INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATION COMPUTER BASED INFORMATION SYSTEM

Information System (CBIS)

- A collection of interrelated components that ❖ A data processing system that consist of
collects, processes, store, and disseminate hardware, software, databases,
information, and provides feedback mechanism telecommunications, people, and procedures that
to attain an objective. are designed to collect, manipulate, store and
process data information
Data
- Is a presentation of facts, figures, concepts or
Information Technology (I.T)
instructions that may be stored, communicated,
interpreted, or processed by manual or ❖ Refers to the technology components of
automated means. hardware, software, databases, and
telecommunications.
Information
Hardware
- Result or output of processing, manipulating,
and organizing data in a way that adds ❖ Comprises of computer equipment used to
knowledge, respond to a specific need, show perform input, processing and output operations.
significance and meaning ton the person
Software
receiving it.
❖ Are the computer programs that supervise the
Input
operation of the computer
❖ The act of entering data into a computer for
Database
processing. In a school grading system, student
grades are encoded by teachers before the ❖ Is a collection of data that is organized so that its
students may receive their summary of grades. contents can easily be accessed; managed and
updated.
Process
People
❖ Turning data into information is a process or a
goal-directed, interrelated series of actions, ❖ Includes the personnel of the information
events mechanisms, or steps. systems who manage, run, program, and
maintain the system.
Output
Procedures
❖ Is a representation of a useful information that
has been manipulated by the Central Processing ❖ Includes the policies, strategies, methods, and
Unit (CPU) of the computer system. rules using CBIS.
Feedback Telecommunication
❖ Is a response, including corrections, additions, ❖ Is the electronic transmission of signals for
and approval, elicited from the users, in communications, which enables organization to
interface. carry out their processes and tasks through
effective computer network.
Examples; dialog box, program, code, animation,
and sound. Network
❖ Is a group of computers and peripherals
connected and varied sites for the purpose of
COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEM
sharing resources and communication.
FEEDBACK

INPUT PROCESSING OUTPUT

Internet Management Information System (MIS)
❖ Is the world’s largest network consisting of ❖ organized collection of people, procedures
thousands of interconnected commercial, software, databases, and databases used to
academic, domestic, and government networks. provide routine information to manager and
decision makers.
World Wide Web (WWW)
Decision Support System (DSS)
❖ Is a network of links on the internet to
documents containing texts, graphics, video, and ❖ is an organized collection of people, procedures,
sound. software, databases, and devices used to support
business and organization decision making
Extranet
activities.
❖ is a network based on web technologies that
ELEMENTS OF DSS
allows selected outsides to access authorized
resources of the intranct of a company. • DBMS
• Model Management System
BUSINESS INFORMATION SYSTEMS • Database
E-Commerce (Electronic Commerce) • Model Base
❖ consist of the buying, selling, marketing, and • External Model Base Access
servicing of products or services over computer
• External Database
networks. Examples: Shoppe (online shopping)
• Dialog Manager
M-Commerce (Mobile Commerce)
• Access to the Internet/Intranet/Extranet
❖ involves transactions conducted anywhere and
anytime with the use of wireless
communications.
Specialized in Information Business
Traditional Business Transaction
Artificial Intelligent (AI)
❖ refers to business transactions or information
exchange, as well as buying and selling ❖ Is a branch of computer science that deals with
products/services from person to person, without intelligent behavior, learning, and adaptation in
the use of the internet, which is an older type of machines.
business approach. Expert System
Transaction Processing Business ❖ Is a system that gives a computer the ability to
❖ is designed to maintain a data base by ensuring make suggestions and act like an expert in a
that any operations carried out on the database particular field.
that are interdependent are either are all Virtual Reality
completed successfully or all cancelled
successfully. ❖ Is the simulation of a real or imagined
environment that can be experienced virtually in
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) the three dimensions of width, height, and depth,
❖ is a set integrated programs capable of managing and may provide an interactive experience
business operations including product planning, visually in full real-time motion.
parts purchasing, maintaining inventories,
interacting with suppliers, providing customer
service, and tracking orders.
Technology, Diffusion, Infusion, and Acceptance Secondary Storage
Technology Diffusion ❖ is also called auxiliary storage, and is used to
store data and programs when they are not being
❖ is a measure of how widely technology is
processed
applied throughout the organization.
Processing Devices:
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
• Control Unit
❖ is an information system theory that models how
• Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
users come and accept technology.
• RAM
• Registers
• Main Memory
CAREERS IN INFORMATION SYSTEM
• Cache Memory
• Chief Information Officer
• Computer Programmer
• Internet Administrator Processing Characteristics & Functions
• Internet Web Developer
Machine Cycle Time
• Web Site Operator
❖ machine cycle time, or acces time, is the time
Internet Protocol (IP)
the CPU executes an instruction measured in
❖ is the set of rules governing the format of data nanoseconds. Machine cycle time is one
sent via the internet or local network. measure of processing speed

Disk Operating System (DOS) by Bill Gates Clock Speed

❖ is an operating system that runs from a disk ❖ refers to the number of electronic pulses that
drive. CPU produces at a predetermined rate, which
affects the machine cycle time
Disket
Word Length
❖ used to store data or programs for a
microcomputer. ❖ is simply a fixed sized group of bits that re
handles together by the machine. It usually has a
word size of 128, 256
HARDWARE
Computer Hardware Memory Characteristics and Functions
❖ computer hardware refers to various electronic Storage Capacity
components that are required for you to use a
computer along with the hardware components ❖ is measures in kilobytes, megabytes, or
inside the computer case gigabytes. The term “storage capacity” is used to
describe disk drives with a storage media such as
Input Device floppy disks, high-capacity Zip disks, CD-
❖ input devices, or tools, are used for entering ROMs, and tape cartridges
information into the computer
Output Device Type of Memory
❖ are peripheral devices that convert machine Read Access Memory (RAM)
readable information into people-readable form
such as a monitor, printer, plotter, and voice ❖ has a two memory devices, static RAM, or
output device SRAM, and dynamic RAM, or DRAM. SPAM
retains its contents while power is on but
unleashed when off. DRAM has an extremely
 short data lifetime, like four milliseconds even media, which means that the tape must go
power is applied constantly through all the preceding points.
Read Only Memory (ROM) Magnetic Disk
❖ has the ability to retain data and programs even ❖ is a round plate on which data can be encoded.
during power failure, and it provides permanent There are two basic types of disks: magnetic
storage for instructions such as programs the disks and optical disks
computer manufacturer
Different Forms of Magnetic Disks:
Programmable ROM
• Floppy Disk
❖ is purchased in an unprogrammed state. The data • Hard Disk
of an unprogrammed PROM is made up entirely • Removable Cartridges
of 1’s • Optical Disk
Hybrid Memory • Redundant Array of Independent/Inexpensive
Disks (RAID)
❖ can be read and written like RAM, but maintain • Storage Area Network
its contents without electrical power, like ROM • Memory Card, or Flash Memory Card
Electrically-Erasable-and-Programmable ROM • Memory Stick
(EEPROM) • Universal Serial Bus (USB) Flash Drives
• MultiMediaCard (MMC)
❖ are similar to EPROMs, but the erase operation • Secure Digital Card (SD Card)
is accomplished electrically, rather than by
exposure to ultraviolet light
Different Forms of Optical Disks
Flash Memory
• Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM)
❖ are high density, low cost, nonvolatile, fast (to • CD-ReWritable (CD-RW)
read, but not to write) and electrically re-
• Digital Versatile Disk (DVD)
programmable

Input Devices
MULTIPROCESSING
❖ Personal computer devices
Parallel processing
❖ Mouse
❖ is the simultaneously use of more than one CPU ➢ Mechanical Mouse
to execute a program. Parallel processing is also ➢ Optical Mouse
by connecting the single-CPU computers in a ➢ Serial Mouse
network, however, this type of processing ➢ USB Mouse
requires very sophisticated software called ➢ Cordless Mouse
distributed processing software
Input Devices
Grid computing
• Voice recognition devices
❖ is a form of networking. Grid computing • Terminals
harnesses unused processing cycles of all • Touch-sensitive screens
computers in a network for solving problems • Bar-code scanners
• Point-of-sale (POS) devices
• Automatic teller machine (ATM)
Secondary Devices • Magnetic character recognition (MCIR)
• Radio frequency identification (RFID)
Magnetic tapes
❖ are magnetically coated strip of plastic on which
data can be encoded. Tapes are sequential-access
Output Devices • Apple Computer Operating System
• Linus Operating System
❖ Visual Display Units (VDU)
• Palm OS
Features of a Visual Display Unit
• Size Application Software
• Resolution
- Propriety Application Software
• Refresh rate
➢ Off-the-shelf application software
• Type
➢ Customized package
• Color
- Personal Application Software
• Scan pattern
➢ Word processing
➢ Spreadsheet application
❖ Printers
➢ Database application
• Impact printer ➢ Graphics program
• Non-impact printer ➢ Software suites
➢ Workgroup application software
➢ Enterprise application software
❖ Plotters
• Pen plotters
• Electrostatic plotters Programming Languages
- are set of symbols and rules used to write
program code for system and application
Computer Systems
software
Types of Computer Systems:
Evolution of Programming Languages
• Palmtops or PDA
i. first-generation languages
• Laptops or notebooks
ii. second-generation languages
• Thin client
iii. third-generation languages
• Server iv. fourth-generation languages
• Mainframe computers v. fifth-generation languages
• Supercomputers
Software
Software Issues and Trends
System Software
• software bugs
- Operating System (OS) • open sourcing
Functions of OS:
• software licensing
➢ Common computer hardware functions
• global software support
➢ Providing a user interface
➢ Providing a hardware independence
➢ Managing system memory
➢ Providing networking capability
➢ Controlling access to system resources
➢ Managing files

- User Interface
➢ Command-based user interface
➢ Graphical user interface (GUI)
➢ Application program interface (API)
Current OS

• Windows XP