Triangles

Multiple Choice Questions (1M)

the side AC of the friangle as shown below. The
transpor truck havinga height of 470 cm lengths of the paths PA and RC are given as 8 Cm
A awayfromthe base of brightly illuminated and 6cm respectively. Then the length of the path
trimg at.aspeed of 4.8 m/s. 1fthe building is
huilding
QB is (Ev)
abovethe ground,then the length of truck's
ISSm seconds is:
hadow after3 (An)
R
8cm
Building 6 cm
Shadow
of Truck

(o) 420cm (b) 400 cm 56 7

c)480 cm (d) 320 cm (a) cm
(b) Cm
7 56
na nark. there are two right-angled triangular 25
sections created by paths intersecting at a right 24
(c) cm (d) Cm
angle. The first triangular section AADB has a 7 7

night angle at point D, and the second triangular 4. In aset of two similar triangles, APOR and AYZ
gction ADEPF has a right angle at point E. The have a scale factor of4: 7.Given this information,
lengths of the sides are given below: which of the following statements is/are true?
AB= 68 cm, BD = 60 cm,
(An)
DF = 102 cm and EF= 48 cm (An) (a) The ratio of their perimeter is 12:7
A B
(b) The ratio of their altitudes is 4:7
(c) The ratio of their medians is 2:7
(d) The ratio of their angle bisectors is 4:7
5. The triangle XYZ is right-angled at Y. Ifthe triangle
D E XYZ is similar to a triangle ABC, which is right
angled at B, and the hypotenuse of triangle XYZ is
10 cm, which is half the length of the hypotenuse
of triangle ABC, calculate the ratio of the perimeter
of triangle XYZ to that of triangle 4BC. (Ev)
F (a) 1:2 (b) l:4
CalADEF.culate the ratio of the perimeter of AADBto (c) 2:1 () 5:3
tay 3/2 6. AABC and APQR are similar triangles. A, and A,
lc) 2/3 (b) 1/2 are the altitudes, P and P, are the perimeters of
(d) None of these AABC and APQR respectively.
Ihreehapark ,a triangularflower bedissdesigned having Which of these is the same as the ratio of the sides
paths PA, QB, and RC, each perpendicularto of A4BC to that of APOR? (An)
 (i) (ii)
P
A,

(ii) (iv)

(a) only (i) and (ii)

(b) only (ii) and (iii)
(c) only (iii) and (iv)
(a) 6 m
() (Cannot be concluded from the given (c) 10.2 m (b) 96m
infomation.) 9. Leela has a triangular
(d) 12 m
7. While browsing through catalogue of wooden staircase. There are four cabinet that
parallel\
shelves, Ramprasad came across these two
beautiful triangular shaped shelf. In these two
below.
y cm
shelves as
triangular shelves, Shelf4 and ShelfB are similar
with the sides of Shelf B twice as long as those of 2y cm
Shelf A. Shelf A has a right angle at B and sides 144 cm
2y cm
3m and 4 m long. If the books are lying on the
hypotenuse of the Shelf B, the find the length of 3y cm
Book
the longest book that bits on that side, neglecting
width of book. (Cr)
The total height of the cabinet is 144 cm :
is the maximum height of a b0ok that a:
can
upright on the bottom-most shelf?
B
(a) 118 cm (b) 2.36 cm
(c) 354 cm (d) 4.86.4 em
3m 10. C
4m
2 .c
4 m

70° 6
R
C
Shelf A Shelf B

(a) Sm (b) 10m 4 .c8m

(c) 15m (d) 20 m 0.8 em 70°

8. An architect designed this triangular shaped
window for a chapel. In the window, the triangle B

XYZ is right angled at Y. The window is designed twotrian

Scenario: In the given figure,
formed
such that the ratio of XYto YZis 3:4.The architect AAOB and ACOD, are and CB.Gi
also add brace YD to support the structure which intersecting diagonals ADverticallyoppos
that ZAOB and ZCOD are he
is perpendicular to XZ. If the total length of the andDO
hypotenuse XZ is 20m, then the length of the is angles and sides A0, BO, CO, thesimilsn
specific lengths. Let's analyzei
brace is (Cr) between these triangles.
Mathematicsy
208
 ACO) are not similar
MOBand/DO BO and CO do not T2. Assertion (A): Ifin two triangles, all corresponding
A0and
.saneproportionality angles are equal, then the triangles are similar.
ACOD are similar
Reason (R): Ifintwo triangles, the corresponding
AAOBand medians are proportional to the corresponding
ACODand the corresponding
BO/COarein the ratio 2: 1, sides, then the two triangles are similar. (Un)
13. Scenario: During amath class. the teacher presents
'similarity criterion.
the
SAs
AAOBand
ACOD are not similar Iwo triangles, stating that in one triangle, two sides
and sides do not mcet the are three times the corresponding sides in another
angles
wmylarity
cTleria,
(Cr) triangle. Additionally, the teacher mentions that
is/are correct) the perimeter of the first triangle is three times
givenstatements
Wnho(the that of the second triangle.
Ony Statement
ptions: |
Assertion (A): If two sides of one triangle are
three times the corresponding two sides of another
OnlyStalement| |
triangle, and the perimeter of the first triangle is
OnlyStaterment I|I|
three times the perimeter of the second triangle,
statements are correct then the two triangles are similar.
hAllthe.
Reason (R): If the corresponding sides of two
Type Questions (1 M) triangles are in the same proportion. then the
sertionReason triangles are similar. (An)
thefollowing questions,
Astatement of
athon:In
followed by a statement of Reason (R). Very Short Answer Type Questions (2 M)
thecorTect
choiceas. 14. The perimeter of two similar triangles are 64 cm
(A)and Reason (R) are true, and 12l cm.
Auth Assertion
(R) the correct explanation of If the length of a side of the larger triangle is
Rd Reason
ertion(A). 55 cm, find the length of thecorresponding side
true.
of the smaller triangle. Show your work. (Un)
Boah ASsertion (A) and Reason (R) are 15. Are the two quadrilaterals shown below similar?
Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Give a reason for your answer. (Ev)
Asertion (A ).
setion (A)is true, but Reason (R) is false. 50°\

sertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

2.5 cm 2.5 cm
(2.5 cm (2.5) cm
Senario: In amath class, the teacher presents two
ighi triangles, ABC and ABD on the same base
IB and on the same side of AB, in which ZD Q100° 100°
C=90°. Lines CB and AD intersect at point E. 1.5 cm 15 cm 100° 100°(
(1.5F cm (1.5F cmn
D
E 16. In atriangular park, a landscape architect wants
to create a smaller triangular flower bed which
is similar to triangular's park. If the park's sides
measure 60m, 60m, and 70 m, and the longest side
of the flower bed is 14 m, then find the other two
B sides of the flower bed.
Assertion (A): The relationship
Bholds. AE x ED= CE x 17. A photographer is using a camera obscura to
(An)

project an image of a 30m tall building onto a

Heason (R}: Il
tanyples are equal,correspondi ng angles
then the triangles
of two
are similar.
screen. If the pinhole of the camera is 0.5 m from
the screen and the projected image is 15 cm tall,
(Un) how far is the camera trom the building? (Ev)
209
 Ina mystical realm, a
in which OP and
arc RS on a magical00 are
wizard draws
The wizard claims Circle equalwith the
Is the wizard's that AOSR is
claim correct
22. Inatriangular plot of land. ? Si lar
a land PNK to
form a ,LMK.
Calculate the side PN inp0d as he
termsShown 1s fe care.
0.5 m

18. Twopoles of heights 6mand |l mstand vertically

on levelground which are 100 mapart. Their tops P
are connected by a straight wire. At what distance
from the shorter pole should a 5 m tall pole be S5°
placed so that its top just touches the wire? (An) 55°
M+ N
19. In a triangle 4BC. a line DE is drawn parallel to
BC. intersecting 4B at D and AC at E. Another 23. In a city park,two similar
Iine FG is drawn parallel to DE, intersecting AB
at F and 4Cat G.Prove that AF AG
Triangle ABC and
Triangle
such that the ratio of
triangular
DEF.,are ds
(An) the
FB GC the perimeter of ADEF is 5: 7. perimeter
of

Short Answer Type Questions (3 M) (i) John claims that AB

Is his
20. Ageologist asked his assistant Nidhi, if the length
Justify your answer.
DE 7 clatm y
of the lake, PO, can be found from the information
shown below. i) If the length of the side AB
R is m. âr 10
length of the side DE
P
24. Aseries of similar triangles as
70
m

shown in f:
180 m |85 m below converges to point C. If AE =16. B)
then find the value of HI.
14
m 0

90 m A

Nidhi said, "It is possible to find the length of the 16

lake, PQ."
Is Nidhi's statement correct? Justify your answer
with valid reasons. (An)
21.

Long Answer Type Questions (5 M)

R 25. Rahul's dad, askilled mathematician. gike
geometry problem to solve. The problem
figure
a trapezium PQTS shown inthe measurente
where ST is parallel to PO. All
are in units. Rahul needs to provea
formula for the trapezium.
Mathematics
210
 28. Case
Case-Based Questions (4 M)
Bascd-: Rohit' dad. who is good
mathematics, gave him
building's height Rohit
a fun task to measure a
uscd amirror on the grouti
Tor this task. He tood at a snof where he cotuld see
lhe top of the buitding n the mirror Rohit's eyes
are 1.8 meters above the yround. He is stanl1ng
melers away from the miror, and the hulding
Is 2.5 meters away from the mirror.

o'geometry
Anonledge
to provethatthe
L8 m
trapczium
PO7Sis (a+b)h square
- ofST:., bis the length
lengih 12.5 m Mirror( M 5 m
sthe between ST and PQ. (C) D

height
ihe, Based on the above information, answer the
2bis
(not drawn to scale) OG
is
figure
3
following questions:
OG= PR.If BG meets OR () Apply your understanding of similar triangles
PRand
to
lel
parallelto BF then: (Cr) and proportions to determine the height of the
Sand PEis building.
P (ii) Use your knowledge of angles in triangles to
find the value of ZMCD, given that in AABM.
ZBAM = 30°
(iii) If AABM and ACDM are similar, with CD =
B 6 cm, MD= 8cm, and BM= 24 cm, calculate
the length of AB.
29. Case Based-II: Vijay tries to find the average
R
height ofa tower near his house. He uses the
F
properties of similar triangles. The height of
Vijay's house is 20 m, while his house casts a
shadow of 10 mlong on the ground. At the same
time, the tower casts a shadow of 50 mlong on the
ground and Ajay's house casts 20 m long shadow
on the ground. (Cr)
valueof FG
4)Findthe EP
of FO.
BJfER =3 cm. Find the value
triangles
-4surveyor uses the principle of similar
pmeasure the width of ariver. She sets up a 9 m aaar

al pole perpendicular to the riverbank and walks

maway from it. From this point, the top of
te pole aligns with a tree on the opposite bank.
Which is 45 mtall. If her eye level is 1.8 m above
te ground, what is the width of the river? (An) Vijay's house Tower Ajay's house

angles 211
 Based on the above intormation, answer the Based on the above
follw ng qucstions
) hat is the height of the tower'
following questions:
(i) The water tower information,
cast a
an

(2) hat is the hetght of Ajav's house

(ar) What wall e t mgth ofthe shaw otthe tower
the same time, a
of 5m. What is
tree near
the
shadow of 25-
when \ijs hse sts a shadow of l2m? () Ascale model of the
height ofthetree
30, Case Based-ll: SomeoNte water towers have height is created. The water tower
hen bult to suppl water to the localities nearby. 75 cm each. What is the height of its p
Thev an usually mounted with a cvlindrical tank. m) in the actual water height
tower oi api
Awater tower for a lvaity is 40 m high. (Cr) (iii) Dharmendra made a
tower for another scale model o
locality.
reservoir in the model is 6 The radiu
cm
is 216 cm'. The
radius of theandactuts
reservoir is 2.5 m. What is
its volum:
 Coordinate Geometry

Questions (1M)
Multiple Choice (a)
l6
thcir journCvs from the
Arun start at 25n
1. Preeti and diflerent directions and (c)
travel in
sme poni but heads cast and then
south. 16
spods. Prvei
\an ng Thev end 5. Asatellite is
vestand then north. foldescribed
lowing aat path
uhile Arn moves figure
locations, and we need to position canlnbe
up at ditlerent
out the distance between
1. Preeti drives cast at
these two tinal points.
30 km h for 12
minutes,
coordinates. At one
by (acos0 + bsine, monment,
0) and dif erepnotsitmioen
at
its
its position is given by (0, another m
kmh for 3minutes.
then heads south at 60
minutes. mission control team needsasin9 +bons
kmh for 4 to
Arun drives west at 30
then moves north at 45 kmh
for 4minutes.
distance the satellite has
two positions. traveled determ1betwex
distance between Preeti's
What is the straight-line
(An)
and Arun 's final positions?
(a) 10km (b) 12 km
(c) 15 km (d) 20km
and Ragini are
2. On a plavground. Parth. Qasim,
R(8, 9)
standing at the points P(2.4). Q(8,6), and
respectively. Sameer is standing exactly halfway
distance
between Parth and Qasim. What is the
between Sameer and Ragini? (Ev)
(a) 5 units (b) 4 units
(c) 3units (d) 2 units Statement (i): The distance between the pot
3. In a geometry class, students are tasked with be found using the formula
determining the type of triangle formed by three
given points on a coordinate plane. The points are V(acose + bsin) +(asin® - bcose).
simplk:S
A5. 1). B1.4). andC(8. 5). The teacher asks them Statement (ii): The distance formula
trigonometricident
to identify whether the triangle is right-angled and. Va'+b after applying
if so. what specific type of triangle it is. (An) the Pythagorean
Statement (ii): Usingcoordinates proE
(a) Equilateral triangle in the context of
the
(b) Scalene right-angled triangle distance is Va' +b.
(c) Isosceles right-angled triangle arecon
statements IS
Which of the given
(d) Isosceles acute-angled triangle
4. In acity planning project, three circular parks are (a) Only (i) is correct
to be constructed with centers at A(2,3), B(6,7), correct
and C10. I|). If the radius of cach park is equal (b) (ii) and (iii) are
correct
lo 1/4 of the distance between the other two parks () ())and (iii)are
centers. what is the area of the largest park? (Cr) (d) Only (iv) is correct
 tamous monumnt
ihee aPark The coorvinates Siatement ) the xonrdinate nf pint Os
Pinca/ al
Vou are standing
are(3
distace tom
oklihatthe Sitatement i) he yeoniae ofpons O8 6
/are monumentisexacily
Satement i)) he sumof he oodinates of
(kmine ihe valueof4)
omula, he value pont OisL,
o +(k-0)-3
sinpliiNingthe equation,
we
Aer
found
the equation, &is
is are come? (i)

aNarecomvy
aN areeore

straightpath connecing points

s a willbe built along
into wo segmentsN,
dhàingthis ath Which ofthe given statements is/are correct? (E)
which the axis divides the (a) Only () iscorrect
thesepoints? (Um)
NJ ing (b) (W) and (/1) are correct
(0) 1:7
() :3 (c) () and (/) are correct
P(3e, 2) and (d) (W)and (iv) are correct.
has wo landmarks at points
The midpoint of the line segment 10. In what ratio does the point divide the
g theselandmarksis .Using this line segment joining A(3, 7) and B-11,0)? (Cr)
mation, certain statements about the values (a) 1:2(externally) (b) 1:2(internally)
icat dcan be derived.
nent ():e=| (c) 2:1(externally) () 2:1(internally)
Snent (ü): d=4
imcnt() cxd=-2 Assertion Reason Type Questions (1 M)
defthe given statements is/are correct? (An) Direction: In the following questions, A statement of
0oly (0 is correct Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R).
Mark the correct choice as.
@nd (ii are correct
S@ and (ii) are (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and
correct Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion
Oaly (iüi) is
Iter flows correct (A).

),A between two points (3, 4) and (b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true,
Lwhich fidisvherman
places his boat at point but Reason (R)is not the correct explanation of
oe points inides the line segment joining Assertion (A).
Snlinates of poithent ratio 3:2. Determining the (c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
tnate Geometry
221
 measure the
1A The line nate axes
cnted at points
eN rdinate plane The he coordi 2y
Nhoren Theoren to
reenthesetwo points,
eie th dstee
teerte(AkThe
distence etweentwo points
odistepanecan be found using the
hihanTheoem
plane, the distance
Reen(R: naacoordinate
(t, ))and (t, )can be
ven o points formula
olotedsingthe
(U) ()
triangular observation Whataret
(in) What is the
12 Ina wildife reserve, a
re is marked by points (2,6), (5,9), and
(9,4). A
segment 15. A
your the area off of
steps. theco rdintaestriange
nnger needs to find apoint on the line
close to geologis2.t3), ploting
map: A(-
is
joining (2.6) and (9,4)hat is twice as form an B(1A, three
(26)as itis to (94). AR and BCisOsceles and Cl5-1
are triangle whehy
Assertion (A): The coordinates of the required
detrational the equal. The
erminenumber.value of k, knomgeolo
point are (38,5.2).
Reason (R): The section formula for internal
16. PO is a
of Pis - line segment such that te
drvision ofa line sogment joining(;) and (,),) of PQ is and lies on the y-axis I
in the ratiom:nis given by: Find the O3,-6). of
(An)
17. Acircle with coordinates
centre
). Show vo
m+n points A(1,2) and B. O(2,-5) has 1che
perpendicular to the M5,-2)ifrosmthebeos
chord
AB.
Very Short Answer Type Questions (2 M) Find the coordinates of point B. Shn
13. Acityplanning team needs to place awater fountain with valid reasons.
exactly halfway between two playgrounds located 18. Akite is flying at point
K(63) w
at coordinates (2, -3) and (, 5). The midpoint anchored at point A(0,0). The stig
must also lie on the line 3r+ 2y =7. long. Agust of wind shifts the ki l
by 3units to the right and vertcaly
upward. Determine the new codn
kite. Additionally, check if the nev
the kite still lies within the ornginal key
string.
Short Answer Type Questions(
placcdat te
19, Asurveillance camera isto monitor
plane
of acoordinate ofviewthat c
camera has a field
direction.An intruders
any
Ounits in a
movesin
point (4,5) and ofthe noints whereit
coordinates
Determine the value of x. the camera's fieldof view.
(Evy) exits the Mathemati

222
 Alex and Jamie, start at
hunters, respectively. They
B(6.3)
p o i nBt
treasure located at point
-1)and
the
pWards oftheir distances from T
theratio
coordinatesof the treasure.
that
the
sh
Deternmine
on
the line y= 2r- 5.
lies with the
ifT determined
onall:
valueof (An)
binste
valu
o e fr

line y=3r+ 2. A bridge

along Iperpendicularto the ríver
the
econstructed
lofthe
bridgeis at point P(4,14). () Determine the coordinates of point B.
cnd
one
() If point C(8, 2) is one vertex of the
hat
rectangle,
find the coordinates of the fourth vertex D.
(ii) Calculate the area of the rectangle
these vertices. formed by
(Cr)
26. On a golf course, three holes
A(-6.-1),B and
C9, 4) lie on a straight line in that order. The
distance betweenB and C is two times that
between Band A.
Rahul strikes the ball, which is at point P(2,3).
coordinatess of the point where the such that it goes in the hole B.
e at
y)ifFit intersects the river
the
ermine
R(a, (i) Find the coordinates of hole B.
at the bridge in 2:3 at Q. (Cr) (ii) Find the shortest distance covered by the ball.
divides
coordinates of the points of trisection Show your steps. (Cr)
the
segmentjoining the points (8, 0) and 27. A farmer wants to build a pasture in the
(Un) shape of
eJine a quadrilateral. He has plotted the four corners of
threefamilies
living at the three corners the pasture at the following coordinates: A(4.2,
gine triangular-shapedresidential complex. 3.5), B(7.4,6.8), C(3.5,10.2), and D-0.7,6.9).
e
saunique
coordinatesof these corners are A(5, -2). Determine if the pasture will be in the shape of a
e C(-2,8). The cooling efficiency of rhombus or not.
) and (Ev)
rplaced anywhereeinthe complex
conditioner
28. Three players are standing on the circle at points
at itsdistancefrom each corner. To ensure
enndson A(-5, 0), B(1, 0) and C(3, 4). Aball is placed at a
sreceive uniform1and eficient cooling,
residents
shouldthe air conditioner be installed? point that is equidistant from all 3 players.
shere (i) What are the coordinates of the ball?
Centroidi divides median in 2: 1) (Ev)
Aoe: (ii) The fourth player is standing at the point
vertices of a rhombus PORS are
Thethree R(-2, 1). D(-5, 4). Is he/she standing on the circle?
A2-3). g6, 5) and both Show your steps and give valid reasons. (An)
point where
aFind the coordinates of theintersect.
the diagonals PR and QS Case-Based Questions (4 M)
AFind the coordinates of the fourth vertex S. 29. Case Based-I: Tharunya was thrilled to know that
reasons.
Sow your steps and give valid (An)
the football tournament is fixed with a monthly
timeframe from 20th July to 20th August 2023
long Answer Type Questions (5 M) and for the first time in the FIFA Women's World
Arctungular garden is designed in a park. The Cup's history, two nations host in 10 venues. Her
iugonals of the garden intersect at point E(5,3 ). father felt that the game can be better understood
One diagonal runs through the points A(2,1) and if the position of players is represented as points
Bry). on a coordinate plane. (An)

rinate Geometry 223

 Based on the
fol()lowiTheng cityquestiabove
ons:
the line wants to n
and the segment
HR 2:3. jotning
Residential
the W
feler
fire hydrantn What are he
() Acireular ce
so that it WiFi 2one
and the just
Park reaches the C
Brcedon the above
information,
following questions:
answer the

midfieldersand forward
placed at the
Enmitradwhatnpoie .nt If the
these two points,
the
instance, the WiFi signal?
distance (Use
(9 Atan parallelogram. Findthepositionof (iii) The
formeda
the central midfielder
(D) if the position of
formed the parallelogram
and the
Residbetw
ent ieen
a l t thIe4'%Wate
other players who
are: A(1.2),B4,3)
and C6,6)
G(-3.5), Sweeper
Find the value of d.
OR
Block (lRy
keeper
() Check ifthe Goal K(0.3) fall on a same If a point 0
H3.1) and Wing-back
straight line externally in thediviratdesio the
Rthan to Cis true?
OR
Check ifthe Full-backJ5,-3) and centre-back 31. Case Based-III:
forward C0.)and
46) are equidistant from Raycasting i
in the creation of
ifCis the mid-point of J. idea of raycasting isComput
as er games
A(1,4), Attacking 2D square grid. Using folows.
) If Defensive midfielder on
midficlder B(2,-3) and Striker E(a, b) lie
equidistant object,this 2D map rays can be generae
the same straight line and B isofE.
from AandE, find the position
perspective. One of the
out aray fromthe player'met
s
hods i transtomet
30. Case Based-Il: Acity planning
committee is
designing a new residential area. They're
using
how far he/ she is from a wall
distance between the player's cooni
location. Toe
a coordinate system where cach unit represents coordinate of the walllis
100 meters. Key locations are: is nearthe obstacle, it looks calculated
Shown image is a game, Wolf 3D,
larger andv
created using raycasting.

LEVEL SCÖRE LIVES NEALTN ANO

Water Tower (/): (2,5)

Community Center (C): (3.) Riju wants to create an online snooker guc
Park Entrance (P): (4,-2) raycasting. The game in the creation stge
Residential Block (R): (3) (An) coordinate map is shown below:.
Mathematis
224
 (ii) Rijuwants to place a yellow ball at the midpoint
of the line connecting the white and green balls.
6
Find the coordinates of the point at which he
4 P. P, shouldplace the yellow ball. Show your steps.
21 R G (ii) Riju is running a trial on his game. He struck the
1t white ball in such a way that it rebound off the
-54-2-1 0/ | 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
10 rail (line connecting P, and P.) and went into the
pocket P,
-34 After the rebound, the ball crossed the x-axis
P, at point X on the way to the pocket.
-51

The ratio of the distance between the rail and

point Xand the distance between pointXand
esaooker table has six pockets (P,. P,, P,, Py
. and P,) and he has shown three balls-white the pocket was 3 :4.
red (R)and green (G) on the table. The Findthe coordinates of the point at which the ball
I,INe of the game is to use the white ball to struck the rail. Show your steps.
wtie colouredballs into the pockets using a cue OR
(Cr) halfway
answer the Riju wants to place a blue ball exactly
bed on the given information,
gi between the yellow ball at point (-1, 2) and the
dON Ing questions:
green ball at point (5, -4)
much distance will a ray travel if sent from should
Find the coordinates of the point where he
Ueen ball to the nearest pocket? Show your
place the blue ball. Show your steps.
 8 Introduction lo Trigonometry
Nultile Chelee Quextlens (1N)

iangle hy wsig aMxing tan and ind the

Nlwin Nemen the dixtanwe lom the
Nse of the tase o the ontwheve the tnpe
ws he INi 12 wtes, the heisht ofthe
tane ix etes, and the hyyotense Rommed
ythe taeix 15 MNeers They are axkt to nd
the vales ot tand, cnn, and soo where 0 iN
the angle of elevaion on the ground o the top
of the tlag1l
Which of the above
() lonly
() 12, and 3
\dent ies iware
4. llcot0 +tan
0=ands
What are the values ot tanl, cosc?, and seco? (a) 0
(Un) (c) tan 0 (h)|
() tand 4
s 5. During ahiking trip, a
the slope ofa hill toe sudent
determinof thethe dificot
til. Ifthe vertical height
(6) tand and the honzontal hillkh
what is the sine ofdistance
the angle of theshidhl
coveredi
() tanecoseco

() tane
4

2. During a class activity, students derived the

identity sinA+cosA l If sind =0.6, what
is the value of cos ? (Re)
() 0.2 (6) 0.4 4
3
() 05 () 0.8 (a) (0)
4
3. During a science fair, students need to prove 3 4
certain trigonometrie identities for their project. (c)
They are given the following identities:
 a shool,stlidents are playing
moasuring and caleutating
To
plagroudThe
playground is themfurthwierth analayze etheir data, thetfeacher challenges
lgeeasureyPORS,
sqare where each
17 em. As part of trigneedonometto evalrie uexpression
The students
ate
involving
yare
sudets must ind the value of Given that Stanß 4, what is the value of the
ihe
expression Ssinß
Ssinß-+2eosß
2eos! (Ev)

(d) 6
9. Pand 0are acute angles
15 cm Which of thefollowing issuch that P
(o) sin P< sin )
DEFINITELY Irue?(An)
17em (e) cos P> cos (b) tan P> tan 0
0 (d) cos P> sin 0
liguresarenot to
scale. ) 10. During a
Te
students ageometry class, the teacher
challenging task. They are provided
gives the
with a triangleAABC where the
ratio 1 : 1:2, with the largest angles are in the
The students are asked to find angle being L0.
the value of the
following expression:
secA tanA
cosecB cotB
found|with the given information What is the value of the
an be
aclasactivity, students measuredthe sides
expression? (Re)
anghangleItriangle and found them to be 3
(a) 1
and 5cm. They need to determine the (c) 0 ()
2
the
theangle opposite side measuring 4
value?
Which of the following represents this
(Ap) Assertion Reason Type Questions (1M)
Direction: In the following questions, Astatement of
Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R).
Mark the correct choice as.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true,.
and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true,
but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
3 Assertion (A).
(b) (c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
4 (d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
(d)
11. During atrigonometry lesson, the teacher presents
gaphysics class experiment, students are the following:
igating the properties of inclined planes. Assertion (A): The value of sin 0 is 0.
group sets up an inclined plane and measures Reason (R): The sine function represents the
Camgle of clevation Bof the plane. After some ratio of the opposite side to the hypotenuse in a
Wkilations, they find that 5tanß = 4. right-angled triangle. (Un)

uction to Trigonometry 235

 During a trigonometry lab session, students are 14. Two friends, Alex
12.
working on an experiment
involving angles and the properties of And Jamie,
following
trigonometric ratios. They are given the
conditions: sing = and cosß =7
After
each choose acute
Alex claims that
must be true that igonormeti,
since P

ddoore(fiannite>tlyaniru0e,.)
making their calculations, the students
conclude Alex's claim iss
the following: explanation.
15. A90 cm widee
at a
maximum angleopeNsof 90on
space, a40cm by 80 cm
door along the wall
such thati
walls
Door
Room

Assertion (A): The sum of the angles a+Bis 90°.

Reason (R): The angle a corresponding to Note: The figure is not to
At what distance from scale
)
sina. is 30° and the angle ß corresponding
be kept such that the the hinge shold
to cosß = is 60°. (An) angle of 60°. Show yourdoor opens for t
work.
16. During a math lesson,
Mr.
expression given below on the Kumar
Very Short Answer Type Questions (2 M) the students to simplify it. boar and
13. In a high-tech greenhouse, the growth rate of cosA 1- sinA
plants is optimized by adjusting the angles of 1- sind cOSA
the artificial lights. The greenhouse manager Salma solved it in her notebook as folos
uses trigonometric functíons to model the angles
COSA 1-sinA
at which the lights should be set, To ensure the
lights are correctly positioned, the manager uses
|-sinA cosA

the following trigonometric identity: cos'A +(1-sind)

sin-cos0 sin0+ cos0 (1-sind)x cos4
sin+ cos sinh-cos0 2sin 0-1 cosA+ cosA
Prove that this identity holds true, which is (1-sin4)xcos4
essential for the accurate adjustment of the 2cosA
greenhouse lighting system. (Cr) (1-sind)xcosA
2cosA
...(step 4)
1- sind
Examine if Salma has made any erors
rectify them to find the correct answer.
sile
17. You are working on a construction aligning
precise angles are crucial for
project, you u
and supports. During thebasedonthefllo
determine specific angles
+B)=Oandsin[4-
measurements::cos(A

Mathematilcs
236
 acute angles, yoo
Vahes Aand / Io proper oo'4-sin'A
dIheesmI
need to
Based on the given condition, they
to ensure the
check the validity of the expression
(Evy
RCCuracy of their caleulations.
given
21. During a class, the students are
a 3D modelgeometry
of a ccuboid.The cuboid
represents a
units,
hox witha length of / units, a breadth of b the
and a height of h units The teacher asks
students to perform the following tasks
competition, you need to
lying kitestring to ensure it fies
angleA between thekite
The
windis
round Suchthat: sin 0- cos0 0.
condithon, determine the value of
thie
(Re)

() Express cos0 in terms of L.b. and h, where

0 is the angle between the diagonal CD and
the lengthl.
() If the figure was a cube, determine the value
of cos0. (Cr)
22, Aanya and her father went to meet her friend Juhi
for a party. When they arrived at Juhi's place,
AnswerTypeQuestions (3 M) Aanya was fascinated by the roof of the house,
slort the
students are which had a triangular shape (Consider D is the
mathclub meeting,
Drnga various trigonometric midpoint of AC). She started to think about the
proving
wokingon geometry of the roofand imagined the dimensions
denties.The
teacher presents achallenge to the
and angles involved.
you're designing a new
software for
nagine trigonometric identities and need to
alulating ofthe following identity to
the accuracy of
correctness the calculations. Your
the bclow. "
given D
sto provethe identity 2m
2secA
lesind cOsA
Tlelcacher asks the students to work together in
gps to prove this identity using their knowledge Using the information she visualized, can you
digonometric formulas and identities. (An) help Aanya determine the measure of angle A at
Dring an engineering project, a team of students the peak of the triangular roof? (Re)
working on calculating the forces acting on 23. An engineer is working on a project involving the
ibndge. They are analyzing a right-angled design of angular supports for a bridge. The angle
tangular component of the bridge where the of support 0 is critical, and the engineer uses the
pn condition is 3cot4 -4. The students need equation V2cot*0- 4cot® +V2 =0 to detemine
bentfy whether the following trigonometric
kntily holds true for their calculations: the correct measurements.

ction to Trigonometry 237

 26. While trekking
engineerneedstofind
Tocompletethedesign,the and your friendsthrough a
angle with respectmeasure tb
8+cot'9.
thevalueoftn tan0+oot9 given the sin =
C

Can you calculate (Un) shere d>9.

trigonometricequation?
Find the values sof
cos 9a

Ifoosec-sin aandsec-cos9=b, provethat

24. (Un) 27. During a renovation pro
d++3) =1. needs to validate the
in atriangular sectionangles
f
Long Answer Type Questions (5 M) of a
triangular garden
25. In a local park, there is aevent. The park's
the peak is set at 30.
following trigonometricThe
buienlgidmgne r The
identitiest
designed for an outdoor conditions for
() cos 34A =4cos A-3 cos 4
management has specified certain (i) sin 3A =3 sin A-4 sin?4
sunlight
the angies of the garden to maximize Verify these identities with.
Cxposure. The conditions are
" The angle ofthe garden opposite to the
longest
1
structural integrity of the A=30tbeams0 y
support
side LA is such that sin( Z4t 8-LC)=7 28. An engineer is calibrating aa new optic
for precision
" The angle between the other two sides
measurements. The system
two adjustable components where the a
of the garden (LB and ZC) satisfies to be set correctly to ensure accurate per
1 The following conditions are providet
cos(ZB+ 2C-L1)=5
" The tangent of the angle A+ Bis
The park's designers need to determine the
Cxact measures of angles A, B and C to meet the "The tangent of the angle A-Bis,
specified conditions and optimize the garden
layout. constraints that 0< A+ B<90 and 4>i
Using the given trigonometric conditions, find the
measures of angles A, Band Cof the triangular (i) Determine the angles Aand Bthat sa
garden. (Re) these conditions for the opticalss
calibration.
(ii) Calculate the following expressi
complete the calibration process:
tan A-sin(A+ B) +cos A- tan(4-8)
Case-Based Questions (4 N)
13t centu
29. Case Based-I: Built in the const
magnificent Qutub Minar in Delhi,
sandstone. is the tallst
With red and buff architectural man
in India. It stands as an
this
Ancient India. The foundation of
Mathematicsy
238
 Qutub-ud-Din Aibak of the
by l199 intended for the
A.D.
in calls for prayer. The first
give
)toAibak.and three more stories
dby successor and son-in-law,
his
ded
blltutmish
y
(A.D. 121136),
e Dleulatione
n
let us considerthe height
Minaras
72 meters (though the
eo f
725 meters)and the distance of
h e h i s 65
(as meters. This adjustment
from computations while studying
shmpler
TheQutub Minar emains a Based on the given information, answer the
s
hY
lgem.
historicalandicultural heritage following
()
questions:
lothe
rich the engineering
showcasing brilliance of Find the distance PA.
(Ev) (in Find the distance PB.
( ) Find the width AB of the river.
OR
Find the height BO if the angle of the elevation
from pto be 30°,
31, Case Based-1l: Acoach is training
athletes and
incorporating trigonometry into their practice
routines, If the position of three players are at
A, B, and Crespectively, they form an isosceles
right-angle triangle at A.

the given information, answer the

onquestions:
lowng
R
valueofcos
aFindthe
ithe value of sin'P
Find
+ cos²p
P.
Find the value of cosec P- cot
OR
tan P.
sdthe value of secP-
Based-II: Lakshaman Thula is located 5
Case Given that AB = 6/2 m, AC= 6v2 m, and
lometers north-cast of the city of Rishikesh BC= 12m.
he Indian state of Uttarakhand. The bridge
sOmCts the villages of Tapovan to Jonk. Tapovan Based on the given information, answer the
Tehri Garhwal district, on the west bank of following questions: (Ev)
benier, while Jonk is in Pauri Garhwal district, (i) IfD is the midpoint of BC, then find the value
sie east bank. Lakshman Jhula is a pedestrian of AD.
rige also used by motorbikes. It is a landmark (ii) Find the measure of ZB and ZC (using
Rishikesh. Agroup of Class X students visited
Rihikesh in Utarakhand on a trip. They observed trigonometric ratios).
hm apoint (P) on a river bridge that the angles (ii)) Find the value of sin B+ cos Cand (tanC
ddepression of opposite banks of the river are + tan' B)
Wand 30° respectively. The height of the bridge OR
sabout 18
meters from the river. (Un) Determine the perimeter and area of AABC.

Auction to Trigonometry 239

 Some Applications of
Trigonometry

ChoiceQuestions (1
M) 5. Two persons are watching a game in a stadium.
Mtiple
ofelevationof the top of a tower from The distance between them is I5 m.
w eground j s30°. The tower iss50 mhigh.
the
on point Afrom the foot Player
how far is 5m 13m

as1.73) (Ev)
(b) 50 m What is the distance of the second person from
2X90m

830m
(d) 100 m the player? (An)
pastediat a height of 2 mfrom (a) 10 m (b) 12 m
w atag
veticlewith zone. The Scanner
stopsinthe scanner (c) 13.5 m () 14.5 m
ground
at an angle of 450
thedata
distance between the tag and the 6. Apole, whose height is hunits, is standing straight
Whattisthe up on the ground. The top of the pole subtends an
Saner?
(Un)
(b) 4 m angle ßwith aspecific point on the ground.
(d) 4v2 m Which of these gives the distance from the bottom
of the pole to the point on the ground? (Un)
The length
Alie is tied to a point on the ground. h
fthe string between the kite and the point on the (a) h xcosß (b)
und is 80 m.The string makes an angle with tanß
teground such that = 60° (c) hx tanß (d) hxcotß
What is the height of the kite above the ground? 7. At a particular time of the day, Shreya noticed
(Ev) that the length of her shadow was equal to her
20V3 m (b) 40 m height. Which ofthese is the measure of the angle
of elevation of the sun from her head? (Un)
(d) 80/3 m
AlOmtallpole casts a shadow of 15 m when the (a) 30° (b) 45°
snis at a certain inclination. At the same time, a (c) 60° (d) 90°
teatby building casts a shadow of 25 m.
How tall is the 8. Seaweed is found under an 80 m deep seafloor.
la) 16.67 n building? To reach it a diver makes a 4S° dive from a boat.
b) 20 m What is the distance travelled by the diver to reach
(o) 15 m the seafloor? (Ap)
0) Cannot be (a) 80 m (b) 80.2 m
determined with the given
information. (c) 80/2 m (d) 80V3 m
 9, Awheelchair ranmp needs to be built from the
ground to a door that is 2mabove the ground.
Reason (R): Trigonomnetry
unknown heights and
Ifthe angle ofinclination for the ramp is 30", what applications byrelating
should be the length of the ramp? (Ap) through trigonometric ralios.
(a) 2V3 m (b) 2m Very Short
13. Two poles of Answer Type
(c)
4
() 4 m

10. A9 mhigh street-light pole is broken during a

subtend angles hei60°ght h,
midpoint of theli ne and 30 Omjueeltrbenss ant
from the point on tthejoining their
h
stom. The top end of the pole touches the ground
at 30°. At what height did the pole break? (E) by x metres as ground
shown in the
(a) 3 m
(c) 4.5 m
() 3.75 m
() 9 m
Spure bel
Assertion Reason Type Questions (1 M) h, metres
Direction: In the following questions, a statement of
Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason
(R). Mark the correct choice as:
B
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
and Reason (R) is the correct
are true
explanation of
X metres 60°/30 Xmetres
Assertion (A). Find the ratio h, :h,, Show
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are
true but 14. Shown below is a your work.
Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
rectangular tub of
depth 34 cm. An object Ois at
tub. The image of the object is the botom
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is
false. observer at Q.
formed at |k.
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is
true. (Note: The figure is not to scale.)
11. During the late afternoon, aperson Find the distance by which the object sem
a tall tower notices that the
standing beside
shadow of the tower be moved for the observer. Show
your wota
is extending further along the ground as the Sun give valid reasons.
begins to set.
(Note: Take 2 =14, V3 -1.7)
Assertion (A): Ifthe angle of elevation of the Sun
decreases, the shadow of a vertical tower becomes
longer. A
N
Reason (R): This is because the slope of the line Wate

of sight decreases as the angle of elevation of the

Sun decreases.
(Un)
12. A tower stands vertically on the ground, From 34 m
apoint on the ground, which is 15 meters away
from the foot of the tower, the angle of elevation
of the top of the tower is found to be 60 degrees.
B0
Assertion (A): The height of the tower is 15/
meters.

Mathematics
248
 nonitoring camera is
ukes pictures
intervals.
stiows the position of the
below fron
movigeway
sit afier paying
nstaces The opeed of
the car is

(Note: The figure is not to scale.)

If AB 12/3 m, what is the angle of elevation
of the top of the tree from her eyes? (Ev)

17. Akash is ascending a vertical ladder, he is first

observed from point P at an elevation angle of
45, Upon climbing further, his elevation from
the sane point íncreases to 60.
of.the
1f point Pis 120m away from the base
ladder, what is the vertical dístance climbed by
Show
the man during thís change in clevation?
your steps with a diagram.
(Note: Take 3 as 1.73.) (Ap)
same level
18. A man ofheight 2 m is standing on the
of
as the base of a tower and is looking at the top
eyes to
the tower. The angle of elevation from his
thetop of the tower is 60.
given
(i) Drawa rough diagram to represent the
situation
the man is
(i) Find the height of the tower if
standing 30/3 m away fromn the tower.
(Un)

Short Answer Type Questions (3 M)

top of the tower
19, The angle of elevation of the
60°,On moving 10
ajemade vy thetocarnera to the car in instance from a pointon the ground is
angle of elevation of
60 in instance 4, What is m away from the point, the
becomes 30°, (An)
novedI by the car? 3=1.73) (C) thetop of the tower
rough figure
Find the height of the tower. Draw a
below, the heighttof the girl is 1.5 m
of the tree is 13.5 m. and show your work.
249
hylvaions of Trigonometry
 Fd e ped ofhe id
Dwaondarnm

1 Ahip wa moviu towade he hoe at Lang Answer tyes

nifom peed of 36 /h aly eahip
WA 13kmn aWAy rom he Fut of a
hwetl
lone

Find the anleof depeion ko he tp of

lihahane hom he hip afer he ahie hat beenhe
Heving mt
Shew ye tepe and alve reon

11, The sdow ofatome when te

amle of elevaim
when he anyle of elevation 6
) Fid he height of te owe
) Fndhe lengh of the adow of
when the ande of elevaion of ihedhe tding
a Wa

Hle ofelevaten of 0 mthe se

in he opponite direton pot bt

Malhenlt
 consists of two connected
and
From the angle offdepression of Jyoti 60
the Gagan
plattormof.3 mbetween them.
an angle of o0 relative
inedar angle of elevatiom of Kiran is 30 and
distancebetween the foot of
Wis Theofthe Side 2is 12 m. Also respectively.
() What will be the angle of elevatiom of Gngat
base
2is
ler
Omfromthe ground. The from Jyoti?
ends of the two slides is
of
wo
the () What will be the angle of fdepression of Ginga
below: from Kiran?
(on Find the diameter rof the ant wheel
Shew your steps with a dingram
3m

Plativma Case-Based Questions (4 M)

Side 2 28, Case Based-I:
HLadder2 Arun, Nikhil and Suman Visited a park thar had
many recreational activities for children inchading
12 m slhdes and kites for them to enjoy. Arun fond t
24 m
Sitde interesting and he went to try it out Nikhil
and Suman went for kite flying Ata gven imsta
toscale.)
figureis not the position of Nikhil's kite andits angle of
The
elevation from the ground is as shown assumiE
slide (4C) from the ground.
heghtofthe the strìngof kite foms a straight line ithout amy
aie your answer to the nearest integer.)
Round Shags. (4m)
covered by a person whìle
distance slide
down tromthe
Widing 1 0m 8

Zakev3 s 1.73 if
as required.) (Cr)
Ae
giantwheelshown below, Gagan is sitting 15 m
te the cabins
of
which is 12 mhigh from
one and F
Kiran
platorm.Jyoti cabins are sitting in the
Standthe
highest from the platform D Ground
ntiely.
(Note: Take v2 as l414 and v3 as 732)
Based on the given information, answer the
following question:
() Find the tangent of the angle of depresion
from the top of the slide to the ground
(i)) What is the height of Nikhils kite irom the
ground at the given instant?
(Note: Nikhil's height is to be ignored.)
(i) Nikhìl's kite got stuck on the roof of a
agan' neighbouring building Suman sawthis and
cubIn
used a ladder to climnb up the rot. The ladder
Platform
was 25 m long and was positioned 7 m away
Ground
from the base of the building. As Suman
started to climb, the ladder slipped by 4 m
Note: The figure is not to from point X'to Yas shown below.
scale.)
Agplications of Trigonometry 251
 (0) What is
the
m depression meaur
to he e of 8
is 60 degrees? loot of
(i) Caleulate thee
iwo buildings widtlh of the
are 30
degreesN iven the
and 60
Det ermi ne the
OR eofpre s,
using the given heeipht he
7m lheight of the firstanples of ther
(Note: The figure is not to scaBe)
Find the distance by which the foot of the ladder
slid along the ground. Show your work.
30, Case Based-|1:
Adrone, is an aircraft
is controlled by: without
l
building
epr
any
sih
29. Case Based-ll:
arem ot
applications include econtrol
In Bangalore, there are two buildings on either
side of a busy road connected by an overbridge.
One building is 50 meters high. Aman, standing
photography, precision
monitoring, river
David usecd an
p ol
monitoring
icing,
and
Sirvel
resolution camera advanced
on the top ofthe S0 -meter high building, observed
from the top that the angles of depression to the duringgan drone
wiil
top and foot of the other building across the road
are 30 degrees and 60 degrees, respectively. (C)
region which.
the
could fly expeditin
upto 100 mh
ground level. Davidrode
(Take v3 =lL.73) deeper intotheforest. The on an open yeg
initial postion
with respect to the open jcep on oio
riding is shown below. which
Davit

60°

D
David's jeep started moving to enter thefirs
50 m F an average speed of 10 m/s. He simulano
started flying the drone in the same direcia
that of the jeep.
Based on the given information, answer t
B C
following question:
Based on the given information, answer the () David reached near one of the tallest tr
following question: in the forest, He stopped the drone
() What is the measure of A4ZDFif the angle of t
horizontal distanceof 5/3 m fromoftÛ'
distance
depression to the top of the other building is of the tree and at avertical
30 degrees? below its maximum vertical range.
Mathematics
252
 OR
At soome point during the expedition, David kept
the
30° the drone stationary for sometime to capture
depression from
images of atiger. The angle offrom
5V3m the drone tothetiger changed 30 to 45°in
3seconds as shown below.

5V3
m 45

notto scale.)
figureis ofthe drone fromthe top
The
elevation
o ngleof
Was
find the height of the tree.
30°,
tree
the
30/3 (Note: The figure is not to scale.)
flying at a height of tiger during
drone was
speed inthe horizontal What was the average speed of the
The
ata constant that time? Show your work.
metres spotteda zebra near apond,
directionwhenit
drone (Note: Take 3 as 1.73.)
belowthe there
nght travelledfor 30 metres from 31. Case Based-IV:
kilometers north
Thedrone
couldsee the
zebra, at the same place, Lakshaman Jhula is located5 Indian state of
andit depressionof0from it east of the city of Rishikesh
in the
villages of
danangle of represent this situation Utarakhand. The bridge connects the Garhwal
in Tehri
to
Draw adiagram you work. Tapovan to Jonk. Tapovan is the river, while Jonk
find0. Show both district, on the west bank of
startingthe expeditionsame
and district, on the east bank.
aAfer2minutes of at the is in PauriGarhwal bridge also used
the drone andthe jeep stopped some Lakshman Jhula is a pedestrian of Rishikesh. A
drone can capture a landmark
moment so that the drone and the jeep by motorbikes. It isstudents visited Rishikesh in
position ofthe group of Class X
inages. The below. observed from a point
stopped is as shown Uttarakhand on a trip. They
when they
bridge that the angles ofdepression
(P) on a river river are 60° and
30°
banks of the
of opposite bridge is about 18
5V3
m respectively. The height of the (An)
river.
meters from the
information, answer the
Based on the given
following questions.
distance PA.
() Find the
distance PB.
(i) Find the river.
60°
Find the width AB of the
(ii)
OR
of the elevation
BQ if the angle
Find the height30°.
Noe: The figure is not to scale.) be
Fnd the speed ofthe dronein m/s
rounded from P to Q
average
ti upto 2
decimal I places. Show your
work.

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