PRACTICAL FILE

ON
"RESEARCH METHODOLOGY"

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the

award
of the degree of BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
To
GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA
UNIVERSITY
SUPERVISED BY: -

DR. EISHA KHAN SUBMITTED BY: ADITYA SETHI

ROLL NO: -12515501722

NEW DELHI INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT

61, TUGHLAKABAD, NEW DELHI-62
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the practical titled “Research methodology -Lab”

submitted by ADITYA SETHI to New Delhi Institute of Management,
Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University in partial fulfilment of
requirement for the award of the Bachelor of Business Administration
degree is an original piece of work carried out under my guidance and
may be submitted for evaluation.

The assistance rendered during the study has been duly acknowledged.

No part of this work has been submitted for any other degree.

Place: New Delhi Institute of

Management

Faculty Guide
Date: 11th December 2023 DR. EISHA KHAN
Assistant Professor
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Any accomplishment requires the effort of many people, and this work is not different. Regardless of the source,
I wish to express my gratitude to those who may have contributed to this work, even though they were
anonymous.

I would like to pay my sincere thanks to my Research Methodology faculty DR. EISHA KHAN under whose
guidance I was able to complete my Practical successfully. I have been fortunate enough to get all the support,
encouragement and guidance from him needed to explore, think new and initiate.

My final thanks go out to my parents, family members, teachers and friends who encouraged me countless times
to persevere through this entire process.

ADITYA SETHI
 INDEX

S. NO CONTENT PAGE NO
1 Introduction of SPSS 1
2 Objective and Hypothesis 4
3 Google Form 6
4 Excel Spreadsheet 8
5 Data Feeding in SPSS 9
a) Data view
b)Variable
6 Data Analysis 12
I) Univariate Analysis
a) Frequency
b) Histogram
II) Bivariate Analysis
a) Cross tab
b) Chi-square
c) Anova
d) T-test
 INTRODUCTION OF SPSS
SPSS, which stands for Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, is a widely used software program for statistical
analysis in social science research, as well as in various other fields. Originally developed by Stanford University
students in 1968, SPSS has since evolved and become a product of IBM. The software is designed to assist
researchers, analysts, and data scientists in managing and analyzing data to extract meaningful insights.

SPSS is popular because of its simplicity, easy-to-follow command language, and well-documented user manual.
Government entities, educational institutions, survey companies, market researchers, marketing organizations,
health researchers, data miners, and many others use it for analyzing survey data.

Features of SPSS?
The core functionalities offered in SPSS are:

 Statistical program for quantitative data analysis – It includes frequencies, cross-tabulation, and
bivariate statistics.
 Modeler program that allows for predictive modeling. It enables researchers to build and validate
predictive models using advanced statistical procedures.
 Text analysis helps you derive insights from qualitative inputs through open-ended questionnaires.
 Visualization Designer allows researchers to use their data for a variety of visual representations.

Apart from the above four functionalities, SPSS also provides data management solutions. Its data management
solutions like FHIR enable researchers to perform case selection, create derived data, and perform file reshaping.

SPSS by Industry: Use Cases

SPSS statistics is one of the most commonly used statistical analysis tools in the business world. Thanks to its
powerful features and robustness, its users can manage and analyze data and represent them in visually attractive
graphical forms. It supports a graphical user interface and command-line, thereby making the software more
intuitive.

SPSS makes the processing of complex data pretty simple. It is not easy to work with such data, and it is also a
time-consuming process.

Let us see four of the major industries where SPSS is primarily used.

1. Market Research
Businesses want actionable insights using which they can make tough and effective business decisions. There are
tonnes of data generated by businesses, and scanning them manually is not the right way to analyze them.

 For market researchers who are looking for a reliable solution that will help them understand their data,
analyze trends, forecast, plan, and arrive at conclusions, SPSS is the best tool out there.
 By using sophisticated statistical analyses, SPSS helps market researchers get actionable insights from
your customer data. Thanks to its powerful survey data analysis technology, it is possible to get accurate
information about market trends.
 Perceptual mapping, preference scaling, predictive analysis, statistical learning, and a bunch of other
advanced tools such as stratified, clustered, and multistage sampling help with the decision-making
process.
 2. Education
Educational institutions have to bear the pressure of enrolling students and retaining them each year. Not to mention
the fact that they need to attract new students every year. This is where SPSS comes in.

 More than 80% of all US colleges are currently using SPSS software.
 SPSS software’s ability to focus on patterns lets them identify the chances of a student’s future success.
It uses a combination of factors that tells them about students who are at risk.
 The institution’s faculty can use SPSS software to analyze a plethora of complex data sets to uncover
hidden patterns.

3. Healthcare
We need to solve a lot of issues to provide great healthcare. In healthcare institutions, outdated practices in patient
delivery and misaligned incentives for caregivers are some of the biggest issues. This is where analytics can be a
life-saver, literally at that. Applying SPSS’ statistical analysis for healthcare delivery has a number of use cases.

 When it comes to the healthcare sector, the data of patients is sacrosanct. Not only can wrong data result
in terrible outcomes, but they are also timely, sensitive, and instant.
 With the help of SPSS, healthcare organizations can implement a patient delivery program using data. It
will not only drive better patient outcomes but also reduce the costs involved.
 For data sets that have complex relationships, univariate and multivariate modeling techniques can be
used.

4. Retail
The retail industry relies heavily on analytics for everything from initial stock planning to forecasting future trends.
Customers have a lot of leverage when it comes to retail products, thanks to the advent of social media, forums, and
review sites.

Customers are taking their decisions based on the brand’s reviews online. So it is imperative that retail businesses
give the best that can be offered. Thankfully, statistical analysis is a savior for the retail industry.

 Retail businesses generate a lot of data and it needs to be collected, analyzed, and converted into
actionable insights. By using the data effectively with SPSS software, businesses will end up providing
excellent experiences for their customers.
 SPSS analysis lets retailers understand their customers, provide them with the right solutions and
deliver them using the perfect channels.
 From understanding how different segments of customers behave to why they make certain buying
decisions, everything can be found with the help of SPSS analysis.
 Using the previous spending and behavior patterns, SPSS statistics will profile customers. By
leveraging this data, it will come up with customer preferences and give them an analysis of what
makes customers turn from casual browsers into shoppers.

Advantages of Using SPSS

The statistical analysis tool makes it possible to import and export data files from other programs. Some of its data
handling procedures are excellent, as its ability to merge files, no matter whether it is the same subjects and
different variables or different subjects and the same variables, is excellent.

In SPSS, users are not forced to work with syntax, even though syntax files can be saved and modified as needed.
When there are saved syntax files, it helps immensely with documentation and also gives an idea of how the new
variables were calculated and how values that were missing were handled.
  It offers reliable and fast answers
 It’s dynamic and has useful tables and graphs
 Since it offers a wide variety of languages, a lot of people can access
 Effective data management
 Doesn’t require a lot of effort to start using the software
 Useful for both quantitative and qualitative data
 The chances of errors are little with SPSS
 One of the easiest statistical tools to analyze data
 SPSS users can select the graph type which matches their data distribution requirement

Limitations of Using SPSS

One of the biggest disadvantages of using SPSS is that you cannot use it to analyze a big data set. There are certain
fields where there is a huge trove of data present. In such industries, using SPSS might not be the best option out
there.

If researchers collect data using faulty or biased methods, then the resulting statistical analysis will not give the
right answers. If the gap between the sample and the actual population is negligent, then there is no issue. But if the
difference is big, then it will produce misleading data.

When researchers do not measure the exact thing that they want to measure, then the SPSS analysis will not fail.

One more issue with using a statistical analysis tool such as SPSS is that it ends up giving you simple answers for
complex issues.

Key aspects of SPSS:

1) Data Management: SPSS allows users to input, organize, and manage data efficiently. It supports various
data types, including numerical, categorical, and text data.
2) Data Analysis: One of the primary functions of SPSS is statistical analysis. It offers a wide range of
statistical procedures, including descriptive statistics, inferential statistics (e.g., t-tests, ANOVA, regression
analysis), and non-parametric tests.
3) Data Visualization: SPSS provides tools for creating graphical representations of data, such as charts and
graphs. This can help researchers and analysts to better understand the patterns and trends within their
datasets.
4) Syntax Language: SPSS uses a command-driven syntax language, allowing users to perform tasks through
written commands. This feature is particularly useful for automating repetitive tasks and for reproducibility
of analyses.
5) Output and Reporting: The software generates output tables and reports summarizing the results of
statistical analyses. This output can be exported for use in academic papers, presentations, or other reports.
6) Integration with other Software: SPSS is often used in conjunction with other software tools for
comprehensive data analysis. It supports integration with data visualization tools, databases, and other
statistical software.
7) Survey Research: SPSS is frequently employed in survey research and questionnaire analysis. It assists in
managing survey data, conducting factor analysis, and exploring relationships between variables.
8) User-friendly Interface: SPSS features a user-friendly graphical interface, making it accessible to
individuals with varying levels of statistical expertise. Users can perform analyses using the interface or
through command syntax.
9) Continuous Updates: As a product of IBM, SPSS undergoes regular updates to improve functionality,
address bugs, and stay current with advances in statistical methods.
 OBJECTIVES AND HYPOTHESIS

Step I: Firstly, you are required to give a relevant & suitable topic to your research
that determines its purpose.

Step II: Point out some specific objectives of your research.

Step III: Create a hypothesis either H0 (Null) OR H1 (Alternate) based upon the
Objectives & selective choice of your assumption.
 GOOGLE FORM

Step I: First, log into Gmail and click on Google form

Step II: Customize the form accordingly, as per your research purpose
Step III: Create link and share the form to respective Participant.

 Final Output -URL link of research

form
(https://forms.gle/kR33jBTVpQtu1gpR6)
 EXCEL SPREADSHEET

Step I: Open Google form and click on the green Excel Icon

Step II: After transferring the Respective responses/Data, use the IF condition to
Manipulate it in terms of Numbers.
(Only relevant variables should be considered while Data manipulation) *

Step III: Save the file into the system in Excel format. This file will be used in
SPSS for analysis later.
 DATA FEEDING IN SPSS

Step I: Open SPSS and go to the file explorer, select the saved EXCEL file
which consists manipulated research responses of Google form.
A) DATA VIEW
Step II: Once after transferring the data, the data will be classified into two types-
Data view & Variable view by the SPSS.
B) VARIABLE VIEW
 DATA ANALYSIS

1) UNIVARIATE ANALYSIS
A)FREQUENCY

Step I: Go to Analyze option at the top of Interface and select Descriptive statistics, then click on
Frequencies option.
Step II: Afterwards a new pop-up will get open, Drop down all the variables of left side to Variable
column at right side.

B) HISTOGRAM
Step III: For special formatting, select STATISTICS option (1), and apply required outputs i.e., Mean,
Median, Mode, std. deviation and soon.
Then got to the CHARTS section (2) underneath STATISTICS option, and select the suitable chart type as
per research.

(1)
 (2)

Frequencies & Histograms (Output)–

(1)

GENDER

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Male 15 31.3 65.2 65.2

Valid Female 8 16.7 34.8 100.0

Total 23 47.9 100.0

Missing System 25 52.1
Total 48 100.0
INTERPRETATION

[Above table & Histogram, representing the Gender frequency of this research.
Hence, the highest participants are Male having 65.2% participation rate, afterwards
Female with 34.8% participation rate.]

(Mean=1.35, Std. deviation=.487, and N=23 respectively)

(2)

AGE GROUP

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

10-20 16 33.3 69.6 69.6

20-30 2 4.2 8.7 78.3

Valid 30-40 4 8.3 17.4 95.7

above 40 1 2.1 4.3 100.0

Total 23 47.9 100.0

Missing System 25 52.1
Total 48 100.0
INTERPRETATION

[Above table & Histogram, representing the Age frequency of this research.]
The highest participants with 69.6% participation belong to (10-20) age group,
afterwards 8.7% of the participants belong to (20-30) age group, while 17.4% of
the participants belong to (30-40) age group, and the remaining 4.3% of the people
belong to (40 & above) age group.
(Mean=1.57, Std. deviation=.945, and N=23 respectively)

(3)

DO YOU KNOW ABOUT NEW BALANCE OR ASICS?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

yes 12 25.0 52.2 52.2

no 5 10.4 21.7 73.9

Valid
maybe 6 12.5 26.1 100.0

Total 23 47.9 100.0

Missing System 25 52.1
Total 48 100.0
INTERPRETATION
[Above table & Histogram, representing the frequency that shows “Do you know about
New Balance or Asics”.]
52.2% participants have chosen YES, afterwards 21.7% participants have chosen NO,
and the remaining 26.1% participants have chosen MAYBE]
(Mean=1.74, Std. deviation=.864, and N=23 respectively.

4)
WOULD YOU LIKE TO BUY ANYTHING FROM ONE OF THE BRANDS?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

yes 12 25.0 52.2 52.2

no 5 10.4 21.7 73.9

Valid
maybe 6 12.5 26.1 100.0

Total 23 47.9 100.0

Missing System 25 52.1
Total 48 100.0
INTERPRETATION

[Above table & Histogram, representing the frequency that shows “Would you like
to buy anything from one of the brands?”.]
52.2% of participants have chosen YES, 21. of 7% of participants have chosen
NO, and the remaining 26.1% of participants have chosen MAYBE].
(Mean= 1.74, Std. deviation= .864, and N= 23 respectively)

(5)
HAVE YOU EVER BOUGHT ANY SHOES FROM ONE OF THE BRANDS?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

yes 12 25.0 72.2 52.2

no 5 10.4 27.8 73.9

Valid
6 100.0

Total 23 47.9 100.0

Missing System 25 52.1
Total 48 100.0
INTERPRETATION

[Above table & Histogram, representing the frequency that shows “Have you ever
bought any shoes from one of these brands?”.]

72.2% participants have chosen YES, afterwards 27.8% participants have chosen
NO as per the table]

(Mean= 1.74, Std. deviation= .864, and N=23 respectively)

(6)

ARE BOTH THE SHOES APPEALING IN LOOKS?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

yes 27 76.3 78.7 58.7

no 8 23.7 21.3 76.1

Valid 10 97.8

1 100.0

Total 46 95.8 100.0

Missing System 2 4.2
Total 48 100.0
INTERPRETATION

[Above table & Histogram, representing the frequency that shows “Are both the
shoes appealing in looks?”.]
58.7% participants have chosen YES, afterwards 21.3% participants have chosen
NO as per the table]

(Mean=1.67, Std. deviation= .896, and N=23 respectively.

(7)

RATE YOUR OVERALL REVIEW FOR NEW BALANCE

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

excellent 18 37.5 39.1 39.1

very bad 11 22.9 23.9 63.0

3 12 25.0 26.1 89.1
Valid
4 3 6.3 6.5 95.7

5 2 4.2 4.4 100.0

Total 46 95.8 100.0

Missing System 2 4.2
Total 48 100.0
INTERPRETATION

[ Above table & Histogram, representing the frequency that shows “customer’s
overall review for New Balance”.]
39.1% participants have given excellent review for New Balance, afterwards
23.9% unsatisfied participants have given very bad rating for New Balance, while
26.1% participants have given 3-star rating, and the remaining 6.5% & 4.4%
participants have given 4 and 5 star rating respectively, as per the table].
(Mean=2.13, Std. deviation=1.147, and N=23 respectively)

(8)

RATE YOUR OVERALL REVIEW FOR ASICS

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

excellent 17 35.4 37.0 37.0

very bad 9 18.8 19.6 56.5

3 14 29.2 30.4 87.0

Valid
4 3 6.3 6.5 93.5

5 3 6.3 6.5 100.0

Total 46 95.8 100.0

Missing System 2 4.2
Total 48 100.0
INTERPRETATION

[Above table & Histogram, representing the frequency that shows “customer’s
overall review for Asics”]
37% participants have given excellent rating to Asics, afterwards 19.6% unsatisfied
participants have given very bad rating to Asics, while 30.4% participants have
given 3-star rating and the remaining 6.5% & 6.5% have given 4 & 5 star rating, as
per the table].

(Mean=2.26, Std. deviation=1.219, and N=23 respectively)

 2) BIVARIATE ANALYSIS

A) CROSS -TAB

Step I: Goto Analyze Option in SPSS (1), select Descriptive statistics (2) and click
on crosstabs (3).
A new pop will open, Put factor of Research in Row section & other variables
in Column section.

1
4

2 5

B) CHI-SQUARE

Step II: Onceafter doing Step, I, Click on Statistics & select chi-square (4). Then
click on the Cells button beneath Statistics, and select row & columns (5).

Step III: Press OK to proceed.

CROSS TAB AND CHI-SQUARE OUTPUT

Case Processing Summary

Case Processing Summary

Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
GENDER * DO YOU KNOW 23 47.9% 25 52.1% 48 100.0%
ABOUT NEW BALANCE OR
ASICS?

GENDER * WOULD YOU 23 47.9% 25 52.1% 48 100.0%

LIKE TO BUY ANYTHING
FROM ONE OF THE
BRANDS?

GENDER * HAVE YOU EVER 23 47.9% 25 52.1% 48 100.0%

BOUGHT ANY SHOES FROM
ONE OF THE BRANDS?

GENDER * ARE BOTH THE 23 47.9% 25 52.1% 48 100.0%

SHOES APPEALING IN
LOOKS?

AGE GROUP * DO YOU 23 47.9% 25 52.1% 48 100.0%

KNOW ABOUT NEW
BALANCE OR ASICS?

AGE GROUP * WOULD YOU 23 47.9% 25 52.1% 48 100.0%

LIKE TO BUY ANYTHING
FROM ONE OF THE
BRANDS?

AGE GROUP * HAVE YOU 23 47.9% 25 52.1% 48 100.0%

EVER BOUGHT ANY SHOES
FROM ONE OF THE
BRANDS?

AGE GROUP * ARE BOTH 23 47.9% 25 52.1% 48 100.0%

THE SHOES APPEALING IN
LOOKS?
Crosstab
Crosstab
Count

DO YOU KNOW ABOUT NEW BALANCE OR ASICS? Total

yes no maybe

Male 11 0 4 15
GENDER
Female 1 5 2 8
Total 12 5 6 23

INTERPRETATION

[In this Research, there are total 45.5% Male & 54.5% Female.

In male category- 80% participants belongs to (10-20) age group, whereas 10%
participants belongs to (21-30) age group and rest 10 % participants belongs to
(31-40) age group accordingly,
In Female category- 50% participants belongs to (10-20) age group, whereas
41.7%participants belongs to (21-30) age group and rest 8.3 % participants
belongs to (31-40) age group.]

Chi-SquareTests
Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-

sided)
a
Pearson Chi-Square 13.081 2 .001
Likelihood Ratio 15.198 2 .001
Linear-by-Linear Association 2.445 1 .118
N of Valid Cases 23

a. 5 cells (83.3%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 1.74.

INTERPRETATION

Since, Pearson chi square is .247 which is higher than 0.05 i.e., (P value = .247 >
0.05) which shows there’s no significant difference among the groups and
therefore; Null (H0) Hypothesis will be accepted
Crosstab

GENDER * WOULD YOU LIKE TO BUY ANYTHING FROM ONE OF THE

BRANDS?

Crosstab
Count

WOULD YOU LIKE TO BUY ANYTHING FROM ONE OF Total

THE BRANDS?

yes no maybe

Male 11 0 4 15
GENDER
Female 1 5 2 8
Total 12 5 6 23

Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-

sided)
a
Pearson Chi-Square 13.081 2 .001
Likelihood Ratio 15.198 2 .001
Linear-by-Linear Association 2.445 1 .118
N of Valid Cases 23

a. 5 cells (83.3%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 1.74.
GENDER * HAVE YOU EVER BOUGHT ANY SHOES FROM ONE OF THE
BRANDS?

Crosstab
Count

HAVE YOU EVER BOUGHT ANY SHOES FROM ONE OF Total

THE BRANDS?

yes no 3

Male 11 0 4 15
GENDER
Female 1 5 2 8
Total 12 5 6 23

Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-

sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 13.081a 2 .001

Likelihood Ratio 15.198 2 .001
Linear-by-Linear Association 2.445 1 .118
N of Valid Cases 23

a. 5 cells (83.3%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 1.74.

GENDER * ARE BOTH THE SHOES APPEALING IN LOOKS?

Crosstab
Count

ARE BOTH THE SHOES APPEALING IN LOOKS? Total

yes no 3

Male 10 1 4 15
GENDER
Female 1 5 2 8
Total 11 6 6 23
 Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-

sided)
a
Pearson Chi-Square 9.441 2 .009
Likelihood Ratio 9.973 2 .007
Linear-by-Linear Association 1.988 1 .159
N of Valid Cases 23

a. 5 cells (83.3%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 2.09.

AGE GROUP * DO YOU KNOW ABOUT NEW BALANCE OR ASICS?

Crosstab
Count

DO YOU KNOW ABOUT NEW BALANCE OR ASICS? Total

yes no maybe

10-20 11 1 4 16

20-30 1 0 1 2
AGE GROUP
30-40 0 4 0 4

above 40 0 0 1 1
Total 12 5 6 23

Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-

sided)
a
Pearson Chi-Square 20.724 6 .002
Likelihood Ratio 19.348 6 .004
Linear-by-Linear Association 2.782 1 .095
N of Valid Cases 23

a. 11 cells (91.7%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .22.
AGE GROUP * WOULD YOU LIKE TO BUY ANYTHING FROM ONE OF THE
BRANDS?

Crosstab
Count

WOULD YOU LIKE TO BUY ANYTHING FROM ONE OF Total

THE BRANDS?

yes no maybe

10-20 11 1 4 16

20-30 1 0 1 2
AGE GROUP
30-40 0 4 0 4

above 40 0 0 1 1
Total 12 5 6 23

Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-

sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 20.724a 6 .002

Likelihood Ratio 19.348 6 .004
Linear-by-Linear Association 2.782 1 .095
N of Valid Cases 23

a. 11 cells (91.7%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .22.

INTERPRETATION
[In this Research, there are total 18.2 % participants in 10-20 category,
45.5% Participants in 20-30 category, 18.2 % participants in 30-40
category, 13.6 % participants in more than 40 categories.
In 10-20 category-100%participantsbelongs to (10-20) age group only
In 20-30 category- 70%participants belongs to (10-20) age group, whereas
20%participants belongs to (21-30) age group and rest 10% participants
belongs to (31-40) age group
In 30-40 category- 66.7% participants belongs to (10-20) age group,
whereas rest 33.3% participants belong to (21-30) age group
In more than 40 category- 20% participants belongs to (10-20) age
 group, whereas 60% participants belong to (21-30) age group and rest
20% participants belongs to (31-40) age group respectively.

AGE GROUP * HAVE YOU EVER BOUGHT ANY SHOES FROM ONE OF THE
BRANDS?

Crosstab
Count

HAVE YOU EVER BOUGHT ANY SHOES FROM ONE OF Total

THE BRANDS?

yes no 3

10-20 11 1 4 16

20-30 1 0 1 2
AGE GROUP
30-40 0 4 0 4

above 40 0 0 1 1
Total 12 5 6 23

Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-

sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 20.724a 6 .002

Likelihood Ratio 19.348 6 .004
Linear-by-Linear Association 2.782 1 .095
N of Valid Cases 23

a. 11 cells (91.7%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .22.
AGE GROUP * ARE BOTH THE SHOES APPEALING IN LOOKS?

Crosstab
Count

ARE BOTH THE SHOES APPEALING IN LOOKS? Total

yes no 3

10-20 10 2 4 16

20-30 1 0 1 2
AGE GROUP
30-40 0 4 0 4

above 40 0 0 1 1
Total 11 6 6 23

Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-

sided)
a
Pearson Chi-Square 16.989 6 .009
Likelihood Ratio 16.896 6 .010
Linear-by-Linear Association 2.388 1 .122
N of Valid Cases 23

a. 11 cells (91.7%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .26.

C)T-TEST
Step I: Choose the “Analyze” section at the top of SPSS interface, go to
“compare means” option and select Independent Sample T-test.

Step II: Put all the scale variables or Dependent value in “Test
Variable” section, and drag the nominal factor of research in
“grouping variable” which consist of two groups only.

Step III: press OK to proceed

T-TEST OUTPUT
 Group Statistics
GENDER N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
DO YOU KNOW ABOUT Male 15 1.53 .915 .236
NEW BALANCE OR ASICS? Female 8 2.13 .641 .227
WOULD YOU LIKE TO BUY Male 15 1.53 .915 .236
ANYTHING FROM ONE OF Female 8 2.13 .641 .227
THE BRANDS?
HAVE YOU EVER BOUGHT Male 15 1.53 .915 .236
ANY SHOES FROM ONE OF Female 8 2.13 .641 .227
THE BRANDS?
ARE BOTH THE SHOES Male 15 1.60 .910 .235
APPEALING IN LOOKS? Female 8 2.13 .641 .227

Independent Samples Test

Levene's t-test for Equality of Means
Test for
Equality of
Variances
F Sig t df Sig. Mean Std. 95%
. (2- Differenc Error Confidence
tailed e Differenc Interval of the
) e Difference
Lowe Uppe
r r
DO YOU Equal 3.33 .08 - 21 .120 -.592 .365 - .168
KNOW variance 9 2 1.62 1.351
ABOUT s 0
NEW assumed
BALANCE Equal - 19.17 .086 -.592 .327 - .093
OR ASICS? variance 1.80 3 1.277
s not 7
assumed
WOULD Equal 3.33 .08 - 21 .120 -.592 .365 - .168
YOU LIKE variance 9 2 1.62 1.351
TO BUY s 0
ANYTHIN assumed
 G FROM Equal - 19.17 .086 -.592 .327 - .093
ONE OF variance 1.80 3 1.277
THE s not 7
BRANDS? assumed
HAVE Equal 3.33 .08 - 21 .120 -.592 .365 - .168
YOU EVER variance 9 2 1.62 1.351
BOUGHT s 0
ANY assumed
SHOES Equal - 19.17 .086 -.592 .327 - .093
FROM variance 1.80 3 1.277
ONE OF s not 7
THE assumed
BRANDS?
ARE BOTH Equal 4.30 .05 - 21 .163 -.525 .363 - .231
THE variance 6 0 1.44 1.281
SHOES s 4
APPEALIN assumed
G IN Equal - 19.10 .124 -.525 .326 - .158
LOOKS? variance 1.60 7 1.208
s not 8
assumed

Interpretation;

01-The Sig. (Significant) value of scale variable one is .635 which is

higher than 0.05 i.e., (Sig. = .635> 0.05) which shows there’s no
significant difference among the groups and therefore; Null (H0)
Hypothesis will be accepted.

02-The Sig. (Significant) value of second scale variable in 2nd column

is .475 which is higher than 0.05 i.e., (Sig.= .475> 0.05) which shows
there’s no significant difference among the groups and therefore; Null
(H0) Hypothesis will be accepted.

D) ANOVA TEST

Step I: Go to Analyze section in SPSS, open Compare means and select One-way
ANOVA.

Step II: Put all the scale variables or Dependent value in “Dependent
List” section, and drag the nominal factor of research in “Factor” section
on the basis of which research is to be concluded.
Step III: press OK to proceed.

ANOVA (Output)

ANOVA
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Si
DO YOU KNOW ABOUT NEW Between Groups 2.497 3 .832 1.135
BALANCE OR ASICS? Within Groups 13.938 19 .734
Total 16.435 22
WOULD YOU LIKE TO BUY Between Groups 2.497 3 .832 1.135
ANYTHING FROM ONE OF Within Groups 13.938 19 .734
 THE BRANDS? Total 16.435 22
HAVE YOU EVER BOUGHT Between Groups 2.497 3 .832 1.135
ANY SHOES FROM ONE OF Within Groups 13.938 19 .734
THE BRANDS? Total 16.435 22
ARE BOTH THE SHOES Between Groups 2.163 3 .721 .996
APPEALING IN LOOKS? Within Groups 13.750 19 .724
Total 15.913 22

Interpretation;

 One-way ANOVA was performed to compare the effect sizes of

two variables on different Age group.

 Since, Sig, (significant) value of Variable one is .827 which is

higher than 0.05 i.e., (Sig. value = .827 < 0.05) which shows
there’s no significant difference among the groups and therefore;
Null (H0) Hypothesis will be rejected.

 Since, Sig, (significant) value of Variable one is .914 which is

higher than 0.05 i.e., (Sig. value = .914 < 0.05) which shows
there’s no significant difference among the groups and therefore;
Null (H0) Hypothesis will be rejected