Number and Algebra Paper 1-

1 [270 marks]
1. Prove by contradiction that the equation 2x3 + 6x + 1 = 0 has no [5 marks]
integer roots.

2 2−5 −3
2a. Show that 6 2x2−5x−3 [2 marks]
2x − 3 − x−1
= x−1
, x ∈ R, x ≠ 1.

6
 6
2b. Hence or otherwise, solve the equation 2 sin 2θ − 3 − sin2θ −1
= 0 for [5 marks]
π
0 ≤ θ ≤ π, θ ≠ 4
.

( )= x , ∈R > 0, >1
 Consider the function f(x)= ax where x, a ∈ R and x > 0, a > 1.
The graph of f contains the point ( 23 , 4).

3a. Show that a = 8. [2 marks]

3b. Write down an expression for f −1 (x). [1 mark]

Find the value of f −1 (√32).

3c. [3 marks]

log 27 , log , log , log 125 ,

 Consider the arithmetic sequence log 8 27 , log8 p , log8 q , log8 125 , where
p > 1 and q > 1.

3d. Show that 27, p, q and 125 are four consecutive terms in a geometric [4 marks]
sequence.
3e. Find the value of p and the value of q. [5 marks]
4a. Prove by mathematical induction that [7 marks]
dn (x2 ex )=[x2
d xn
+ 2nx + n(n − 1)]ex for n ∈ Z+ .

2
4b. Hence or otherwise, determine the Maclaurin series of f(x)= x2 ex in [3 marks]
ascending powers of x, up to and including the term in x4 .

4c. lim 3
[4 marks]
Hence or otherwise, determine the value of x→0[ ].
( x2ex−x2 )
x9

3
 3
Consider the equation (z − 1) = i, z ∈ C. The roots of this equation are ω1 , ω2
and ω3 , where Im(ω2 )> 0 and Im(ω3 )< 0.

ω1 = 1 + ei 6 is a root of this equation. [2 marks]

π
5a. Verify that

5b. Findω2 and ω3 , expressing these in the form a + eiθ , where a ∈ R and [4 marks]
θ > 0.

A B C
 The roots ω1 , ω2 and ω3 are represented by the points A, B and C respectively on
an Argand diagram.

5c. Plot the points A, B and C on an Argand diagram. [4 marks]

AC
5d. Find AC. [3 marks]

3
Consider the equation (z − 1) = iz 3 , z ∈ C.

5e. By using de Moivre’s theorem, show that α 1 [3 marks]

= i
π is a root of this
1−e 6
equation.

Re( )
5f. Determine the value of Re(α). [6 marks]

1 3
 1
6. Solve the equation log3 √x = 2log2 3
+ log3 (4x3 ), where x > 0. [5 marks]

1
Q
 1
Consider the expression − √1 − x where a ∈ Q, a ≠ 0.
√1+ax
The binomial expansion of this expression, in ascending powers of x, as far as the
term in x2 is 4bx + bx2 , where b ∈ Q .

7a. Find the value of a and the value of b . [6 marks]

7b. State the restriction which must be placed on x for this expansion to be [1 mark]
valid.

4
 The diameter of a spherical planet is 6 × 104 km.

8a. Write down the radius of the planet. [1 mark]

8b.
The volume of the planet can be expressed in the form π(a × 10k ) km3 [3 marks]
where 1 ≤ a < 10 and k ∈ Z.
Find the value of a and the value of k.

= =8
9. Consider an arithmetic sequence where u8 = S8 = 8. Find the value of [5 marks]
the first term, u1 , and the value of the common difference, d.

+1
10. Consider two consecutive positive integers, n and n + 1. [4 marks]
Show that the difference of their squares is equal to the sum of the two integers.

7
11. In the expansion of (x + k)7 , where k ∈ R, the coefficient of the term in [5 marks]

x5 is 63.
Find the possible values of k.

( )= √1 + > −1
 Let f(x)= √1 + x for x > −1.

12a. Show that f 1 [3 marks]

''(x)= − 3
.
4√ ( 1+x )
12b. Use mathematical induction to prove that [9 marks]
1
1 n−1 ( 2n−3 ) ! 2 −n
f ( n ) (x)= (− 4
) ( n−2 ) !
(1 + x) for n ∈ Z, n ≥ 2.

( )= emx , ∈Q
12c. Let g(x)= emx , m ∈ Q. [8 marks]
Consider the function h defined by h(x)= f(x)×g(x) for x > −1.
It is given that the x2 term in the Maclaurin series for h(x) has a coefficient of 74 .

Find the possible values of m .

4 3 2 C
13. Consider the quartic equation z 4+ 4z 3 + 8z 2 + 80z + 400 = 0, z ∈ C. [8 marks]
Two of the roots of this equation are a + bi and b + ai , where a, b ∈ Z.
Find the possible values of a .
 A farmer has six sheep pens, arranged in a grid with three rows and two columns
as shown in the following diagram.

Five sheep called Amber, Brownie, Curly, Daisy and Eden are to be placed in the
pens. Each pen is large enough to hold all of the sheep. Amber and Brownie are
known to fight.
Find the number of ways of placing the sheep in the pens in each of the following
cases:

14a. Each pen is large enough to contain five sheep. Amber and Brownie [4 marks]
must not be placed in the same pen.
14b. Each pen may only contain one sheep. Amber and Brownie must not be [4 marks]
placed in pens which share a boundary.

= arctan(2 + 1)+ π ∈R
 The following diagram shows the graph of y = arctan(2x + 1)+ π4 for x ∈ R, with
3π
asymptotes at y = − π4 and y = 4
.

15a. Describe a sequence of transformations that transforms the graph of [3 marks]

y = arctan x to the graph of y = arctan(2x + 1)+ π4 for x ∈ R.

( )
15b.
Show that arctan
p+q
p + arctan q ≡ arctan( 1−pq ) where p, q > 0 and [4 marks]

pq < 1.

15c.
Verify that arctan (2x + 1)= arctan ( x+1
x )+ π for x ∈ R, x > 0.
4
[3 marks]
15d. Using mathematical induction and the result from part (b), prove that [9 marks]
n
Σ
r=1arctan( 12 )= n ) for n ∈ Z+ .
arctan( n+1
2r

−5
 −5
Consider the function defined by f(x)= kx− , where x ∈ R \ {k} and k2 ≠ 5.
x k

16a. State the equation of the vertical asymptote on the graph of y = f(x). [1 mark]

16b. State the equation of the horizontal asymptote on the graph of y = f(x). [1 mark]

16c. Use an algebraic method to determine whether f is a self-inverse [4 marks]

function.

=3
 Consider the case where k = 3.

16d. Sketch the graph of y = f(x), stating clearly the equations of any [3 marks]
asymptotes and the coordinates of any points of intersections with the coordinate
axes.

= ( )
16e. The region bounded by the x-axis, the curve y = f(x), and the lines [6 marks]
x = 5 and x = 7 is rotated through 2π about the x-axis. Find the volume of the
solid generated, giving your answer in the form π(a + b ln 2) , where a, b ∈ Z.

2
R
 2z
17. Consider the equation
3−z*
= i, where z = x + iy and x, y ∈ R. [5 marks]

Find the value of x and the value of y.

4
18. The first term in an arithmetic sequence is 4 and the fifth term is [5 marks]
log2 625.
Find the common difference of the sequence, expressing your answer in the form
log2 p, where p ∈ Q.

=5 = 11
 In an arithmetic sequence, u2 = 5 and u3 = 11.

19a. Find the common difference. [2 marks]

19b. Find the first term. [2 marks]

19c. Find the sum of the first 20 terms. [2 marks]

( )= x + , , ∈ R, > 1 A (0, )
 Let g (x) = px + q, for x,p,q ∈ R,p > 1. The point A (0,a) lies on the graph of g.
Let f (x) = g −1 (x). The point B lies on the graph of f and is the reflection of
point A in the line y = x.

20a. Write down the coordinates of B. [2 marks]

B
 The line L1 is tangent to the graph of f at B.

1
20b. Given that f ′ (a) = ln p
, find the equation of L1 in terms of x, p and q.[5 marks]

20c. The lineL2 is tangent to the graph of g at A and has equation [7 marks]
y = (ln p) x + q + 1.
(−2, − 2)
The line L2 passes through the point (−2, − 2).
1
The gradient of the normal to g at A is .
ln( 13 )

Find the equation of L1 in terms of x.

 11
Consider ( )= 11! .
a a! 9!

21a. Find the value of a . [2 marks]

21b. Hence or otherwise find the coefficient of the term in x9 in the [4 marks]
11
expansion of (x + 3) .

2 −4
 2x−4
Consider f (x) = , − 1 < x < 1.
x2−1

22a. Find f ′ (x). [2 marks]

22b. Show that, if f ′ (x) = 0, then x = 2 − √3. [3 marks]

= ( )
 For the graph of y = f (x),

22c. find the coordinates of the y-intercept. [1 mark]

22d. show that there are no x-intercepts. [2 marks]

22e. sketch the graph, showing clearly any asymptotic behaviour. [2 marks]

3 1 2 −4
22f. Show that 3 1 2x−4 [2 marks]
x+1
− x−1
= x2−1
.

= ( ) =4
22g. The area enclosed by the graph of y = f (x) and the line y = 4 can be [7 marks]
expressed as ln v. Find the value of v.
23. Three planes have equations: [5 marks]
2x − y + z = 5
x + 3y − z = 4 , where a, b ∈ R.
3x − 5y + az = b
Find the set of values of a and b such that the three planes have no points of
intersection.

4 C
 Consider the equation z 4 = −4, where z ∈ C.

24a. Solve the equation, giving the solutions in the form a + ib, where [5 marks]
a, b ∈ R.
24b. The solutions form the vertices of a polygon in the complex plane. Find [2 marks]
the area of the polygon.

2 R th
25. Consider the function f (x) = x e2x , where x ∈ R. The nth derivative of [7 marks]
f (x) is denoted by f (n) (x).

Prove, by mathematical induction, that f (n) (x) = (2n x + n2n−1 ) e2x , n ∈ Z+ .

π
 Consider f(x) = √x sin ( π4 x) and g(x) = √x for x ≥ 0. The first time the graphs
of f and g intersect is at x = 0.

26a. Find the two smallest non-zero values of x for which f(x) = g(x). [5 marks]

( )= ( )
 The set of all non-zero values that satisfy f(x) = g(x) can be described as an
arithmetic sequence, un = a + bn where n ≥ 1.

26b. At point P, the graphs of f and g intersect for the 21st time. Find the [4 marks]
coordinates of P.
26c. The following diagram shows part of the graph of g reflected in the x- [4 marks]
axis. It also shows part of the graph of f and the point P.

Find an expression for the area of the shaded region. Do not calculate the value of
the expression.

P P
 Two distinct lines, l1 and l2 , intersect at a point P . In addition to P , four distinct
points are marked out on l1 and three distinct points on l2 . A mathematician
decides to join some of these eight points to form polygons.

27a. Find how many sets of four points can be selected which can form the [2 marks]
vertices of a quadrilateral.
27b. Find how many sets of three points can be selected which can form the [4 marks]
vertices of a triangle.

⎛1⎞ ⎛1⎞
 ⎛1⎞ ⎛1⎞
The line l1 has vector equation r1 = ⎜ 0 ⎟ + λ ⎜ 2 ⎟, λ ∈ R and the line l2 has
⎝1⎠ ⎝1⎠

⎛ −1 ⎞ ⎛5⎞
vector equation r2 = ⎜ 0 ⎟ + μ ⎜ 6 ⎟, μ ∈ R.
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝2⎠
The point P has coordinates (4, 6, 4).

27c. Verify that P is the point of intersection of the two lines. [3 marks]

The point A has coordinates (3, 4, 3) and lies on l1 .

27d. Write down the value of λ corresponding to the point A. [1 mark]

B
 The point B has coordinates (−1, 0, 2) and lies on l2 .

27e. −−→ −→ [2 marks]

Write down PA and PB .

C D
 27f. Let C be the point on l1 with coordinates (1, 0, 1) and D be the point on [8 marks]
l2 with parameter μ = −2.
Find the area of the quadrilateral CDBA.

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