preguntas-test-com-theory.

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luhernan

Teoría de la Comunicación

1º Doble Grado en Relaciones Internacionales y Comunicación

Internacional

Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales (Comillas Cihs)

Universidad Pontificia Comillas

Reservados todos los derechos.

No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
 A theory consists of a set of systematic, informed theorist’s ideas (or hunches) What do we mean by
informed?
a) the theorist is familiar with alternative explanations for the topic of interest

An example of noise/semantic barrier is

a) body language
b) lack of attention
c) deafness

According to McLuhan:
a) The medium is the message

According to Gerbner, those consume a large amount of television develop an exaggerated belief in
a) a mean and scary world

According to Agenda Setting, which of the following is most likely to serve as a gatekeeper?
a) An editor

According to Levinas, what is the ethical echo?

a) A reminder that we are responsible to take care of each other.

A theorist following symbolic interactionism (social constructionist) believes that

a) that society is created through communication

Broadcast television started around

a) 1920’s

Cultural studies typically rely on what type of methods?

a) qualitative research

Critical theory in general takes the view that media

a) are employed by corporate elites to constraint how people view their social world

Emphasis in Uses and Gratifications theories is

a) what audiences try to attempt to do with media messages

Field of experience is the key component of which model

a) interactional model

Frame analysis refers to

a) the study of the various ways in which news media include or exclude nuances of the
event reported

Following the knowledge gap assumptions

a) the advance of the internet in high developed countries is related to the increasing
digital divide

For Levinas, the responsive “I” is created by:

a) the way we respond to others

Findings based on Lazarsfeld’s model indicate that media effects

a) are small as compared to the role of personal influences

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 Gerbner’s research found that
a) Ethnic minority characters were more like to be victims of TV violence than wew
Caucasian characters

How does algorithmic gatekeeping pose a challenge to agenda-setting theory?

a) It blurs the theory’s fundamental separation of the media and public agendas.

How are media generally viewed in critical theories?

a) as sites of struggles over social, economic, symbolic and political power.

"it prioritises the relationship between the economy and forms of democratic politics"
a) Political economy of media

Isolation and the alienation that the rupture of the traditional bonds around the new industrial districts
provoked in the individuals is the premise of
a) mass society and mass-individual

In critical cultural studies, the concept of hegemony refers to

a) The subtle control of the "haves" over the "have-nots"

Implementation of the scientific method in the social sciences is difficult because of

a) most of significant and interesting forms of human behaviour are quite difficult to
measure; human behaviour is complex

Iyengar, Peters, and Kinder strengthened evidence for the agenda-setting hypothesis by showing
different versions of the news to different participants. This research approach is an example of:
a) An experiment

Implementation of the scientific method in the social sciences is difficult because of

a) Most of significant and interesting forms of human behaviour are quite difficult to
measure; human behaviour is complex

Laswell’s model includes the following components:

a) who say what to whom through what channel with what effect

Lazarsfeld’s study The People’s choice established the foundations for what type of media effects
theory?
a) Two-step flow theory

“Mass media are culture industries that turned high culture and folk culture into commodities sold for
profit” is the statement of
a) The Frankfurt School

“meaning is in people, not in words” is a central statement of

a) the transactional model

Media ecology states that

a) different societal environments are created by use of communication technologies

McLuhan's thought regarding the media is called:

a) technological determinism

McCombs and Shaw measured the media agenda by examining the ____ and_____ of news stories.

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 a) position, length

Minding in Symbolic interactionism is

a) thinking, described as inner conversation

Negotiating meaning in the transactional model means that

a) This model presumes that as we simultaneously send and receive messages, we attend
to both verbal and nonverbal elements of a message

One of the main concepts within the Frankfurt School of thought is that:
a) The media are instruments of social control through which economic power
manipulates individuals to accept the established social order

One of the main results of the research conducted by Paul Lazarsfeld on the effects of
media exposure for public opinion forming was that
a) media exposure is less important than interpersonal communication

One twitter account talks about how unethical corporate practices may have led to the economic
crisis. A television channel in their news bulletin talks about changes in government policy before the
economic crisis. These news outlets differ most clearly in their:
a) Framing

Political economy of media theorists focus on

a) how the processes of content production and distribution are economically and
industrially constrained.

Political economists of media study certain aspects of the media industries and their practices:
a) focusing primarily on media companies’ ownership patterns, organizational structures,
and business operations
Stuart Hall maintained that the powerless resist the dominant ideology by:
a) substituting an oppositional code

Self cannot be found through introspection, but instead through taking the role of the other and
imaging how we look from the other’s perspective. This is called
a) Reflections in a looking-glass

Symbolic interactionism implies

a) the way we learn how to interpret the world

Segments of the population with more economic resources have better access to information and
show greater interest in topics such as science or politics.That produces
a) an increased difference between rich and poor segments of population

Selective exposure in Hovland’s research identified that

b) individuals tend to expose themselves to the media according to their own interests and
attitudes and tend to avoid other content

The relational process of creating and interpreting messages that elicit a response is the definition of
which concept?
a) Communication

The claim of agenda-setting theory stated that

a) "the media does not tell us what to think, but it does tell us what to think about."

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Teoría de la Comunicación
Banco de apuntes de la
 The three core principles of symbolic interactionism are
a) Meaning, language and thinking

Theorists in the limited effects tradition in media effects think that

a) Several factors, such as characteristics of messages and the audience, must be
considered to study media impact

The following statement is characteristic of a certain worldview theorizing. Select the correct
worldview. “People usually behave the same way under similar circumstances”
a) Objective

“Television has long-term effects which are small,gradual,indirect but cumulative and significant” is the
argument of
a) cultivation studies

The agenda-setting hypothesis states that the mass media have the power to:
a) Transfer the salience of issues to the public.

The third level of agenda-setting refers to:

a) Which issues are connected to each other.

The assertion that technology is the main cause of social change belongs to
b) technological determinism

The Critical Tradition defines Communication as:

a) Communication as a reflective challenge to unjust discourse

The relational process of creating and interpreting messages that elicit a response is the
definition of which concept?
a) Communication

The hypodermic theory claims:

a) A direct influence of media stimuli on a homogenous audience

The hypodermic theory claims

a) a direct influence of media stimuli on a homogenous audience

The gratification that audiences derive from the use of new media
a) may have changed because people use new media to gratify other needs

The gratification that audiences derive from the use of new media
a) may have changed because people use new media to gratify other needs

Theories of limited effects (persuasion and influence) have as main representatives the
following authors:
a) Paul Lazarsfeld, Bernard Berelson and Carl Hovland

The main author of the spiral of silence is

a) Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann

The spiral of silence theory states that people who have a different opinion from the majority tend to
keep in silence
a) out of fear of isolation

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 Which of these criteria may be considered as objective in testing a theory?
a) Quantitative research

When we define communications as a relational process, we mean that

a) the flow of communication takes place between two or more persons and affects the
nature of the connections among those people

When communication researchers ask the question: how does the system work? They most probably
understand communication under which model
a) transmission model

What was the chief weakness of McCombs and Shaw’s initial Chapel Hill election study?
a) Correlation is not the same as causation

Which of the following research methods does symbolic interactionism (social constructivist) scholars
employ most chiefly in their work?
a) Ethnography

Why is this theory called SYMBOLIC interactionism?

a) because it is concerned with how we convey meanings through symbols

What term would symbolic interactionists insert in between “stimulus” and “response”? (remember
transactional model)
a) Interpretation

What is a longitudinal study?

a) A study that collects data from the same people at more than one point in time.

Who developed the two-step flow theory?

a) Lazarsfeld and other authors in a work called The people’s choice

When communication researchers ask the question: how does the system work? they most
probably understand communication under which model
a) Transmission model

Which of the following motivations for media use was not part of Rubin’s original typology?
a) Habit

Which of these criteria may be considered as objective in testing a theory?

a) Quantitative research

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Reservados todos los derechos. No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.