Antenna Design using HFSS

HFSS – Overview of solution process

Workshops

1. Design and analysis of Dipole Antenna at 900 MHz

2. Design and analysis of rectangular patch Antenna using edge feed technique at 10 GHz

WS. 1. Design and analysis of Dipole Antenna at 900 MHz

Aim:

To design and analyse a dipole antenna for 900 MHz.

Objective:

To design dipole antenna and analyse the following antenna parameters

1. Reflection coefficient (S-Parameter)

2. Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR)
3. Surface current distribution (J Surf)
4. Electric field distribution (E-field)
5. Magnetic field distribution (H-field)
6. 3-D radiation pattern
7. 2-D radiation pattern

Software required:

HFSS

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Diagram:

Specifications:

Parameter Variable Value

Dipole Length D_L 14.99cm
Dipole Radius D_R 0.25cm
Feed Gap P_G 0.25cm

Procedure:

Step 1: Initial Project Setup

1. Design
Open Ansys Electronics Desktop
Project ---- Insert HFSS Design

2. Solution type
HFSS ----- Solution type
Under solution type widow
Select HFSS with Hybrid and Arrays in solution types

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 Select Network analysis and Terminal in options
Click Ok

Step 2: Model Setup

1. Creating Geometry / Material

a. Creation of upper dipole arms
Draw ----- Cylinder (Randomly cylinder a box on Layout)
To edit box size
Choose Model --- Solids ---- Vacuum ---- cylinder1 ----- Double click on CreateCylinder
Enter the value
Center Position : 0,0,P_L/2 [(0,0,0.125cm)]
Radius : D_R (0.25cm)
Height : D_L/2 (7.495cm)
Click Ok

Rename Cylinder1 to UpperArm

Double click on Cylinder1 ----- change Cylinder1 to UpperArm under name ---- Click Ok

Material Assignment:
Right Click on UpperArm ----- Choose Assign Material
Material Library Window will appear
In Search by name type Copper/PEC and select the material Copper/PEC.
Click Ok.

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 b. Creation of Lower dipole arm
To create lower arm, we can go in two ways
1. Creation of geometry
2. Duplication of upper arm along axis

We can use any one of the above method,

1. Creation of Geometry
Draw ----- Cylinder (Randomly cylinder a box on Layout)
To edit box size
Choose Model --- Solids ---- Vacuum ---- cylinder1 ----- Double click on CreateCylinder
Enter the value
Center Position : 0,0,-(P_L/2)-(D_L/2) [(0,0,-0.125cm-7.495cm)]
Radius : D_R (0.25cm)
Height : D_L/2 (7.495cm)
Click Ok

Rename Cylinder1 to LowerArm

Double click on Cylinder1 ----- change Cylinder1 to LowerArm under name ---- Click Ok

Material Assignment:
Right Click on UpperArm ----- Choose Assign Material
Material Library Window will appear
In Search by name type Copper/PEC and select the material Copper/PEC.
Click Ok.

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 2. Duplication of upper arm along axis
Choose UpperArm ------ Edit in menu bar ------ Duplicate ----- Along Axis
Duplicate Around Axis window will appear
Axis : X
Angle : 180 deg
Total number : 2
Click ok

While using duplication we don’t need assign material, material property assigned to
UpperArm will be assigned automatically.

Rename UpperArm_1 to LowerArm

Double click on UpperArm_1 ----- change UpperArm_1 to LowerArm under name ----
Click Ok

c. Creation of Excitation Geometry

Choose XZ plane

Draw ----- Rectangle (Randomly draw a rectangle on Layout)

To edit rectangle size
Choose Model --- Sheet ---- Unassigned ---- Rectangle1 ----- Double click on
CreateRectangle
Enter the value
Position : -(D_R), 0, -(P_G/2) [(-0.25cm, 0cm, -0.25cm)]
Xsize : 2*D_R (0.5cm)
Zsize : P_G (0.25cm)
Click Ok

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 Rename Rectangle1 to Port
Double click on Rectangle1 ----- change Rectangle1 to Port under name ---- Click Ok

Excitation Assignment:
Right Click on Port ----- Assign Excitation ----- Port ------ Lumped
Port
Reference Conductors for terminals window will appear
Check LowerArm option and Click Ok.

d. Assignment of Open region (Absorbing Boundary Condition)

Right Click on Layout ----- Choose create open region
Create Open Region window will apear
Opearting Frequency : 0.9GHz
Select Radiation in Boundary option.

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Step 3 : Solution Setup
In Project Manager Window
Right Click on Analysis ----- Add Solution Setup ----- Advanced
Solution Setup window will appear
Select Single in Solution Frequency
Frequency – 0.9GHz
Maximum number of passes – 15
Maximum Delta S – 0.02
Click Ok

Frequency Sweep Window will apppear

Select Linear Step
Start – 1GHz, End – 4GHz, Step size – 0.006GHz
Check Save Fields and Save radiated fields only
Click Ok.

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Run the Simulation
Choose Simulation tab ------ Click Validate
Validation Check Window will appear
Click Close
Click Analyze All

Once Simulation is completed

In message manager window

Normal completion of simuation on server will appear.

Step 4 : Viewing Result

1. Reflection coefficient/Return Loss/S-Parameter

Right click on Results ------ Create terminal solution data report ------ Rectangular plot
Plot Report will appear
Choose Terminal S-Parameter in Category
Choose St in Quantity and dB in function
Click New Report

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 2. VSWR
Right click on Results ------ Create terminal solution data report ------ Rectangular plot
Plot Report will appear
Choose Terminal VSWR in Category
Choose St in Quantity and dB in function
Click New Report

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 3. Surface current Distribution

In Modeller Window

Choose UpperArm and LowerArm together using control ---- Plot fields ---- J ----- Mag_Jsurf

4. Electric Field Distribution 5. Magnetic field Distribution

Similarly,

Plot for Mag_E Plot for Mag_H

6 3D Radiation Pattern

Right click on Results ------ Create far field report ------ 3D polar plot

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 Plot Report will appear
Choose 3D in Geometry
Choose Gain in Category
Choose GainTotal in Quantity and dB in function
Click New Report

7 2D Radaition Pattern
Right click on Results ------ Create far field report ------ Radiation Pattern

Plot Report will appear

Choose Elevation in geometry
Choose Gain in Category
Choose GainTotal in Quantity and dB in function
Click New Report

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WS. 2. Design and analysis of rectangular patch Antenna using edge feed technique
Aim:

To design and analyse a rectangular microstrip patch antenna for 10 GHz using edge feed
technique.

Objective:

To design rectangular patch antenna and analyse the following antenna parameters

1. Reflection coefficient (S-Parameter)

2. Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR)
3. Surface current distribution (J Surf)
4. Electric field distribution (E-field)
5. Magnetic field distribution (H-field)
6. 3-D radiation pattern
7. 2-D radiation pattern

Software required:

HFSS

Diagram:

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Specifications:

Substrate – Duriod ™ (Rel. Permittivity – 2.2, loss tan – 0.0009)

Parameter Variable Value

Substrate Dimension X SubX 2.7cm
Substrate Dimension Y SubY 4.05cm
Substrate Thickness SubH 0.1575cm
Feed Length FeedLength 0.914cm
Feed Width FeedWidth 0.493cm
Edge Feed Length EdgeFeedLength 0.562cm
Edge feed width EdgeFeedWidth 0.192cm
Patch Dimension X PatchX 1.19cm
Patch Dimensions Y PatchY 0.91cm

Procedure:

Step 1: Initial Project Setup

1. Design
Open Ansys Electronics Desktop
Project ---- Insert HFSS Design

2. Solution type
HFSS ----- Solution type
Under solution type widow
Select HFSS with Hybrid and Arrays in solution types
Select Network analysis and Terminal in options
Click Ok

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Step 2: Model Setup

1. Creating Geometry / Material

a. Creation of Substrate
Draw ----- box (Randomly draw a box on Layout)
To edit box size
Choose Model --- Solids ---- Vacuum ---- Box1 ----- Double click on CreateBox
Enter the value
Position : 0,0,0
Xsize : SubX (2.7cm)
Ysize : SubY (4.05cm)
Zsize : SubH (0.1575cm)
Click Ok

Rename Box1 to substrate

Double click on Box1 ----- change Box1 to Substrate under name ---- Click Ok

Material Assignment:
Right Click on Substrate ----- Choose Assign Material
Material Library Window will appear
In Search by name type Duroid and select the material Duroid tm.
Click Ok.

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 b. Creation of Ground
Draw ----- Rectangle (Randomly draw a rectangle on Layout)
To edit rectangle size
Choose Model --- Sheet ---- Unassigned ---- Rectangle1 ----- Double click on
CreateRectangle
Enter the value
Position : 0,0,0
Xsize : SubX (2.7cm)
Ysize : SubY (4.05cm)
Click Ok

Rename Rectangle1 to Ground

Double click on Rectangle1 ----- change Rectangle1 to Ground under name ---- Click Ok

Boundary Assignment:
Right Click on Ground ----- Assign Boundary ----- Choose PerfectE
PerfectE Boundary window will appear
Click Ok

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 c. Creation of Feed Line
Draw ----- Rectangle (Randomly draw a rectangle on Layout)
To edit rectangle size
Choose Model --- Sheet ---- Unassigned ---- Rectangle1 ----- Double click on
CreateRectangle
Enter the value
Position : (SubX/2)-(FeedWidth/2),0,SubH
Xsize : FeedWidth (0.493cm)
Ysize : FeedLength (0.914cm)
Click Ok

Rename Rectangle1 to FeedLine

Double click on Rectangle1 ----- change Rectangle1 to FeedLine under name ---- Click Ok

Boundary Assignment:
Right Click on FeedLine ----- Assign Boundary ----- Choose PerfectE
PerfectE Boundary window will appear
Click Ok

d. Creation of Edge Feed Line

Draw ----- Rectangle (Randomly draw a rectangle on Layout)
To edit rectangle size

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 Choose Model --- Sheet ---- Unassigned ---- Rectangle1 ----- Double click on
CreateRectangle
Enter the value
Position : (SubX/2)-(FeedWidth/2), Feedlength, SubH
Xsize : EdgeFeedWidth (0.192cm)
Ysize : EdgeFeedLength (0.562cm)
Click Ok

Rename Rectangle1 to EdgeFeedLine

Double click on Rectangle1 ----- change Rectangle1 to EdgeFeedLine under name ----
Click Ok

Boundary Assignment:
Right Click on EdgeFeedLine ----- Assign Boundary ----- Choose PerfectE
PerfectE Boundary window will appear
Click Ok

e. Creation of Patch
Draw ----- Rectangle (Randomly draw a rectangle on Layout)
To edit rectangle size
Choose Model --- Sheet ---- Unassigned ---- Rectangle1 ----- Double click on
CreateRectangle
Enter the value
Position : (SubX/2)-(PatchX/2), Feedlength+EdgeFeedLength, SubH
Xsize : PatchX (1.19cm)
Ysize : PatchY (0.91cm)
Click Ok

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 Rename Rectangle1 to Patch
Double click on Rectangle1 ----- change Rectangle1 to Patch under name ---- Click Ok

Boundary Assignment:
Right Click on Patch ----- Assign Boundary ----- Choose PerfectE
PerfectE Boundary window will appear
Click Ok

Unite FeedLine, Edge Feedline and Patch

Chosse three goemetries simultaneously
Choose Modeller ----- Boolean ----- Unite

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 f. Creation of Excitation Geometry
Choose XZ plane

Draw ----- Rectangle (Randomly draw a rectangle on Layout)

To edit rectangle size
Choose Model --- Sheet ---- Unassigned ---- Rectangle1 ----- Double click on
CreateRectangle
Enter the value
Position : (SubX/2)-(FeedWidth/2), 0, 0
Xsize : FeedWidth (1.19cm)
Zsize : SubH (0.91cm)
Click Ok

Rename Rectangle1 to Port

Double click on Rectangle1 ----- change Rectangle1 to Port under name ---- Click Ok

Excitation Assignment:
Right Click on Port ----- Assign Excitation ----- Port ------ Lumped Port
Reference Conductors for terminals window will appear
Check Ground option and Click Ok.

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 g. Assignment of Open region (Absorbing Boundary Condition)
Right Click on Layout ----- Choose create open region
Create Open Region window will apear
Opearting Frequency : 10GHz
Select Radiation in Boundary option.

Step 3 : Solution Setup

In Project Manager Window
Right Click on Analysis ----- Add Solution Setup ----- Advanced
Solution Setup window will appear
Select Single in Solution Frequency
Frequency – 10GHz
Maximum number of passes – 10
Maximum Delta S – 0.02
Click Ok

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Select Frequency Sweep Window will apppear
Linear Step
Start – 1GHz, End – 4GHz, Step size – 0.006GHz
Check Save Fields and Save radiated fields only
Click Ok.

Run the Simulation

Choose Simulation tab ------ Click Validate
Validation Check Window will appear
Click Close
Click Analyze All

Once Simulation is completed

In message manager window
Normal completion of simuation on server will appear.

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Step 4 : Viewing Result

1. Reflection coefficient/Return Loss/S-Parameter

Right click on Results ------ Create terminal solution data report ------ Rectangular plot
Plot Report will appear
Choose Terminal S-Parameter in Category
Choose St in Quantity and dB in function
Click New Report

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 2. VSWR
Right click on Results ------ Create terminal solution data report ------ Rectangular plot
Plot Report will appear
Choose Terminal VSWR in Category
Choose St in Quantity and dB in function
Click New Report

3. Surface current Distribution

In Modeller Window

Right click on EdgefeedLine ---- Plot fields ---- J ----- Mag_Jsurf

4. Electric Field Distribution 5. Magnetic field Distribution

Similarly,

Plot for Mag_E Plot for Mag_H

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 6 3D Radiation Pattern

Right click on Results ------ Create far field report ------ 3D polar plot

Plot Report will appear

Choose 3D in Geometry
Choose Gain in Category
Choose GainTotal in Quantity and dB in function
Click New Report

7 2D Radaition Pattern
Right click on Results ------ Create far field report ------ Radiation Pattern

Plot Report will appear

Choose Elevation in geometry
Choose Gain in Category
Choose GainTotal in Quantity and dB in function
Click New Report

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