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Study Pack 2

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5 views5 pages

Study Pack 2

Uploaded by

NADEESHA FERNANDO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematics

Form 3 – 1st Term


Unit 1 – Understanding Number
Study pack – 02

 Highest Common Factor (HCF)

 The HCF of two or more given numbers is the highest number which will divide into both or all of
the given numbers without leaving a remainder.

Example-:

The HCF of 20 and 30.

Method 1

Divide both 20 and 30 by their common prime factors.

2 20 , 30
5 10 , 15 Even though we can divide 10 by 2, here we can’t divide by 2 as 15 is not divisible by 2.
2,3 From here we have to stop dividing as there are no common prime factors for 2 and 3.

The HCF of 20 and 30 is

Method 2

Divide 20 and 30 separately by prime factors.

2 20 2 30
2 10 3 15
5 5 5 5
1 1

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Take their common factors and multiply.

The HCF of 20 and 30 is

Method 3

Write down all the factors of 20 and 30.

Take the common factors.

Take the highest value of those common factors.


Factors of 20 = 1 , 2 , 4 , 5 , 10 , 20

Factors of 30 = 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 6 , 10 , 15 , 30

Common factors = 1 , 2 , 5 , 10

HCF = 10

 Least Common Multiple (LCM)

 The LCM of two or more given numbers is the lowest number which is a multiple of both or all of
the given numbers.

Example-:

The LCM of 20 and 30.

Method 1

Divide both 20 and 30 by their prime factors till you cannot divide further.

2 20 , 30
2 10 , 15
3 5 , 15 15 is written as 15 because 15 cannot be divided by 2 without a remainder.
5 5,5
1,1
The LCM of 20 and 30 is

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Method 2

Write down some multiples of 20 and 30.

Take the seen common multiples.

Take the lowest value of those common multiples.


Multiples of 20 = 20 , 40 , 60 , 80 , 100 , 120 , 140 , 160 , 180 , …

Multiples of 30 = 30 , 60 , 90 , 120 , 150 , 180 , 210 , 240 , …

Common multiples = 60 , 120 , 180 , …

LCM = 60

 Divisibility

Digital root of a number


 Add all the digits of the entire number until you get a single digit.

Example-:

Digital root of 3468

3 + 4 + 6 + 8 = 21
2+1=3
Digital root of 3468 is 3

Divisible by Condition

Divisible by 2 Units place digit should be 0 , 2 , 4 , 6 or 8

Divisible by 3 Digital root should be 3 , 6 or 9

Divisible by 5 Units place digit should be 0 or 5

All even numbers with a digital root of 3 , 6 or 9. (numbers


Divisible by 6
which are divisible by both 2 and 3)

Divisible by 9 Digital root should be 9

Divisible by 10 Units place digit should be 0

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Example-:

Test 552 for divisibility by 2 , 3 , 5 , 6 , 9 and 10.

Digital root of 552 = 5 + 5 + 2 = 12 1+2=3

Divisible by Divisibility Reason


Divisible by 2 yes Units place digit is 2
Divisible by 3 yes Digital root is 3
Divisible by 5 no Units place digit is not 0 or 5
Divisible by 6 yes An even number and the digital root
is 3 (divisible by both 2 and 3)
Divisible by 9 no Digital root is not 9
Divisible by 10 no Units place digit is not 0

 Operations and Inverses

Operation Inverse
Multiplication Division
Division Multiplication
Addition + Subtraction -
Subtraction - Addition +
Squared Square root √

Examples-:

2 6 2 +3 5

2 6 2 -3 5

2
3 9

3 9 9

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 Squares and Square Roots , Cubes and Cube Roots

 The numbers that we get when we square the natural numbers are called perfect squares.

Example-:
2

2
9

 They are called perfect squares because on being square rooted they give whole numbers.

Example-:

 The cube of a number is the result of multiplying that number by itself twice. Cube numbers are
often called cubic numbers.

Example-:

 The inverse of cubing a number is finding the cube root.

Cube root sign is . (The cube root button can be found in your calculators.)

Example-:

Evaluation
 Exercise 1.2 in page 8
 Exercise 1.3 in page 10

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