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Evolution and Foundation of Management

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39 views2 pages

Evolution and Foundation of Management

Uploaded by

mitch mabansag
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Republic of the Philippines

Samar Colleges, Inc.


COLLEGE OF GRADUATE STUDIES
Catbalogan City, Samar

Discussant: FRUJELYN B. COMPEL


Subject Code: EM 208
Description: PRINCIPLES AND THEORIES OF MANAGEMENT
Professor: EDRIELYN CABADSAN-CAMPILLA
Schedule: SATURDAY/07:30-10:30AM

EVOLUTION AND FOUNDATION OF MANAGEMENT


Management - The process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling an
organization’s resources such as human, financial, material resources to achieve specific
goals efficiently and effectively.
THE CONCEPT OF EVOLUTION AND FOUNDATION OF MANAGEMENT
Four (4) Major Eras:
 Pre-scientific Management Period (Before the 1880’s)
 Classical Theory (1880s – 1930s)
 Neo-classical Theory (1930s- 1950s)
 Modern Strategies (1950s – Present)

1. PRE-SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT ERA (BEFORE THE 1880’S)


 Educational institutions were informal and typically managed based on tradition,
religious guidelines, or personal experience.
 Decisions often made by local leaders or heads, such as the “Maestro” in schools)
who relied on intuition, authority and established norms.
 In school, a single teacher managed everything – teaching, discipline, and resource
allocation without a structured curriculum or formalized rules.
 The curriculum, usually focused on basic literacy, arithmetic, and religious
instruction, was decided by the Maestro and taught through rote memorization.
 Discipline was strict and subjective, often involving punishments like scolding or
corporal punishment.

2. CLASSICAL MANAGEMENT ERA (1880-1930)


 This era was marked by the introduction of more formalized methods to improve
efficiency, productivity, and organization within educational institutions, drawing
from the principles of Scientific Management, Administrative Management, and
Bureaucratic Management.
a. Scientific Management - Schools adopted standardized teaching methods, routines,
and schedules to maximize efficiency and productivity, with a focus on measurable
results like test scores.
b. Administrative Management - School leaders, like principals, used planning,
organizing, and controlling to manage school operations better. Clear roles and
responsibilities were established for teachers and staff.
c. Bureaucratic Management - Schools introduced formal rules, policies, and a clear
hierarchy to ensure order and consistency. There were specific guidelines for
curriculum delivery, discipline, and teacher evaluations.

3. NEO-CLASSICAL MANAGEMENT ERA (1930S- 1950S)


 Emerging in response to the limitations of classical theories, neo-classical theories
focused more on the needs and well-being of students and teachers.
 Key changes included:
a. Human Relations – emphasis on improving relationships between teachers and
students and creating a supportive environment.
b. Increased Flexibility – Adoption of a more flexible curriculum and teaching
methods to cater the diverse student interests and needs.
c. Participative Management – Involvement of teachers, parents, and the community
in decision-making, with the formation of parent-teacher association (PTAs) and
advisory committees.
d. Emphasis on Motivation and Satisfaction – Programs and initiatives were
introduced to enhance student engagement and motivation (student leadership);
Professionals development programs were expanded to help teachers improve
their skills and job satisfaction.

4. MODERN MANAGEMENT ERA (1950s – Present)


 Integrates the earlier approaches while adding flexibility, adaptability, and
responsiveness to a rapidly changing environment.
 It incorporates various theories and models, including:
a. System Theory – Schools are seen as systems where changes in one part affect the
whole system. For example, improving teacher training can enhance overall student
performance.
b. Contingency Theory – emphasizes adaptability and situational analysis; schools
adapt their management practices based on specific needs and circumstances.
c. Quantitative and Decision-Making Approaches – Schools use data and analytical
methods to guide decisions and improve performance
d. Total Quality Management (TQM) - Focuses on continuous improvement and
ensuring high standards in all aspects of school operations.
e. Lean Management - Aims to streamline processes and reduce waste to improve
efficiency and effectiveness.

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