RESPIRATION IN ORGANISMS

Question 1.
What are the end products of aerobic respiration.
Answer:
During aerobic respiration, carbon dioxide and water are released along with a large amount of energy.

Question 2.
The cellular respiration process takes place in which cell organelle?
Answer:
Cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria of the cell.

Question 3.
Name the end products of anaerobic respiration in yeast.
Answer:
The end product formed during anaerobic respiration in yeast are

 Ethyl alcohol

 Carbon dioxide

 Energy

Question 4.
In some animals, exchange of gases takes place through its thin and moist skin. Name one such animal. [HOTS]
Answer:
Earthworm is an animal where exchange of gases during breathing or respiration takes place through its thin and
moist skin.

Question 5.
Give the name of respiratory organs in following animals.
(a) Fish
(b) Human being
Answer:
The respiratory organ of the following animals are as follows
(a) Fish – Gills
(b) Human being – lungs

Question 6.
Our nostrils has hair and mucous. What is the need to have them in our nasal cavity? [HOTS]
Answer:
Our nostrils possess hairs and mucous lining. These help in preventing dirt, dust and germs from entering our
respiratory system.

Question 7.
Sometimes we see that farmers loosen the soil. What is the reason behind it?
Answer:
The farmers sometimes loosen the soil. This helps the root to respire through the air present in the space between
soil particles.

Question 8.
Various organs constitute the respiratory system of human. These organs are located according to their functions.
Identify them.
Answer:
The various organs in the respiratory system of human are nostrils, nasal passage, nasal cavity, windpipe and lungs.

Question 9.
The vocal ability of humans is the responsibility of an organ commonly known as voice box. What is its scientific
name?
Answer:
The organ that is responsible for speech is larynx or voice box. It lies between pharynx and trachea.

Question 10.
What changes are observed in diaphragm during inhalation?
Answer:
During the process of inhalation diaphragm contracts and moves downwards.

Question 11.
When we exhale or breathe out, percentage of a certain gas is high. Name the gas.
Answer:
The gas, carbon dioxide is in higher percentage or amount, when we exhale or breathe out.

Question 12.
In the experiment, where we exhale into lime water containing glass. What changes were observed by you?
Answer:
When we exhale into lime water its colour changes, into slightly milky white because exhaled air contains CO 2.

Question 13.
Insects have a special organ present to carry out respiration. What is that organ called?
Answer:
Insects possess special organ called spiracles for respiration.

Question 14.
Name the respiratory organs in frogs.
Answer:
Frogs respire through their moist skin as well as through a pair of lungs.

Question 15.
Certain small pores are present on the surface of plant through which gaseous exchange occurs. Identify these pores?
Answer:
Stomata are the tiny pores that are present on the surface of plant through which gaseous exchange occurs.

Question 16.
What happens to your breathing rate when you
(a) exercise
(b) go to sleep
Answer:
The breathing rate during exercise is increased while during sleep it goes down.

Question 17.
Floor of chest cavity refers to which organ of respiration?
Answer:
Diaphragm is known as the floor of chest cavity.

Question 18.
Respiration is a continous process. What is the need for it to be continuous rather than being like photosynthesis?
Answer:
Process of respiration yields energy which is required to perform a variety of routine activities. Thus, it needs to be a
continuous process.
Question 19.
A part from stomata another structure is used by plants to respire. Name that structure.
Answer:
Lenticels.

Question 20.
Name the organisms which respire using anaerobic mode. Give an example of ane such organism.
Answer:
Anaerobes respire using anaerobic mode. Yeast is an organism respiring anaerobically.

Question 21.
Explain cellular respiration.
Answer:
The process of braeakdown of food in the cell with the release of energy is called cellular respiration.

Question 22.
All organisms breathe in O2 and CO2. Should be less O2and excess of CO2 in our environment. [HOTS]
Answer:
The CO2 released by us is used by plants during the process of respiration and they release O2 as a result of this
process which is used by rest of the organisms.

Question 23.
The process of fermentation is based on which principle?
Answer:
Anaerobic respiration.

Question 24.
When oxygen enters our body it combines with haemoglobin to form a new substance. What is that new product.
Answer:
Oxyhaemoglobin.

Question 25.
Is the rate of breathing same for all the respiring organism?
Answer:
No, different organisms respire at different rate because they all perform different activities at all times.

Question 26.
Which gas present in air is essential for aerobic respiration? What is the role of this gas during respiration?
Answer:
Oxygen present in air is essential for aerobic respiration.
Oxygen breaks down food and releases energy during respiration.

Question 27.
On a very cold morning, Boojho and Paheli were talking with each other as they walked down to their school. They
observed that the air coming out of their mouth looked like smoke. They were asumed and wondered how it
happened. Help them to find the answer. [HOTSl
Answer:
On a cold day, the warm and moist air exhaled by us condenses into moist when it comes in contact with the cold air
of the atmosphere, this looks like white smoke.

Respiration in Organisms Class 7 Science Extra Questions Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Pick the odd one out from each of the groups given below on the basis of respiratory organs. Give reason for your
answer.
(a) Cockroach, grasshopper, snail, ant
(b) Lizard, cow, earthworm, snake
(c) Crocodile, whale, dolphin, fish
(d) Snake, tadpole, crow, goat [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
(a) Snail, as it does not breathe by means of trachea.
(b) Earthworm, because it breathes through its skin and it does not have lungs.
(c) Fish, as most fish breathe through their gills and do not have lungs.
(d) Tadpole, as it breathes through gills and do not have lungs.

Question 2.
Insects and leaves of a plant have pores through which they exchange gases with the atmosphere. Can you write two
points of differences between these pores with respect to their position, number and extension into the body?
Answer:
Pores present on the sides of insects are called spiracles while pores present on the surface of leaves are called
stomata. These structures are responsible for the exchange of gases with the atmosphere.
Differences between these two are as follows

 Spiracles are fewer in number as compared to stomata.

 Spiracles lead to an extensive network of tracheal system which is absent in the leaves.

Question 3.
Frogs are amphibians. They survive on land and water, do they have any respiratory issue? How does frog breathe
when they are in water? Do they possess lungs? Explain the role of lungs in frogs.
Answer:
Frog breathe by their moist skin and through lungs also. So, they do not have any, respiratory issue.
When frog enters into water, the skin of frog helps in respiration.
The oxygen rich air enters through the skin. When the frog is on land, a pair of lungs helps in respiration.
The lungs take the oxygen rich air through the nostrils from where the oxygen is absorbed by the blood and carried
throughout the body. The carbon dioxide from the blood is diffused back through the skin and lungs into the
atmosphere.

Question 4.
After we work hard or perform physical activity, we feel hungry. Explain why.
Answer:
When we work hard or perform physical activity (like running, swimming, cycling), we need mdre energy. To fulfil the
energy requirement, we breathe faster. Fast breathing helps in supply of more oxygen to our cells. Due to this, rate of
breakdown of food increases and more energy is released. The rapid breakdown of food makes us to feel more
hungry.

Question 5.
Name one organism who respires anaerobically. How does this organism help in beverage and baking industry?
Answer:
Yeast is a single celled organism. During anaerobic respiration (also called fermentation), yeast produces ethanol or
alcohol as a byproduct which is used in making wine and beer. The carbon dioxide produced by yeast is used in the
bread making industry. The CO2 gas released during this process causes the bread dough to rise.

Question 6.
Smoking is considerd harmful due to certain effects. Explain in brief. [HOTS]
Answer:
Lungs are very delicate organs and essential for breathing, thus beeping us alive. Smoking tobacco in the form of
beedi, cigarette or cigar damages our lungs gradually and causes ill health. While smoking, smoke along with
chemicals present in tobacco enters our body. These chemicals present in tobacco damages the lungs in many ways
tike breathing becomes difficult causes lung cancer, heart diseases, etc. Smoking also affects people around smokers
as they also inhale air containing tobacco. This is called passive smoking .

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Refer to text on page 141.

Question 7.
Respiration can occur in two different manners. Briefly explain the process of aerobic respiration. How does it differ
from anaerobic respiration?
Answer:
Types of Respiration
On the basis of the presence or absence of oxygen, respiration is classified into two types:
1. Aerobic Respiration: When breakdown of glucose occurs with the use of oxygen, it is called aerobic respiration.
During aerobic respiration, glucose is completely broken down into carbon dioxide and water and energy is released.
Aerobic respiration takes place in mitochondria. It can be shown by the following equation:

Aerobic respiration is seen in most of the organisms such as humans (man), dogs, cats, lions, elephants, cows,
buffaloes, goats, snakes, earthworms, frogs, fishes, etc.
2. Anaerobic Respiration: When breakdown of glucose takes place without using oxygen, it is called anaerobic
respiration. The glucose is not completely broken down into carbon dioxide and water. An intermediate compound is
formed with the release of less amount of energy during this process. It can be shown as follows:

Yeasts such as Saccharomyces cereviseae and certain bacteria carry out anaerobic respiration. These organisms that
carry out respiration in the absence of oxygen are called anaerobes.

Question 8.
Breathing rate of a person is not always constant. Give the reason for your answer.
Answer:
The number of times a person breathes in a minute is termed as breathing rate. An adult human being can inhale and
exhale 15-18 times in a minute. It is the average breathing rate of an adult human being.

Breathing rate of a person is not always constant. It changes according to the oxygen requirement of the body.
Breathing rate is somewhat faster in women than in men and in children it is higher (20-30 times/min) than adults.
Breathing rate is slowest while sleeping (as less energy is required) while maximum during heavy exercise like
running, weight lifting, etc. (much energy is required). Increased breathing rate provides greater amount of air entry
into the lungs, hence blood can absorb oxygen at a faster rate. Faster breathing supplies more oxygen to the body cell
for producing more energy, required for heavy exercises.

During heavy exercise the breathing rate can increase upto 25 times per minute. Because of this, food gets broken
down at a faster rate and thus make us feel hungry.
When we feel drowsy, sleepy or tired, we yawn (i.e. open our mouth wide to take a long and deep breathe, of air),
because our breathing rate slows down and body do not receives sufficient oxygen.

Question 9.
Whenever we feel drowsy or sleepy, we start yawning. Does yawning help us in anyway? [NCERT Exemplar; HOTS]
Answer:
When we feel drowsy, sleepy or tired, we yawn (i.e. open our mouth wide to take a long and deep breathe, of air),
because our breathing rate slows down and body do not receives sufficient oxygen.

Question 10.
Respiration in fish is different from humans. Explain in brief how fishes can breathe through gills?
Answer:
Fishes are the aquatic animals that live in water. These have a special organ for breathing called gills. The oxygen
dissolved in water enters through the gills. Gills are actually the projections of skin and have blood vessels for the
exchange of respiratory gases. The fishes breathes by taking in water through its mouth and sending it over the gills.
The oxygen dissolved in the water is extracted by the gills and the extracted oxygen is absorbed by the blood.
This oxygen is then carried to all the parts of fishes for respiration. The carbon dioxide produced during respiration is
brought back by the blood into the gills and expelled into the surrounding water.

Question 11.
There are three animals named A, B and C. Among them A can stay on land as well as in water. When it stays at land
is respire through lungs but when it goes into water, it respires through its moist skin. Animal B has specific organs to
respire in the water which is not found in any other water animal. While animal C is a water animal which respires
through nostrils and lungs. Now give the name of animal A, B and C. [HOTS]
Answer:
Animal A can live on land as well as in water and can respire through lungs as well as moist skin. The animal is frog.
Animal B lives in water and respires through a specific organ called gills. These are found in the tadpoles besides
fishes. The animal B is a fish.
Animal C is also an aquatic animal which lives in sea water and respires through nostrils and lungs not by the gills.
The animal is whale.

Question 12.
When breathe is released after holding it for few minutes. What happens and give reason for its occurrence?
Answer:
Releasing breathe after holding it for sometime results in rapid breathing. It occurs to maintain a healthy balance
between intake of O2 and release of carbon dioxide.

Question 13.
Observe the given figures carefully.and answer the following questions.
(a) The amount of CO2 be the highest in which jar. Why?
(b) The amount of CO2 be the lowest in which one and why?

Answer:
(a) The amount of CO2 will be the highest in jar C. It is because the mice kept under the jar will breathe out CO2
continuously increasing its amount in the jar.
(b) The amount of CO2 will be the lowest in jar A. It is because in jar A, CO2 released during respiration is used by the
plants, i.e. during the process of photosynthesis.

Question 14.
Whales and dolphins are seen many times releasing a fountain of water sometimes at the surface of water. Why do
they do so?
Answer:
Sea animals like dolphins and whales live in water but unlike fishes, they do not possess gills for respiration. These
possess nostrils which are called blow holes. There blow holes are located on the upper parts of their heads. These
animals breathe in through their nostrils and lungs. Dolphins and whales comes to the surface of sea-water from
time to time to breathe in air, sometimes whales release a function of water that moves upwards like a spray. This is
because when a whale breathes air out of its blow hole it appears as a spray or misp, also called as spont. It can be
seen from many miles away. Blow holes are surrounded by muscles that keep the holes closed when the whales or
dolphins are under water and opens it when the animal is at the surface and needs to breathe.

Human cannot survive under water because they do not possess any gills to make use of oxygen dissolved in water
for breathing. When we go under water we have to take oxygen gas cylinders for breathing.

Question 15.
Observe the given diagram of human respiratory system. List the organs from (A) to (G).

Answer:
The human respiratory system have following organs:
A-Ribs
B-Trachea
C-Pharynx
D-Diaphragm
E-Lungs
F-Nasal passage
G-Oral cavity

Question 16.
A girl was suffering from cold and was sneezing continuously. She joined her family at dinner and suddenly started
sneezing without covering her nose, thus sending particles all over the place. On realising her mistake, said sorry and
next time covered her nose.
(a) During sneezing, what are the precautionary steps to be followed?
(b) Can infections be passed from one person to another via sneezing?
(c) Is sneezing a respiration process?
(d) What values do we pick from this situation? (Value Based Question]
Answer:
(a) When sneezing, you should cover your nose so that the particles expelled by you would not be inhaled by others.
(b) Yes.
(c) No, it is process to remove/clear the particles harmful for us resulting in clean, fresh air to enter the lungs.
(d) Cleanliness and hygiene maintenance.

Respiration in Organisms Class 7 Science Extra Questions Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
A food stall owner was preparing dough for making bhaturas. He added a pinch of yeast and sugar to the dough and
left it in a warm place. After few hours, the dough had risen. There was a sour smell too.
(a) Why did the dough rise?
(b) Why did the dough smell sour?
(c) Why was sugar added to the dough?
(d) What would have happened if the dough was kept in the refrigerator, soon after it was prepared?
Answer:
(a) The dough rises due to the release of carbon dioxide during anaerobic respiration by yeast cell.
(b) Yeast, during anaerobic respiration also produces alcohol which results in the sour smell of dough.
(c) Sugar is added into the dough, because it acts as a food for yeast. Yeast upon incomplete breakdown of sugar or
food produces CO2, alcohol and energy (in less amount).
(d) If the dough is kept in the refrigerators after it was prepared, then dough will neither raise nor become sour. Yeast
requires high temperature to grow, multiply and to respire. At low temperature, the yeast will not respire to produce
the byproducts of anaerobic respiration.

Question 2.
(a) Plants lack a specialised respiratory system. How do they carry out respiratory process? Explain.
(b) The plant roots being underground respire by using which mechanism?
Answer:
(a) The plants do not possess any respiratory system still plants respire. The various parts of the plants like leaves,
roots, etc., carry out respiration independently.
These parts take in oxygen from air in different manner and utilise it to obtain energy and give out C02. The leaves of
plants possess tiny pores on their surface which is called as stomata. The gaseous exchange during respiration takes
place through their stomata.

(b) Roots of the plants respire under the ground. Root cells get oxygen from the air present in the space between the
soil particles.
There are several root hairs present on the roots of a plant.
The oxygen from the air (between soil particle) diffuses into root hair and reaches to the cells of the roots. This
oxygen is utilised for respiration.

Question 3.
Paheli participated in a 400 m race competition held at her school and won the race. When she came home she had
mixed feelings of joy and pain as she had cramps in her leg muscles. After a massage, she was relieved of the pain.
Answer the following questions related to the situation.
(a) What can be the possible reasons for the pain in her legs?
(b) Why did she fell comfortable after a massage? [NCERT Exemplar; HOTS]
Answer:
(a) Paheli had cramps in her leg muscles after running. She felt pain in her legs because of accumulation of lactic acid
in the leg muscles. Lactic acid is formed due to anaerobic respiration in the muscle cells after heavy exercise or
running. After heavy exercise, we require large amount of energy.
To produce more energy to meet the oxygen requirement of muscles, muscle cells perform anaerobic respiration for
a short duration.
Lactic acid is formed due to partial breakup of glucose. It gets accumulated in the muscle cells and causes pain and
muscle cramps.

(b) The massage or hot water bath gives the relief from muscle cramp or pain, because it improves the circulation of
blood leading to increase supply of oxygen to the muscle cells. It helps in complete breakdown of lactic acid into
carbon dioxide and water.

Question 4.
It is not wise to sleep under a tree during night. Why?
Answer:
During day, plants photosynthesise in the presence of sunlight and uses CO2 produced during respiration. During this
process O2 is released as a byproduct and a balance between O2 and CO2 is maintained in the atmosphere.

But in the night, plants do not photosynthesise. Plants are unable to use CO2 during night and produces CO2 and
takes O2 during respiration.
This leads to the increase in the proportion of CO2 in the air.
So, if one sleeps under a tree at night, he will have problems in breathing as the amount of CO2 in the air around will
certainly be more than oxygen. Therefore, it is not advisable to sleep under trees during night because the person
will suffer from suffocation and feel excess weight on chest.

Question 5.
Observe the figures carefully and answer the following questions.
(a) Which process is being tested in the activity?
(b) What is the result of the activity? Give reasons. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
(a) Exhalation process of respiration is being tested in the activity.
(b) The lime water in test tube B turns milky but water in test tube A remains unchanged. Because CO 2 is present in
the exhaled air, it mixes with lime water in test tube B and turns it milky.

Question 6.
(a) Respiratory process occurs in two phases, what are those two major steps of respiration? Describe each one.
(b) Define the term breathing rate.
Answer:
(a) Respiration is the process of breakdown of food to produce energy for performing various functions. It involves
two major steps:

 Inhalation is the process of taking in of air which is rich in oxygen, inside our body.

 Exhalation is the process of giving out of air which is rich in carbon dioxide from our body to the external
environment.

(b) The number of times a person breathes, in a minute is called as breathing rate.
An adult human being can inhale or exhale 15-18 times in a minute. It is the average breathing rate of an adult
human being. Breathing rate is not constant always.

Question 7.
Observe the given figures as A and B and answer the following questions.

(a) Among both figures identify which A or B indicates the process of inhalation and which shows the process of
exhalation?
(b) In the figure label the arrows and indicate the direction of

 movement of air

 movement of diaphragm

 movement of ribs [NCERT Exemplar]

Answer:
(a) Figure A indicates inhalation and figure B indicates exhalation.
(b) Movement of air, diaphragm and ribs are indicated in below figure:

Question 8.
List some animals around you. Now group them as follows:
(a) Animals that can breathe only through skin.
(b) The animal that can breathe through skin as well as through lungs.
(c) The animal that can breathe through lungs.
(d) Animals that can breathe through gills.
(e) Animals that can breathe through spiracle and tracheae? [HOTS]
Answer:
(a) Animals that can breathe only through skin are earthworm and leech.
(b) Animals that can breathe through skin as well as through lungs are frogs.
(c) Animals that can breathe through lungs are buffaloes, human, and dolphins.
(d) Animals that can breathe through gills are tadpole and fish.
(e) Animals that can breathe through spiracles and tracheae are grasshopper, cockroaches, ants, housefly and
mosquito.

Question 9.
Palak wants to be a great cyclist. She cycles daily for about 2 hours followed by some exercises. Today, she thought
she will cycle for longer and managed it for 41/2 hours. Now she is feeling cramped up and her breathing is
disturbed. Her mother took her to hospital where the doctor examined and told her not to push herself more than
necessary. Palak understood and promised herself to move show and steadily.
(a) Why did Palak had cramps in her legs?
(b) Is breathing rate also affected after doing long hour of exercise. Why?
(c) When there is not enough oxygen supply,
what happens to body and process of respiration? What values you learn from this? [Value Based Question]
Answer:
(a) Due to extensive exercise, formation of lactic acid occurred as muscles starts to respire anaerobically.
(b) Yes, breathing rate will be faster. Normally we are breathing at a slower rate but during physical activities, to make
sufficient amount of O2 reaching cells we breathe faster.
(c) The body starts respiring anaerobically in the absence of sufficient oxygen. Glucose is partially broken into lactic
acid which causes body cramps.
Values learned – We should not force ourselves exercise but not over burn yourself discipline.

Question 10.
A person put some warm water in an aquarium having fish during winter season. He thought that fish will be more
comfortable in luke warm water than cold water. But he observed that fishes in the aquarium died. Why the fishes
died in warm water? [HOTS]
Answer:
The fishes have special type of organs for respiration called gills. These gills absorbs oxygen dissolved in water and
through blood vessels, this oxygen is passed to all the parts of the body. The amount of dissolved oxygen is
comparatively less in water than the amount of oxygen in air.
Therefore, the rate of breathing is also high in aquatic animals.
If we add warm water, to the aquarium the dissolved oxygen will dissociate and move into the atmosphere again,
leaving the least percentage of oxygen into the water (as it is known that the solubility of gases in water goes down
as the temperature rises). Therefore, fishes will have difficulty in breathing in the absence of oxygen and will die.

Question 11.
A group of people were smoking cigarettes in a restaurant. The atmosphere was full of smoke. An old man sitting
next to the group asked them to stop smoking while sitting in the premise or move out. They agreed to do so and
promised not to repeat then mistake.
Answer the following questions.
(a) Write any three hazards of smoking.
(b) Can smoking also affect the person who does not smoke?
(c) Do you support the group’s decision to not smoke in public or indiviually. What values do we understand
from here. [Value Based Question]
Answer:
(a) Smoking is very injurious for the respiratory system. It harms lungs.

 It causes blockage in respiratory tract.

 It leads to lung cancer.

 It can cause disease like asthma and heart diseases.

(b) Yes, smoking affects people who are passive smokers, i.e. those present nearby smokers.
(c) Yes, the people should bot smoke in public areas as it can cause discomfort to others.
The values we understand are obedience, respect elders and healthy habits.

Respiration in Organisms Class 7 Science Extra Questions Miscellaneous Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Sometimes when we do heavy exercise, anaerobic respiration takes place in our muscle cells. What is produced
during this process? [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) Alcohol and lactic acid
(b) Alcohol and CO2
(c) Lactic acid and CO2
(d) Lactic acid only
Answer:
(d) Lactic acid only

Question 2.
Yeast is used in wine and beer industries because it respires
(a) aerobically producing oxygen
(b) aerobically producing alcohol
(c) anaerobically producing alcohol
(d) anaerobically producing CO2
Answer:
(c) anaerobically producing alcohol

Question 3.
During the process of exhalation, the ribs move [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) down and inwards
(b) up and inwards
(c) down and outwards
(d) up and outwards
Answer:
(a) down and inwards
Question 4.
Fish breathe with the help of gills which are richly supplied with blood vessels. The gills help the fish to [NCERT
Exemplar]
(a) take in oxygen from air
(b) take in oxygen dissolved in water
(c) absorb nutrients present in water
(d) release waste substances in water
Answer:
(b) take in oxygen dissolved in water

Question 5.
Earthworms and frogs breathe through their skin because of which the skin of both the organisms is
(a) moist and rough
(b) dry and rough
(c) dry and slimy
(d) moist and slimy
Answer:
(d) moist and slimy

Question 6.
Minimum loss of energy takes place while we are
(a) walking
(b) swimming
(c) running
(d) sleeping
Answer:
(d) sleeping

Question 7.
The air that we breathe in passes to the tiny sacs called
(a) bronchi
(b) alveoli
(c) bronchioles
(d) pharynx
Answer:
(b) alveoli

Question 8.
Main organ of human respiratory system is
(a) lungs
(b) heart
(c) liver
(d) stomach
Answer:
(a) lungs

Question 9.
The raw material for cellular respiration is
(a) glucose
(b) sucrose
(c) fructose
(d) starch
Answer:
(a) glucose
Question 10.
Choose which among the following can breathe through lungs as well as through skin?
(a) Fish
(b) Frog
(c) Earthworm
(d) Dolphin
Answer:
(b) Frog

Question 11.
Spiracles on the body of insect are connected to a network of thin air tubes called
(a) lungs
(b) tracheae
(c) gills
(d) blow holes
Answer:
(b) tracheae

Question 12.
Yeasts are used in
(a) wine and beer industry
(b) bakery industry
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) Both (a) and (b)

Fill in the Blanks

1. The roots of a plant take up oxygen from the ………….. trapped between the ………….. particles.
2. Diaphragm forms the ………….. of the chest cavity. [NCERT Exemplar]
3. Exchange of gases in the leaves takes place with the help of ………….. .
4. Cockroaches breathe with the help of air tubes called ………….. .
5. ………….. is an essential phenomenon for the survival of living organisms.
6. During aerobic respiration the food is broken down into ………….. and ………….. and releases a lot of ………….. .
7. Taking in of air rich in O2 inside the body is called ………….. .
8. Breathing rate of a person is not ………….. always ………….. .
9. Unwanted particles like smoke, dust, pollen, etc., are called ………….. .
10. Lungs are very ………….. organ.
Answers:
1. air, soil
2. floor
3. stomata
4. tracheae
5. Breathing
6. carbon dioxide, water, energy
7. inhalation
8. constant
9. allergen
10. delicate

True/False
1. Oxygen breaks down glucose outside the cells of organisms. [NCERT Exemplar]
2. Frogs can breathe through their skin as well as lungs.
3. Insects have spiracles on the lower surface of the body.
4. Exhaled air has more percentage of CO2 than inhaled air. [NCERT Exemplar]
5. Living organism respire to get energy from food.
6. Plants respire through leaves and roots.
7. Cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of the body.
8. We take deep breathes after we hold on breath for the one minute.
9. The exchange of gases in plants takes place through stomata.
10. The balance between CO2 and O2 is maintained by the plants.
Answers:
1. False, oxygen breaks down glucose inside the cells of organisms.
2. True
3. False, insects have spiracles on the sides of the body.
4. True
5. True
6. True
7. True
8. True
9. True
10. True

Match the Columns

Question 1.
Match the names of organisms in Column I with their organs of breathing given in Column II. [NCERT Exemplar]

Column I Column II

(a) Butterfly (i) Lungs

(b) Earthworm (ii) Gills

(c) Sparrow (iii) Spiracles

(d) Fish (iv) Skin

Question 2.
Match the items in Column I with those in Column II.

Column I Column II

(a) Plant (i) Earthworm

(b) Cell (ii) Stomata

(c) Frog (iii) Single celled

(d) Lungs (iv) Lungs

(e) Skin (v) Spiracles

 (f) Yeast (vi) Oxygen

(g) Mammals (vii) Structural and functional unit of body

(h) Leaves (viii) Chest cavity

(i) Inhalation (ix) Lungs and moist skin

(j) Cockroaches (x) Stomata, lenticels and roots

Answer:
1.
(a)-(iii)
(b)-(iv)
(c)-(i)
(d)-(ii)

2.
(a)-(x)
(b)-(vii)
(c)-(ix)
(d)-(viii)
(e)-(i)
(f)-(iii)
(g)-(iv)
(h)-(ii)
(i)-(vi)
(j)-(v)

Transportation in Animals and Plants

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1 .
Name some useful products or materials that are carried by blood.
Answer:
Food, water and oxygen are the products that are carried by blood to every part of the body.

Question 2.
Circulatory system consists of three major organs. Name those organs.
Answer:
The circulatory system consists of three major organs, i.e., blood, blood vessels and heart.

Question 3.
Give the name of blood component which is liquid and contains 90% water.
Answer:
The sticky liquid part of the blood, containing 90% water is called plasma.

Question 4.
Name the organ which is located in the chest cavity with its lower tip slightly tilted towards the left. [NCERT
Exemplar; HOTS]
Answer:
The heart is located in the chest cavity with its lower tip slightly tilted towards the left.

Question 5.
RBC contains a red coloured pigment which carries oxygen with it. What is the pigment called?
Answer:
The red coloured pigment of RBC that carries oxygen with it is called haemoglobin.

Question 6.
Veins have valves which allow blood to flow only in one direction. Arteries do not have valves. Yet the blood flows in
one direction only. Can you explain why? [NCEAT Examplar; HOTS]
Answer:
Veins have valves to prevent blood from flowing backwards and pooling, whereas arteries pump blood at very high
pressures, which naturally prevents back flow

Question 7.
In which form, the oxygen is transported to various body parts by haemoglobin?
Answer:
The red pigment, haemoglobin binds with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin which is transported to various body
parts.

Question 8.
Certain greenish-blue lines appear just below the skin of our hands and leg. What are these?
Answer:
The greenish-blue lines that appear just below the skin of our hands and legs are veins.

Question 9.
Human blood group is divided into how many groups? Name them.
Answer:
Human blood group is divided into four groups. These are A, B, AB and O.

Question 10.
Waste carbon dioxide and urea are removed from our body by which organs?
Answer:
The carbon dioxide is removed by lungs while urea is removed from the body by kidney.

Question 11.
Blood is a fluid connective tissue. Justify.
Answer:
Blood is a fluid tissue which connects all the parts of body with each other.

Question 12.
Blood performs various functions including protection against infections. How?
Answer:
Blood contains WBC which forms the defense of our body. They eat antigens and fights aganist infections.

Question 13.
Pulse rate can indicate the health states of an individual. How?
Answer:
Pulse rate will increase or decrease from normal rate if a person is not well.

Question 14.
Usually veins carry deoxygenated blood except in one case. Specify.
Answer:
Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from lungs to heart.
Question 15.
State the function of valves ?
Answer:
Valves prevent the back flow of blood between chambers of heart.

Question 16.
Name the functional units of the major excretory organ of humans.
Answer:
Kidney is the major excretory organ and nephrons are its functional units.

Question 17.
Exchange of gases, food and other substances occurs between arteries and veins. How does this exchange happen?
Answer:
Exchange of substances between arteries and veins occurs via capillaries.

Question 18.
Measuring of heartbeats is a significant step during health checkups. Name the instrument used for the same.
Answer:
Stethoscope

Question 19.
Kidneys are the major excretory organs in humans. How will the waste products released will be excreted out if the
kidneys are damaged or unfunctional? [HOTS]
Answer:
Artificial ways of waste removal are used like dialysis which are referred to as artificial kidneys.

Question 20.
Arteries have a very thick and elastic walls. Why?
Answer:
Arteries carry blood at a very high pressure due to pumping action of heart hence, the need of thicker walls.

Question 21.
Skin is also considered as an excretory organ. Give reason if you agree. [HOTS]
Answer:
Yes, skin is an excretory organ as it secretes waste products by releasing sweat from the surface.

Question 22.
Heart has three chambers, two ventricles and one atrium. Is it right or wrong?
Answer:
Wrong, the heart has four chambers. Two auricles and two ventricles.

Question 23.
Arteries and veins carry blood to and from the heart. Which of these carry the blood?
(a) Back to the heart from all organs.
(b) Away from heart for distribution in all organs.
Answer:
(a) Veins
(b) Arteries

Question 24.
Urine is called an excretory product. Why?
Answer:
Urine is the mixture of urea and other unwanted salts with water which is needed to be excreted out as its presence
in blood can make a person ill.

Question 25.
Sponges and Hydra do not possess any circulatory system then how do they carry out distribution of food and other
substances?
Answer:
The water in which these organisms live brings them food and oxygen as it enters their bodies.

Question 26.
If the heartbeats of a person are more than 72-80 beats per minute. What does it signify?
Answer:
The faster heartbeats signify that heart is pumping more blood to the organs as they need increased oxygen and
energy supply.

Question 27.
What is the purpose of using stethoscope by doctors?
Answer:
A stethoscope reads heartbeats as diaphragm amplies the rounds of heartbeat when placed on specific areas.

Question 28.
Urinary bladder is the part of human excretory system. What is its role in excretion?
Answer:
Bladder stores the excretory product released after filtration from kidney and excrete it out at specific times.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Arrange the following statements in the correct order in which they occur during the formation and removal of urine
in human beings.
(a) Ureters carry urine to the urinary bladder.
(b) Wastes dissolved in water is filtered out as urine in the kidneys.
(c) Urine stored in urinary bladder is passed out through the urinary opening at the end of the urethra.
(d) Blood containing useful and harmful substances reaches the kidneys for filtration.
(e) Useful substances are absorbed back into the blood.
Answer:
The correct order of the formation and removal of urine in human beings is
(d) Blood containing useful and harmful substances reaches the kidneys for filtration.
(e) Useful substances are absorbed back into the blood.
(b) Wastes dissolved in water is filtered out as urine in the kidneys.
(a) Ureters carry urine to the urinary bladder.
(c) Urine stored in urinary bladder is passed out through the urinary opening at the end of the urethra.

Question 2.
Name the tissues of a plant which carries
(a) water and minerals from roots to the leaves.
(b) food from the leaves to the other parts of the plant.
Answer:
The tissue which carries
(a) water and minerals from roots to leaves is xylem.
(b) food from the leaves to the other parts of the plant is phloem.

Question 3.
Look at figure and draw another figure of the same set up as would be observed after a few hours.
Answer:
After the few hours, the figure will be shown as follows

This figure shows that there will be an increase in the level of sugar solution in the potato piece. This increase in the
level of sugar solution rises due to water that passes throGgh the wall of potato and goes inside it.

Question 4.
(a) Name the only artery that carries carbon
dioxide rich blood.
(b) Why is it called an artery if it does not carry oxygen-rich blood? [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
(a) The only artery that carries carbon dioxide rich blood is pulmonary artery.
(b) The main function of artery is to carry blood away from heart. Also arteries have thick wall and do not contain
valves in them. Blood flow in arteries, takes place at high pressure. All these characteristics are found in pulmonary
artery. It carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs for oxygenation, therefore it is called artery.

Question 5.
Name the process and the organ which help in removing the following wastes from the body.
(a) Carbon dioxide
(b) Undigested food
(c) Urine
(d) Sweat [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:

Waste Process Organ

(a) Carbon dioxide Exhalation Lungs

(b) Undigested food Egestion Large intestine and anus

(c) Urine Excretion Kidneys

Perspiration
(d) Sweat Sweat glands
(sweating)

Question 6.
Observe given figure and answer the given question.

(a) Name the instrument.

(b) Label the parts A, B and C. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
(a) The name of the given instrument is stethoscope.
(b) Labelled diagram of stethoscope.

Question 7.
What is the relation between the rate of heartbeat and pulse rate? If a pulse rate of an athlete Is 96/min, what will
be the number of his heartbeat at the same time? [HOTS]
Answer:
The rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the muscles of the heart is called heartbeat. Whereas, the rhythmical
throbbing of the arteries as the blood is pushed forward through them is called pulse. It can be felt in the wrist,
temples, etc.
Pulse rate is the number of heartbeats per minutes. The number of heartbeat is equal to the number of pulse per
minute.
Therefore, if a pulse rate of an athlete is 96/min then the number of his heartbeat at the same time will also be
96/min

Question 8.
Give one function of each of the following organs,
(a) Blood vessels
(b) Kidney
(c) Blood platelets
(d) Heart
Answer:
The main function of the following organs are as follows:
(a) Blood vessels These run between the heart and the rest of the body. It helps in the transport of blood between
heart and various organs of the body.
(b) Kidney It is called as the ‘magic filters’. It helps in the removal of unwanted substances like urea from the blood.
(c) Blood platelets This component of blood helps in blood clotting and prevents the blood loss from the body.
(d) Heart It is a pumping organ which receives blood from the body through veins and pumps it with enough force
into the arteries from where it is carried to the various body parts.

Question 9.
Paheli noticed water being pulled up by a motor pump to an overhead tank of a five storeyed building. She wondered
how water moves up to great heights in the tall trees standing next to the building. Can you tell why? [NCERT
Exemplar; HOTS]
Answer:
When the water is pulled up by a motor-pump to an overhead tank of a five storeyed building, it moves to a great
height due to the suction pull. This pull forms the continuous column of water and water rises up to a great height.
Similarly, when transpiration occurs in the plants, water is evaporated and this creates a suction pull in the plants.

Due to this suction pressure, water from the soil rises up through the roots of the plants and reaches to a great
height in tall plants.

Question 10.
How is transpiration and translocation different from each other.
Answer:
The differences between transpiration and translocation are

Transpiration Translocation
 The evaporation of water from the leaves The transport of soluble products of photosynthesis from leaves (from where
of plant is called transpiration. they are formed) to the other parts, of plants is called translocation.

It takes place through stomata present in

It occurs in the part of the vascular tissue known as phloem.
the lower surface of leaf.

Question 11.
Make a table depicting the function of all chambers of the human heart.
Answer:
The human heart is divided into four chambers, i. e. upper two atrium and lower two ventricles. The functions of
these chambers can be tabulated as follows

Chamber Function

Receives oxygenated blood from lungs through pulmonary veins and pours it into left
Left atrium
ventricle.

Receives deoxygenated blood from various body parts through superior and inferior
Right atrium
vena cava and pours it into right ventricle.

Left ventricle Pumps oxygenated blood to various parts of body through aorta.

Right ventricle Pumps deoxygenated blood into lungs through pulmonary artery.

Question 12.
How does the water move from root to leaves?
Answer:
The water moves from root to leaves with the help of specialised cells called vascular tissue. Transport of water and
nutrients is done by xylem tissue present in plants.

Question 13.
Observe the given diagram of human heart and label all the parts from A to H.

Answer:
The heart is an organ which beats continuously as a pump for the transport of blood carrying other substances with
it, through a network of tubes or blood vessels. The heart pumps blood throughout our life without stopping or
relaxing.

Question 14.
The given diagram is of human excretory system. Label the marked parts of it.

Answer:
The various parts of human excretory system are as follows

Question 15.
Paheli says her mother puts ladyfinger and other vegetables in water if they are somewhat dry. She wants to know
how water enters into them. [HOTS]
Answer:
By soaking the vegetables in water, the skin of the vegetables becomes moist and water starts moving from one cell
to another until the vegetables are fresh again.

Question 16.
Why plants absorb a large quantity of water from the soil, then give it off by transpiration?
Answer:
Plants absorb a large quantity of water from the soil because they need nutrients which are dissolved in the water.
The excess water evaporates through the stomata present on the leaf surface by the process of transpiration.
Question 17.
List some animals surrounding your locality group them into following groups.
(a) Animals that excrete ammonia in gaseous forms.
(b) Animals that excrete uric acid in the form of pellets.
(c) Animals that excrete urea in the form urine. [HOTS]
Answer:
Some animals that surround us are fish, frog, birds, tadpole larva, snake, cow, man, rat, monkey, lizard, toad and
snail.
These can be grouped as follows
(a) Animals that excrete ammonia in gaseous form (i.e. ammonotelics)-Fish, tadpole larva.
(b) Animals that excrete uric acid in the form of pellets (i.e. uricotelics)—Bird, snake, rat, lizard, snail.
(c) Animals that excrete urea in the form of urine (i.e. ureotelics)-Frog, cow, man, monkey, toad.

Question 18.
Human have two major organs that perform transport of materials. Organ ‘A’ is bean-shaped and dark red in colour
lie just above the waist. It helps in’removal of ‘Q’, a waste material from blood. The organ ‘S’ is the opening at the
end of the urinary bladder through which the waste material is eliminated.
Organ ‘B’ lies in the chest cavity slightly tilted towards the left side. It pumps continuously and pours liquid ‘C’ into
arteries and through very fine tube-like structure ‘D’ distributes the liquid to various parts of the body. What are the
name of these organs. [HOTS]
Answer:
Organ ‘A’ is kidney which is bean-shaped and helps in the removal of urea (Q) which is a waste material from the
blood. ‘S’ is urethra which is the small opening at the end of urinary bladder. Organ ‘B’ is heart which acts as pump. It
pumps liquid blood continuously and pours into arteries, and through capillaries (D) which are fine tube-like
structure, the blood is distributed to various parts of the body.

Question 19.
The major function of the arteries is to carry to oxygenated blood throughout the body and that of veins is to carry
deoxygenated blood from body parts to heart for purification. There is one artery that carries deoxygenated blood
and one vein that carries oxygenated blood. Name the artery and vein. [HOTS]
Answer:
The artery which carries deoxygenated blood or blood rich in CO2 is pulmonary artery while the pulmonary vein is
one which carries oxygenated blood. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs while
pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from lungs to heart.

Question 20.
Boojho’s uncle was hospitalised and put on dialysis after a severe infection in both of his kidneys.
(a) What is dialysis?
(b) When does it become necessary to take such a treatment?
Answer:
The normal functioning of kidney is necessary for good health of a person. But sometime s the kidney may stop
working due to infection or injury. This condition of kidney is called kidney failure which may lead to the
accumulation of urea in the blood of a person. Since, urea is a toxic substance which must be removed from the
blood. Such person having kidney failure cannot survive unless his blood is filtered periodically through the artificial
kidney machine to remove urea. The process used for cleaning the blood of a person by separating the waste product
urea from it is called dialysis.This machine removes urea and other waste the product periodically.

The long term solution for the patient suffering from kidney failure is kidney transplantation. In this method, the
diseased or damaged kidney is removed and matching kidney is donated by a healthy person. The donated kidney is
transplanted in its place by performing surgery.

Question 21.
The internal structure of heart has four chambers.
(a) Name the upper chambers of heart.
(b) Name the lower chambers of heart.
Answer:
The vertical section of heart shows that heart is divided into four compartments called as chambers.
(a) The upper two chambers of heart are called atria or atrium.
(b) The lower two chambers of heart are called ventricles.

Question 22.
Explain in brief the main functions of the structural and functional unit of kidney in excretory system.
Answer:
Kidney is the major excretory organ which consists of thousands of tiny filters called nephrons. The major functions
of nephron are

 To filter blood at high pressure which helps in the separation of nitrogenous waste such as urea from the
blood.

 It helps in selective re-absorption of some substances (from the initial filtrate which is filtered at a very high
pressure). These substances include glucose, amino acid, salts ancf a major amount of water.

Question 23.
What is the special feature present in a human heart which does not allow mixing of blood when oxygen-rich and
carbon dioxide-rich blood reach the heart? [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
In human, the heart has four chambers. The two upper chambers are called the atria and the two lower chambers
are called the ventricles. The partition between the chambers helps to avoid mixing up of blood rich in oxygen with
the blood rich in carbon dioxide.

Question 24.
Paheli uprooted a rose plant from the soil. Most of the root tips with root hairs got left behind in the soil. She planted
it in a pot with new soil and watered it regularly. Will the plant grow or die? Give reason for your answer. [NCERT
Exemplar, HOTS]
Answer:
Possible answers are

 Without the root hairs, the roots will not be able to absorb water and nutrients and the plant will die.

 The stem of the rose plant may grow new roots and the plant will live.

 The rose plant may not be able to survive in a different type of soils.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Priya’s grandfather was taken to the hospital as he was unable to perform excretory processes. Priya heard a nurse
talking to her father that her grandfather’s has kidney failure and needs to undergo dialysis. Priya later asked her
father as to what is dialysis process and why does grandpa needs it. Her father smiles and tells her all the facts
associated with this process.
(a) What do you mean by dialysis?
(b) Why is there a need for dialysis in some people?
(c) Excretion is an important life process. How?
(d) Which is the major excretory organ in humans?
(e) What values do you observe in Priya? [Value Based Question]
Answer:
(a) Dialysis is the process used for cleaning of the blood by separating the waste products in an artificial medium.
(b) Dialysis is needed when the excretory organ of humans, i.e. kidney becomes damaged on unfunctional due to
some injury or infection.
(c) Excretion process removes the waste products released in body after the utilisation of food and other
components. These products are toxic and may harm us if not removed from our body.
(d) Kidney
(e) Priya is curious, sincere and aware eager to acquire new knowledge.

Question 2.
While learning to ride a bicycle, Boojho lost his balance and fell. He got bruises on his knees and it started bleeding.
However, the bleeding stopped after sometime.
(a) Why did the bleeding stop?
(b) What would be the colour of the wounded area and why?
(c) Which type of blood cells are responsible for clotting of blood? [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
(a) When a cut or wound starts bleeding after sometime, a clot is formed which plugs the cut and bleeding stops.
(b) Wounded area becomes dark red in colour due to clotting of blood.
(c) The blood clot is formed due to the presence of the cells called platelets in the blood.

Question 3.
Like humans and animals, transportation of water, mineral and nutrients also take place in plants. How?
Answer:
Transport of Substances in Plants
Plants take up water and dissolved minerals from the soil through their roots and transport it to their leaves. The
leaves use this water and mineral for synthesising their food by the process called photosynthesis.The food produced
by green plants in transported back to all the parts of plant body.
Therefore, it is clear that plants also need a transport system for carrying water, minerals and food through various
parts of their body.

Transport of Water and Minerals

Plant root absorbs the water and mineral from the soil. The roots possess root hair which increase the surface area of
the root for absorption of water and minerals nutrient that is dissolved in the water. It is moved from roots up to the
stem and leaves through the tube-like tissue called as xylem.

Absorption and flow of water is a continuous process through the xylem tissue. Xylem tissues are the continuous
network of channels which connect roots to the leaves through the stem and branches. It thus transports water and
minerals to the leaves of the entire plant.

Transport of Food Material

The food manufactured in the leaf is transported to different parts of plants. This transportation of food material
from leaves to the other parts of plants is carried out by the tissue called phloem and the process of transport of
food material is called translocation. The phloem consists of vessels that are known as sieve tubes.

Question 4.
Blood from heart is carried by certain tube-like structure. What are they? Give the structure and functions of
different types of blood carrying tubes.
Answer:
These are tubes or pipes that carry blood throughout the body. It runs between the heart and the rest of the body.
There are three major types of blood vessels in the body, i.e. arteries, veins and capillaries.
1. Arteries: These carry blood from the heart to all the parts of body. These lie quite deep under our skin and cannot
be seen easily. Arteries have thick elastic walls as the blood flows at high pressure due to pumping action from heart
through arteries. No valves are present in the arteries. The main artery, i.e. aorta is connected to the left ventricle of
the heart. It carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to all the parts of body except the lungs. Another artery
called pulmonary artery is connected to the right ventricle of the heart and carries deoxygenated blood from the
right ventricle to the lungs.
Note: The arteries normally carry oxygenated blood from the heart but one artery called pulmonary artery carries
deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs.

2. Veins: These are the blood vessels that carry blood from all the parts of the body back to the heart. These tube-
like blood vessels are situated just under the skin and can easily be seen as greenish-blue tubes or lines below the
skin. These carry deoxygenated blood from the body parts to heart. Veins have thin walls and blood flows at low
pressure through the veins. Therefore, veins have valves in them which allow the blood to flow in one direction and
prevent the back flow of blood in veins.
Usually veins carry deoxygenated blood but pulmonary vein that is connected to the left atrium of the heart, carries
oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

Functions of Blood
Various functions of blood are

 It transports substances like digested food from the small intestine to the other parts of the body.

 It carries water to all the parts of the body.

 It carries oxygen and C02 during circulation.

 It carries waste products like urea from liver to kidney for excretion in urine.

 It protects the body from disease.

Question 5.
While riding a bike, Mason fell from it due to loss of balance. He got up and realised that he was bleeding from
several wounds badly. He panicked and started to run but Mansi who was looking at him, stopped him and told him
to clean his wound with a clean cloth and that blood will stop coming in a while. Mason noticed that he has stopped
bleeding after sometime and a hard covering was appearing on his wounds.
(a) Why did the bleeding stop after a while?
(b) What is blood and what type of cells are responsible for clotting?
(c) What of values do you think Mansi have? [Value Based Question]
Answer:
(a) Bleeding stops after sometime because some specialised cells start forming a hard covering called clot at the site
of wound.
(b) Bleeding is a fluid connective tissue present in all parts of the body. Platelets are responsible for formation of clot.
(c) Mansi is helpful, knowledgeable and interested in science subject.

Question 6.
Read the following terms given below,
root hairs xylem urethra
arteries kidneys veins
atria capillaries heart
ureter phloem urinary bladder
Group the terms on the basis of the categories given below.
(a) Circulatory system of animals.
(b) Excretory system in human.
(c) Transport of substances in plants. {NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
The terms on the basis of the categories can be grouped as follows
(a) Circulatory system of human Arteries, atria, capillaries, veins, heart.
(b) Excretory system in human
Urethra, kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder.
(c) Transport of substances in plants Root

Question 7.
(a) What are the different blood groups in human?
(b) Define blood group compatibility.
(c) Make a table to show the donor blood group and recipient blood group.
Answer:
(a) The blood group of an individual human being always remains unchanged throughout their life. Karl Landsteiner
described that human blood can be divided into four groups, i.e. A, B, AB and O. These are named on the basis of
substance present in the blood (RBC). Every man has one of these four groups of blood which is inherited from
parents to offspring and is never changed.

If a person gets injured and heavy blood loss occurs, there is a need to give blood of other person to the patient. The
person who gives the blood is called donor while the person who receives the blood is called
recipient.

(b) The process of donation of blood from one person to another is called blood transfusion. Before donation, the
blood group must be matched because transfusion of different groups can be dangerous. The RBCs of the patient
receiving blood will stick together and may cause death of the patient. This matching of blood group is called blood
group compatibility. It can be shown as follows :

(c)

Blood group Can donate blood to Can receive blood from

A A and AB A and O

B B and AB B and O

AB AB All the group, i.e. A, B, AB and O

O All the group, i.e. A, B, AB and 0 O

Transportation in Animals and Plants Class 7 Science Extra Questions Miscellaneous Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
The muscular tube through which stored urine is passed out of the body is called
(a) kidney
(b) ureter
(c) urethra
(d) urinary bladder
Answer:
(c) urethra

Question 2.
Which among the following contain haemoglobin?
(a) Red blood cells
(b) White blood cells
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Red blood cells

Question 3.
They are pipe-like consisting of a group of specialised cells. They transport substances and form a two-way traffic in
plants. Which of the following terms qualifies for the features mentioned above?
(a) Xylem tissue
(b) Vascular tissue
(c) Root hairs
(d) Phloem tissue
Answer:
(d) Phloem tissue

Question 4.
The organ which controls the blood circulation in body is
(a) Liver
(b) Lungs
(c) Heart
(d) Kidney
Answer:
(c) Heart

Question 5.
The absorption of nutrients and exchange of respiratory gases between blood and tissues takes place in [NCERT
Exemplar]
(a) veins
(b) arteries
(c) heart
(d) capillaries
Answer:
(d) capillaries

Question 6.
A certain type of cells, helps in destruction of disease causing microorganisms are known as
(a) thrombocytes
(b) white blood cells
(c) osteocytes
(d) red blood cells
Answer:
(b) white blood cells

Question 7.
In which of the following parts of human body are sweat glands absent? [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) Scalp
(b) Armpits
(c) Lips
(d) Palms
Answer:
(c) Lips

Question 8.
The lower chambers of heart is called
(a) atria
(b) ventricles
(c) aorta
(d) vena cava
Answer:
(b) ventricles

Question 9.
Aquatic animals like fish excrete their wastes in gaseous form as
(a) oxygen
(b) hydrogen
(c) ammonia
(d) nitrogen
Answer:
(c) ammonia

Question 10.
The filtration of blood is done by
(a) heart
(b) kidney
(c) blood
(d) urethra
Answer:
(b) kidney

Question 11.
In a tall tree which force is responsible for pulling water and minerals from the soil? [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) Gravitational force
(b) Transportation force
(c) Suction force
(d) Conduction force
Answer:
(c) Suction force

Question 12.
Transport of water in plants takes place through
(a) xylem
(b) vascular bundle
(c) phloem
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) xylem

Fill in the Blanks

1. Blood consists of …………, ……………, …………….. and platelets.
2. Human heartbeats about ………… times per minute in an adult person.
3. ………… and ………… are removed along with water as sweat.
4. ………… are the vessels which carry CO2 rich blood from body parts to heart.
5. The ………… is an organ which beats continuously to act as a ………… .
6. Heart is located in the ………… .
7. Doctors use ………… as a device to amplify the sound of heart.
8. The parts or organs involved in excretion to form the ………… .
9. Heart has four ………… called as chambers.
10. The function of kidney is to filter the ………… to ………… remove
Answer:
1. plasma, RBCs, WBCs
2. 70-80
3. Salt, urea
4. Veins
5. heart, pump
6. chest cavity
7. stethoscope
8. excretory system
9. compartments
10. blood, urea

True/False
1. The vascular tissue for the transport of food in plants is called xylem.
2. The rhythmic contraction and relaxation of heart is called heartbeat.
3. Haemoglobin is the red colour pigment present in blood.
4. Atria are the two upper chambers of the heart.
5. Kidney is a rounded structure used to filter the blood.
6. Platelets help in blood clotting.
7. Digested food, oxygen and CO2 passes through the walls of the capillaries.
8. Nephrons are the tiny filtering units of the kidney.
9. WBC protects the body from diseases.
10. The process of cleaning the blood of human by using a kidney machine is called dialysis.
11 . Sweat is secreted by sweat glands, present in our skin.
Answer:
1. False, the vascular tissue for the transport of food In plant is called phloem.
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. False, kidney filters the blood and is a bean-shaped structure.
6. True
7. True
8. True
9. True
10. True
11. True

Match the Columns

Question 1.
Match the Column I with Column II. [NCERT Exemplar]

Column 1 Column II

(a) Right ventricle (i) Pushes blood into the pulmonary artery.

(b) Pulmonary veins (ii) Take deoxygenated blood from the heart to lungs.

(c) Left atrium (iii) Receives blood from different parts of the body.

(d) Pulmonary arteries (iv) Bring oxygenated blood from lungs to the heart.

(e) Left ventricle (v) Pushes blood into the aorta.

(f) Right auricle (vi) Receives deoxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.

Question 2.
Match the Column I with Column II

Column I Column II

(a) Circulatory system (i) Deoxygenated blood

(b) Arteries (ii) Heart and blood vessels

(c) Veins (iii) Oxygenated blood

(d) Kidney (iv) Circulation of blood

(e) William Harvey (v) Excretion

Question 3.
Match the Column 1 with Column II

Column I Column II

(a) Lizards (i) Tube-like structure

(b) Ureters (ii) Blood clotting

(c) Root hairs (iii) Empties blood into the right atrium

(d) Platelets (iv) Largest artery

 (e) Aorta (v) Transport of water and minerals

(f) Vena cava (vi) Uric acid

Answers:
1.
(a)-(i)
(b)-(iv)
(c)-(vi)
(d)-(ii)
(e)-(v)
(f)-(iii)

2.
(a)-(ii)
(b)-(iii)
(c)-(i)
(d)-(v)
(e)-(iv)

3.
(a)-(vi)
(b)-(i)
(c)-(v)
(d)-(ii)
(e)-(iv)
(f)-(iii)

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS

Question 1.
Why is the process of reproduction necessary?
Answer:
The process of reproduction is necessary for the perpetuation and preservation of species and to increase the
number of members of species.

Question 2.
If the filament of Spirogyra is broken into fragments. What will you observe?
Answer:
If the filament of Spirogyra are broken into fragments, then each fragment will develop into a new plant.

Question 3.
Fungus, moss and fern reproduce by a common method of asexual reproduction. Name the method. [NCERT
Exemplar]
Answer:
Fungus, moss and fern reproduce by the common method of spore formation which is a type of asexual
reproduction.

Question 4.
A flower consists of different parts. Name these parts of a flower.
Answer:
The four main parts of a flower are
(i) Sepals
(ii) Petals
(iii) Stamen
(iv) Pistil

Question 5.
Mention the mode of reproduction in the following plants
(a) Spirogyra
(b) Yeast
(c) Money plants
Answer:
(a) Spirogyra – fragmentation
(b) Yeast – budding
(c) Money plant – Vegetative propagation

Question 6.
Pick the odd one out from the following on the basis of mode of reproduction and give reason for it, Sugarcane,
Potato, Rice, Rose. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
The odd one out is rice.
In the above given pairs as rice reproduces by sexual reproduction and sugarcane, potato and rose reproduces
vegetatively.

Question 7.
Give one difference between unisexual and bisexual flower.
Answer:
Unisexual flowers are those which contain either male or female reproductive part and bisexual flower has both
reproductive parts (i.e. male and female) on the same flower.

Question 8.
Flowers are colourful and fragrant. Give reason supporting the statement. [HOTS]
Answer:
Flowers are so colourful because they absorb and reflect light energy. Fragrance results from production of volatile
chemicals which evaporate.

Question 9.
Boojho had the following parts of a rose plant-a leaf, roots, a branch, a flower, a bud and pollen grains. Which of
them can be used to grow a new rose plant? [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
Branch can be used to grow a new rose plant. As, rose reproduces by vegetative propagation, i.e. stem cutting
method.

Question 10.
Formation of new but similar individuals from parents is characteristic feature of which process?
Answer:
Reproduction is the process of production of new similar organisms from their parents.

Question 11.
Name two plants where vegetative reproduction takes place by roots.
Answer:
Sweet potato and dahlia develops new plants through their roots by the process of vegetative reproduction.

Question 12.
A yellow powdery substance is present in the anther which participates in reproduction process. Name this
substance.
Answer:
Pollen grains.

Question 13.
In which part of flower does fertilisation occur?
Answer:
Ovary is the part where male and female gametes fuse together.

Question 14.
Bryophyllum leaves reproduce using which mode of reproduction?
Answer:
Asexually by vegetative propagation.

Question 15.
Which type of pollination does the given figure indicate?

Answer:
The given figure shows self-pollination, as the pollen grains from anther of flower are transferred to the stigma of
same flower.

Question 16.
What are the bulb-like projections forming in yeasts?
Answer:
The bulb-like projections formed during reproduction are called buds.

Question 17.
‘Spores’ as a means of asexual reproduction are used by which plants?
Answer:
Spores are produced by fungi, ferns and mosses during unfavourable conditions.

Question 18.
Write the male and female reproductive parts present on the flowers.
Answer:
The male reproductive part is stamen and the female reproductive part is pistil.

Question 19.
Pollen grains are present inside anthers for long time yet they do not die. Why?
Answer:
Pollen grains have a tough protective coat which presents them from drying up.

Question 20.
Name two plants in which pollination occurs by water.
Answer:
Vallisneria and Hydrilla.

Question 21.
Fruit is the ripened ovary of a flower. Explain.
Answer:
After fertilisation, the ovary of a flower develops and becomes a fruit with seeds present inside.
Question 22.
Banana is a fruit without seeds. Give reason.
Answer:
Banana forms from one parent only. There is no seed production.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
When you keep food items like bread and fruits outside for a long time especially during the rainy season, you will
observe a cottony growth on them. [NCERT Exemplar; HOTS]
(a) What is this growth called?
(b) How does the growth take place?
Answer:
(a) When food items like bread and fruits are kept outside for a long time especially during rainy season, a cottony
growth of bread mould, a fungus is observed.
(b) This growth of fungus takes place by spores present in air, which when comes in the contact with moisture in
bread germinates and grow to produce new cells.

Question 2.
Collect some flower of different plants like papaya, rose, mustard, lady’s finger, Petunia, cucumber, corn, pea, etc.
Group them under following heads.
(a) Which of these plants have unisexual flowers?
(b) Which of these plants have bisexual flower?
(c) What is the other name of unisexual and bisexual flower? [HOTS]
Answer:
(a) Unisexual flowers are papaya, cucumber, com.
(b) Bisexual flowers are rose, mustard, lady’s finger, Petunia, pea.
(c) Unisexual flowers are also called as incomplete flower while bisexual flowers are called hermaphrodite or
complete flowers.

Question 3.
In the figure given below, label the part marked (i), (ii) and (iii). [NCERT Exemplar]

Answer:
The parts in the given figure are labelled as follows

Question 4.
Coconut is a large and heavy fruit. How is it adapted for dispersal by water? [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
The seeds of some plants that have an outer fibrous or spongy covering are dispersed through water. They have the
ability to float in the water and drift along with its flow, e.g. seeds of water lily, lotus, chestnut (singhara) and coconut
are dispersed through water. The coconut fruits have a fibrous outer coat which enables them to float in water and
carried away by flowing water to far off places.
Question 5.
What is a bud? Which organism reproduce by budding? Given the diagrammatic representation of budding in a plant.
Answer:
Buds are small bulb-like projections of yeast cell.
These are asexual reproducing bodies of yeast.
Diagrammatic representation of budding in yeast Refer to figure on page 178.

Question 6.
Group the seeds given in figure (i) to (iii) according to their means of dispersion.
(a) Seed dispersed by wind.
(b) Seed dispersed by water.
(c) Seed dispersed by animal. [NCERT Exemplar]

Answer:
The seeds and their means of dispersal can be given as follows:
(a) The seed of maple is dispersed by wind. It has winged seed which are light in weight.

(b) Seed of aak or madar has hairy outgrowth which makes it lighter and can be dispersed by wind.

(c) Seed of Xanthium have numerous spines on them which gets attached to the fur of animals. Hence, these are
dispersed by animals.

None of the seed given in the figure is dispersed by water

Question 7.
How does male gamete present in pollen grain reaches female gamete present in ovule?
Answer:
After pollination, the pollen grains fall on the surface of stigma and germinate to form a long tube, reaching the
ovules inside the ovary, the egg or female gamete is present in the ovule.
The outer surface of pollen grains rupture and male gametes are released to fuse with egg.

Question 8.
How do the plants like sugarcane, potato and rose reproduce when they cannot produce seeds?
Answer:
Sugarcane and rose are propagated by stem cutting that is a method of vegetative propagation, in which stem is
capable of growing into a mature independent plants that are identical to their parents.

Potato is an underground modified stem having bud called eyes, which sprout and develop into a new identical plant.
Thus, the plants which cannot produce seeds, can be propagated vegetatively with the help of vegetative parts such
as stem, roots, buds and leaves.

Question 9.
Mention the benefits of seed dispersal.
Answer:
Benefits of Seed Dispersals

 Seed dispersal avoids overcrowding of young plants around their parent plants.

 It helps in preventing competition between the plants and its own seedlings for sunlight, water and minerals.

 One of the benefits of seed dispersal is that it enables the plant to grow into new habitats for wider
distribution and provides them with better chance of survival.

Question 10.
What is meant by the term fertilisation? List the stepwise manner leading to formation of an embryo.
Answer:

The process in which the male gamete fuses with female gamete to form a new cell (called zygote) is called
fertilisation.
When the pollens are deposited on the stigma of the pistil, it begins to germinate. After sometime, a long pollen tube
is developed from the pollen grain which passes through the style towards the female gametes in the ovary. The male
gametes move down the pollen tube and the tube enters the ovule present inside the ovary.

The tip of pollen tube bursts and the male gamete comes out of the pollen tube. Inside the ovary, the male gametes
fuse with the female gametes present in the ovule to form a fertilised egg cell which is called zygote.
The zygote develops into an embryo which is a part of a seed that develops into a new plant.

Question 11.
A student was given a flower. He was asked to pick the different whorls of flower by the forcep. He pulled each part
of the flower and laid them on the chart paper in a sequence and named them W, X, Y, Z (from outer to inner whorl).
He was unable to name them.
Help the student to name the different parts of a flower. Also help him to tell which part produces male gamete and
female gametes. [HOTS]
Answer:
The four whorls of the flower are outermost whorl ‘W’ is green part which is called sepal. Inside sepal the next whorl
is X which is coloured and attractive part of the flower called petals. The Y is the inner whorl of flower called stamen.
It is the male reproductive part of flower. It consist of two parts, i.e. anther and filament. The anther contains male
gametes called pollen grain. The whorl ‘Z’ is the innermost part of the flower called pistil. It is the female
reproductive part of flower. It consist of three parts, i.e. stigma, style and ovary. The ovary produces ovule which
contains the female gametes or egg cell.

Question 12.
One morning as Paheli strolled in her garden she noticed many small plants, which were not there a week ago. She
wondered, where they had come from as nobody had planted them there. Explain the reason for the growth of these
plants. [NCERT Exemplar; HOTS]
Answer:
The small plants which were not there in the garden a weak ago have grown up due to seed dispersal. The seeds
from the tree may have fallen below or have been dispersed by wind or animals on the ground, which on
germination developed into new small plants.

Question 13.
Place a piece of bread in a moist and warm place for few days. Observe it after few days. What will you see?
(a) Name the organism that grows on the bread piece?
(b) What are the thread-like projections called?
(c) What is the knob like structure present on the top of thin stem called?
(d) Which type of reproduction does this organism shows?
(e) From where does the spors comes to the bread piece? [HOTS]
Answer:
(a) When the bread piece is kept in a moist and warm place for few days, bread mould grows on the bread piece.
(b) The thread-like projections are called hyphae or mycelium.
(c) The thin stem having knob-like structure on the top is called sporangia or sporangium which contains hundred of
minute spores.
(d) Bread mould shows asexual mode of reproduction.
(e) These spores are present in the air and when favourable conditions arrive, the grow into new plants.

Question 14.
Write how the following seeds are dispersed.
(a) Seeds with wings
(b) Small and light seeds.
(c) Seeds with spines/hooks.
Answer:
The mode of dispersal of the seeds having following properties are as follows:
(a) Seeds with wings-like seeds of drumstick and maple become light weighted and can be blown away by air. Thus,
these are dispersed by wind.
(b) Small and light seeds like seeds of grasses and cotton (having hairy growth) are also dispersed through wind.
(c) Seeds of Xanthium, Urena have spines and hooks on them, these hooks or spines are attached to the fur of the
animal body. When animals move to other places and rub their body with tree, etc., these seeds fall from their body
and get dispersed.. Therefore, these are dispersed through animals.

Question 15.
Why is vegetative propagation a preferred method of asexual reproduction?
Answer:
The following advantages of vegetative reproduction makes it a preferred method

 It takes less time to grow and bear flower and fruits than those produced from seeds.

 The new plants are the exact copies of parent plant because they are produced from a single parent.
Question 16.
Insects are called agents of pollination. How do they aid in process of pollination?
Answer:
Flowers have nectars that attract insects. Insects suck these nectars as their food. When insects like bee, butterfly,
etc., sit on the flower for sucking nectar, the sticky pollen grains get attached to their legs and wings. When these
insects again sit on another flower, these pollen grains are transferred to the stigma of that flower from the body of
the insects. In this way, insects help in pollination.

Question 17.
What is seed dispersal? What will happen if all the seeds of a plant were to fall at a same place and grow?
Answer:
Plant produces large number of seeds. When these seeds fall down they starts growing. The process by which the
seeds are scattered to different place (far and wide from their parents) is called seed dispersal.
The seeds and fruits are dispersed away through various agencies like air, water and animals. Sometimes dispersal
takes place by the explosion or bursting of fruits. If all the seeds of a plant were to fall at the same place and grow,
there will be a severe competition for sunlight, water, mineral and space. As a result, the survival for the plants will
be difficult and the plants who survive will not grow into a healthy plants.

Question 18.
Describe the structure of a flower.
Answer:
The main parts of a flower are

(i) Sepals These are the green leaf-like outermost circle of the flower. All the sepals are together referred to as calyx.
The function of calyx is to protect the flower when it is in bud form.

(ii) Petals These are the colourful and most attractive part of flower. These lie inside the sepals. All the petals are
together referred to as corolla. These are scented and attract insects for pollination.

(iii) Stamen It is a male reproductive organ of plant. These are the little stalks with swollen top and lies inside the ring
of petals. The stamen is made up of two parts, i.e. filament and anther. The stalk of stamen is called filament and the
swollen top of stamen is called anther.
Anther contains the pollen grain which have male gamete in it. Pollen grains are exposed when the anther ripens and
splits. These appear as the yellow powder like substance which is sticky in nature. Flowers usually have a number of
stamens in it.

(iv) Pistil It is the female reproductive part of a flower that lies in the centre of a flower. These are flask-shaped
structure which is made up of three parts, i.e. stigma, style and ovary.
The top part of pistil is called stigma. It receives the pollen grains from the anther during pollination. The middle part
of the pistil is tube-like structure called style which connects stigma to the ovary.

The swollen bottom part at the base of pistil is called ovary.

The ovary makes ovules and stores them. These ovules contain the female sex cells also called as egg cell. It is the
female gamete of flower. Pistil is also called as carpel. The pistil is surrounded by several stamens.
The base of the flower on which all the parts of flower are attached is called receptacle.

Question 19.
Observe the given figure?

(a) Which plant is this? Give the name of the plant.

(b) What does it shows?
(c) From where the new plants are developing?
Answer:
(a) The given figure is of Bryophyllum leaf. It is also called as sprout leaf plant.
(b) It shows vegetative reproduction by leaves.
(c) The leaves of Bryophyllum develops some buds in its margin or edges which grow into new plants, when buried in
the soil.

Question 20.
The process of layering is commonly used in jasmine for reproduction. Explain how this process of layering is
performed in jasmine. [HOTS]
Answer:
Layering is a method of vegetative reproduction in branches. In this method, a mature branch of parent plant is bent
down and covered with soil.
The tip of the branch is kept above the ground. After few days the roots are developed from the branch buried under
the soil and develops into a new plant. This method is done in the plants that have long and slender branches, e.g.
jasmine.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
In the figure of a flower given below, label the parts whose functions are given below and give their names.
(a) The part which contains pollen grains.
(b) The part where the female gamete is formed.
(c) The female reproductive part, where pollen grains germinate.
(d) The colourful part of flower which attracts insects[NCERT Exemplar]

Answer:
The various parts of a flower whose functions are mentioned above are labelled as follows :

Question 2.
Observe the following figure and answer the following questions.
(a) Which type of vegetative propagation has been shown in this figure?
(b) Name two plants where this method of vegetative reproduction takes place.
(c) Is this a sexual or asexual mode of reproduction?
(d) Label the part (A) and (B) in the given figure.

Answer:
(a) The given figure shows grafting method (vegetative reproduction).
(b) Mango and rose are the two plants where this method of vegetative takes place.
(c) It is asexual method of reproduction.
(d) (A) Scion (B) Stock

Question 3.
Explain the process of reproduction in plants, involving the fusion of cells from male and female parts of a flower.
Answer:
When the reproduction in an organism includes two types of gametes, i.e male and female from two different
parents, it is called sexual reproduction. The sexual reproduction takes place by the fusion of male and female
gametes by the process called fertilisation to form zygote.

Sexual reproduction [fertilisation) in plants The different steps that take place during sexual reproduction in plants
are

 The pollens are deposited on stigma and begins to germinate.

 Pollen tube containing male gametes reaches to the ovary of flower.

  The tip of the pollen tubes gets dissolved and male gametes comes out of the pollen tube.

 Inside the ovary male gametes fuse with the female gamete or egg present in the ovule.

 The fusion of both the gametes will result into a fertilised egg cell which is also called as zygote.

Question 4.
Name some fruit bearing plants. Now make a table and describe the method of seed dispersal in these fruits as well
as the part which helps in the seed dispersal.
Answer:
The method of seed dispersal in the fruits and the parts which help in the seed dispersal:
Name of fruits bearing plants Agents through which seeds are dispersd Parts or seeds which helps in dispersal

Agents through which seeds are

Name of fruits bearing plants Parts or seeds which helps in dispersal
dispersd

Drumstick Air/wind Winged seeds

Sunflower Wind Hairy seeds

Gokhru Animal Spines and Hooks

Coconut Water Fibrous coating

Lotus Water Thalamus float in water

Poppy Explosion Pericarp bursts

Grass Wind minute, light weighted seeds

Question 5.
Observe the given figure and answer the following questions.
(a) Name the plant?
(b) Which type of reproduction is seen in this plant?
(c) Is ginger a root or stem?
(d) Label the part of this plant?

Answer:
(a) The given figure is of ginger tuber.
(b) Asexual reproduction is seen in this plant.
(c) Ginger is a stem.
(d) Various parts of this plant can be shown as follows:

Question 6.
Ria went to a plant nursery with her mother. The gardner approached them and asked about their choice of plant.
Ria’s mother wanted a flowering plant with fragrance. Gardner showed them a plant and told them that this variety
has been prepared by a method of vegetative propagation of stems.
Ria grew curious and asked some questions to gardner.
(a) What is vegetative propagation?
(b) What are methods of producing new plants using stem?
(c) Name any two plants where this method of reproduction is used. Is this a asexual or sexual method?
(d) What values do you observe in Ria? [Value Based Question]
Answer:
(a) Vegetative propagation is the process of reproduction in which new plants are produced from different parts of
old plants like stem, roots or leaves.
(b) Cutting and grafting method are two methods where stem is used for vegetative propagation.
(c) Mango and rose are two plants cultivated using vegetative propagation.
This is an asexual method of reproduction.
(d) Ria is curious, inquiring who wants to gain knowledge about process occurring around here.

Question 7.
Ravi was sitting in a garden with his family. His younger sister comes running with different types of flowers and starts
to name their parts. She stops as she forgets some names and Ravi noticing this comes to help her.
His sister askes many questions related to flowers and Ravi answers her with all information he has.
(a) What is a flower and mention its function during reproduction?
(b) Flowers help in pollination and fertilisation. Yes/No? Give reason.
(c) Do all flowers have both male and female parts on them specify?
(d) What values are observed in Ravi and his sister? (Value Based Question]
Answer:
(a) A flower is the reproductive part of plant which helps in sexual reproduction.
A flower ensures the occurrence of process of fertilisation.
(b) Yes, flower aids in both pollination and fertilisation. Different colours and fragrance of flowers attract insects to
them causing dispersal of pollen grain ensuring pollination.
Fertilisation occurs in the ovary of the flower after pollination of male and female parts.
(c) Number of some flowers can either have male or female parts on them, these flowers are called unisexual.
Some flowers have both, the male and female parts on them so they are called bisexual flowers.
(d) Ravi is aware, sincere, helpful as he helps others and knowledgeable while his sister is inquisitive, ready to acquire
new knowledge and observant.

Reproduction in Plants Class 7 Science Extra Questions Miscellaneous Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
The ‘eye’ of the potato plant is what?
(a) The root is to any plant
(b) The bud is to a flower
(c) The bud is to Bryophyllum leaf
(d) The anther is to stamen
Answer:
(b) The bud is to a flower

Question 2.
Seeds of drumstick and maple are carried to long distances by wind because they possess [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) winged seeds
(b) large and hairy seeds
(c) long and ridged fruits
(d) spiny seeds
Answer:
(a) winged seeds

Question 3.
Lila observed that a pond with clear water was covered up with a green algae within a week.
By which method of reproduction did the algae spread so rapidly?
(a) Budding
(b) Sexual reproduction
(c) Fragmentation
(d) Pollination
Answer:
(c) Fragmentation

Question 4.
Which of the following parts of a sexual reproduction?
(i) Flower
(ii) Seed
(iii) Fruit
(iv) Branch
Choose the correct answer from below
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
Answer:
(b) (i), (ii) and (iii)

Question 5.
The ovaries of different flowers may contain . [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) only one ovule
(b) many ovules
(c) one to many ovules
(d) only two ovules
Answer:
(c) one to many ovules

Question 6.
Which of the following statements is/are true for sexual reproduction in plants?
(i) Plants are obtained from seeds
(ii) Two plants are always essential
(iii) Fertilisation can occur only after pollination
(iv) Only insects are agents of pollination
Choose from the options given [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) (i) and (iii)
(b) only (i)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (i) and (iv)
Answer:
(a) (i) and (iii)

Question 7.
The fusion of male and female gametes is called
(a) ovulation
(b) population
(c) pollination
(d) fertilisation
Answer:
(d) fertilisation

Question 8.
Which among the following have hairs on seed?
(a) Drumstick
(b) Cotton
(c) Aak
(d) Maple
Answer:
(b) Cotton

Question 9.
Which among the following do not reproduce by vegetative reproduction?
(a) Wheat
(b) Sugarcane
(c) Rose
(d) Jasmine
Answer:
(a) Wheat

Question 10.
The mode of vegetative reproduction where scion and stock are used is called
(a) budding
(b) grafting
(c) cutting
(d) layering
Answer:
(b) grafting

Question 11.
The female gamete of a flowering plant is present in which part?
(a) Ovules
(b) Buds
(c) Pollen
(d) Anther
Answer:
(a) Ovules

Fill in the Blanks

1.The male and female gametes fuse to form a …………… during the process of …………… This grows into an ……………
which is enclosed within a seed. After fertilisation the ovules develop into …………… and the ovary develops into a
…………… [NCERT Exemplar]
2. Roots, stems and leaves are called …………… of a plant.
3. The small bulb like projections coming out from the yeast cell is called a …………… .
4. The scars present on the potato tubers are called …………… .
5. Spirogyra \s an alga which may breaks up into two or more …………… .
6. The …………… is the male reproductive part of flower while …………… is the female reproductive part of a flower.
7. Pollen grains are …………… that can be carried by …………… or …………… .
8. The cells which result after …………… of the gametes is called …………… .
Answers:
1. zygote, fertilisation, embryo, seed, fruit
2. vegetative part
3. bud
4. eye
5. fragments
6. stamen, pistil
7. light, wind, water
8. fusion, zygote

True/False
1. Potato reproduces from seeds.
2. Hibiscus or China rose is a bisexual flower.
3. Jasmine is grown by grafting.
4. Asexual reproduction in yeast takes place by budding.
5. Pollination is the process of fusion of male and female gametes.
6. Fruits are developed from the ripened ovary.
7. Pollen grains are present in anther.
8. Maple seed is dispersed by explosion mechanism.
9. Two individuals are needed for the sexual reproduction.
10. Pistil is the male reproductive part of a flower.
Answers:
1. False, potato reproduces from ‘eyes’ which are buds present on its body.
2. True
3. False, jasmine is grown by layering method of vegetative propagation.
4. True
5. False, pollination is the process of transfer of pollen grains from anther to the stigma of flower.
6. True
7. True
8. False, maple seed is dispersed by wind or water as these seeds are very light and hairy.
9. True
10. False, pistil is the female reproductive part of a flower.

Match the Columns

Question 1.
Match the Column I with Column II

Column 1 Column II

(a) Sugarcane (i) Jasmine

(b) Grafting (ii) Cutting

(c) Scion (iii) Detached body parts

(d) Bryophyllum (iv) Fragmentation

 (e) Layering (v) Vegetative reproduction by roots

(f) Cactus (vi) Spores

(g) Rose (vii) Through stem cutting

(h) Spirogyra (viii) Leaves

(i) Sweet potato (ix) Mango

(i) Bread mould (x) Is the shoot part

Answers
1.
(a)-(vii)
(b)-(ix)
(c)-(x)
(d)-(viii)
(e)-(i)
(f)-(iii)
(g)-(ii)
(h)-(iv)
(i)-(v)
(j)-(vi)

Motion and Time

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Give the basic unit of speed.
Answer:
Metre/second is the basic unit of speed.

Question 2.
Mention which is the most common thing in almost all the clocks.
Answer:
The most common thing in almost all the clocks is that all of them shows periodic motion.

Question 3.
Paheli and Boojho have to cover different distances to reach their school but they take the same time to reach the
school. What can you say about their speed? [NCERT Exemplar; HOTS]
Answer:
They do not have equal speed because they cover unequal distance in equal intervals of time. One of them has
higher speed whom has to cover larger distance with respect to other.
Question 4.
If Boojho covers a certain distance in one hour and Paheli covers the same distance in two hours, who travels with a
higher speed? [NCERT Exemplar; HOTS]
Answer:
Boojho travels with a higher speed as he has covered same distance in lesser time with respect to Paheli.

Question 5.
A simple pendulum is oscillating between two points A and B as shown in figure. Is the motion of the bob uniform or
non-uniform?

Answer:
The motion of bob is non-uniform as it does not cover equal distance in equal intervals of time.

Question 6.
State the characteristic of distance-time graph for the motion of an object moving with a constant speed.
Answer:
The distance-time graph for the motion of an object moving with a constant speed is a straight line inclined on x-axis
at some angles.

Question 7.
Name the axis that represents dependent variable.
Answer:
y-axis represents the dependent variable.

Question 8.
Briefly explain how will decide which object is moving fast and which one is moving slow.
Answer:
If an object covers more distance in equal intervals of time with respect to other, then we can say that object is
moving faster with respect to the other object.

Question 9.
If you did not have a clock, how would you decide what time of the day is? [HOTS]
Answer:
We can decide time of the day without clock by seeing shadow formed by the sun, e.g. at noon, shadow formed by
the sun is shorter than at evening.

Question 10.
State how do we measure time interval of a month.
Answer:
Time interval of a month is measured by one new moon to the next.

Question 11.
Determine the number of seconds there in a day.
Answer:
In a day, we have 24 h
We know that 1 h = 3600 s
So, 24 h = 3600 × 24 = 86400s

Question 12.
Estimate that how many hours are there in a year.
Answer:
In a year, we have 365 days and 1 day = 24 h
So, for 365 days, we have 24 × 365 h = 8760 h

Question 13.
Explain how time was measured when pendulum clocks were not available.
Answer:
Before the discovery of pendulum clocks, sundials, water clocks and sand clocks were used.

Question 14.
A spaceship travels 36000 km in one hour.Express its speed in km/s.
Answer:

Question 15.
Out of the two given clocks, a pendulum clock or a quartz clock. Mention which of the clock between the given ones
requires an electric cell for its working?
Answer:
A quartz clock requires an electric cell for its working.

Question 16.
Name the most ancient unit of time in which it was earlier measured.
Answer:
Solar day is the most ancient unit of time in which it was earlier measured.

Question 17.
State the condition under which the distance-time graph of an object is a horizontal line parallel to the axis of time.
Answer:
When the object is at rest, then the distance-time graph of an object is a horizontal line parallel to the axis of time.

Question 18.
State the factors on which the time period of a simple pendulum depend.
Answer:
The factors on which the time period of a simple pendulum depend are

 Length of the pendulum

 Acceleration due to gravity.

Question 19.
Name the different types of graphs.
Answer:
Different types of graphs are

 Line graph

 Pie chart

 Bar graph

Question 20.
State the way through which we can prepare a pendulum by our own.
Answer:
By suspending a metal ball with the help of a cotton thread and the other end of the thread can be tied to some
different supports, so in this way, we can prepare a pendulum by our own.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Last Sunday, Priyanka decided to go outside with her family for the dinner in some particular restaurant.
Then, she thought to go through her own car. So, while moving she increased the speed of the car from 36 km/h to
54 km/h. All of sudden, a rickshaw came in front of her car but due to applying of brakes at the right time, both of
them got safe from meeting with an accident. [Value Based Question]
(a) Calculate the increase in the speed of the car in the terms of m/s.
(b) Mention a positive action performed by Priyanka here.
Answer:

∴ Increase in speed = Final speed – Initial speed =(15-10) m/s = 5 m/s

(b) Priyanka applied the brakes at a right time while driving the car and prevented her family and the person on
rickshaw from meeting with an accident.

Question 2.
Differentiate between a uniform and non-uniform motion.
Answer:
When a body travels equal distance in an equal interval of time, then the body is said to be in a uniform motion.
When a body travels unequal distance in an equal interval of time, then the body is said to be in non-uniform motion.

Question 3.
Briefly mention how many types of motion are there. Also, name all of them.
Answer:
Different types of motion are there and they can be named as follows

 Periodic motion

 Rolling motion

 Rotatory motion

 Oscillatory and vibratory motions

 Translatory motion

Question 4.
The average age of children of class VII is 12 years and 3 months. Express this age in second. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
Given, the average age of children 12 years and 3 months
1 year = 365 days = 365 × 24 h [1 day = 24 h]
= 365 × 24 × 3600 s [1 h = 3600 s]
12 years = 31536000 s × 12 = 378432000 s
3 months = 30x3days = 30 × 3 × 24h = 30 × 3 × 24 × 3600s = 7776000s
So, total age in second = 378432000 + 7776000 = 386208000s

Question 5.
Plot a distance-time graph of the tip of the second hand of a clock by selecting 4 points on X-axis and /-axis,
respectively. The circumference of the circle traced by the second hand is 64 cm. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:

Time (s) X 15 30 45 60

Distance (cm) Y 16 32 48 64

As, here equal distance is covered in equal intervals of time.

So, graph will be straight line.

Question 6.
With the help of the data given in the following table, show graphically the relationship between the diameter and
circumference of a circle.

Diameter of the circle (cm) Circumference of the circle (cm)

1 3.2

2 6.3

3 9.4

4 12.6

5 15.7

6 18.8

Answer:
With the help of a given data in a tabular form, the graph can be obtained by taking diameter of the circle on the x-
axis and the circumference on y-axis. On x-axis, 1 cm diameter is shown by 1 cm and on the y-axis, 3 cm of
circumference is shown by 1 cm.

Question 7.
Starting from A, Paheli moves along a rectangular path ABCD as shown in figure. She takes 2 min to travel each side.
Plot a distance-time graph and explain whether the motion is uniform or non-uniform.

Answer:
Since, the distance covered per unit time for the entire distance covered is not the same, the motion is a non-uniform
motion.

Question 8.
One day, a five years old boy, Chintoo was playing with his toys in his room. After few minutes, he saw a wristwatch
on his study table, so after seeing it, he got crazy and so much in eager to play with that watch. Then, for 2 to 3 min,
he was trying to analyse it that whether its a toy or something else, then suddenly, he was just about to throw it but
at the same his mother entered into the room and take the watch back immediately from his hand.
(a) State the benefit of a wristwatch.
(b) Briefly mention the values showed by Chintoo’s mother here. [Value Based Question]
Answer:
(a) The wristwatch can be handled very easily to check the time in comparison to the wall clock.
(b) The values showed by Chintoo’s mother here is the concern towards her four years old child and also the concern
towards that wristwatch while considering the importance of money.

Question 9.
The following distance-time graph of three objects (D, E and F) are given (see figure given alongside). What can you
say about the motion of the objects?

Answer:
Since, the distance-time graph of an object D is a straight line therefore, its motion is uniform. Also here, we can see
that the distance-time graph of object E is parallel to x-axis (time-axis), therefore object E is at rest.
As, the distance-time graph of object F is a curved line, therefore the object C is moving with a non-uniform speed
and its motion is non-uniform.

Question 10.
The following figure shows the distance-time graph for the motion of two objects D and E. Which one of them is
moving slower?

Answer:
After studying the figure given alongside, D or E is moving slower as the slope of distance-time graph of E is less than
that of graph D.

Question 11.
The following figure shows the distance-time graph for the motion of two vehicles (C and D). At what time and
distance (from the starting point), they will cross each other.
Answer:
Firstly, draw perpendicular lines from point E on x-axis and y-axis.

The two vehicles (C and D) will meet (or cross) each other at 5:00 PM and after travelling a distance of 4 km.
Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Given below as a figure is the distance-time graph of the motion of
(a) What will be the position of the object at 20 s?
(b) What will be the distance travelled by the object in 12 s?
(c) What is the average speed ofthe object? [NCERT Exemplar]

Answer:
(a) From the graph, it is clear that the distance at 20 s is 8 m.
(b) Distance travelled by the body object in 12 s is 6 m.
(c) As, average speed = Total distance Total time =820=0.4m/s

Question 2.
Boojho goes to the football ground to play football. The distance-time graph of his journey from his home to the
ground is given as figure. [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) What does the graph between points B and C indicate about the motion of Boojho?
(b) Is the motion between 0 to 4 min uniform or non-uniform?
(c) What is his speed between 8 to 12 min of his journey?
Answer:
(a) Since, the graph between B and C is parallel to time-axis, so it indicates that Boojho is at rest.
(b) Since, the graph is not straight line, so it is a non-uniform motion.
(c) As, speed = Distance Time =225−15012−8=754=18.75m/min

Question 3.
Explain by giving example that how can we choose a suitable scale.
Answer:
While choosing the most suitable scale for drawing a graph, we should keep the following points in mind
(i) The difference between the highest and lowest values of each quantity.
(ii) The intermediate values of each quantity so that with the scale chosen, it is easy to mark the values on the graph.
(iii) To utilise the maximum part of the paper on which the graph is to be drawn, assume that we have a graph paper
of size 25 cm x 25 cm and we have to accommodate following data:

Time (AM) Odometer reading Distance from the starting point

8:00 AM 36540 km 0 km

8:30 AM 36560 km 20 km

9:00 AM 36580 km 40 km

9:30 AM 36600 km 60 km
 10:00 AM 36620 km 80 km

Since, one of the scales will be

Distance 5 km = 1 cm and Time 6 min = 1 cm

Question 4.
Distance between Bholu’s and Golu’s house is 9 km. Bholu has to attend Golu’s birthday party at 7 O’ clock. He
started his journey from his home at 6 O’ clock on his bicycle and covered a distance of 6 km in 40 min. At that point,
he met Chintu and he spoke to him for 5 min and reached Golu’s birthday party at 7 O’ clock. With what speed, did
he cover the second part of the journey? Calculate-his average speed for the entire journey. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
From the question, Bholu covers 3 km distance in 15 min.

Question 5.
The given data regarding the motion of two different objects C and D is in a tabular form. Check them carefully and
state whether the motion of the objects is uniform or non-uniform.

Time Distance travelled by C (in m) Distance travelled by D (in m)

9:30 AM 10 12

9:45 AM 20 19

10:00 AM 30 23

10:15 AM 40 35

10:30 AM 50 37

10:45 AM 60 41
 11:00 AM 70 44

Answer:
We can check the motion of the objects C and D by plotting the distance-time graph for the two objects.

Graph the object C on x-axis

Scale 1 cm = 15 min and on y-axis 1 cm = 10 m
Since, the distance-time graph of the object C is a straight line. Therefore, its motion is uniform.
Graph of object D
Scale On x-axis, 1 cm = 15 min, On y-axis 1 cm=5m

Since, the distance-time graph of the object D is not a straight line, therefore, its motion is non-uniform.

Motion and Time Class 7 Science Extra Questions Miscellaneous Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
What is the relation between distance and speed?
(a) Distance = Speed × Time
(b) Distance = Speed/Time
(c) Distance = Time/Speed
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(a) Distance = Speed × Time
Question 2.
Two students were asked to plot a distance-time graph for the motion described by Table A and Table B. [NCERT
Exemplar]

Distance moved (m) 0 10 20 30 40 50

Time (min) 0 2 4 6 8 10

Distance moved (m) 0 5 10 15 20 25

Time (min) 0 1 2 3 4 5

The graph given in figure is true for

(a) Both A and B
(b) Only A
(c) Only B
(d) Neither A nor B
Answer:
(a) Since, speed is constant for A and S, so graph for A and 6 will be a straight line.

Question 3.
How will you convert the speed given in km/h to m/s?
(a) By multiplying with 5/16
(b) By multiplying with 6/5
(c) By multiplying with 18/5
(d) By multiplying with 5/18
Answer:
(d) Conversion of km/h into m/s

Question 4.
On which axis is dependent variable represented?
(a) x-axis
(b) y-axis
(c) On any axis
(d) Depends on the data
Answer:
(b) y-axis
Question 5.
If we denote speed by S, distance by D and time by T, the relationship between these Quantities is [NCERT Exemplar]

Answer:
(d) S=1T×D

Question 6.
Which one records the distance travelled by a vehicle?
(a) Speedometer
(b) Manometer
(c) Motometer
(d) Odometer
Answer:
(d) Odometer

Question 7.
The correct symbol to represent the speed of an object is
(a) 5 m/s
(b) 5 mp
(c) 5 m/s-1
(d) 5 s/m
Answer:
(a) 5 m/s

Question 8.
The distance-time graph for the motion of an object moving with a constant speed is
(a) a curved line leaving towards x-axis
(b) a curved line inclined towards y-axis
(c) a straight line inclined at some angles towards x-axis
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(c) a straight line inclined at some angles towards x-axis

Question 9.
Figure shows an oscillating pendulum.

Time taken by the bob to move from A to C is t1 and from C to O is t2. The time period of this simple pendulum is
[NCERT Exemplar]
(a) (t1 + t2)
(b) 2(t1 + t2)
(c) 3 (t1 + t2)
(d) 4(t1 + t2)
Answer:
(d)As from A to O, 14th time of one full cycle of time is required, so time period will be 4 (t1 + t2.
Question 10.
The distance-time graph for a vehicle standing on a road side will be
(a) straight line inclined by some angle to x-axis
(b) straight line parallel to x-axis
(c) straight line parallel to y-axis
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) straight line parallel to x-axis

Question 11.
Boojho walks to his school which is at a distance of 3 km from his home in 30 min. On reaching, he finds that the
school is closed and comes back by a bicycle with his friend and reaches home in 20 min. His average speed in km/h
is [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) 8.3
(b) 7.2
(c) 5
(d) 3.6
Answer:
(b) Given, total distance = 3+ 3 = 6km, total time = 30 + 20 = 50 min

Question 12.
A bus travels 54 km in 90 min. The speed of the bus is
(a) 0.6 m/s
(b) 10 m/s
(c) 5.4 m/s
(d) 3.6 m/s
Answer:

Question 13.
Observe the given figure.

The time period of a simple pendulum is the time taken by it to travel from
(a) A to 8 and back to A
(b) O to A, A to 8 and 8 to A
(c) 8 to A, A to 8 and 8 to O
(d) A to 8
Answer:
(a) Time period of a simple pendulum is the total time taken to complete one full cycle.

Question 14.
Which of the following cannot be used for the measurement of time? [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) A leaking tap
(b) Simple pendulum
(c) Shadow of an object during the day
(d) Blinking of eyes
Answer:
(d) Blinking of eyes

Question 15.
Two clocks A and B are shown in figure. Clock A has an hour and a minute hand whereas clock B has an hour hand,
minute hand as well as a second hand. Which of the following statement is correct for these clocks? [NCERT
Exemplar]

(a) A time interval of 30 s can be measured by clock A.

(b) A time interval of 30 s cannot be measured by clock B
(c) Time interval of 5 min can be measured by both A and B
(d) Time interval of 4 min 10 s can be measured by clock A
Answer:
(c) Time interval of 5 min can be measured by both A and B

Fill in the Blanks

1. The distance covered by an object in a ……………….. is called its speed.
2. Time between one sunrise and the next sunrise was called a ……………….. .
3. In a simple pendulum, the metallic ball suspended by thread is called its ……………….. .
4. Time period of a pendulum depends on its ……………….. .
5. The symbols of all units are written in ……………….. .
6. A ……………….. is one billionth of a second.
7. Motion of objects can be represented in the pictorial form by their ……………….. graph.
8. The distance-time graph for the motion of an object moving with a constant speed is a ………………..
Answers:
1. unit time
2. day
3. bob
4. length
5. singular
6. nanosecond
7. distance-time
8. straight line

True/False
1. The motion of a spinning top is rotational motion.
2. The smallest time interval that can be measured with commonly available clocks and watches is one second.
3. The time period of simple pendulum is not constant.
4. Faster vehicle has a higher speed.
5. All the clocks make use of some periodic motion.
6. The basic unit of speed is km/h.
7. The symbols of all units are written in singular.
8. The basic unit of time is second.
9. The distance-time graph of standing vehicle is a straight line parallel to x-axis.
10. Periodic events are used for the measurement of time.
Answers:
1. True
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. True
6. False, the basic unit of speed is m/s
7. True
8. True
9. True
10. True

Match the Columns

Question 1.
Match the Column I with Column II.

Column I Column II

(a) Years (i) rotation period of the earth on its axis

(b) Hour (ii) time to complete 100 m race

(c) Minute (iii) gestation period in humans

(d) Days (iv) age of a person

(e) Second (v) in scientific research

(f) Month (vi) time to reach your school

(g) Microseconds (vii) train reaches from one city to other

Answers:
1.
(a)-(iv)
(b)-(viii)
(c)-(vi)
(d)-(i)
(e)-(ii)
(f)-(iii)
(g)-(v)

Electric Current and Its Effects

Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Mention the name of the two devices that work on the basis of magnetic effects of current.
Answer:
The devices that work on the basis of magnetic effects of current are loudspeaker and electric bell.

Question 2.
Name the device used these days in place of eiectric fuses in electrical circuits.
Answer:
The device used in these days in place of electric fuse is MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker).

Question 3.
State the property of a conducting wire is utilised in making electric fuse. INCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
Electric fuse wire is made up of special material which has low melting point. As if high amount of current is passed,
it melts to disconnect the electric circuit and prevent us from causing any damage.

Question 4.
Explain why are CFLs (Compact Fluorescent Lamps) preferred over electric bulbs. [NCERT Exemplar; HOTS]
Answer:
Compact fluorescent lamps are preferred over electric bulbs because electric bulbs use more power of electricity and
it also losses electrical energy in the form of heat but it is not so in compact fluorescent lamps.

Question 5.
Name the type of mark for which we should look at an electrical appliance before buying, [HOTS]
Answer:
ISI mark is a mark for which we should look at an electrical appliance before buying.

Question 6.
Briefly mention which part of the symbol of battery shows positive and negative terminals?
Answer:

The positive terminal is represented by longer vertical line while negative terminal is represented by shorter vertical
line.

Question 7.
Briefly state the effects of electricity.
Answer:
The three effects of electricity are

 Chemical effect

 Heating effect

 Magnetic effect

Question 8.
When does a circuit is said to be overloaded?
Answer:
It is overloaded by connecting too many devices to it. When too many devices get connected, then a circuit is said to
be overloaded.

Question 9.
Why is an electric fuse required in all electrical appliance? [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
Electric fuse is required in all electrical appliances to prevent damage from excessive current flow and during short
circuit.
Question 10.
Give the name any two electrical appliances in which electromagnets are used.
Answer:
Electric fan and electrical motor are the electrical appliances in which electromagnets are used.

Question 11.
Paheli does not have a night lamp in her room. She covered the bulb of her room with a towel in the night to get dim
light. Has she taken the right step? Give one reason to justify your answer. [NCERT Exemplar; HOTS]
Answer:
No, she has not taken the right step. Because due to excessive heat of bulb, the towel may burn and it also results in
the wastage of electrical energy.

Question 12.
The nails attract the pins. Comment.
Answer:
When the current is passed through the wire wound on the nail, it behave as electromagnet. Due to this reason, the
nails attract the pins.

Question 13.
Name the scientist who discovered the magnetic effect of electric current.
Answer:
The scientist who discovered the magnetic effect of electric current is Hans Christian Oersted.

Question 14.
If the filament of the bulb is broken, would the circuit be complete? Would the bulb still glow?
Answer:
If the filament of the bulb is broken, the circuit will not be complete.
So, the bulb will not glow.

Question 15.
Name some electric appliances where the heating effect of the electric current is used.
Answer:
Some of the electric appliances where the heating effect of the electric current is used are electric heater, geyser,
micro-oven, room heater, boiler, etc.

Question 16.
If the current through the coil stops flowing. Will the coil remain an electromagnet?
Answer:
When the current through the coil stops flowing, the coil does not remain an electromagnet.

Question 17.
State whether the bulb glows when the circuit is opened.
Answer:
No, the bulb does not glow when the circuit is opened. The bulb glows only when the circuit is closed.

Question 18.
What happens to the current in a circuit at the time of short circuit?
Answer:
The value of the current in a circuit increases heavily at the time of short circuit.

Question 19.
We should not touch the lighted bulb. Explain, why.
Answer:
The lighted bulb connected to main supply should not be touched by our hand directly, as a lighted bulb can be very
hot and can burn our hand as well.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name two electric devices for each where
(a) heating effect of current is used and
(b) magnetic effect of current is used. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
(a) Heating effect of current is used in electric heater and geyser.
(b) Magnetic effect of current is used in electric bell and cranes to lift heavy magnetic materials from one place to
other.

Question 2.
Why do we cover plug pinholes which are within the reach of children with cellotape or a plastic cover when not in
use? [NCERT Exemplar; HOTS]
Answer:
We do cover plug pinholes which are within the reach of children with cellotape or plastic cover to avoid electric
shocks. If unconsciously, a child puts his finger in the electric socket, the shock may be fatal.

Question 3.
Can we use the same fuse in a geyser and a television set? Explain. [NCERT Exemplar; HOTS]
Answer:
No, we cannot use same fuse in a geyser and in a television set because the fuse used in every appliances has some
limit to withstand the current flows through it. So, different appliances have different fuses.

Question 4.
If cells are placed side by side. Then, how are the terminals of the cells connected?
Answer:
If cells are placed side by side, then with the help of some connecting wires, the positive terminal of one cell is
connected to the negative terminal of other to produce a combined power of all cells which can be called a battery.

Question 5.
Explain how a battery can be constructed.
Answer:
As we know that a battery is a combination of two or more cells and it can be constructed by placing cells property
on cell holder in such a way that the positive terminal of one cell is connected to the negative terminal of other.
A piece of wire is connected to each of the two metal clips on the cells holder.

Question 6.
Distinguish between an open circuit and a closed circuit.
Answer:
Difference between an open circuit and a closed circuit

Open (Electric) circuit Closed (Electric) circuit

An open electric circuit is or electric path which begins A closed circuit is an electric path which begins from the
from the positive terminal of a battery or cell, gets broken positive terminal of a cell or battery and terminates at its
at some point. negative terminal without any break.

Question 7.
Boojho made an electromagnet by winding 50 turns of wire over an iron screw. Paheli also made an electromagnet
by winding 100 turns over a similar iron screw. Which electromagnet will attract more pins? Give reason. [NCERT
Exemplar; HOTS]
Answer:
Since the magnetic effect directly depends on the number of turns of the coil. As, Paheli’s coil has more number of
turns than Boojho. So, her electromagnet is stronger than Boojho.
So, electromagnet of Paheli attracts more pins as compared to Boojho.
Question 8.
Does the electric current have other effect except heating? Name it.
Answer:
Yes, electric current have other effect except heating, i.e. magnetic effect of current.
When electric current is passed through a coil, there is a magnetic field developed around the coil or wire, if
magnetic compass is placed near by, it deflects the magnetic needle.

Question 9.
Explain the following.
(a) Copper and aluminium wires are usually employed for electricity transmission. Explain the reason.
(b) Explain how does the resistance of a wire vary with its length.
(c) The tungsten is used almost exclusively for filament of electric lamp. Comment.
Answer:
(a) Due to the low resistance and strength of aluminium and coppers, both these metals are usually employed for the
transmission of electricity.
(b) There is always an increase in the length of the wire with the increase in its resistance.
(c) Since tungsten has high melting point and high resistance. So, that is why, the tungsten is used exclusively for
filament of electric lamp.

Question 10.
If we connect more cells in the circuit, then what will happen?
Answer:
If we connect more of cells in the circuit, then the nail will attract more pins. It is due to the reason that the current
flowing through the wire wound on the nail will get increase which in turn will increase the strength of the
electromagnet.

Question 11.
Electromagnets are better than permanent magnets. Explain why.
Answer:
An electromagnet can be switched OFF or switched ON as desired and this is not possible in the permanent magnets.
That is why the electromagnets are better than the permanent magnets.

Question 12.
If the current flows through wire, does the wire behave like a magnet?
Answer:
When the current flows through any wire, a magnetic field is developed around that wire or coil and it behaves like
magnet. It can be analysed by placing a magnetic compass around the wire, it will show deflection of the needle.

Question 13.
If current is passed through a coil, does the pins cling to the coil?
Answer:
When an electric current is passed through a coil, it gets magnetised due to phenomena of magnetic effect of
current. When magnetic materials such as pins are placed near to it. It gets attracted by the coil or we can say that
pins cling to the coil.

Question 14.
Batteries used in tractors, trucks and inverters are also made from cells. Then why it is called a battery? [HOTS]
Answer:
The cell is the unit of battery when more than one cell are combined together, it forms a battery. In trucks, tractors
and inverters, cells are internally arranged and we need not to connect it externally, so we called it as batteries.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
One day, Pinki was ironing the clothes in her room. After half an iron of ironing, the light went off and Pinki went
outside to the lobby of her house to check it there was any problem in the household circuit. At the same time, she
listened the voice of her 4 years old daughter from the same room where she was ironing the clothes. Her daughter
was about to touch the hot electric iron but at the same moment, Pinki entered in the room and pushed her
daughter back from that place.
(a) On which effect of electric current, does the electric iron works?
(b) Mention the values showed by Pinki here. [Value Based Question]
Answer:
(a) The electric iron works on the basis of heating effect of electric current.
(b) The values showed by Pinki here is a great concern and love towards her own 4 years old daughter.

Question 2.
Explain with the help of a diagram, how does the magnetic effect of electric current help in the working of an electric
bell.
Answer:
In order to ring the bell first of all we press the push button switch in order to ring the bell. So, when we press the
switch, then the electric circuit of the bell is completed and a current passes through the coil of the electromagnet
and it gets magnetised. The electromagnet attracts the iron armature towards itself.

So, as the armature moves towards the poles of the electromagnet, the clapper attached to it strikes the gong and
produces a ringing sound. It implies that the bell rings.

When the armature moves towards the magnet, its contact with the contact screw is broken. Due to this, the electric
circuit breaks and no current flows in the electromagnet coil. The electromagnet loses its magnetism for a moment
and the armature is no longer attracted by it. The flat spring brings back the iron armature to its original position and
the clapper also moves away from the gong.

As soon as the armature comes back and touches the contact screw the circuit is completed and current starts
flowing in the electromagnet coil again. The electromagnet attracts the iron armature once again and the clapper
strikes the gong again producing a ringing sound.

So, this process of ‘make and break’ of the electric circuit continues as long as we are pressing the switch. Due to this,
the armature vibrates forwards and backwards rapidly each time making the clapper strike the gong. Thus, the
clapper strikes the gong rapidly producing almost continuous sound.

Question 3.
State one measure to avoid overloading in an electrical circuit. Also mention the name given to a situation in which
the live and the neutral wires accidently come in contact. Describe the role of a safety device in this situation.
Answer:
Overloading can be avoided if too many appliances are not connected to a single socket. Short circuiting is a name
given to a situation in which the live and the neutral wires accidently come in contact.

Electric fuse is a safety device. When a short circuit takes place or when overloading takes place, then the current
becomes large and heats the fuse wire too much and thus, it gets melted and circuit breaks which prevents the
damage of the wiring and electrical appliances.

Question 4.
Paheli took a wire of length 10 cm. Boojho took a wire of 5 cm of the same material and thickness both of them
connected with wires as shown in the circuit given in figure. The current flowing in both the circuits is the same.
(a) Will the heat produced in both the cases be equal? Explain.
(b) Will the heat produced be the same, if the wires taken by them are of equal lengths but of different thickness?
Explain.

Answer:
(a) No, the amount of heat produced in both the wires will be different because amount of heat produced in a wire
on passing electric current depends on the length of wire and here length is different for both the wires.
(b) No, the amount of heat produced in the wire of same length but different thickness cannot be same because
amount of heat produced in a wire also depends on the thickness of the wire.

Question 5.
Last Sunday, Pulpit was playing videotape in his room. While playing, the electricity of his house went off due to
which he could not able to see anything around him. Then anyhow, he managed to get his mobile in his hand and
with the help of its light, he went outside of his room to check if there was any problem in the electric circuit board
of his house.
At the same time, his father suggested him to maintain the distance from the circuit board and decided to call some
electrician to check the problem.
(a) Explain, what happens when live wire and neutral wire touches each other directly?
(b) State the values here showed by Pulkit’s father. [Value Bated Question]
Answer:
(a) When live and neutral wire touches each other directly then it leads to short circuit in which the large amount of
current flows through the household wiring and this large current may heat the wires to a dangerously high
temperature and a fire may be started.
(b) Pulkit’s father seems very sensible in taking the decisions and he showed a very great concern towards his son.

Electric Current and Its Effects Class 7 Science Extra Questions Miscellaneous Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Choose the statement which is not correct in the case of an electric fuse. [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) Fuses are inserted in electric circuits of all buildings
(b) There is a maximum limit on the current which can safely flow through the electric circuits
(c) There is a minimum limit on the current which can safely flow in the electric circuits
(d) If a proper fuse is inserted in a circuit it will below off if current exceeds the safe limit
Answer:
(c) There is a minimum limit on the current which can safely flow in the electric circuits

Question 2.
Circuit breaker device which can be used in place of fuse in domestic electric wiring is called
(a) DCB
(b) MCD
(c) MCB
(d) BCM
Answer:
(c) MCB

Question 3.
If the number of turns in the coil of an electromagnet is more, the strength of the electromagnet will be
(a) lesser
(b) greater
(c) double
(d) same
Answer:
(b) greater

Question 4.
When an electric current flows through a copper wire AB s shown in figure, the wire [NCERT Exemplar]

(a) deflects a magnetic needle placed near it

(b) becomes red hot
(c) gives electric shock
(d) behaves like a fuse
Answer:
(a) deflects a magnetic needle placed near it

Question 5.
Which of the following precautions need not be taken while using electric gadgets/ appliances/circuit? [NCERT
Exemplar]
(a) We should never touch a lighted electric bulb connected to the mains
(b) We should never do experiment with the electric supply from the mains or a generator or an inverter
(c) We should never use just any wire or strip of metal in place of a fuse
(d) We should never turn the switch in ON position
Answer:
(d) We should never turn the switch in ON position

Question 6.
When a switch is in OFF position, [NCERT Exemplar]
(i) circuit starting from the positive terminal of the cell stops at the switch
(ii) circuit is open
(iii) no current flows through it
(iv) current flows after sometime
Choose the combination of correct answer from the following.
(a) All are correct
(b) (ii) and (iii) are correct
(c) Only (iv) is correct
(d) (i) and (ii) are correct
Answer:
(b) (ii) and (iii) are correct

Question 7.
Which of the following characteristic is most suitable material for making the care of an electromagnet?
(a) Brass
(b) Aluminium
(c) Iron
(d) Steel
Answer:
(c) Iron

Question 8.
A battery is a combination of
(a) only single cell
(b) only two cells
(c) two or more cells
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(c) two or more cells

Question 9.
The coil of wire contained in heater is known as
(a) circuit
(b) component
(c) spring
(d) element
Answer:
(d) element

Fill in the Blanks

1. Our body is a ……………… of electricity.
2. An electric cell produces electricity from the ……………… in it. [NCERT Exemplar]
3. In an electric circuit, a fuse is a ………………, ……………… to prevent possible fire.
4. A combination of two or more cells is called a ……………… . [NCERT Exemplar]
5. The core of an electromagnet is made from ……………… .
Answers:
1. good conductor
2. chemicals stored
3. safety device
4. battery
5. iron

True/False
1. CFLs consume more electricity than an ordinary bulb.
2. A fuse is used to save energy in the electric circuits.
3. When an electric current flows through a wire, it behaves like a magnet.
4. The key or switch can be placed anywhere in the circuit.
5. A car battery is just one big cell.
6. MCB works on the magnetic effect of current.
7. The element of an electric iron is made of tungsten.
8. Electric fuse is based on the magnetic effect of electric current.
Answers:
1. False, since CFLs consume less electricity than electric bulb.
2. False, an electric fuse is used to prevent an electrical circuit from overloading and hence short circuit.
3. True
4. True
5. False, a car battery is a combination of cells.
6. True
7. False, as the element of an electric bulb is made of tungsten.
8. False, because electric fuse is based on the heating effects of electric current.

Match the Columns

Question 1.
Match the statements in Column I with those in Column II.

Column I Column II

(a) A magnetic device used for finding geographic directions (i) Magnetic needle

(b) A device which is essential in an electric bell (ii) Electromagnet

(c) A fuse used in expensive and sensitive electric devices (iii) Cartridge fuse

(d) An alloy used as a material of fuse wir (iv) Fusible alloy

(e) A material used for making filament of a bulb (v) Tungsten

(f) A material which does not allow the electric current to pass (vi) Wax

(g)A material used for making electromagnets (vii) Soft iron

Answers
1.
(a)-(ii)
(b)-(i)
(c)-(iv)
(d)-(iii)
(e)-(v)
(f)-(vi)
(g)-(vii)

Light
Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Briefly mention whether mirror change the direction of light.
Answer:
Yes, when a ray of light is incident on the mirror surface, then the mirror changes the direction of light.

Question 2.
The image formed by a lens is always virtual, erect and smaller in size for an object kept at different positions in front
of it. Identify the nature of the lens. (NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
Such types of lenses which always form virtual, erect and smaller image in spite of the different positions of an object
are called concave lens.

Question 3.
Observe the given figures carefully.

The given figures show the path of light through lenses of two different types represented by rectangular boxes A and
B. What is the nature of lenses A and B ? [NCERT Examplar]
Answer:
Since, in first case light rays are converging towards a point, so the lens A will be convex and in case of lens 8, light
rays diverge or spread out. So, the lens will be concave lens.

Question 4.
Name the colours include in the composition of sunlight.
Answer:
As we know that sunlight consists of mixture of seven colours (i.e. VIBGYOR).

Question 5.
In the formation of a rainbow, what acts as tiny prisms?
Answer:
In the formation of a rainbow, the raindrops suspended in the atmosphere acts as tiny prism.

Question 6.
Briefly mention what makes things visible to us.
Answer:
When a light ray falls on an object, then reflected light ray which comes from the object when A falls on our eys,
allows us to see things around us.

Question 7.
Name the type of lens which diverges a beam of parallel rays of light.
Answer:
The lens which diverges a beam of parallel rays of light is a concave lens.

Question 8.
Is the image formed by a plane mirror is always upright?
Answer:
Yes, the image formed by the plane mirror is always upright.

Question 9.
Explain why are concave and convex mirrors called spherical mirrors.
Answer:
Concave and convex mirrors are the parts of sphere whose one side is polished or silvered. So, they are called
spherical mirrors.

Question 10.
Is it possible to obtain the image on the screen when the candle is too closed to the concave mirror?
Answer:
No, when the candle is too closed to the concave mirror.

Question 11.
Can you get a real image at any distance of the object from the convex mirror?
Answer:
No, we cannot get a real image for any position of an object from the mirror because convex mirror always forms
virtual, erect and diminished image in spite of the position of object.

Question 12.
Can you name the mirrors used as side mirrors in scooters?
Answer:
Yes, in the side mirror of scooters, convex mirror is used to have a wider field of view of the traffic.

Question 13.
Explain why concave mirror is known as a converging mirror.
Answer:
Concave mirror is known as a converging mirror because it converges a beam of parallel rays of light (reflecting from
it) at one point.

Question 14.
Name the phenomenon that is involved in the formation of image of an object by a concave mirror.
Answer:
Reflection of light is the name of a phenomenon which is involved in the formation of image of an object by a
concave mirror.

Question 15.
Mention the type of image formed on a cinema screen.
Answer:
Real image is an image which is formed on a cinema screen.

Question 16.
As we know that an image is formed by the actual intersection of rays and can be obtained on the screen. So, state
whether it is real or virtual image.
Answer:
Since, after the actual intersection of rays, the image obtained on the screen is always real image.

Question 17.
State in brief about the term lens.
Answer:
A transparent material which is bounded by both or one spherical surface is known as a lens.

Question 18.
Name the phenomenon that is involved in the formation of image of an object by a convex lens.
Answer:
Refraction of light is the name of a phenomenon which is involved in the formation of image of an object by a convex
lens.

Question 19.
Give the form of energy that produces the sensation of vision.
Answer:
Light energy is the form of energy which produces the sensation of vision.

Question 20.
What type of mirror is used as a side mirror in a scooter? Why is this type of mirror chosen? [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
Convex mirror is used as a side mirror in a scooter because it can form images of objects spread over a larger area.
So, this helps the driver to view the traffic over a large area behind them.

Question 21.
Briefly mention how many types of lens are there. Explain each of them.
Answer:
There are two types of lenses.
The lens which is thinner in the middle than at the edges is called a concave lens while the lens
which is thicker in the middle than at the edges is called a convex lens.

Question 22.
Consider if one half of a convex lens is covered with a black paper, then state whether this lens produces a complete
image of the object.
Answer:
If one half of a convex lens is covered with a black paper, then yes, the convex lens will produce the complete image
of the object.

Question 23.
Briefly tell that how many reflected rays can be obtained from a single incident ray in respect of a plane mirror.
Answer:
For a single incident ray, there will be only one reflected ray that can be obtained in respect of a plane mirror.

Question 24.
State in brief what we can demonstrate by rotating Newton’s colour disc very fastly.
Answer:
By rotating Newton’s colour disc, we can demonstrate that when seven colours are mixed together, then a white
colour is formed.

Question 25.
Mention the name of lens whioh can converge the sun’s rays to a point and burn a hole in the piece of paper. (HOTS]
Answer:
Convex lens is a lens which can converge the sun’s rays to a point and burn a hole in the piece of paper.

Question 26.
An erect and enlarged image of an object is formed on a screen. Explain how this could be possible.
Answer:
An erect and enlarged image of an object is formed only by the concave mirror or convex lens when object is inverted
and placed between F and 2F.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
The distance between an object and a convex lens is changing. It is noticed that the size of the image formed on a
screen is decreasing. Is the object moving in a direction towards the lens or away from it? (NCERT Examplar; HOTS]
Answer:
In case of convex lens, when we move the object far away from the lens, the size of image decreases and ultimately,
when object is at infinity, it will form a point image at focus.

Question 2.
Two different types of lenses are placed on a sheet of newspaper. How will you identify them without touching?
[HOTS]
Answer:
On identifying the letters of newspaper, we can differentiate the two types of lenses.
If image is large or magnified, then the lens is a convex lens and if the image is smaller or diminished in size for all the
positions of object, then the lens is concave .

Question 3.
Briefly state the characteristics of image formed by a plane mirror.
Answer:
Characteristics of the Images Formed by a Plane Mirror
Now, we will describe the various characteristics of the images formed in a plane mirror by taking the example of the
image of the candle.

 When we see the mirror, the image of candle appears to be formed behind the mirror.
  Now, pW a vertical screen behind the plane mirror (where the image of candle appears to be situated), then
we will notice that the image of candle cannot be formed on the screen. Even if the screen is placed in front
of the plane mirror, then the image of candle cannot be formed on the screen. Since, the image of candle
formed in the plane mirror cannot be formed on a screen, which means that the image of candle in the plane
mirror is a virtual image.

 If we see the figure, then we will find that the length and breadth of the image of the candle and its flame to
be the same as that of the original candle and its flame. The image of candle in the plane mirror is of the
same size as the original candle.

 Also if we see the figure, then we will find that the candle has a flame at the top and the image of candle also
has a flame at the top. So, the top of candle remains at the top in the image. In the same way, the bottom of
candle remains at the bottom in an image. Such an image is called an erect image (or upright image).
Therefore, the image formed by a plane mirror is erect.

Question 4.
The side mirror of a scooter got broken. The mechanic replaced it with a plane mirror. Mention any inconvenience
that the driver of the scooter will face while using it. [NCERT Examplar; HOTS]
Answer:
As we know that the side mirror of a scooter must be of convex mirror so that we can view a wide range of traffic
spread over a large area. But if plane mirror is used, we are not able to see large area of traffic which may be difficult
for driving vehicle and can cause accident.

Question 5.
We need a shiny surface for reflection. Explain why.
Answer:
Since, the extent of reflection depends upon the shine and smoothness of the surface. So, greater the shining and
smoothness of the surface, greater will be the reflection. So, this is a reason why we require a shiny surface for
reflection.

Question 6.
Differentiate between a plane mirror, concave mirror and a convex mirror without touching them.
Answer:
These mirrors can be differentiated by bringing our face close to each mirror turn by turn. Since, a plane mirror will
produce an image of the same size as our face while a concave mirror will produce a magnified image and our face
will look much bigger and on other sides, a convex mirror will produce a diminished image and our face will look
much smaller like a small child.

Question 7.
The concave reflecting surface of a torch got rusted. What effect would this have on the beam of light from the
torch? [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
If the reflecting surface of a torch got rusted, it produces diffused light with lower intensity and the objects are not
clearly visible in this diffused and lower intensity of light.

Question 8.
Mention the type of image
(a) which can be formed on the screen.
(b) which cannot be formed on the screen.
Answer:
(a) The image which can be formed on the screen is real image.
(b) The image which cannot be formed on the screen is virtual image.

Question 9.
Mention any two letters of English alphabet whose image formed in a plane mirror appears exactly similar to the
letters.
Answer:
Since, image formed by the plane mirror shows lateral inversion, i.e. left seems to right or vice-versa. But in the case
of alphabets A and H, these letters show the same image in the plane mirror.

Question 10.
A shopkeeper wanted to fix a mirror which will give a maximum view of his shop. What type of mirror should he use?
Give reason.
[NCERT Exemplar; HOTS]
Answer:
If a shopkeeper wanted to fix a mirror which will give him maximum view of his shop, he should use convex mirror.
In case of convex mirror, it will give a wider field of view, i.e. it can collect light from a large area spread over them.

Question 11.
State the correct sequence (1-7) of colours in the spectrum formed by the prisms A and B shown in the figure.

Answer:
When a white light is passed through a prism, it disperses into its seven constituent colours.

Question 12.
Suppose we wish to obtain the real image of a distant tree. Explain two possible ways in which we can do it. [NCERT
Exemplar]
Answer:

 In first case, we will use a concave mirror, as we know that concave mirror can form real image, i.e. image on
screen. The image of distant tree will be at focus in case of concave mirror.

 In second case, we can use a convex lens as it forms real image of a distant object at focus, i. e. image of
distant tree in case of convex lens will be formed at focus.

Question 13.
Explain the term lateral inversion.
Answer:
When an image is formed by the mirror in such a way that the left side of image is object’s right side and right side of
image is object’s left side. So, this process of change in the sides of the object as well as of image is known as lateral
inversion.

Question 14.
State the characteristics of images formed by a concave mirror.
Answer:
The characteristics of image formed by a concave mirror are:
  The image formed by a concave mirror is not always the same size as the object. It can be either larger or
smaller depending on the distance of the object to the mirror.

 The image formed by a concave mirror is inverted when the object is kept far from the mirror. So, when it is
brought very close to the concave mirror, then an erect and enlarged image is formed.

Question 15.
Boojho made light from a laser torch to fall on a prism. Will he be able to observe a band of seven colours? Explain
with a reason. [NCERT Exemplar; HOTS]
Answer:
No, he will not observe band of seven colours because laser light consists of monochromatic light of single colour.
But seven colours of bands are only observed, when a white light is passed through a prism and dispersion takes
place.

Question 16.
Briefly explain why in ambulance words are written laterally inverted. [HOTS]
Answer:
In case of mirror, the image formed by it is laterally inverted, i.e. left seems to be right and right seems to be left. So,
in ambulance there is emergency for patients to reach hospital and by viewing in rear mirror, it can be easily
identified of a vehicle and everyone give him a way.

Question 17.
Assume, a person is standing in front of a plane mirror. The distance between the mirror and his image is 6 m. If the
person moves 2 m towards the plane mirror, what would be the distance between the person and his image? [HOTS]
Answer:
Since, the image is 6m away from the plane mirror. So, it means that the object is also 6m away from the mirror.

[Because OP = PI]
So, when the person moves 2 m towards the plane mirror, then the distance between the person and the plane
mirror will be equal to (6 m – 2 m) = 4 m, this means that distance between the image and the mirror will be 4m.

The distance between the person and his image = PO’+ PI’= 4 + 4 = 8m

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain with the help of an activity that when seven colours are mixed together, then white colour is formed.
Answer:
Firstly, take a circular cardboard disc of about 10 cm diameter, then divide this disc into seven equal segments and
paint the seven colours of white light (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet) on these segments (as
shown in figure given ). Instead of painting the segments, we can also paste seven coloured papers on these
segments. So, this disc painted with the seven colours of spectrum is called Newton’s disc. Now, make a small hole at
the centre of the disc.
Fix the disc loosely on the tip of a refill of a ball pen. Be confirm that the disc can rotate freely. Now, rotate the disc
quickly in day light. So, when the disc is rotated very fast, then all the seven colours mix together due to which the
disc appears to be white (see figure). Therefore, the rapid rotation of Newton’s colour disc tells us that mixing of
seven colours of the spectrum can give us white light.

Question 2.
It was observed that when the distance between an object and a lens decreases, the size of the image increases.
What is the nature of this lens? If you keep on decreasing the distance between the object and the lens, will you still
able to obtain the image on the screen? Explain. [NCERT Exemplar; HOTS]
Answer:
On decreasing the distance between the object and lens, the size of the image increases, the nature of the lens will
be convex type.
If the distance between object and lens is less than the focus of the lens, then it forms a virtual image and this image
cannot be obtained on a screen but formed on the same side of the object.

Question 3.
Give the definition dispersion of light. Also, explain why does it take place? Draw a diagram to show the dispersion of
white light by a glass prism.
Answer:
In the year 1665, Newton discovered by his experiments with glass prisms that white light (like sunlight) consists of a
mixture of lights of seven colours. Newton found that if a beam of white light is passed through a glass prism, then
the white light splits to form a band of seven colours on a white screen . The band of seven colours formed on a
white screen, when a beam of white light is passed through a glass prism, is known as spectrum of white light. The
seven colours of the spectrum are Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo and Violet .

So, dispersion of light is phenomenon of splitting up of white light into seven colours on passing through a
transparent medium like a glass prism. The formation of spectrum of seven colours indicates that white light is a
mixture of seven colours. White light can be sunlight. So, now we can say that the sunlight consists of seven colours.
We can mix these colours to get white light. This can be done by using Newton’s disc, let us try this.

Question 4.
You are given three mirrors of different types.
How will you identify each one of them? [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
We can identify the mirrors by forming image of an object.

 Plane mirror In case of plane mirror, image will be virtual, erect and of same size as that of object.

 Concave mirror In case of concave mirror, image may be real, virtual and magnified or diminished.

 Convex mirror In case of convex mirror, image formed will always be virtual, erect and diminished.

Question 5.
Namit was driving a car and suddenly became aware of a loud sound coming from behind. He looked through his rear
view mirror and saw an ambulance. He recalled reading that such emergency vehicles often have their name written
in the mirror (AMBULANCE) or writing, i. e.
He quickly made way for the ambulance, murmuring a quick prayer for the speedy recovery of the patient inside the
ambulance.
(a) Name the type of mirror which is used as a rear view mirror and why?
(b) Mention values did Namit exhibit. (Value Based Question]
Answer:
(a) Convex mirror is a mirror which is used as a rearview mirror. It is used to get a wide view of traffic behind.
(b) The values exhibit by Namit here is courtesy concerned for other, sympathy, knowledgeable.

Question 6.
One day, Ramesh’s friend was performing their respective experiments given by their teacher. While sitting in the
practical lab instead of performing experiment, Ramesh was playing with his meter scale. All the sudden, he held the
scale in his hand and started moving in front of tubelight, then he observed the seven colours of white light. After
sometimes, he got scolded by his lab teacher for not performing the experiment.
(a) Give the name of phenomenon that leads to the formation of band of seven colours.
(b) Name the constituent colours of white light.
(c) Mention the values shown by Ramesh here. (Value Based Question]
Answer:
(a) Dispersion of white light is the name of phenomenon which leads to the formation of band of seven colours.
(b) There are seven constituent colours of white light, they are Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, Red (i.e.
VIBGYOR).
(c) Ramesh seems to be quite innovative with respect to the scientific methods and also very eager to learn science
regarding phenomena.

Question 7.
Last Sunday Girish’s mother, Priyanka was preparing the dinner in her kitchen for Girish and his father. Both of them
were feeling so much hungry and they sat ideally on their respective chairs and having empty plates and spoons on
their dinning table. They were shouting like a 5 years old child that they wanted the dinner so much eagerly in order
to fulfil their stomach. At the sometime, Girish’s mother served the cooked food to both of them and the moment,
when Girish was just about to eat the rice with the help of spoon, he noticed that the spoon has such a shining
surface that it reflected the light rays incident on it.
(a) Explain the importance of shining surface in the reflection of light.
(b) Name the type of spherical mirror represented by the shining steel spoon.
(c) Mention the values shown by Priyanka here towards her family. [Value Based Question]
Answer:
(a) As we know that the extent of reflection depends upon the shining of surface. So, greater the shining of the
surface, more will be the reflection.
(b) Both convex and concave mirrors are represented by the shining steel spoon.
(c) The values shown by Priyanka here is concern and a satisfaction that she gets after serving the cooked food to her
son and her husband.

Light Class 7 Science Extra Questions Miscellaneous Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Boojho and Paheli were given one mirror each by their teacher. Boojho found his image to be erect and of the same
size, whereas Paheli found her image erect and smaller in size. This means that the mirrors of Boojho and Paheli
respectively are [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) plane mirror and concave mirror
(b) concave mirror and convex mirror
(c) plane mirror and convex mirror
(d) convex mirror and plane mirror
Answer:
(c) plane mirror and convex mirror

Question 2.
Which of the following always diverge light rays?
(a) Convex mirror and plane mirror
(b) Concave lens and convex mirror
(c) Concave mirror and convex lens
(d) Concave lens and convex mirror
Answer:
(b) Concave lens and convex mirror

Question 3.
Which of the following would you prefer to use while reading small letters found in a dictionary?
(a) A convex lens
(b) A convex mirror
(c) A concave lens
(d) Either (a) or (b)
Answer:
(a) A convex lens

Question 4.
if an object is placed at a distance of 0.5 m in front of a plane mirror, the distance between the object and the image
formed by the mirror will be [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) 2 m
(b) 1 m
(c) 0.5 m
(d) 0.25 m
Answer:
(b) The distance between object and mirror is given by 0.5 + 0.5= 1 m.

Question 5.
A virtual image
(a) can be formed on the screen
(b) cannot be formed on the screen
(c) is formed only by a plane mirror
(d) is formed only by the convex mirror
Answer:
(b) cannot be formed on the screen
Question 6.
You are provided with a concave mirror, a convex mirror, a concave lens and a convex lens. To obtain an enlarged
image of an object, you can use either
(a) concave mirror or convex mirror
(b) concave mirror or convex lens
(c) concave mirror or concave lens
(d) concave lens or convex lens
Answer:
(b) concave mirror or convex lens

Question 7.
A rainbow can be seen in the sky [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) when the sun is in front of you
(b) when the sun is behind you
(c) when the sun is overhead
(d) only at the time of sunrise
Answer:
(b) when the sun is behind you

Question 8.
An erect and enlarged image can be formed by
(a) only a convex mirror
(b) only a concave mirror
(c) only a plane mirror
(d) Both convex and concave mirrors
Answer:
(b) only a concave mirror

Question 9.
Which of the following can be used to form a real image?
(a) Only concave mirror
(b) Only plane mirror
(c) Only convex mirror
(d) Both concave and convex mirrors
Answer:
(a) Only concave mirror

Question 10.
You are provided with a convex mirror, a concave mirror, a convex lens and a concave lens. You can get an inverted
image from [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) both concave lens and convex lens
(b) both concave mirror and convex mirror
(c) both concave mirror and convex lens
(d) both convex mirror and concave lens
Answer:
(c) both concave mirror and convex lens

Question 11.
An image formed by a lens is erect. Such an image could be formed by [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) convex lens provided the image is smaller than object
(b) concave lens provided the image is smaller than object
(c) concave lens provided the image is larger than object
(d) concave lens provided the image is of the same size
Answer:
(b) concave lens provided the image is smaller than object
Question 12.
The colour of light which is deviated the least by prism in the spectrum of white light is
(a) violet
(b) green
(c) yellow
(d) red
Answer:
(a) Since, red colour has the greatest wavelength, that’s why, it is deviated the least in the spectrum of white light.

Fill in the Blanks

1. There are ………………….. types of spherical mirrors.
2. Changing of left side of an object to right side of image is called …………………..
3. ………………….. lens is also known as a magnifying glass.
4. The change in the direction of light by a mirror is called ………………….. of light.
5. A ………………….. is a curved transparent or translucent device that causes rays to either converge or diverge.
6. Convex lenses are ………………….. in the middle than at the edges whereas concave lenses are in the middle than at
the edges.
7. A prism splits light into ………………….. colours.
8. The inner surface of a steel spoon acts as a ………………….. mirror. [NCERT Exemplar]
9. The outer surface of a flat steel plate acts as a ………………….. mirror.
10. The outer shining surface of a round bottom steel bowl acts as a ………………….. mirror.
11. The inner surface of the reflector of a torch acts as a ………………….. mirror. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answers:
1. two
2. lateral inversion
3. Convex
4. reflection
5. lens
6. thicker, thinner
7. seven
8. concave
9. plane
10. convex
11. concave

True/False
1. A concave lens can be used to produce an enlarged and erect image.
2. A convex lens always produces a real image.
3. The sides of an object and its image formed by a concave mirror are always interchanged. [NCERT Exemplar]
4. An object can be seen only if it emits light. [NCERT Exemplar]
5. The image formed in a plane mirror is erect, enlarged and virtual.
6. A concave mirror always forms an erect and diminished image of the object.
7. The image formed in a plane mirror is behind the mirror.
8. A concave mirror is also known as a converging mirror.
9. A virtual image is larger than the object can be produced by a convex mirror.
10. The mirror which can form a magnified image of an object is both convex and concave mirrors.
11. In a convex spherical mirror, reflection of light takes place at a bent in surface.
Answers:
1. False, a concave lens can be used to produce an erect and diminished (smaller than the object image).
2. False, no, a convex lens does not always produce a real image because when the object is placed close to the
convex lens, then the image formed by convex lens is virtual, erect and larger than the object.
3. True
4. False, an object can be seen even if the ray of light is emitted from some different sources of light and suffering the
reflection from the object surface after getting incident on it.
5. False, the image formed in a plane mirror is always erect and virtual.
6. False, a concave mirror always forms an erect, virtual and enlarged (larger than the object) image.
7. True
8. True
9. False, an enlarged image is always larger than the object and is always formed by a concave mirror.
10. False, a concave mirror is a mirror which forms the magnified image of an object.
11. False, in a convex spherical mirror, reflection of light takes place out the bent out (bulging out) surface.

Match the Columns

Question 1.
Match the Columns I with Column II.

Column 1 Column II

(a) Real image (i) Cannot be formed on the screen

(b) Magnified image (ii) Upside down image

(c) Erect image (iii) Smaller than the object

(d) Diminished image (iv) Upright image

(e) Virtual image (v) Bigger than the object

(f) Inverted image (vi) Formed on the screen

Answers:
1.
(a)-(vi)
(b)-(v)
(c)-(iv)
(d)-(iii)
(e)-(i)
(f)-(ii)