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Matrix Algebra

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Priyansh Jain
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15 views6 pages

Matrix Algebra

Uploaded by

Priyansh Jain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Matrix Algebra

Introduction:
In many applications in physics, pure and applied mathematics, and engineering, it is useful
to represent and manipulate data in tabular or array form. A rectangular array which obeys
certain algebraic rules of operation is called a matrix. The aim of this chapter is to study the
algebra of matrices and algebraic structures along with its application to the study of systems
of linear equations.
A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers (may be real or complex); its order is the number
of rows and columns that define the array. Thus, the matrices

have orders 2 × 2, 2 × 3, 3 × 3, 3 × 1, 1 × 3, and 1 × 1, respectively (the order 2 × 2 is read


“two by two”).

In general, the matrix A, defined by

is of order p × q. The numbers aij (i = 1, 2, 3, … p, j = 1, 2, 3, … q) are called the entries or


elements of A; the first subscript defines its row position and the second, its column position.
Consider the system of
simultaneous equations:

is the augmented matrix.


The augmented matrix is the coefficient matrix with an extra column containing the right-
hand side constant matrix.
Some Definitions Associated with Matrices:

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