EXPERIMENT NO.

13
Quantitative analysis

Read through the whole method before starting any practical work. Where appropriate, prepare a table
for your results in the space provided.

Show the precision of the apparatus you used in the data you record.

Show your working and appropriate significant figures in the answer to each step of your calculations.

1 You will determine the enthalpy change, ∆H, of the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric
acid. To do this you will measure the change in temperature when a piece of magnesium ribbon
reacts with an excess of hydrochloric acid.

Mg(s) + 2HCl (aq) → MgCl 2(aq) + H2(g)

FA 1 is hydrochloric acid, HCl.

FA 2 is magnesium ribbon, Mg. You should assume its mass is 0.19 g.

(a) Method

• Support the cup in the 250 cm3 beaker.

• Coil FA 2 so that it will fit into the bottom of the cup then remove it.
• Use the measuring cylinder to transfer 25.0 cm3 of FA 1 into the cup.
• Place the thermometer in the acid and, if necessary, tilt the cup so that the bulb of the
thermometer is fully covered. Measure and record the temperature at time = 0 in the
table of results.
• Start timing and do not stop the clock until the whole experiment has been completed at
time = 8 minutes.
• Record the temperature of FA 1 in the cup every half minute for 1 12 minutes.
• At time = 2 minutes carefully drop the coil of FA 2 into the acid and stir the mixture.
• Record the temperature every half minute. Stir the mixture between thermometer
readings.

Results

1
time / minutes 0 2
1 1 12 2 2 12 3 3 12 4

temperature / °C 21.0 21.0 21.021.0 28.0 35.0 40.0 43.0

time / minutes 4 12 5 5 12 6 6 12 7 7 12 8

temperature / °C 44.0 44.0 44.043.042.041.040.0 39.0

[4]

9701/03/SP/22
 (b) Plot a graph of temperature (on the y-axis) against time (on the x-axis) on the grid.
The scale for the y-axis should extend 10 °C above the maximum temperature you recorded.
Circle any points you consider to be anomalous.
You will use the graph to determine the theoretical maximum temperature rise at
time = 2 minutes.
X

60 -

55=

(5,=
== = =

8
17 45.

#
X x X
*

*
40 -
* &

35 -

30 -

X.

25 -

21 ↓ X X X

20 -

15
! ! !b " j b I o
Time/min
-

Draw two lines of best fit, the first for the temperature before adding FA 2 and the second for
the cooling of the mixture. Extrapolate both lines to 2 minutes and determine the theoretical
rise in temperature at this time. 51.0 =21.0 -

30.0
theoretical rise in temperature at 2 minutes = ..................................................... °C [4]
(c) Calculations

(i) Use your answer to (b) to calculate the energy change when FA 2 is added to FA 1.
(Assume 4.2 J of energy changes the temperature of 1.0 cm3 of the mixture by 1.0 °C.)
mCAT
=

=25 x 4.2x30

3150
energy change = ................................ J [1]

(ii) Use your answer to (c)(i) to calculate the enthalpy change, ∆H, in kJ mol–1, when 1 mol
of magnesium, FA 2, reacts with hydrochloric acid, FA 1.
7.82x103md
n
= 0.1
=
=

7.82X10nd- ↑
3.150K5

x
1mb -

402.8
∆H = …… .................... kJ mol–1 [1]
(sign) (value) [2]

(d) A student repeats the procedure, but instead of hydrochloric acid, uses sulfuric acid, H2SO4,
of the same concentration. The student predicts that the enthalpy change will be twice the
value of the enthalpy change with hydrochloric acid.

Explain whether the student’s prediction is correct.

Student acid
wrong as
already
is
is
...................................................................................................................................................

in and
magnesium
i
limiting reactant.
..............................................................................................................................................
excess [1]

(e) The enthalpy change determined in (c)(ii) is not accurate.

Suggest and explain one improvement you could make to the method in (a) to increase the
accuracy of the experiment.
Use a lid
improvement .............................................................................................................................

It will preventheatloss to
explanation ...............................................................................................................................

the
surroundings.
...................................................................................................................................................
[1]

[Total: 13]