdv bv‡g GKwU Kv‡Ri †g‡q _v‡K| Afv‡ei Zvobvq †m G evwo‡Z
Kv‡R G‡m‡Q| wjRv Zvi mv‡_ †Ljvayjv I Mí Ki‡Z Pvq| wKš‘ wjRvi gv I‡`i `yR‡bi GKmv‡_ †`L‡jB eKv †`q| wjRv Ii
gv‡qi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z jwZdvi mv‡_ KL‡bv KL‡bv cyZzj †L‡j, wUwf †`‡L| wKš‘ jwZdv wjRvi mv‡_ wgk‡Z fq cvq KviY wbRvi
gv hw` †`‡L †d‡j|
K. ggZvw`i gvB‡b KZ UvKv wVK Kiv n‡jv? 1
L. ÔKv‡iv Kv‡Q hv cvB bv, Zzwg Zv †`‡e †KbÕ K_vwU ejvi KviY Kx? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. jwZdvi mv‡_ ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw`i mv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki wjRvi gv †hb, ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi M„nKΩxi wecixZ gvbwmKZv aviY K‡i‡QÓÑgš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
4| Zcyi eqm Qq eQi| †m ivZ n‡jI Nygv‡Z Pvq bv| Zcyi gv myivBqv †eMg †Póv K‡i e¨_© n‡q kvkywo‡K e‡jb, Ôgv Avcwb Zcy‡K
GKUz Nyg cvovb, Avwg wR-evsjvi wmwiqvjUv †`‡L Avwm|Õ Zcyi `vw` e‡jb, ÔAv‡mv `v`yfvB, †Zvgv‡K Wvwjg Kzgv‡ii Mí ewj|Õ
wKš‘ Zcy e‡j, Ôbv, Avwg Wwigb KvUz©b †`L‡ev|Õ `vw` fv‡ebÑ Avgv‡`i AZxZ Rxe‡bi MíMy‡jv hw` euvwP‡q ivLv †hZ Zvn‡j
KZB bv fv‡jv n‡Zv| wZwb Avd‡mvm K‡i e‡jb, ÔKx hyM AvB‡jv‡i, wR-evsjv Avi Wwigb me LvB‡jv †i!Õ
K. f‚‡qv`k©b Kx? 1
L. cwjÐMvbMy‡jv‡K Ag–j¨ iZœwe‡kl ejv n‡q‡Q †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Zcy I Zvi gv‡qi gvbwmKZvq ÔcwjÐmvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Üi †h w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki `vw`i wPš@v-†PZbvB cv‡i ÔcwjÐmvwnZ¨Õ cÖeÜ †jL‡Ki AvKv¸¶v c–Y© Ki‡Z|ÓÑgš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
L wefvM : KweZv
5| jybv †jLvcov Kivi Rb¨ Av‡gwiKvq hvq| mvZ eQi ci †`‡k wd‡i Zvi †`‡ki gvbyl Avi gvby‡li fvlv †Zgb GKUv fv‡jv jv‡M
bv| jybv e‡j evsjv w`‡q c„w_exi †Kv_vI wKQy Kiv hvq bv| K_vq K_vq Bs‡iwR e‡j Avi evsjv fvlvi cÖwZ AeÁvi fve cÖKvk
K‡i| Zvi AvPi‡Y ¯‹zjwk¶K w¶ß n‡q D‡Vb| wZwb e‡jb, ÔG fvlvi Rb¨B gvbyl Rxeb w`‡q‡Qb|Õ G fvlvq Kwe †M‡q D‡Vb
Ô†gv‡`i Mie †gv‡`i Avkv, Av-gwi evsjv fvlv|Õ
K. Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvwU †Kvb mg‡q iwPZ? 1
L. Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvq Ôwn›`yi A¶iÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. jybvi AvPi‡Y Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvq hv‡`i gvbwmKZv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i Zv‡`i ¯^i–c e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Ô¯‹zj wk¶‡Ki g‡bvfve †hb Kwe Ave`yj nvwK‡gi g‡bvfv‡eiB cÖwZ”Qwe|ÕÑgš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  106

6| Rwgjv †eMg gyw³hy‡× ¯^vgx, mš@vb nvwi‡q `yt‡Li mvM‡i AvR fvm‡Q| wZwb †`‡L‡Qb, b`x‡Z, iv¯@v-Nv‡U, eb-R½‡j AmsL¨
jvk| gvbyl wbivc` AvkÖ‡qi †Luv‡R cvwo w`‡q‡Q `–i-`–iv‡š@i c_| A_P GKgvÎ mš@vb Rxeb w`‡q Zv‡K Dcnvi w`‡q‡Qb ¯^vaxb
gvbwPÎ| ZvB †Zv Rvwgjvi †Pv‡L AvU‡K _v‡K jvj-meyR cZvKv|
K. kvgmyi ivngv‡bi KweZvq †Kvb ˆewkó¨ mv_©Kfv‡e cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? 1
L. Kwe ÔLvÊe`vnbÕ w`‡q Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? 2
M. DÏxc‡K Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvi †h wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔDÏxc‡K Rwgjv †eM‡gi †Q‡ji g‡Zv AmsL¨ gvby‡li AvÍZ¨v‡M evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb n‡q‡QÕÑ Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n
¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvi Av‡jv‡K we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
7| ev`kv evei Kuvw`qv wdwi‡Q, wb` bvwn †Pv‡L ZuviÑ
cyÎ Zuvnvi ûgvqyb eywS euv‡P bv Gevi Avi!
Pvwiav‡i Zvi Nbv‡q Avwm‡Q giY-AÜKvi|
iv‡R¨i hZ weÁ †nwKg KweivR `i‡ek
G‡m‡Q mevB, w`‡Z‡Q ewmqv e¨e¯’v mwe‡kl,
†mevh‡Zœi wewaweav‡bi ΓwU bvwn GK †jk|
K. ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi g–jK_v Kx? 1
L. gvi cÖvY AvB XvB K‡i †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki ev`kv eve‡ii mv‡_ ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi cwjÐRbbxi mv`„k¨c–Y© w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Òmv`„k¨ _vK‡jI DÏxc‡Ki ev`kv evei I ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi cwjÐgv‡qi g‡a¨ Ae¯’vbMZ wfbœZvI ¯•ó|ÓÑwe‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
M wefvM : Dcb¨vm
8| 1971 mv‡j gyw³hy‡×i mgq Lvwj` XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †gavex QvÎ wQj| gyw³hy‡×i mgq wek¦we`¨vj‡qi mevB f‡q nj †Q‡o
cvjv‡Z kyi“ K‡i| Lvwj`‡K Zvi eÜyiv cvjv‡Z ej‡j †m e‡j, ÔmevB wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K cvjv‡j †`k ¯^vaxb Ki‡e Kviv? Avgv‡K
_vK‡ZB n‡e|Õ
K. nv‡kg wgqv KLb AvÍnviv n‡q †hZ? 1
L. fq eyav‡K Kvey K‡i bv †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K Qv·`i nj †Q‡o cvjv‡bv ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h NUbv‡K ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki Lvwj` I ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi g‡bvfve GK I AwfbœÓÑgš@e¨wU g–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
9| mvfv‡ii ivbv cÐvRvi feb a‡m c‡o Kg©iZ `¤•wZ †gvnbv I wjgb wbnZ nq| wKš‘ †eu‡P hvq evmvq _vKv mvZ eQ‡ii †Q‡j
wgjb| wcZv-gvZvnviv †Q‡jwU‡K ey‡K †U‡b †bq evwoi gvwj‡Ki ¯¿x iv‡njv| wb‡Ri †Q‡j-†g‡q‡`i fwel¨‡Zi K_v wPš@v K‡i
¯^vgx ivwR bv n‡jI iv‡njv wgjb‡K wb‡Ri mš@v‡bi g‡Zv ¯‹z‡j w`‡q †jLvcovi e¨e¯’v K‡ib|
K. weby nvm‡j Kx g‡b n‡Zv? 1
L. Ôg‡b nq, ZzB Avgvi gyiweŸ|ÕÑK_vwU eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki iv‡njvi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi PvwPi ˆemv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Òmv`„k¨ _vK‡jI DÏxc‡Ki wgjb ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi h_v_© cÖwZ”Qwe n‡q DV‡Z cv‡iwb|ÓÑg–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
N wefvM : bvUK
10| fi`ycy‡i w`wNi Nv‡U Rj Avb‡Z wM‡q g–Q©v hvq wjwj| Zvi evev-gvi wek¦vm, wjwji g‡a¨ wRb-f‚‡Zi AvQi c‡o‡Q, kxNªB †Kv‡bv
Kweiv‡Ri Kv‡Q wb‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ G wm×v‡š@i †Nvi we‡ivwaZv K‡i wjwji wek¦we`¨vj‡qi co~qv fvB Avbvd| †m wjwj‡K wbKUZg
¯^v¯’¨ †K‡›`ª wb‡q Wv³vi †`Lv‡j my¯’ n‡q I‡V| g–jZ wjwji kvixwiK `ye©jZvi Rb¨ GgbwU n‡qwQj|
K. ewncx‡ii g‡Z, GKvKx PzcPvc e‡m _vK‡j Kx nq? 1
L. nv‡Zg Avwji gv_vq †hb AvKvk †f‡O c‡o‡QцKb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K Avbvd I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡k‡gi †PZbvMZ mv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡K wjwji evev-gv‡qi wek¦vm †_‡K mgvR‡K gy³ KivB †hb ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki bvU¨Kv‡ii g–j D‡Ïk¨ÓÑwe‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
11| wcZ…gvZ…nviv wjgv gvgvi evwo‡Z _v‡K| gvwg Zv‡K †evSv g‡b K‡i| ZvB we‡qi eqm nIqvi Av‡MB Zv‡K mZx‡bi msmv‡i GK
e„‡×i m‡½ wØZxq ¯¿x wn‡m‡e †Rvi K‡i we‡q w`‡q †`q| wjgv G we‡q †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡iwb| ZvB cvwj‡q kn‡i P‡j hvq Ges
GKwU PvKwi wb‡q †m AvÍwbf©ikxj gvbyl n‡q I‡V|
K. ewncx‡ii g‡Z Zv‡niv cvwj‡q Kx‡mi cwiPq w`‡q‡Q? 1
L. ÔAvgvi K_v Awek¦vm Ki‡eb bvÕÑZv‡nivi G K_vi KviY e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K wjgvi gvwg ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †h Pwi‡Îi ˆewkó¨ aviY K‡i Zvi ¯^i–c e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki wjgv Ges ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv GKB mgvR-ev¯@eZvi wkKvi n‡jI cwiYwZ n‡q‡Q wfbœ|ÓÑwe‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  107

DËigvjv
eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶v
1 L 2 M 3 K 4 M 5 N 6 K 7 N 8 M 9 L 10 L 11 * 12 N 13 M 14 N 15 N
DËi

16 M 17 L 18 M 19 N 20 K 21 K 22 N 23 L 24 K 25 L 26 L 27 K 28 K 29 L 30 N

m„Rbkxj
cÖkœ  01 weaev Avw¤^qv †eMg Aem‡ii mg¯@ UvKv e¨q K‡i `yB cyÎ I GK Kb¨v‡K †jLvcov wkwL‡q we‡q w`‡q‡Qb| †Q‡jiv cwievi
wb‡q XvKvq _v‡K| Zv‡`i my‡Li K_v wPš@v K‡i wZwb Lye Avb›` cvb, hw`I Zuvi †`Lv‡kvbvi g‡Zv †KD †bB| cy·`i msev` w`‡jI
PvKwi wb‡q e¨¯@ _vKvq Avm‡Z cv‡i bv| GK mgq Amy¯’ n‡q c‡ob Avw¤^qv †eMg| Ae¯’v Lvivc n‡j cÖwZ‡ekx w`bgyRyi R‡e`
Avwji †Q‡j AvwkK Zv‡K †`L‡Z Av‡m| me K_v ky‡b AvwkK Zuvi A‡bK cÖksmv K‡i| †m e‡j ÔAvcbvi g‡Zv gv N‡i N‡i `iKvi|Õ
K. Ôwk‡j‡clvÕ A_© Kx? 1
L. Ò†m Avi-GK AveR©bvÓ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Avwk‡Ki mv‡_ ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi †h Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ Av‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki Avw¤^qv †eMg I ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi j¶¥x eD †hb GKB m–‡Î Muv_vÓÑgš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv wePvi K‡iv| 4
1bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h Ôwk‡j‡clvÕ A_© wkj-cvUvq evUv|
i wbgMv‡Qi †Mvovq BU, cv_‡ii kvb w`‡q Pviw`K euvwa‡q †`Iqv‡K †jLK AveR©bv wn‡m‡e D‡jÐL K‡i‡Qb|
wbgMv‡Qi bvbv †flR MyY i‡q‡Q| KweivR Zvi wPwKrmvi Kv‡R, mvaviY gvbyl cÖvZ¨wnK cÖ‡qvR‡b wbgMv‡Qi cvZv, evKj, Wvjcvjv
BZ¨vw` me©`v e¨envi K‡i| wb‡R‡`i cÖ‡qvR‡b gvbyl G‡K †e‡o IVvi my‡hvM †`q Ges †KD †KD Gi †Mvovi Pviw`‡K kvb w`‡q euvwa‡q
†`q| Ae‡njv-Ah‡Zœ wbgMvQwUi ¯^vfvweK †mŠ›`h© bó nq e‡j Pvicv‡ki kvb euvav‡bv Ae¯’v‡KB †jLK AveR©bv e‡j‡Qb|
Dˇii g–jK_v : wbgMv‡Qi Pviw`‡K kvb w`‡q euvwa‡q †`Iqv‡K †jLK AveR©bv wn‡m‡e D‡jÐL K‡i‡Qb|
j DÏxc‡Ki Avwk‡Ki mv‡_ ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi Kwe Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡í wbgMv‡Qi wewfbœ DcKvwi w`K gvbyl †fvM K‡i| wKš‘ wbgMv‡Qi †KD hZœ †bqbv| GgbwK wbgMv‡Qi †KD cÖksmv K‡ibv|
nVvr GKw`b GK Kwe wbgMvQwU †`‡L Lye gy» nb| wbgMvQwUi iƒc I My‡Y Awff‚Z n‡q gy» `„wó‡Z †P‡q _v‡Kb| wZwb wbgMvQwUi
f‚qwm cÖksmv K‡ib| wZwb Kwe nIqvq wbgMvQwUi Qvj Zzj‡jb bv, cvZv wQo‡jb bv GgbwK WvjI fvO‡jb bv| †Kej wbgMvQwUi
cÖksmv K‡i P‡j †M‡jb|
DÏxc‡Ki weaev Avw¤^qv †eMg Zvi `yB cyÎ I GK Kb¨v‡K †jLvcov wkwL‡q we‡q w`‡q‡Qb| Zvi †Q‡jiv GLb cwievi wb‡q XvKvq
_v‡K| Zvi †Q‡jiv Kg©e¨¯@Zvi Kvi‡Y Zv‡K †`L‡Z Av‡m bv| Avw¤^qv †eMg Lye Amy¯’ n‡j cÖwZ‡ekx AvwkK Zv‡K †`L‡Z Av‡m|
AvwkK Avw¤^qv †eM‡gi Lye cÖksmv K‡i| Avwk‡Ki G cÖksmvi w`KwU ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi Kwei cÖksmvi mv‡_B wgj i‡q‡Q| myZivs
DÏxc‡Ki Avwk‡Ki mv‡_ ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi Kwe Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Avwk‡Ki mv‡_ ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi Kwe Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki Avw¤^qv †eMg I ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi j¶¥xeD †hb GKB m–‡Î Muv_v|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡í wbgMvQwU cÖZxKx A‡_© e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q| wbgMv‡Qi Aš@iv‡j g–jZ M„nea–‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| M„nea– msmvi‡K AvM‡j
iv‡L| msmv‡ii hveZxq KvR †m m¤•v`b K‡i| wKš‘ Zvi Kv‡Ri cÖksmv †KD K‡i bv| Zvi †Kv‡bv †LuvR-Lei iv‡L bv| Abv`i I
Ae‡njv‡ZB M„nea–i w`b †K‡U hvq|
DÏxc‡Ki weaev Avw¤^qv †eMg Zvi `yB †Q‡j I GK †g‡q‡K †jLvcov wkwL‡q cÖwZwôZ K‡i‡Qb| Zviv GLb wb‡R‡`i wb‡q e¨¯@ _v‡K|
Avw¤^qv †eM‡gi †Kv‡bv †LuvR-Lei †KD iv‡L bv| Avw¤^qv †eMg GLb e‡ov GKv| Zv‡K †`Lvi g‡Zv †KD †bB| cy·`i msev` w`‡jI
†KD Avm‡Z cv‡i bv| GKevi Avw¤^qv †eMg Myi“Zi Amy¯’ n‡jI Zvi mš@v‡biv Zv‡K †`L‡Z Av‡m bv|
ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi M„nea–wU msmv‡i Ae‡njvi wkKvi n‡q‡Q| M„nea– wn‡m‡e †h AwaKvi Zvi cÖ‡qvRb Zv †m cvqwb| †m hv †c‡q‡Q Zv n‡jv
Abv`i I Ae‡njv| GgbwK Zvi Kv‡Ri ¯^xK…wZI †bB KviI Kv‡Q| DÏxc‡Ki Avw¤^qv †eMgI M„nea–i g‡ZvB Ae‡njvi wkKvi n‡q‡Qb|
Zvi †Q‡jiv GLb Avi †LuvR-Lei iv‡L bv| G `„wó‡KvY †_‡K cÖZxqgvb nq, DÏxc‡Ki Avw¤^qv †eMg I ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi j¶¥x eD GKB
m–‡Î Muv_v|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ÒDÏxc‡Ki Avw¤^qv †eMg I ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi j¶¥xeD †hb GKB m–‡Î Muv_v|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  108

cÖkœ  02 †ckv Zvi `wR©wMwi wKš‘ †bkv Zvi eBcov| evj¨Kv‡j wcZv gviv hvIqvq cÂg †kÖwYi ci Avi co‡Z cv‡iwb Kv‡kg wgqv|
Z‡e eBcovi †bkv †_‡KB evwoi cv‡k cÖvq `yB nvRvi eB wb‡q M‡o Zz‡j‡Q Ô¯^cœ Mwo jvB‡eªwiÕ| MÖv‡gi †Qv‡Uv-e‡ov mevB †mLv‡b
ÁvbPP©v K‡i| wk¶v_©xiv cvV¨eB‡qi cvkvcvwk Ab¨vb¨ eBI c‡o| wKš‘ e¨emvqx gvgyb †gvj¨v Zvi mš@vb‡K H jvB‡eªwi‡Z †h‡Z wb‡la
K‡i e‡jb, Ô†Zvgvi G‡Zv Ávb AR©‡bi `iKvi †bB, evmvq cÖvB‡fU wk¶K †i‡LwQ| Zvi Kv‡Q c‡o (G+) AR©b K‡iv|Õ
K. †ckv`vi‡`i gnvåvwš@ Kx? 1
L. mvwnZ¨PP©vi mydj m¤^‡Ü A‡b‡KB mw›`nvb †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki gvgyb †gvj¨vi g‡bvfve ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †h w`KwU wb‡`©k K‡i Zv e¨vLv K‡iv| 3
N. ÒKv‡kg wgqvi D‡`¨v‡Mi g‡a¨B cÖ_g †PŠayixi AvKv¸¶vi h_v_© cÖwZdjb N‡U‡QÓÑgš@e¨wUi †hŠw³KZv hvPvB K‡iv| 4
2bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h †h K_v R‡R †kv‡b bv, Zvi †h-†Kv‡bv g–j¨ †bB †mwUB n‡jv †ckv`vi‡`i gnvåvwš@|
i mvwnZ¨PP©vi †Kv‡bv bM` evRvi`i †bB e‡j Gi mydj m¤•‡K© A‡b‡KB mw›`nvb|
ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †jLK g‡b K‡ib mgv‡Ri A‡b‡KB mvwn‡Z¨i im Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z cÖ¯‘Z bv _vK‡jI wk¶vi dj jv‡fi Rb¨ D`&evny
n‡q _v‡Kb| Zv‡`i wek¦vm, wk¶v Zv‡`i Mv‡qi R¡vjv I †Pv‡Li Rj DfqB `–i Ki‡e| mvwnZ¨PP©vi mydj m¤•‡K© †jv‡K †h m‡›`n K‡i,
Zvi Kvi‡Y G wk¶vi dj nv‡Z nv‡Z cvIqv hvq bv, A_©vr Zvi †Kv‡bv bM` evRvi`i †bB|
Dˇii g–jK_v : mvwnZ¨PP©vi †Kv‡bv bM` evRvi`i †bB e‡j Gi mydj m¤•‡K© A‡b‡KB mw›`nvb|
j DÏxc‡Ki gvgyb †gvj¨vi g‡bvfve ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü D‡jÐwLZ mvwnZ¨PP©vi cÖwZ Avgv‡`i Abxnvi w`KwU‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|
ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü cÖvewÜK eB cov Z_v mvwnZ¨PP©vi Myi“Z¡ m¤•‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Ki‡Z wM‡q mvwnZ¨PP©vi cÖwZ Avgv‡`i Abxnvi w`KwU‡K
D‡š§vPb K‡i‡Qb| wZwb AZ¨š@ †L‡`i m‡½ D‡jÐL K‡i‡Qb †h Avgv‡`i †`‡k A_©Kix bq, Ggb †h-†Kv‡bv welq‡KB Avgiv Ab_©K g‡b
Kwi| mvwnZ¨PP©vI Gi e¨wZµg bq|
DÏxc‡Ki gvgyb †gvj¨v g‡b K‡ib, cix¶vq fv‡jv dj jvfB wk¶vi g–j D‡Ïk¨| G Kvi‡Y wZwb Zvi mš@vb‡K jvB‡eªwi‡Z bv wM‡q
cÖvB‡fU wk¶‡Ki Kv‡Q cov‡kvbv K‡i cix¶vq fv‡jv †iRvë Kivi Rb¨ ZvMv`v †`b| GKBfv‡e, ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡ÜI cÖvewÜK
mvwnZ¨PP©v wel‡q Avgv‡`i msKxY© gvbwmKZvi ¯^iƒc D‡š§vPb K‡i‡Qb| wZwb †`wL‡q‡Qb, mivmwi Kv‡R Av‡m bv Ggb †h-†Kv‡bv wKQy‡KB
Avgv‡`i †`‡k g–j¨nxb g‡b Kiv nq| G Kvi‡YB Avgv‡`i †`‡ki †ckv`viiv †ckvi mv‡_ mswkÐó eB cÖPzi wKb‡jI mvwn‡Z¨i eB wKb‡Z
AvMÖnx bq| DÏxc‡Ki gvgyb †gvj¨vi gvbwmKZvI GKB iKg| Zvi GB g‡bvfve ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü D‡jÐwLZ mvwnZ¨PP©vi cÖwZ Avgv‡`i
Abxnvi w`KwU‡KB wb‡`©k K‡i|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü cÖvewÜK eB cov Z_v mvwnZ¨PP©vi Myi“Z¡ m¤•‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Ki‡Z wM‡q mvwnZ¨PP©vi cÖwZ Avgv‡`i Abxnvi
w`KwU‡K D‡š§vPb K‡i‡Qb| DÏxc‡Ki gvgyb †gvj¨vi g‡bvfve Av‡jvP¨ cÖe‡Üi G w`KwU‡KB wb‡`©k K‡i|

k DÏxc‡Ki Kv‡kg wgqvi D‡`¨vM mvwnZ¨PP©vi Myi“Z‡¡ K †K›`ª K‡i M‡o IVvq Zv‡Z ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi g–j †PZbvi cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q |
ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi cÖvewÜK g‡b K‡ib, Avgv‡`i wk¶vcÖwZôvb †_‡K jä wk¶v c–Y©v½ bq| Giƒc D‡Ïk¨ cÖ‡Yvw`Z wk¶vq wk¶v_©xi
h_v_© gvbwmK weKvk †Zv nq-B bv eis wk¶v_©xiv covi cÖwZ AvMÖnB nvwi‡q †d‡j| G‡¶‡Î cÖPwjZ wk¶vi evB‡i mvg_©¨ I i“wPgvwdK
mvwnZ¨PP©vi ga¨ w`‡q e¨w³ h_v_© wkw¶Z n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i|
DÏxc‡K Kv‡kg wgqv bv‡gi GK AvÍm‡PZb e¨w³i K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| eB cov Z_v mvwnZ¨PP©vi Myi“Z¡ m¤•‡K© wZwb IqvwKenvj| G
Kvi‡Y cÖvwZôvwbK wk¶vq wkw¶Z n‡Z bv cvi‡jI wZwb eB cov‡K GKiKg †bkvq cwiYZ K‡i‡Qb| †mRb¨B wbR D‡`¨v‡M wZwb `yB
nvRvi eB‡qi msMÖn wb‡q GK wekvj jvB‡eªwi M‡o Zz‡j‡Qb, hv‡Z Zvi cvkvcvwk Ab¨ivI †mLv‡b eB c‡o Av‡jvwKZ n‡Z cv‡i|
Av‡jvP¨ ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡ÜI cÖvewÜK mvwnZ¨PP©vi gva¨‡g wkw¶Z n‡q IVvi Rb¨ jvB‡eªwi cÖwZôvi K_v e‡j‡Qb|
ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü cÖvewÜK mvwnZ¨PP©v‡K †`‡L‡Qb mywkw¶Z nIqvi Dcvq wn‡m‡e| Zuvi g‡Z, †h‡nZz Avgv‡`i ¯‹zj-K‡jR †_‡K AwR©Z
wk¶v c–Y©v½ bq, †m‡nZz jvB‡eªwi‡Z wM‡q e¨w³ Zvi mvg_©¨ I AvMÖn Abyhvqx eB c‡o mywkw¶Z n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i| ZvQvov Avgv‡`i
g‡bvRvMwZK weKv‡kI mvwnZ¨PP©vi weKí †bB| Gi cÖavb Dcvq n‡jv jvB‡eªwi cÖwZôv Kiv| DÏxc‡Ki Kv‡kg wgqv G welqwU‡K
Dcjwä K‡iB wbR D‡`¨v‡M Ô¯^cœ Mwo jvB‡eªwiÕ bv‡gi GK jvB‡eªwi cÖwZôv K‡i‡Qb, †hLv‡b Ab¨ivI G‡m i“wPgvwdK mvwnZ¨PP©v Ki‡Z
cv‡i| Zvi GB D‡`¨vM cÖK…Zc‡¶ Av‡jvP¨ cÖe‡Üi cÖvew܇Ki fvebv‡KB Zz‡j a‡i| †m we‡ePbvq, cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_h_ A_©en|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Kv‡kg wgqv mvwnZ¨PP©vi Myi“Z¡ m¤•‡K© IqvwKenvj| G Kvi‡Y wbR D‡`¨v‡M wZwb GK wekvj jvB‡eªwi M‡o Zz‡j‡Qb|
msMZ Kvi‡YB Zvi GB D‡`¨vM ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi cÖvew܇Ki fvebv‡KB Zz‡j a‡i|
cÖkœ  03 wjRv Z…Zxq †kÖwY‡Z c‡o| Zv‡`i evwo‡Z Zvi mgeqwm jwZdv bv‡g GKwU Kv‡Ri †g‡q _v‡K| Afv‡ei Zvobvq †m G
evwo‡Z Kv‡R G‡m‡Q| wjRv Zvi mv‡_ †Ljvayjv I Mí Ki‡Z Pvq| wKš‘ wjRvi gv I‡`i `yR‡bi GKmv‡_ †`L‡jB eKv †`q| wjRv Ii
gv‡qi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z jwZdvi mv‡_ KL‡bv KL‡bv cyZzj †L‡j, wUwf †`‡L| wKš‘ jwZdv wjRvi mv‡_ wgk‡Z fq cvq KviY wbRvi gv
hw` †`‡L †d‡j|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  109

K. ggZvw`i gvB‡b KZ UvKv wVK Kiv n‡jv? 1

L. ÔKv‡iv Kv‡Q hv cvB bv, Zzwg Zv †`‡e †KbÕ K_vwU ejvi KviY Kx? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. jwZdvi mv‡_ ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw`i mv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki wjRvi gv †hb, ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi M„nKΩxi wecixZ gvbwmKZv aviY K‡i‡QÓÑgš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
3bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h ggZvw`i gvB‡b 15 UvKv wVK Kiv n‡jv|
i M„nKΩxi †Qv‡Uv †Q‡jwUi fv‡jvevmvi cwiPq †c‡q ggZvw` cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³wU K‡i|
ggZvw` ¯^vgxi PvKwi hvIqvq msmv‡ii Afve-AbUb `–i Kivi Rb¨ M„nKg©xi KvR †bq| evwoi †Qv‡Uv †LvKvi mv‡_ ggZvi mL¨ M‡o
I‡V| GKw`b ggZvi Mv‡j P‡oi `vM †`‡L †LvKv Zvi Mv‡j nvZ eywj‡q w`‡q Av`i Ki‡Z Pvq| ZLb ggZv Zv‡K ey‡K †P‡c a‡i e‡j,
Kv‡iv Kv‡Q hv cvB bv, Zzwg Zv †`‡e †Kb?
Dˇii g–jK_v : evwoi †Qv‡Uv †Q‡jwUi fv‡jvevmvq ggZvw` cÖ‡kœv³ K_vwU e‡j‡Q|
j Afv‡ei Zvobvq A‡b¨i evwo‡Z M„nKg©xi KvR †bIqvi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki jwZdvi mv‡_ ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw`i mv`„k¨ j¶
Kiv hvq|
ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw` GKRb `vwqZ¡kxj M„nKg©x| ¯^vgxi PvKwi P‡j hvIqvq gh©v`vm¤•bœ N‡ii eD n‡qI GKiKg eva¨ n‡qB Zv‡K
M„nKg©xi KvR wb‡Z nq| Z‡e Afv‡ei Zvobvq A‡b¨i evwo‡Z KvR Ki‡jI AvÍm¤§vb‡eva Zvi AUzU wQj| wb‡Ri Kg©wbôv I e¨w³Z¡
w`‡q Aíw`‡bi g‡a¨B †m †jLK‡`i evwoi mK‡ji gb Rq K‡i †bq|
DÏxc‡K jwZdv bv‡gi GK M„nKg©xi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y wkky eq‡mB Zv‡K wjRv‡`i evwo‡Z M„nKg©x wn‡m‡e Kv‡R bvg‡Z
nq| d‡j ˆkk‡ei Avb›` †_‡K †m ewÂZ nq| Ab¨w`‡K, ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw` gh©v`vm¤•bœ N‡ii M„nea–| Zvi GKwU †Q‡jI i‡q‡Q|
GgZve¯’vq, nVvr Zvi ¯^vgx PvKwi nvwi‡q †eKvi n‡q c‡o| d‡j msmv‡ii LiP Pvjv‡Z Zv‡K wngwkg †L‡Z nq| ZvB GKiKg eva¨
n‡qB Zv‡K †jLK‡`i evwo‡Z M„nKgx© wn‡m‡e Kv‡R bvg‡Z nq, †hgbwU DÏxc‡Ki jwZdvi †¶‡ÎI cwijw¶Z nq| G w`K †_‡K
DÏxc‡Ki jwZdvi mv‡_ ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw`i mv`„k¨ j¶ Kiv hvq|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ¯^vgxi PvKwi P‡j hvIqvq GKiKg eva¨ n‡qB ggZvw`‡K M„nKg©xi KvR wb‡Z nq| GKBfv‡e, wkky nIqv m‡Ë¡I Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y
jwZdv‡K A‡b¨i evwo‡Z KvR Ki‡Z nq| Gw`K †_‡K Zv‡`i g‡a¨ mv`„k¨ cÖZxqgvb nq|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki wjRvi gv †hb ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi M„nKÎx©i wecixZ gvbwmKZv aviY Ki‡QÓ Ñ ÔggZvw`Õ Mí Ges DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K
gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi Ab¨Zg PwiÎ MíK_‡Ki gv| Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y eva¨ n‡q ggZvw` MíK_K‡`i evwo‡Z KvR wb‡j MíK_‡Ki gv Zv‡K
Avš@wiKfv‡e MÖnY K‡ib| ZvQvov wZwb ggZvw`i `vwqZ¡kxj AvPiY Ges Kg©wbôv‡K h_vh_ g–j¨vqb K‡i‡Qb Ges Zvi cÖwZ †ønkxj
wQ‡jb|
DÏxc‡Ki jwZdv GKRb wkky| Zv m‡Ë¡I `vwi‡`ªi Kvi‡Y eva¨ n‡q Zv‡K wjRv‡`i evwo‡Z KvR wb‡Z nq| GgZve¯’vq mgeqwm
wjRvi m‡½ Zvi †Lj‡Z B‡”Q nq| Zvi m‡½ K_v ej‡Z Pvq †m| wKš‘ wjRvi gv welqwU †gv‡UI fv‡jvfv‡e †bb bv| ZvB I‡`i
GKmv‡_ †`L‡jB wZwb eKvSKv kyi“ K‡ib| e¯‘Z, M„nKgx© jwZdvi m‡½ †g‡qi †Kv‡bv msmªe _vKzK wZwb Zv gvb‡Z cv‡ib bv e‡jB
Zv‡`i GKmv‡_ †`L‡j eKzwb †`b|
ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw` mvsmvwiK Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y MíK_K‡`i evwo‡Z M„nKgx©i KvR wb‡Z eva¨ nb| Z‡e MíK_‡Ki gvmn evwoi
†jv‡K‡`i Avš@wiKZvi Kvi‡YB ¯^vgxi †ivRMv‡ii e¨e¯’v n‡jI ggZvw` †mLvb †_‡K PvKwi Qvo‡Z Pvbwb| ej‡Z †M‡j MíK_‡Ki
gv‡qi mv‡_ ggZvw`i GK ai‡bi AvwÍK m¤•K© ˆZwi n‡qwQj| c¶vš@‡i, DÏxc‡Ki wjRvi gv Kv‡Ri †g‡q e‡j jwZdvi mv‡_ wb‡Ri
†g‡qi †gjv‡gkv‡K fv‡jvfv‡e †`‡Lbwb| Gfv‡e GKwU wkkyi mv‡_ wZwb ˆelg¨g–jK AvPiY K‡i‡Qb| msMZ Kvi‡YB Zvi GB AvPiY
Av‡jvP¨ M‡íi MíK_‡Ki AvPi‡Yi wecixZ| Gw`K we‡ePbvq, cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_vh_|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ggZvw` MíK_K‡`i evwo‡Z KvR wb‡j MíK_‡Ki gv Zv‡K Avš@wiKfv‡e MÖnY K‡ib Ges Zvi cÖwZ †ønkxj _v‡Kb| c¶vš@‡i,
DÏxc‡Ki wjRvi gv Kv‡Ri †g‡q e‡j jwZdvi mv‡_ ˆelg¨g–jK AvPiY K‡i‡Qb| Zvi GB AvPiY Av‡jvP¨ M‡íi MíK_‡Ki AvPi‡Yi wecixZ|
cÖkœ  04 Zcyi eqm Qq eQi| †m ivZ n‡jI Nygv‡Z Pvq bv| Zcyi gv myivBqv †eMg †Póv K‡i e¨_© n‡q kvkywo‡K e‡jb, Ôgv Avcwb
Zcy‡K GKUz Nyg cvovb, Avwg wR-evsjvi wmwiqvjUv †`‡L Avwm|Õ Zcyi `vw` e‡jb, ÔAv‡mv `v`yfvB, †Zvgv‡K Wvwjg Kzgv‡ii Mí ewj|Õ
wKš‘ Zcy e‡j, Ôbv, Avwg Wwigb KvUz©b †`L‡ev|Õ `vw` fv‡ebÑ Avgv‡`i AZxZ Rxe‡bi MíMy‡jv hw` euvwP‡q ivLv †hZ Zvn‡j KZB bv
fv‡jv n‡Zv| wZwb Avd‡mvm K‡i e‡jb, ÔKx hyM AvB‡jv‡i, wR-evsjv Avi Wwigb me LvB‡jv †i!Õ
K. f‚‡qv`k©b Kx? 1
L. cwjÐMvbMy‡jv‡K Ag–j¨ iZœwe‡kl ejv n‡q‡Q †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Zcy I Zvi gv‡qi gvbwmKZvq ÔcwjÐmvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Üi †h w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki `vw`i wPš@v-†PZbvB cv‡i ÔcwjÐmvwnZ¨Õ cÖeÜ †jL‡Ki AvKv¸¶v c–Y© Ki‡Z|ÓÑgš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  110

4bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb

h Ôf‚‡qv`k©bÕ A_© cÖPzi †`Lv I †kvbvi gva¨‡g AwR©Z AwfÁZv|
i cwj­i MvbMy‡jv hyM hyM a‡i jvwjZ cwj­gvby‡li g–j¨evb Rxebv‡jL¨ e‡j GMy‡jv Ag–j¨ iZœwe‡kl|
cwj­Rxe‡bi m‡½ m¤•K©h³ y cwj­MvbMy‡jv eû hyM a‡i gvby‡li gy‡L gy‡L Qwo‡q Av‡Q| G MvbMy‡jvi K_vq, my‡i Ges MvqwK‡Z KZ †cÖg
Av‡Q Zvi Zzjbv †bB| cwj­i cÖK…wZ, Rxeb Ges gvby‡li AwfÁZvjä Ávb I `k©‡bi cÖKvk N‡U Gme Mv‡b| wewPÎ Gme Mv‡bi g‡a¨
i‡q‡Q Rvwi, mvwi, evDj, KxZ©b, fvwUqvwj, ivLvwj, gvidwZ, gywk©w`, KweMvb, cvjvMvb BZ¨vw`| ˆewPΨc–Y© G wecyj msMxZ fvÛv‡ii
Zzjbv mviv c„w_ex‡Z †bB| GMy‡jv Ag–j¨ i‡Zœi g‡ZvB Avgv‡`i wbR¯^ m¤•`|
Dˇii g–jK_v : cwj­i MvbMy‡jv hyM hyM a‡i jvwjZ cwj­gvby‡li g–j¨evb Rxebv‡jL¨ e‡j GMy‡jv Ag–j¨ iZœwe‡kl|
j DÏxc‡Ki Zcy I Zvi gv‡qi gvbwmKZvq Ôcwj­mvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Ü DwjÐwLZ AvaywbK wk¶vi Kg©bvkv †mªv‡Z Mv fvmv‡bvi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
cwj­mvwn‡Z¨i bvbv DcKiY cwj­i gvby‡li Rxe‡bi m‡½ Mfxifv‡e Rwo‡q Av‡Q| wKš‘ AvaywbK hvwš¿K mf¨Zvi hy‡M gvbyl cwj­i
ms¯•k© †_‡K w`b w`b `–‡i m‡i hv‡”Q| d‡j kn‡ii gvby‡li Kv‡Q cwj­i RxebvPiY AviI †ewk ARvbv †_‡K hv‡”Q|
DÏxc‡Ki Zcyi gv †`kxq ms¯‹…wZi cÖwZ kÖ×vkxj bb| wZwb wb‡R †hgb we‡`wk wmwjqv‡j Avm³ †Zgwb †Q‡j‡KI we‡`wk KvU©yb
Wwig‡bi g‡Zv bvbv wel‡q AvMÖnx K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb| d‡j †QvÆ Zcy `v`xi Kv‡Q Wvwjg Kzgv‡ii Mí †kvbvi cwie‡Z© Wwigb †`Lvi Ave`vi
K‡i| Av‡jvP¨ ÔcwjÐmvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡ÜI cÖvewÜK G w`KwUi K_v D‡jÐL K‡i Av‡¶c K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi g‡Z, AvaywbK wk¶vi Kg©bvkv †mªv‡Z
cwj­mvwn‡Z¨i wewfbœ Dcv`vb we¯§„wZi AZj M‡f© Zwj‡q hv‡”Q, †hgbwU Zcyi gv I Zcyi AvPi‡YI cwijw¶Z nq| Zv‡`i GB g‡bvfve
Ôcwj­mvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Üi AvaywbK wk¶vi Kg©bvkv †mªv‡Z Mv fvmv‡bvi w`KwU‡K g‡b Kwi‡q †`q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ÔcwjÐmvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Üi cÖvew܇Ki g‡Z, AvaywbK wk¶vi Kg©bvkv †mªv‡Z cwj­mvwn‡Z¨i wewfbœ Dcv`vb we¯§„wZi AZj M‡f© Zwj‡q
hv‡”Q, †hgbwU Zcyi gv I Zcyi AvPi‡YI cwijw¶Z nq|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki `vw`i wPš@v-†PZbvB cv‡i ÔcwjÐmvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki AvKv¸¶v c–Y© Ki‡Z|ÓÑ Dw³wU h_v_©|
cwj­mvwnZ¨ gv‡b MÖv‡gi gvby‡li m„ó mvwnZ¨| Ggb mvwnZ¨ Avgv‡`i †`‡ki HwZ‡n¨i aviK I evnK| GKmgq Avgv‡`i cwj­mvwnZ¨
h‡_ó mg„× wQj| wKš‘ Kv‡ji Ave‡Z© msi¶Y I cÖmv‡ii Afv‡e Ag–j¨ GB mvwnZ¨ Avw½KwU AvR wejywßi c‡_| G‡¶‡Î m‡PZbZv
I msi¶‡Yi gvbwmKZvB cv‡i aŸs‡mi nvZ †_‡K cwjÐmvwnZ¨‡K i¶v Ki‡Z|
DÏxc‡Ki `vw` cwjÐmvwnZ¨ fv‡jvev‡mb| G Kvi‡YB wZwb bvwZ Zcy‡K Wvwjg Kzgv‡ii Kvwnwb kywb‡q Nyg cvov‡Z Pvb| wKš‘ we‡`wk
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Ave`vi Ki‡Z _v‡K| bvwZi G ai‡bi Ave`vi ky‡b Ges wb‡R‡`i mvwnZ¨-m¤•‡`i Ki“Y `kv †`‡L `vw` ZvB gg©vnZ nb| cwjÐmvwn‡Z¨i
cÖwZ fv‡jvevmvB Zvi GB Av‡¶‡ci KviY|
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Avgv‡`i AZxZ HwZn¨ I †MŠie cÖKvk cvq| evsjv cwj­mvwnZ¨ †hgbÑ ˆggbwmsn MxwZKv, cÖev`, cwj­Mvb, DcK_v, i–cK_v, Qov BZ¨vw`
welq cÖvewÜK msMÖn I msi¶‡Yi Myi“Z¡ wb‡q cÖe‡Ü Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| GMy‡jv‡K msi¶‡Y mevB‡K GwM‡q Avm‡Z n‡e| Avi G‡¶‡Î
me©v‡MÖ cÖ‡qvRb cwjÐmvwn‡Z¨i cÖwZ AbyivM I m‡PZbZv| DÏxc‡Ki `v`xi gv‡SI G welqwU fv‡jvfv‡e j¶ Kiv hvq| G w`K
we‡ePbvq, cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_vh_|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Ôcwj­mvwnZ¨Õ cÖe‡Ü cÖvewÜK cwj­mvwn‡Z¨i Dcv`vbMy‡jv msi¶‡Yi AvnŸvb Rvwb‡q‡Qb| DÏxc‡Ki `vw`i gv‡SI Ggb g‡bvfve
cwijw¶Z nq|
cÖkœ  05 jybv †jLvcov Kivi Rb¨ Av‡gwiKvq hvq| mvZ eQi ci †`‡k wd‡i Zvi †`‡ki gvbyl Avi gvby‡li fvlv †Zgb GKUv fv‡jv
jv‡M bv| jybv e‡j evsjv w`‡q c„w_exi †Kv_vI wKQy Kiv hvq bv| K_vq K_vq Bs‡iwR e‡j Avi evsjv fvlvi cÖwZ AeÁvi fve cÖKvk
K‡i| Zvi AvPi‡Y ¯‹zjwk¶K w¶ß n‡q D‡Vb| wZwb e‡jb, ÔG fvlvi Rb¨B gvbyl Rxeb w`‡q‡Qb|Õ G fvlvq Kwe †M‡q D‡Vb Ô†gv‡`i
Mie †gv‡`i Avkv, Av-gwi evsjv fvlv|Õ
K. Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvwU †Kvb mg‡q iwPZ? 1
L. Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvq Ôwn›`yi A¶iÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. jybvi AvPi‡Y Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvq hv‡`i gvbwmKZv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i Zv‡`i ¯^i–c e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Ô¯‹zj wk¶‡Ki g‡bvfve †hb Kwe Ave`yj nvwK‡gi g‡bvfv‡eiB cÖwZ”Qwe|ÕÑgš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
5bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvwU ga¨hy‡M iwPZ|
i Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvq Ôwn›`yi A¶iÕ ej‡Z Kwe evsjv fvlv‡K eywS‡q‡Qb|
evsjv fvlvi Drm ˆew`K fvlv; A_©vr wn›`y m¤cÖ`v‡qi ag©MÖš’ †e` †_‡K G‡m‡Q| ZvB wKQy AÁ gymwjg †jLK evsjv fvlv‡K wn›`yi A¶i
e‡j Ae‡njv Ki‡Zb| Aviwe-dviwm fvlvq AvjÐvn I gnvbwe (m.)-Gi ¯@ywZ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q weavq Zviv G `y‡Uv fvlv‡K AwZwi³ fw³
Ki‡Zb| Avm‡j AÁZv I msKxY© mv¤cÖ`vwqK `„wófw½i Kvi‡Y Zviv evsjv A¶i‡K Ôwn›`yi A¶iÕ e‡j we‡ePbv Ki‡Zb|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvq Ôwn›`yi A¶iÕ ej‡Z Kwe evsjv fvlv‡K eywS‡q‡Qb|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  111

j DÏxc‡Ki jybvi AvPiY Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi gvZ…fvlv we‡Ølx‡`i g‡bvfve‡K wb‡`©k K‡i, hviv g–jZ AbyKiYwcÖq I ciMvQv ¯^fvevcbœ|
Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvq Kwe gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ Mfxi Dcjwä I wek¦v‡mi K_v wbwØ©avq e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| we‡`wk fvlvi cÖwZ Zvi †Kv‡bv we‡Øl
†bB| wKš‘ hviv G‡`‡k Rb¥MÖnY K‡iI gvZ…fvlv evsjv‡K fvlv‡K AeÁv K‡i, Kwe Zv‡`i cÖwZ ZxeÖ †¶vf cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| Zv‡`i GB
AK…ZÁ g‡bvfve Kwe‡K e¨w_Z K‡i|
DÏxc‡Ki jybv we‡`wk fvlv I ms¯‹…wZi cÖwZ Abyi³| Avi ZvB `xN© mvZ eQi ci †`‡k wd‡iI gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ †m †Kv‡bv Uvb Abyfe
K‡i bv| Dciš‘ ˆewk¦K MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv †bB D‡jÐL K‡i gvZ…fvlv evsjv‡K †m AeÁv K‡i| Av‡jvP¨ Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvqI Kwe gvZ…fvlv
we‡Ølx‡`i Ggb g‡bvfve Zz‡j a‡i †kÐl cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| †Kbbv, G ai‡bi e¨w³eM© G‡`‡k Rš§ wb‡jI ¯^‡`k I ¯^fvlvi cÖwZ Zv‡`i
we›`ygvÎ fv‡jvevmv †bB| G cÖK…wZi gvby‡liv wb‡R‡`i †kKo fz‡j we‡`wk fvlv I ms¯‹…wZi AÜ AbyKi‡YB AwaK e¨¯@| msMZ
Kvi‡YB Kwe ciMvQv ¯^fv‡ei GmKj e¨w³i Rš§ cwiPq wb‡q cÖkœ Zz‡j‡Qb|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki jybvi AvPiY Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi gvZ…fvlv we‡Ølx‡`i g‡bvfve‡K wb‡`©k K‡i, hviv g–jZ AbyKiYwcÖq I ciMvQv ¯^fvevcbœ|
k wbR fvlvi cÖwZ AbyivM Ges gvZ„fvlv we‡ivax‡`i cÖwZ †kÐl cÖKv‡ki m–‡Î DÏxc‡Ki ¯‹zj wk¶‡Ki g‡bvfve Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi Kwe
Ave`yj nvwK‡gi g‡bvfv‡eiB cÖwZ”Qwe|
Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi g–jfve gvZ„fvlvcÖxwZ| evsjv fvlvi m‡½ Kweü`‡qi i‡q‡Q wbweo m¤•K©| Avi ZvB cy‡iv KweZv Ry‡oB gvZ„fvlvi
cÖwZ Mfxi fv‡jvevmv e¨³ K‡i‡Qb Kwe| Ab¨ fvlvi cÖwZ Kwei we‡Øl †bB| wKš‘ gvZ„fvlvi cÖwZ AeÁvKvix‡`i cÖwZ wZwb ZxeÖ †kÐl
cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| †Kbbv, Kwei `„wó‡Z gvZ„fvlvi †P‡q wnZKi Avi wKQy n‡Z cv‡i bv|
DÏxc‡Ki ¯‹zj wk¶‡Ki e³‡e¨ gvZ„fvlvi cÖwZ ZxeÖ AbyivM cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| gvbweK †evam¤•bœ †h‡Kv‡bv e¨w³i Kv‡QB Zvi gvZ„fvlv
AZ¨š@ Zvrch© enb K‡i| ZvQvov Av‡eM-Abyf‚wZi myôz cÖKv‡kI gvZ…fvlv evsjvB Avgv‡`i cÖavb Aej¤^b| G Kvi‡Y gvZ…fvlv‡K
Aeg–j¨vqb K‡i wk¶v-ms¯‹…wZi †Kv‡bv †¶‡ÎB DbœwZ Kiv m¤¢eci bq| msMZ Kvi‡YB evsjv fvlv‡K wb‡q jybvi AeÁvg–jK g‡bvfve
j¶ K‡i DÏxc‡Ki ¯‹zj wk¶K w¶ß n‡q I‡Vb|
Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvq Kwe gvZ„fvlvi cÖwZ Mfxi AbyivM cÖKv‡ki cvkvcvwk gvZ„fvlv AeÁKvix‡`i cÖwZ ZxeÖ †¶v‡fi ewntcÖKvk
NwU‡q‡Qb| wZwb g‡b K‡ib, gvZ„fvlv evsjvi mv‡_ Avgv‡`i cÖv‡Yi m¤•K© we`¨gvb| myL-`ytL, nvwm-Kvbœv, Avb›`-†e`bvi wewPÎ
Abyf‚wZ cÖKv‡k G fvlvB Avgv‡`i GKgvÎ Aej¤^b| ZvB gvZ„fvlvi cÖwZ Avgv‡`i mK‡ji kÖ×vkxj nIqv DwPZ| ZeyI hviv
gvZ„fvlv‡K AeÁv K‡i we‡`wk fvlvi AbyKiY Ki‡Z Pvq, Ggb nxb g‡bvfvevcbœ †jvK‡`i G‡`k †Q‡o P‡j hvIqvB msMZ| DÏxc‡Ki
¯‹zj wk¶‡Ki AvPi‡YI Ggb g‡bvfve cwijw¶Z nq| †mw`K we‡ePbvq, cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_vh_ A_©en|
Dˇii g–jK_v : wbR fvlvi cÖwZ AbyivM Ges gvZ„fvlv we‡ivax‡`i cÖwZ †kÐl cÖKv‡ki m–‡Î DÏxc‡Ki ¯‹zj wk¶‡Ki e³e¨ Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi Kwei
g‡bvfv‡eiB cÖZxK|
cÖkœ  06 Rwgjv †eMg gyw³hy‡× ¯^vgx, mš@vb nvwi‡q `yt‡Li mvM‡i AvR fvm‡Q| wZwb †`‡L‡Qb, b`x‡Z, iv¯@v-Nv‡U, eb-R½‡j
AmsL¨ jvk| gvbyl wbivc` AvkÖ‡qi †Luv‡R cvwo w`‡q‡Q `–i-`–iv‡š@i c_| A_P GKgvÎ mš@vb Rxeb w`‡q Zv‡K Dcnvi w`‡q‡Qb
¯^vaxb gvbwPÎ| ZvB †Zv Rvwgjvi †Pv‡L AvU‡K _v‡K jvj-meyR cZvKv|
K. kvgmyi ivngv‡bi KweZvq †Kvb ˆewkó¨ mv_©Kfv‡e cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? 1
L. Kwe ÔLvÊe`vnbÕ w`‡q Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? 2
M. DÏxc‡K Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvi †h wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔDÏxc‡K Rwgjv †eM‡gi †Q‡ji g‡Zv AmsL¨ gvby‡li AvÍZ¨v‡M evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb n‡q‡QÕÑ Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n
¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvi Av‡jv‡K we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
6bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h kvgmyi ivngv‡bi KweZvq AwZ AvaywbK Kve¨aivi ˆewkó¨ mv_©Kfv‡e cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q|
i GLv‡b Kwe we‡`wk kΓ‡`i Øviv evOvwji Ici ee©‡ivwPZ nvgjv I aŸsmvÍK Kg©Kv‡Êi Avµg‡Yi w`KwU‡K eywS‡q‡Qb|
Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvq Kwe G‡`‡ki AR©‡bi †¶‡Î AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi f‚wgKv Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| evsjv‡`k GK w`‡b ¯^vaxb
nqwb| cjvwki cÖvš@‡i 1757 mv‡j evsjvi ¯^vaxbZvi †kl m–h© A¯@wgZ nq| Zvici evOvwj‡K `xN©c_ cvwo w`‡Z nq| evqvbœ, DbmËi,
GKvˇi evsjvi gvby‡li i‡³ ivRc_ iw³g n‡q‡Q| A‡bK Z¨vM ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Q evOvwj| G‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ evOvwj RvwZ‡K i³
w`‡Z n‡q‡Q A‡bKevi| R¡‡j‡Q gvby‡li Nievwo, dm‡ji gvV| ZvB Kwe gnvfvi‡Z ewY©Z ÔLvÊe ebÕ hv fxlY AwMœKv‡Ê cy‡owQjÑ †mB
Dcgvq G †`‡ki gvby‡li `y`©kvi K_v e‡j‡Qb|
Dˇii g–jK_v : evOvwj ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ i³ g–j¨ w`‡q‡Q Ges kΓ‡`i AwMœms‡hvM I aŸsmh‡Ái wkKvi n‡q‡Q evievi|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  112

j DÏxc‡K Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvq D‡V Avmv ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ G‡`‡ki Avcvgi Rbmvavi‡Yi AvÍvn–wZi wPÎ
dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvq evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i wPÎcU dz‡U D‡V‡Q| Gmgq cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`viiv G‡`‡ki
gvby‡li Ici AgvbywlK wbh©vZb Pvjvq| R¡vwj‡q †`q MÖv‡gi ci MÖvg| Ggb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †`k I gvby‡li gyw³i Rb¨, ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨
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DÏxc‡K GKRb `ytwLbx bvixi mxgvnxb AvÍZ¨v‡Mi Ki“Y wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q| Rwgjv †eMg bv‡gi †mB bvix gyw³hy‡× Zvi ¯^vgx I
mš@vb‡K nvwi‡q‡Qb| b`x‡Z, iv¯@vq, R½‡j AmsL¨ jvk †`‡L weg–p n‡q wM‡q‡Qb wZwb| GKBfv‡e, Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n
¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvqI Kwe cvwK¯@vwb †mbv‡`i b„ksm nZ¨vKvÊ I aŸsmh‡Ái eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb| †mLv‡b Zv‡`i GB aŸsmvÍK Kg©Kv‡Êi
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Rxeb ev¯@eZvi ga¨ w`‡q cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡K Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvq D‡V Avmv ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ G‡`‡ki Avcvgi Rbmvavi‡Yi AvÍvn–wZi wPÎ
dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki Rwgjv †eM‡gi †Q‡ji g‡Zv AmsL¨ gvby‡li AvÍZ¨v‡M evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb n‡q‡QÓ Ñ Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ
KweZvi Av‡jv‡K gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
1971 mv‡ji gyw³hy‡×i mgq evOvwj RvwZ‡K `wg‡q ivLvi Rb¨ G‡`‡ki gvby‡li Ici AgvbywlK AZ¨vPvi Pvjvq cvKnvbv`vi evwnbx|
nZ¨v, al©Y, AwMœms‡hvM BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g kvwš@c–Y© G‡`k‡K Zviv g„Zz¨cyix‡Z cwiYZ K‡i| Gi cÖwZev‡` M‡R© I‡V exi evOvwj|
¯^vaxbZvi AvKv¸¶vq me ai‡bi Z¨vM ¯^xKvi K‡i Zviv|
DÏxc‡Ki Rwgjv †eMg gyw³hy‡×i fqvenZv ¯^P‡¶ †`‡L‡Qb| nvbv`vi‡`i ee©iZvi AmsL¨ `„k¨ wZwb cÖZ¨¶ K‡i‡Qb| kyay ZvB bq,
hy‡× wZwb ¯^vgx-mš@vb meB nvwi‡q‡Qb| ZvB ¯^vaxb †`‡ki gvbwPÎ †`L‡j Rwgjv †eM‡gi †PvL †mLv‡b AvU‡K hvq| Zvi †Pv‡L AvR
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AvÍZ¨v‡Mi cÖwZ”Qwe dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
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evOvwji ¯^vaxbZv †K‡o wb‡Z †P‡qwQj cvwK¯@vwb kvmK‡Mvôx| ZvB Rb¥MZ GB AwaKvi AR©‡bi j‡¶¨ gyw³Kvgx evOvwj hy‡× Suvwc‡q
c‡o| †`‡ki cÖwZwU gvby‡li g‡b †mw`b ¯^vaxbZvi †h Avkv †R‡MwQj, G KweZvi cÖwZwU Pwi‡Îi †fZi w`‡q †mB AvZ¥Z¨vM, †mB
AvKzjZvB cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| DÏxc‡Ki Rwgjv †eMgI †Zgwb ¯^vaxbZv cÖZ¨vkx GK AvÍZ¨vMx bvix| Zvi ¯^vgx-mš@vbmn GKvˇii mKj
kwn` ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨B cÖvY DrmM© K‡i‡Qb| ZvB ¯^vaxb †`‡ki gvbwP‡Î wZwb Zv‡`i gyL”Qwe †`L‡Z cvb| Gw`K †_‡K cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU
h_vh_|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvq ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ G‡`‡ki gvby‡li AvZ¥Z¨vM I cÖZ¨vkvi ¯^iƒc dz‡U D‡V‡Q| DÏxc‡Ki Rwgjv †eMgI
†Zgwb ¯^vgx-mš@vb nviv GK AvÍZ¨vMx bvix| Zv‡`i g‡Zv G‡`‡ki me©¯@‡ii gvby‡li AvÍZ¨v‡Mi ga¨ w`‡qB evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv AwR©Z n‡q‡Q|
cÖkœ  07 ev`kv evei Kuvw`qv wdwi‡Q, wb` bvwn †Pv‡L ZuviÑ
cyÎ Zuvnvi ûgvqyb eywS euv‡P bv Gevi Avi!
Pvwiav‡i Zvi Nbv‡q Avwm‡Q giY-AÜKvi|
iv‡R¨i hZ weÁ †nwKg KweivR `i‡ek
G‡m‡Q mevB, w`‡Z‡Q ewmqv e¨e¯’v mwe‡kl,
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K. ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi g–jK_v Kx? 1
L. gvi cÖvY AvB XvB K‡i †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki ev`kv eve‡ii mv‡_ ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi cwjÐRbbxi mv`„k¨c–Y© w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Òmv`„k¨ _vK‡jI DÏxc‡Ki ev`kv evei I ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi cwjÐgv‡qi g‡a¨ Ae¯’vbMZ wfbœZvI ¯•ó|ÓÑwe‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
7bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi g–jK_v n‡jv AcZ¨‡ø‡ni Awbevh© AvKl©Y|
i mܨv n‡q †M‡jI mš@vb evwo wdi‡Z †`wi Kivq gvi cÖvY AvB XvB K‡i|
ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq cwjÐgv‡qi mš@vbwU GKw`b `–i e‡b wM‡qwQj| mš@vbwU Zvi gv‡K wKQy e‡j hvqwb| GRb¨ mܨv n‡q †M‡j gv
mš@v‡bi Rb¨ Aw¯’i n‡q I‡Vb| mš@vb KLb N‡i wdi‡e G A‡c¶vq gv‡qi gb AvbPvb Ki‡Z _v‡K| mš@v‡bi †Kv‡bv AbvKvw¸¶Z
wec` NUj wK bv G fvebv‡ZB gvi cÖvY AvB XvB K‡i|
Dˇii g–jK_v : mܨv n‡q †M‡jI mš@vb evwo wdi‡Z †`wi Kivq gvi cÖvY AvB XvB K‡i|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  113

j DÏxc‡Ki ev`kv eve‡ii mv‡_ Ôcwj­RbbxÕ KweZvi cwjÐRbbxi mv`„k¨c–Y© w`KwU n‡jv mš@v‡bi cÖwZ AK…wÎg fv‡jvevmv I
ggZ¡‡eva|
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K‡i‡Qb| `vwi‡`ª¨i Kvi‡Y mš@v‡bi mywPwKrmv ev Jlya-c‡_¨i e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z bv cvi‡jI †mB gv eyKfiv fv‡jvevmv w`‡q mš@vb‡K
AvM‡j ivL‡Z Pvb|
DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡k HwZnvwmK PwjÎ ev`kv eve‡ii wcZ…‡ø‡ni w`KwU‡K DcRxe¨ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zuvi cyÎ ûgvqyb GKevi `yiv‡ivM¨
†iv‡M Avµvš@ n‡q kh¨vkvqx n‡q c‡o| GgZve¯’vq, Zvi my¯’Zvi Rb¨ evei e¨vKzj n‡q c‡ob| kyay ZvB bq, cy‡Îi Rb¨ `ywðš@vq
wZwb wbNy©g ivwÎhvcb K‡ib| GKBfv‡e, Amy¯’ mš@v‡bi Rb¨ ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi gvI wewb`ª iRbxhvcb K‡i‡Qb, Zvi my¯’Zvi Rb¨
cig Ki“Yvg‡qi `iev‡i cÖv_©bv K‡i‡Qb| mš@v‡bi Rb¨ AK…wÎg fv‡jvevmv Ges ggZ¡‡evaB Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi gv Ges DÏxc‡Ki ev`kv
eve‡ii Ggb AvPi‡Yi KviY| GwUB Zv‡`i g‡a¨ mv`„k¨c–Y© w`K|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Amy¯’ mš@v‡bi `ywðš@vq cwjÐ gv Ges ev`kv evei DfqB wewb`ª ivZ KvwU‡q‡Qb| mš@v‡bi Rb¨ AK…wÎg fv‡jvevmv Ges
ggZ¡‡evaB Gi KviY, hv Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi gv Ges DÏxc‡Ki ev`kv evei‡K GKm–‡Î †Mu‡_‡Q|
k Òmv`„k¨ _vK‡jI DÏxc‡Ki ev`kv evei Ges ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi cwjÐgv‡qi g‡a¨ Ae¯’vbMZ wfbœZv ¯•óÓ Ñ gš@e¨wU h_v_© e‡jB
Avwg g‡b Kwi|
ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq i“M&Y cy‡Îi wkq‡i e‡m ivZRvMv GK gv‡qi AcviMZv I g‡bvK‡ói K_v ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| `vwi‡`ª¨i Kvi‡Y gv
mš@v‡bi mywPwKrmv ev Ilya-c‡_¨i e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb, cv‡ibwb Zvi †Qv‡Uv †Qv‡Uv Ave`vi †gUv‡Z| Amy¯’ mš@v‡bi wkq‡i e‡m
gv‡qi gb AvR ZvB fvivµvš@|
DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡k ev`kv eve‡ii wcZ…‡ø‡ni GK Abe`¨ AvL¨vb Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| Zuvi cyÎ ûgvqyb Amy¯’| msMZ Kvi‡YB ev`kv
eve‡ii wcZ…gb AvR wePwjZ| iv‡R¨i mKj AwfÁ †nwKg, KweivR I `i‡ek Zv‡K my¯’ K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ bvbvfv‡e †Póv Ki‡Qb|
GgZve¯’vq cy‡Îi Awbó AvksKvq, `ywðš@vq wZwb wewb`ª iRbxhvcb Ki‡Qb| ev`kv eve‡ii g‡a¨ dz‡U IVv AcZ¨‡ø‡ni GB w`KwU
Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi cwjÐgv‡qi gv‡SI GKBfv‡e j¶ Kiv hvq|
ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvwU GK †ønkxjv gv‡qi A¶gZv I Aš@h©vZbvi AvL¨vb| `wi`ª gv A_©vfv‡ei Kvi‡Y cÖvYwcÖq mš@v‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq
wPwKrmv Kiv‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| d‡j †Q‡j Zvi ax‡i ax‡i g„Zz¨gy‡L avweZ n‡”Q Avi gv Zvi cv‡k e‡m GKvKx ivZ RvM‡Qb| Zvi mKi“Y
AvnvRvwi‡Z Pvicvk †hb fvix n‡q D‡V‡Q| c¶vš@‡i, DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡k ev`kv eve‡ii cÖm½ DÌvcb Kiv n‡q‡Q, whwb `ywðš@vMÖ¯@
n‡jI †Q‡ji wPwKrmvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq meiKg e¨e¯’v K‡i‡Qb| G‡¶‡Î ev`kv eve‡ii mv‡_ cwjÐgv‡qi Av_©mvgvwRK Ae¯’v‡bi
†Kv‡bv Zzjbv P‡j bv| Zv‡`i Ae¯’vbMZ GB wfbœZv we‡ePbvq, cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_vh_|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki ev`kv eve‡ii mv‡_ cwjÐgv‡qi Av_©mvgvwRK Ae¯’v‡bi †Kv‡bv Zzjbv P‡j bv| †hLv‡b ev`kv evei cy‡Îi wPwKrmvi
meiKg e¨e¯’v K‡i‡Qb, †mLv‡b cwjÐ gv `vwi‡`ªi Kvi‡Y mš@v‡bi wPwKrmvi e¨e¯’vB Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb|
cÖkœ  08 1971 mv‡j gyw³hy‡×i mgq Lvwj` XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †gavex QvÎ wQj| gyw³hy‡×i mgq wek¦we`¨vj‡qi mevB f‡q nj
†Q‡o cvjv‡Z kyi“ K‡i| Lvwj`‡K Zvi eÜyiv cvjv‡Z ej‡j †m e‡j, ÔmevB wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K cvjv‡j †`k ¯^vaxb Ki‡e Kviv? Avgv‡K
_vK‡ZB n‡e|Õ
K. nv‡kg wgqv KLb AvÍnviv n‡q †hZ? 1
L. fq eyav‡K Kvey K‡i bv †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K Qv·`i nj †Q‡o cvjv‡bv ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h NUbv‡K ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki Lvwj` I ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi g‡bvfve GK I AwfbœÓÑgš@e¨wU g–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
8bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h nv‡kg wgqv †ewk mI`v Ki‡Z cvi‡j AvÍnviv n‡q †hZ|
i †Qv‡Uv‡ejvq eyav‡K †KD f‚Z ev RyRyi fq †`Lvqwb e‡j fq I‡K Kvey K‡i bv|
gv-evev I cwievi-cwiRbnviv eyav wb‡Ri wbq‡g †e‡o D‡V‡Q| †Qv‡Uv‡ejvq †KD Zv‡K f‚‡Zi Mí e‡jwb| Zv‡K RyRyi fq †`Lv‡bvi
g‡Zv †KD wQj bv| d‡j fqUv wK Zv †m Rv‡b bv| GRb¨ †Kv‡bv fq Zv‡K Kvey K‡i bv|
Dˇii g–jK_v : †Qv‡Uv‡ejvq evev-gv nviv‡bvq eyav wbf©xKfv‡e wbR¯^ wbq‡g e‡ov n‡q‡Q| ZvB fq eyav‡K Kvey K‡i bv|
j DÏxc‡Ki Qv·`i nj †Q‡o cvjv‡bv ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi wgwjUvwii f‡q MÖv‡gi gvby‡li cvwj‡q hvIqvi m‡½ mv`„k¨c–Y©|
Rxeb i¶vi Rb¨ gvbyl KL‡bv KL‡bv cvwj‡q †eovq| 1971 mv‡j Ggb NUbvi m–ÎcvZ nq| cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi evwnbx 1971 mv‡ji
25†k gvP© Mfxi iv‡Z wbwe©Pv‡i nZ¨v K‡i AmsL¨ gvbyl‡K| Gici †_‡K Zv‡`i wbg©g AZ¨vPv‡ii nvZ †_‡K euvP‡Z gvbyl wbivc`
AvkÖ‡qi †Luv‡R cvjv‡Z _v‡K|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  114

DÏxc‡K 1971 mv‡ji gyw³hy×Kvjxb MYgvby‡li cvwj‡q hvIqvi cÖm½ DÌvwcZ n‡q‡Q| †mmgq cvwK¯@vwb ˆmb¨‡`i AZ¨vPv‡ii f‡q
wk¶v_x©iv XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi nj †Q‡o cvjv‡Z _v‡K| GKBfv‡e, ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi MÖv‡gi †jvKRbI Zv‡`i AZ¨vPv‡ii
nvZ †_‡K evuP‡Z cvwj‡q MÖvg †Q‡o cvwj‡q †h‡Z _v‡K| GiB Ask wn‡m‡e, Dcb¨vmwU‡Z †bvjK eyqv, nwiKvKzi g‡Zv A‡b‡K MÖvg †Q‡o
wbivc` AvkÖ‡qi †Lvu‡R P‡j hvq| eyav‡KI Zviv cvjv‡Z e‡j| Z‡e eyav Zv‡`i‡K cvjv‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡jI wb‡R MÖv‡g †_‡K hvq|
DÏxc‡Ki Qv·`i nj †Q‡o cvjv‡bv ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi G w`KwUi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c–Y©|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m wgwjUvwi‡`i wbwe©Pv‡i nZ¨vKvÊ †_‡K euvPvi Rb¨ eyavi MÖv‡gi †jvK‡`i cvwj‡q hvIqvi m‡½ DÏxc‡Ki
wk¶v_©x‡`i wek¦we`¨vj‡qi nj †Q‡o cvwj‡q hvIqvi NUbv mv`„k¨c–Y©|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki Lvwj` I ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi g‡bvfve GK I Awfbœ|Ó ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨vm I DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K gš@e¨wU
h_v_©|
¯^‡`k‡K †h fv‡jvev‡m †mB †Zv †`k‡cÖwgK| †`k‡K fv‡jvevmvi gva¨‡g †`k‡cÖ‡gi Av`k© cÖKvk cvq| hviv cÖK…Z †`k‡cÖwgK, Zviv
†`‡ki µvwš@Kv‡j GwM‡q Av‡m| G‡¶‡Î Zviv Rxe‡bi gvqv Zz”Q K‡i, Rxeb `vb K‡i| Zv‡`i nvZ a‡iB †`‡ki g½j mvwaZ nq|
DÏxc‡K Lvwj` XvKv wek^we`¨vj‡qi GKRb wk¶v_©x| 1971 mv‡j gyw³hy× kyi“ n‡j cvwK¯@vwb ˆmb¨‡`i Ab¨vq-AZ¨vPv‡ii f‡q n‡ji
AwaKvsk wk¶v_©x cÖvYf‡q cvwj‡q †h‡Z _v‡K| GgZve¯’vq Zvi eÜzivI cÖvY evuPv‡Z Zv‡K cvjv‡Z e‡j| wKš‘ †`kv͇ev‡a D¾xweZ Lvwj`
cvwj‡q †h‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvq| Gi cwie‡Z© †m †mLv‡b †_‡KB kΓ‡mbv‡`i cÖwZ‡iva K‡i †`k ¯^vaxb Kivi K_v e‡j| Lvwj‡`i gv‡S dz‡U IVv
Ggb mvnmx g‡bvfve Av‡jvP¨ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi g‡a¨I cwijw¶Z nq|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m eyav Abv_ wK‡kvi n‡jI Zvi g‡a¨ †`k‡cÖg dz‡U D‡V‡Q| GB †`k‡cÖ‡gi Aby‡cÖiYv †_‡KB †m MÖvg Qvo‡Z Pvq bv| mvnmx
eyav g„Zz¨‡K Zz”QÁvb K‡i nvbv`vi evwnbxi wei“‡× hy‡× Suvwc‡q c‡o| GKBfv‡e, gyw³hy‡×i mgq Ab¨vb¨ wk¶v_©xiv cÖvYf‡q nj †Q‡o
cvjv‡jI Lvwj` nj Z¨vM K‡i bv| eis †mLv‡b †_‡KB †m †`k‡K ¯^vaxb Ki‡Z `„pcÖZxÁ nq| Lvwj‡`i GB †`kvZ¡‡eva I kΓ‡`i cÖwZ‡iva
Kivi gvbwmKZv ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi g‡bvfv‡ei mgvš@ivj| G w`K we‡ePbvq, cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_vh_ A_©en|
Dˇii g–jK_v : ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m eyav MÖvg bv †Q‡o †`k‡cÖ‡gi Aby‡cÖiYvq gyw³hy‡× Ask †bq| GKBfv‡e, DÏxc‡Ki Lvwj`I nj †Q‡o bv cvwj‡q
†`k‡K ¯^vaxb Kivi Rb¨ AvÍcÖZ¨qx nq, hv Zv‡`i g‡bvfve‡K GKm–‡Î †Mu‡_‡Q|
cÖkœ  09 mvfv‡ii ivbv cÐvRvi feb a‡m c‡o Kg©iZ `¤•wZ †gvnbv I wjgb wbnZ nq| wKš‘ †eu‡P hvq evmvq _vKv mvZ eQ‡ii
†Q‡j wgjb| wcZv-gvZvnviv †Q‡jwU‡K ey‡K †U‡b †bq evwoi gvwj‡Ki ¯¿x iv‡njv| wb‡Ri †Q‡j-†g‡q‡`i fwel¨‡Zi K_v wPš@v K‡i
¯^vgx ivwR bv n‡jI iv‡njv wgjb‡K wb‡Ri mš@v‡bi g‡Zv ¯‹z‡j w`‡q †jLvcovi e¨e¯’v K‡ib|
K. weby nvm‡j Kx g‡b n‡Zv? 1
L. Ôg‡b nq, ZzB Avgvi gyiweŸ|ÕÑK_vwU eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki iv‡njvi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi PvwPi ˆemv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Òmv`„k¨ _vK‡jI DÏxc‡Ki wgjb ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi h_v_© cÖwZ”Qwe n‡q DV‡Z cv‡iwb|ÓÑg–j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
9bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h weby nvm‡j g‡b n‡Zv we‡ji R‡j †XD e‡q hv‡”Q|
i Ôg‡b nq, ZzB Avgvi gyiweŸÕÑK_vwU eyavi PvwP eyav‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i e‡j‡Q|
eyavi †PvL Aí‡ZB jvj n‡q hvq| GKw`b fvZ LvIqvi mgq PvwPi gy‡L gyw³ kãwU ky‡b eyavi Mjvq fvZ AvU‡K hvq| †m †Rv‡i †Rv‡i
Kvk‡Z _v‡K| Kvk‡Z Kvk‡Z eyavi †PvL jvj n‡q hvq| eyav‡K ZLb gyiweŸ‡`i g‡Zv †`Lvq| eyavi Ggb Ae¯’vi w`KwUi cÖwZ Bw½Z
K‡iB eyavi PvwP e‡j‡Q g‡b nq, ZzB Avgvi gyiweŸ|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Ôg‡b nq, ZzB Avgvi gyiweŸÕÑK_vwU eyavi PvwP eyav‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i e‡j‡Q|
j DÏxc‡Ki iv‡njvi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi PvwPi ˆemv`„k¨ n‡jv GwZg eyavi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY bv Kiv|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m eyav GwZg n‡q PvwPi evwo‡Z AvkÖq †bq| Zvi PvwP Zv‡K GKw`b †ivRMvi Ki‡Z e‡j| GgbwK AeÁvi ¯^‡i Zvi
PvwP e‡jÑ Ò†Zvi gv-evc †Zv g‡i Lvjvm| GLb hZ R¡vjv Avgvi| c‡ii †Q‡ji †evSv Uvb‡Z cvwi bv, evcy|Ó eyavi PvwPi G K_v‡Z
eyavi `vqfvi enb bv Kivi welqwU ¯•ófv‡e dz‡U I‡V‡Q| eyavi PvwP eyavi fib‡cvlY Pvjv‡Z bv cvivi AcviMZv eyav‡K Rvwb‡q
w`‡q‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki iv‡njv Amnvq wgjb‡K AvkÖq w`‡q‡Qb| kyay AvkÖq w`‡qB ¶vš@ nbwb; eis cig †øn w`‡q ey‡K †U‡b wb‡q‡Qb| iv‡njv
wb‡Ri mš@v‡bi g‡ZvB wgjb‡K jvjb-cvjb K‡i‡Qb| wgj‡bi fwel¨‡Zi K_v †f‡e Zv‡K ¯‹z‡j fwZ© K‡i‡Qb| Zvi wb‡Ri mš@v‡bi
g‡ZvB Zvi †jLvcovi e¨e¯’v K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m eyavi PvwP Gme wKQyB K‡iwb| eyavi fib‡cvl‡Yi `vwqZ¡ wb‡ZB †m
A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Q| myZivs DÏxc‡Ki iv‡njvi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi PvwPi ˆemv`„k¨ n‡jv eyavi `vqfvi Avi enb bv Kiv|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki iv‡njvi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi PvwPi ˆemv`„k¨ n‡jv eyavi `vqfvi Avi enb bv Kiv|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  115

k mv`„k¨ _vK‡jI DÏxc‡Ki wgjb ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi h_v_© cÖwZ”Qwe n‡q DV‡Z cv‡iwb|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m eyavi cwiev‡ii mevB K‡jivq gviv hvq| d‡j eyav G‡Kev‡i wbt¯^ n‡q hvq| eyav‡K Zvi PvwP mvgwqK AvkÖq †`q
wKš‘ †øn †_‡K ewÂZ K‡i| Zv‡K †ivRMvi Kivi Rb¨ Pvc w`‡Z _v‡K| GRb¨ eyav gb Lvivc K‡i PvwPi evwo †_‡K P‡j hvq|
DÏxc‡Ki wgj‡bi evev-gv ivbv cÐvRvq wbnZ nq| wgjb evmvq _vKvi Kvi‡Y †eu‡P hvq| wgjb evev-gv‡K nvwi‡q GwZg n‡q c‡o| Zvi
Amnvq‡Z¡i w`KwU ü`q w`‡q Abyfe K‡i evwoIqvjvi ¯¿x iv‡njv †eMg| iv‡njv †eMg wgjb‡K wb‡Ri mš@v‡bi g‡ZvB jvjb-cvjb
K‡ib| GgbwK Zv‡K ¯‹z‡j fwZ© K‡i w`‡q †jLvcovi mye¨e¯’v K‡ib| G‡Z wgj‡bi `ytL-Kó `–i nq|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi mv‡_ DÏxc‡Ki wgj‡bi mv`„k¨c–Y© w`KwU n‡jv cwiev‡ii mevB‡K nvwi‡q GwZg nIqv| GwZg nIqvi ci
Zv‡`i Rxebev¯@eZvi mv‡_ Avi †Kv‡bv wgj Lu‡y R cvIqv hvq bv| KviY eyav GwZg nIqvi ci PvwPi evwo‡Z mvgwqK AvkÖq †c‡q Avevi
weZvwoZ n‡q‡Q| c¶vš@‡i wgj‡bi †¶‡Î GgbwU nqwb| Avevi eyav cvwK¯@vwb evwnbxi AZ¨vPv‡ii wei“‡× cÖwZev`x n‡q gyw³hy‡× †hvM
w`‡q‡Q| hv DÏxc‡Ki wgj‡bi Kg©Kv‡Êi mv‡_ m¤•–Y© Am½wZc–Y©| myZivs DÏxc‡Ki wgj‡bi mv‡_ eyav Pwi‡Îi AvswkK mv`„k¨
_vK‡jI wgjb eyav Pwi‡Îi h_v_© cÖwZ”Qwe n‡q IV‡Z cv‡iwb|
Dˇii g–jK_v : mv`„k¨ _vK‡jI DÏxc‡Ki wgjb ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi h_v_© cÖwZ”Qwe n‡q DV‡Z cv‡iwb|
cÖkœ  10 fi`ycy‡i w`wNi Nv‡U Rj Avb‡Z wM‡q g–Q©v hvq wjwj| Zvi evev-gvi wek¦vm, wjwji g‡a¨ wRb-f‚‡Zi AvQi c‡o‡Q, kxNªB
†Kv‡bv Kweiv‡Ri Kv‡Q wb‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ G wm×v‡š@i †Nvi we‡ivwaZv K‡i wjwji wek¦we`¨vj‡qi co~qv fvB Avbvd| †m wjwj‡K
wbKUZg ¯^v¯’¨ †K‡›`ª wb‡q Wv³vi †`Lv‡j my¯’ n‡q I‡V| g–jZ wjwji kvixwiK `ye©jZvi Rb¨ GgbwU n‡qwQj|
K. ewncx‡ii g‡Z, GKvKx PzcPvc e‡m _vK‡j Kx nq? 1
L. nv‡Zg Avwji gv_vq †hb AvKvk †f‡O c‡o‡QцKb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K Avbvd I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡k‡gi †PZbvMZ mv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡K wjwji evev-gv‡qi wek¦vm †_‡K mgvR‡K gy³ KivB †hb ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki bvU¨Kv‡ii g–j D‡Ïk¨ÓÑwe‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
10bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h ewncx‡ii g‡Z, GKvKx PzcPvc e‡m _vK‡j g‡b Akvwš@ nq|
i Rwg`vwi euvPv‡bvi †Kv‡bv Dcvq bv cvIqvq Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwji gv_vq †hb AvKvk †f‡O c‡o‡Q|
Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwji Rwg`vwi m–h©v¯@ AvB‡b wbjv‡g DV‡Z e‡mwQj| Rwg`vwi i¶v Kivi g‡Zv ch©vß A_© Zvi wbKU wQj bv| wZwb
e‡ov Avkv K‡i evj¨eÜyi wbKU UvKv avi Pvb| wKš‘ Zvi evj¨eÜy UvKv avi w`‡Z AcviMZv cÖKvk K‡i| G‡Z wZwb AZ¨š@ nZvk n‡q
hvb| Rwg`vwi i¶v Ki‡Z wZwb e¨_© n‡q c‡ob| Avi GRb¨B Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwji gv_vq †hb AvKvk †f‡O c‡o‡Q|
Dˇii g–jK_v : Rwg`vwi euvPv‡bvi †Kv‡bv Dcvq bv cvIqvq Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwji gv_vq †hb AvKvk †f‡O c‡o‡Q|
j AvaywbK wPš@vavivi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki Avbvd I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡k‡gi gv‡S †PZbvMZ mv`„k¨ we`¨gvb|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Rwg`vicyÎ nv‡kg Avwj hyw³ev`x, AvaywbK I gvbweK Abyf‚wZm¤•bœ gvbyl| gvbweK g–j¨‡eva I b¨vq‡ev‡ai welqwU
Zvi Kv‡Q me‡P‡q †ewk MyiyZ¡c–Y©| †m Zv‡nivi mgm¨vi cÖK…wZ Abyfe K‡i‡Q Ges ewncx‡ii `yiwfmwÜ †_‡K Zv‡K gy³ K‡i‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki wjwj cyKzi †_‡K cvwb Avb‡Z wM‡q g–Q©v hvq| G‡Z mK‡j wek¦vm K‡i wjwji Ici wRb-f‚‡Zi AvQi c‡o‡Q| evwoi mevB
KweivR †W‡K SvodzuK Kivi K_v ej‡j Gi we‡ivwaZv K‡i wjwji wek¦we`¨vjq coyqv fvB Avbvd| Ab¨‡`i A‡hŠw³K civgk©‡K MyiyZ¡
bv w`‡q †m wjwj‡K Wv³vi †`Lv‡bvi wm×vš@ MÖnY K‡i| Zvi G gvbwmKZv †`‡L ejv hvq, ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡k‡gi g‡Zv †mI
AvaywbK wPš@vavivi AwaKvix| Avi GLv‡bB Zv‡`i mv`„k¨|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Avbvd I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwj wkw¶Z, Kzms¯‹vigy³ Ges AvaywbK wPš@vavivi AwaKvix| GLv‡bB Zv‡`i
Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ j¶ Kiv hvq|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki wjwji evev-gv‡qi jvwjZ AÜwek¦vm †_‡K mgvR‡K gy³ KivB ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki bvU¨Kv‡ii g–j D‡Ïk¨|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K bvU¨Kvi wcicÖ_v‡K †K›`ª K‡i gvby‡li AÜwek¦v‡mi w`KwU‡K g–Z© K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb| †hLv‡b e„× wci‡K mš‘ó Ki‡Z
Zv‡nivi evev-gv Zvi fwel¨‡Zi K_v wPš@v bv K‡iB Zv‡niv‡K †mB wc‡ii mv‡_ we‡q w`‡Z Pvq| kyay ZvB bq, AbywPZ †R‡bI Rwg`vi
cZœx †Lv‡`Rv wc‡ii e`‡`vqvi f‡q Zv‡niv‡K wc‡ii mv‡_ msmvi Kvivi civgk© †`q|
DÏxc‡K wjwj bv‡gi GK †g‡q‡K wN‡i Zvi evev-gv‡qi Kzms¯‹viv”QbœZvi w`KwU cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| GKw`b `ycyi‡ejvq w`wN‡Z Rj
Avb‡Z wM‡q †m gyQ©v †M‡j Zvi evev-gv G‡K f‚‡Zi KvimvwR g‡b K‡i KweivR WvK‡Z Pvq| GgZve¯’vq wjwji wek¦we`¨vjq co~qv fvB
Avbvd Gi we‡ivwaZv K‡i Ges Zv‡K Wv³v‡ii Kv‡Q wb‡q wPwKrmv Kwi‡q my¯’ K‡i †Zv‡j| Zvi Ggb Kg©KvÊ AÜwek¦vm I
Kzms¯‹v‡ii wei“‡× Av‡jvP¨ bvU‡Ki nv‡k‡gi f‚wgKv‡KB ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K bvU¨Kvi ZrKvjxb Kzms¯‹viv”Qbœ mgv‡Ri wPÎ Zz‡j a‡i Gi wecix‡Z hyw³ev`x I wkw¶Z nv‡kg Avwj‡K `uvo
Kwi‡q‡Qb| Gi ga¨ w`‡q bvU¨Kvi g–jZ mvgvwRK Kzms¯‹vi I AÜwek¦v‡mi wbi_©KZv Zz‡j a‡i Ggb Ae¯’vi Aemvb Kvgbv K‡i‡Qb|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  116

DÏxc‡Ki wjwji evev-gv‡qi gvbwmKZvI †hb ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki AÜwek¦vmx PwiÎ Zv‡nivi evev-gv I Rwg`vi cZœx †Lv‡`Rvi Abyiƒc|
Av‡jvP¨ bvUKwU‡Z bvU¨Kvi hv‡`i ag©xq †Muvovwg I Kzms¯‹viv”Qbœ a¨vb-aviYv‡K †f‡O hyw³ev`‡K cÖwZôv K‡ib| †m we‡ePbvq, cÖ‡kœv³
gš@e¨wU h_vh_|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki wjwji evev-gv‡qi gvbwmKZv ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki AÜwek¦vmx PwiÎ Zv‡nivi evev-gv I Rwg`vi cZœx †Lv‡`Rvi
gvbwmKZviB Abyiƒc| Av‡jvP¨ bvUKwU‡Z bvU¨Kvi Zv‡`i ag©xq †Muvovwg I Kzms¯‹viv”Qbœ a¨vb-aviYv‡K †f‡OB hyw³ev`‡K cÖwZôv K‡ib|
cÖkœ  11 wcZ…gvZ…nviv wjgv gvgvi evwo‡Z _v‡K| gvwg Zv‡K †evSv g‡b K‡i| ZvB we‡qi eqm nIqvi Av‡MB Zv‡K mZx‡bi msmv‡i
GK e„‡×i m‡½ wØZxq ¯¿x wn‡m‡e †Rvi K‡i we‡q w`‡q †`q| wjgv G we‡q †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡iwb| ZvB cvwj‡q kn‡i P‡j hvq Ges
GKwU PvKwi wb‡q †m AvÍwbf©ikxj gvbyl n‡q I‡V|
K. ewncx‡ii g‡Z, Zv‡niv cvwj‡q Kx‡mi cwiPq w`‡q‡Q? 1
L. ÔAvgvi K_v Awek¦vm Ki‡eb bvÕÑZv‡nivi G K_vi KviY e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K wjgvi gvwg ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †h Pwi‡Îi ˆewkó¨ aviY K‡i Zvi ¯^i–c e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki wjgv Ges ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv GKB mgvR-ev¯@eZvi wkKvi n‡jI cwiYwZ n‡q‡Q wfbœ|ÓÑwe‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
11bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
h ewncx‡ii g‡Z, Zv‡niv cvwj‡q AwZkq exi‡Z¡i cwiPq w`‡q‡Q|
i wc‡ii mv‡_ †h‡Z B”QyK bv nIqvq wb‡Ri AwfcÖvq e¨³ Kivi Rb¨B Zv‡niv G K_vwU e‡j‡Q|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Lv‡`Rv Zv‡niv‡K ewncx‡ii mv‡_ †h‡Z e‡j| wKš‘ Zv‡niv †Kv‡bvfv‡eB ewncx‡ii mv‡_ †h‡Z B”QyK bq| GRb¨ †m
e‡jÑ Avwg cvwb‡Z Suvc w`‡q gie, Zey hve bv| Avi G K_vwU‡K †m wek¦vm Kiv‡bvi Rb¨B e‡j‡QÑ Avgvi K_v Awek¦vm Ki‡eb bv|
A_©vr Zv‡niv Zvi g‡bi GKvš@ B”Qvi K_v e¨³ K‡i‡Q cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³wUi gva¨‡g|
Dˇii g–jK_v : wc‡ii mv‡_ †h‡Z B”QyK bv nIqvq wb‡Ri AwfcÖvq e¨³ Kivi Rb¨B Zv‡niv G K_vwU e‡j‡Q|
j ¯^v_©ci g‡bvfv‡ei w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki wjgvi gvwg ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi mr gv‡qi ˆewkó¨ aviY K‡i|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi mr gv Zv‡niv‡K Avcb fve‡Z cv‡iwb| G Kvi‡YB e„× wc‡ii m‡½ †m Zvi we‡q w`‡Z †P‡q‡Q| GgbwK
G‡¶‡Î †m Zv‡nivi fwel¨‡Zi K_vI fv‡ewb| Avi ZvB Zv‡niv‡K wc‡ii m‡½ we‡q w`‡q wc‡ii Avwke©v`cyó n‡Z †P‡q‡Q †m|
DÏxc‡Ki wjgv wcZ…gvZ…nxb nIqvq gvgv evwo‡Z _v‡K| G Kvi‡Y gvwg Zv‡K †evSv g‡b K‡i GK Aí eq‡mB GK e„‡×i m‡½ Zvi
we‡q †`q| GKBfv‡e, ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi mr gvI Zv‡niv‡K Avcb K‡i wb‡Z cv‡iwb| G Kvi‡YB c–Y¨ jv‡fi Avkvq ¯^v_©c‡ii
g‡Zv e„× cx‡ii m‡½ †g‡qi we‡q w`‡Z Pvq| G‡¶‡Î †g‡qi cQ›`-AcQ›` ev B”Qv-Awb”QviI g–j¨vqb †m K‡iwb| A_©vr DÏxc‡Ki
wjgvi gvwg Ges Av‡jvP¨ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi gv Df‡qB ¯^v_©ci I Aby`vi ¯^fv‡ei gvbyl| G w`K †_‡K wjgvi gvwg ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki
Zv‡nivi mr gv‡qi ˆewkó¨ aviY K‡i|
Dˇii g–jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki wjgvi gvwg wjgv‡K †evSv g‡b K‡i GK e„‡×i m‡½ †Rvi K‡i Zvi we‡q †`q| GKBfv‡e,ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi mr
gvI Zv‡nivi fwel¨‡Zi K_v bv †f‡e e„× cx‡ii m‡½ we‡q w`‡q cyY¨ jvf Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Q| Gw`K †_‡K Zv‡`i ˆewkó¨MZ mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki wjgv Ges ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv GKB mgvR-ev¯@eZvi wkKvi n‡jI cwiYwZ n‡q‡Q wfbœÓÑ ÔewncxiÕ bvUK Ges
DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
Av‡MKvi w`‡b bvixiv cyi“‡li me AZ¨vPvi, AwePvi I Aeg–j¨vqb bxi‡e mn¨ Ki‡jI eZ©gv‡b cwiw¯’wZ G‡Kev‡i wfbœ| GLb bvixiv
wb‡R‡`i m¤§vb Ki‡Z wk‡L‡Q| mg¯@ cÖwZK‚jZv AwZµg K‡i Zviv wb‡R‡`i ¯^cœ c–i‡Yi †Póv Ki‡Q| GwU mgv‡Ri DbœwZi c‡¶
BwZevPK w`K|
DÏxc‡K wjgv bv‡gi GK wK‡kvixi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| evev-gv‡qi g„Zz¨i ci GwZg wjgvi AvkÖq nq gvgvi evwo‡Z| wKš‘ gvwg Zv‡K
Avš@wiKfv‡e MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| ZvB Aíe‡qwm wjgv‡K †m †Rvi K‡i GK e„‡×i m‡½ we‡q †`q| AbvKvw¸¶Z G we‡q †g‡b wb‡Z bv
†c‡i wjgv cvwj‡q kn‡i hvq Ges †mLv‡b PvKwi wb‡q ¯^vej¤^x n‡q I‡V| Av‡jvP¨ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi ev¯@eZvI A‡bKUv GKiKg|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv GKwU cÖwZev`x PwiÎ| Zvi evev †Rvi K‡i ewncx‡ii m‡½ we‡q w`‡j †m evwo †_‡K cvwj‡q wb‡R‡K i¶v
K‡i| GKBfv‡e, DÏxc‡Ki wjgvI e„‡×i m‡½ msmvi Kiv‡K †g‡b wb‡Z bv †c‡i cvwj‡q evu‡P| Z‡e cvwj‡q wM‡q wjgv PvKzwii gva¨‡g
wb‡R‡K AvÍwbf©ikxj K‡i Zzj‡jI Zv‡nivi †¶‡Î GgbwU N‡Uwb| eis Rwg`vi cyÎ nv‡kgB Zvi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡i D™¢yZ cwiw¯’wZ
†_‡K Zv‡K i¶v K‡i| A_©vr wjgv Ges Zv‡nivi Rxe‡bi NUbµg A‡bKUv GKiKg n‡jI Zv‡`i cwiYwZ n‡q‡Q wfbœ| †m we‡ePbvq,
cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_vh_|
Dˇii g–jK_v : B‡”Qi wei“‡× eq¯‹ e¨w³i m‡½ AbvKvw¸¶Z we‡qi w`K †_‡K wjgv Ges Zv‡nivi Rxe‡bi NUbµg A‡bKUv GKiKg n‡jI
me©‡kl Ae¯’v wePv‡i Zv‡`i cwiYwZ n‡q‡Q wfbœ| G we‡ePbvq, cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_vh_|