2

Solutions

Soft contact lemes and Osmosis!

Soft contact lenses are typically made of material that acts as
a semipermeable membrane. When a .Toft contact lens is
placed in sterile saline solution, which has a similar salt
concentration to natural tears, the concentration of solutes on
both sides of the lens is balanced and water molecules move
freely in an out of the lens through osmosis. This maintains
the softness and flexibility of the lens.
If soft contact lens is placed in distilled water, which has a
lower salt concentration than natural tears, the concentration
gradient across the lens is altered. As a result, the lens will
absorb water from the surrounding fluid, causing them to
swell and potentially lose their shape.
So, if you wear contact lenses, store them in the appropriate
solution to keep them hydrated!

Chapter Outline

2.1 Introduction 2.7 Vapour pressure lowering

2,2 Types of solutions 2.8 Boiling point elevation
2.3 Capacity of solutions to dissolve solute 2.9 Depression in freezing point
2.4 Solubility 2. 10 Osmotic pressure
2.5 Vapour pressure of solutions of liquids in liquids 2.11 Colligative properties of electrolytes
I 2.6 Colligative properties of nonelectrolyte solutions
I---------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------·
♦ ♦ ♦ Key Notes For Good Practice ♦ ♦ ♦

• There are nine types ofsolutions depending on the states ofsolute and solvent.
• NH3 and CO2 gases have higher solubilities in water than expected by Henry's law as these gases react with
water.
• For liquids in open containers, the applied pressure is the atmospheric pressure.
• Only lowering in vapour pressure is a colligative property while vapour pressure is not colligative property.
• Both '1Tb and JT1 are directly proportional to molality ofsolution.
1 1
• The unit ofKb and K1is K kg moZ- or 'C kg moZ- .
• Freezing point depressions are larger than boiling point elevations for the same solution, because for any
given solvent K1> Kb.
Vil
 · MHT-C£T Triumph Ch~mlstry (MCQs)
• .fr. 11"'-' .1 r, 11,Y IM ,l!tf;•rt·n.·c-., f,c·twr,·n
0
flt~) t,·m1>c·raturi·s. I frm •r , thC'ir volllt'S
~---.._
will b<' the ' ·· ·•.
A: cViJf '\": .fc'"'• lit
• ? ·wtt,)tit· f"l'.r...o,rr is "'){ 11,, l"'O SUff rn~/11,·,·d t,_ ,. a .w/11tio11 It nists ""~~• wht'n the .wlution Is .f('Pa,;
-~'""' r.l:( so!l'(•rJ /,_r a s,;it,iM,• I.in.I c!f., ,'mipt'I m,·,,/,/,, m,·111bm11,•.
lllfct
• 11i< ..,,lJ(i:,ui',v- r/'\1/'t'rtws cfthe so/11tions of clc•ctro~l'lt'.f that di.~.wci11te in solution arc we11t1·r ti,"" th<,,
N '-'/'t\·t,·J.ti., sc>lut11m.f ofnc>nd,·ctn>~rft'S ,fthe samt' concrntration. • to
F•lldatMntal Constants In This Chapter Fundamental Constants In Thia Cha,._
\ ·ar,"Ur ('n'!-.~1..1re of watcr at 100 "C = 760 mm Hg Boiling point of water = I00 °C • 373 K
Fn-tzing (')int ,,fwatcr = O"C -= 273 K Gas con~tant (R) = 0.08206 atm dm-l K- 1 mor•

♦ ♦ ♦ Quick Rc\'lrw ♦ ♦ ♦

► Ctassi(kation of mhturcs:

l\li1tures
Combination of two or more substances

--------------------·······
Homol!cncous mixture
Unifonn composition of components
Hctcroj!cncous mixture
Nonuniform composition of components
-
~--- --- ---J__ ____________ _ -
~
True solution
(sus! ~
► Tn>es of solutions (depending on the states of solute and solvent):

~~ ~!..~te.:._State of l_.!lveat_ .. --~---·· . _ __ -~,- ~ ... E~'!Ples _---_." _..... -~·-•'··· .-. • :.·-:. -~i
Solid ! Liquid i Sea water, benzoic acid in benzene, sugar in water
.
. Solid
' ----1 -- - - --- - - - - - ·----- --··---- ,!
i Solid 1 Metal alloys such as brass, bronze.
--- -- ----~-- ------···· --·--··- ·---·- ·-- -------- -------- 1i
Solid i Gas Iodine in air i ___ !
Liquid_ _ _ : Liquid i Gasoline, ethanol in water · l
...Li~d '. Solid i
Amalgams of mercury with metals i.e., mercury in silver ~
.-!-i9_uid _ _ _ j_ Gas - ---~ hlorofonn in nitro~~ - ----------------I
~ Gas i Li9uid ! Carbonated water (CO2 in water), oxrgen in water. !
· Gas _ _ _ :. Solid __________j_ H2 in palladium _ _ __ -- ----- ----- ~
: ~_______ j__q_~---·-·-- -l_~ir (~! N~_Ar and other gases) ~----.: ..i ~J

► Classification ofsolution (according to the amount of solute):

Binary true solution

Consists of a solvent and a solute
I

------------------------------~--------------·--------------
UDnturatNI 1-0lutioa Saturated solution Su~natu rattd solutio•
Coutaim less amount of solute Contains maximum (equilibrium) Contains greater than die
dml thaa can be dissolved in amount of solute that can be equilibrium amowit of solute.
tolvent at given temperature. dissolved in solvent at givm
temperature.

1IZ
 J'\j'H'''illf! ,·on,·,·ntrullu11 or~11lut111n,:
0 .. -~h_apter 2: Solu~lo,n~_

~fol11d1~:(~I}-·)
\ - 1
.! 0 tol1lltv (m)
: I N1\ ,,f 1111,1,•s ,;,<,~; ----- ··1
;·· l .. \'~,lumc ,,r ~,,lutm~ in L_ No. ,,f moles "f ~,lute
Mn~ !\f solvenl in kg
I r - •-.---•--- ---- I
I

~ •• . ~ --~~~~~~lCl ldl'.'nt ] ~ • • -~ Temperature indepemlenl

; 11~h1lar solution IM I Molal solution : Im
: Sl'.'mimolar s11lution : ~V2 - 0.5M : Semimolal solution : m/2 .. 0.5 m
·· · ► O\•dmolar solution : M/10 = 0.1 M - • • -• Dccimolal solution m/10 = 0.1 m
Crntimolar soluti,1n M/ 100 .. 0.01 M Centimolal solution m/100 = 0.01 m
Millimolar soluti11n : M/1000 • 0.00I M Millimolal solution m/1000 = 0.001 m

:► ~,1l11hility of a solute in 11 !loln•nt:

/ Solubility of a solute \ 1t is the amount of solute per unit volume of saturated solution at a specific
1
' - - - - -- - - - J I temperature. It is expressed in mol L" •
..
~ · · • • • • · • • • • • • • • • • • • - • • • • • - • - -- - - ( Factors affocting solubility J
I

.-•
I
I Nature of solute Compounds with similar chemical character are more readily soluble in each other:
I and solnnt 'Like Jissofres like'
I
I
I
I Solids In liquid: For an endothennic process, solubility increases with increase of
temperature. For an exothermic process, solubility decreases with increase of temperature.
I

~ -• Temptraturt
I
I Gases in liquid: Solubility decreases with increase of temperature
I
I
I
I Solids in liquid: Pressure has no effect on the solubilities of solids and liquids ·as they
I
are incompressible.
~ -• Prtssure
Gases In liquid: Solubility increases with increasing pressure

C1111tion
. There is no direct correlation between solubility and exothennicity or endothennicity. For example, dissolution of CaCh in water
; is ,xothcrmic and that ofNH.NO3 is cndothennic. However, the solubility of these substances increases with the temperature.

► Laws:
·- ; Statement: The solubility ofa gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure ofthe gas ]
: over the solution. !
Henry's law ; S cc P or S = KnP !
1
: where, S is the solubility of the gas in mol L- , P is the pressure of the gas in bar over the :
. _ __ ,___ , __ ~~ S(?lution_.J{H is He_nry_'_~la'Y-_constant and _its _uni! Js mol L:•-~a(~:~- ____________________ j
.. .. -. -~ s't~tiii.e~·t;·
11,;p~;tial vapour pressure ofany volatile component ofa solution is equal to the 1
i vapour pressure ofthe pure component multiplied by its mole fraction in the solution. \
' _; For a binary solution or two volatile components: ,
' : P1 =1fx1 and P2=r:x2 i

, RINlt j Using Dalton's law of partial pressures, 1

; '• ~• ; Total vapour pressure (P) is given by: 1

, ., ,, !P=P1 +P2=P.'x,+,:x2 "' (P:-P1°)x2+P.'

·,- ,'.. ,j Composition or vapou_r phase: If Yt and Y2 are t!'e mole ri;actions of the_ components 1l
! · ; I and 2, respectively, m the vapour phase; then using Dalton s law of parttal pressures:
J ., _,_, __, i P1 = y 1P and Pz .. y2P . _ .. . . .... . . .. . .. .. . .... ... ___ ___ ... .... .. . .. ... ..l
183
-- . ~ -H~:~ET_T~lumph Chem~stry (MCQs)
),, Uiniu ~ i.olution of '" o , 0J;11ik lh111iils:

~ mnary.~olntlon o~t~latlle llquldt

r----··•••·-----•··l--•-•-•·---- ----• •, -
..-,-.·· --]
""II UIIOll
I Non-lth-11I Solulion j
--- ,. - --- ---
__, .. . .;
. - - - - - -T..- - - - - Do not obey Raoult's law
• Ot-cy Ra,,ult's law
• .:\,,,, 11 ,. 0
• ,\,,;, V "' 0
• Yap,,ur prcmm: of ideal Positive deviations
f
Negative deviations
from Raoult's law·
--
s,)lution always lies from Raoult's law
tx-twl.'t'n \'ap()ur pressures y
0f pure components • Solute-solvent interaction~
• S0lute-solvent interactions • Solute-solvent interactions < solute- solute or solvent-sotv
,.. so]\'ent-solvent and solute interactions or solvent-solvent interactions , · .- "-
solute-solute interactions. interactions • Vapour pressure of solution .
• E.g. Benzene + Toluene • Vapour pressure of solution is lower than those of ~
higher than those of pure components.
components. • E.g. Phenol + Aniline,
• E.g. Ethanol + Acetone, Chloroform + Acetone
Carbon disulphide + Acetone

► Colligative properties of nooelectrolyte solutions:

,. .
Vapour pressure l _
~
/ .
Vapour pressure of solution is leu, than that
of pure _solvent .., .
-
I
lowering
''
I
. /lP= Ifx1 = If xW2Mi .. .
I
I
W.M2
I
I
I f ~

Effect of adding 'II Boiling point of solution is greatet: than that

nonvolatile, .. - Boiling point - -
elevation
of pure solvent ·.. . ,, ·
nonelectrolyte '' ' - - - - - - - - J l<XX>'W
Colligative solute to solvent ''I
, :
&Tb=Tb- T: .
=Ki,m= K.,x--
2

~w.
\ properties .
--- -- ---- ---- -,
I
I
.

'' /
I
Freezing point of solution is less than that of
'..I - Freezing point
plll'C solvent
depression
"Tr = Tor - Tr= Kr m =
u
l<XX>'W
Kr x.:::::::::.:.:1
' ~w.
Osmotic Higher the concentration of solution, greater
pressure is the osmotic pressure . •.
1t=MRT= Wz xRT
~v. ·•

= the ~venl Q. ll Code in Q,,lll. The Padhal App to.get further conceplual cluity
mg pomt e evallon. .
~·
on,-
, .....
"

114
 Chapt~r 2:__Solu.tl~n~

.r

n,c nrl _i-ponlahnc-011s _now of solvent Osmosis

111 Ol
rcuks •
mto t e st,lutmn Qr fir<im more
Jilule ~<,l11t1l"n_to more CQnccntratcd solution
thr0tigh a srm1pcrml'able mrmbrane is called
o~111MI~.

~
If 8 pressure larger than the osmotic
r("('ssure is applied to th~ solution side, then
pure solv~nt from solution passes into pure
~Cltvent side t~rough the semipermeable
membrane. This phenomenon is called
rr,,erse osmosis.

Types of solution depending on the osmotic pressure of two solutions:

Isotonic Two ~r more solutions having the same E.g. 0.1 M urea solution and
Qso means equal) osmotic pressure are said to be isotonic 0.1 M sucrose solution are
solutions. isotonic.

If two _solutions have unequal osmotic E.g. If osmotic pressure of sucrose

Hypertonic pressures, the more concentrated solution solution is higher than that of urea
(Hyper means with higher osmotic pressure is said to be solution, the sucrose solution is
higher) hypertonic solution. hypertonic to urea solution.

A solution having an osmotic E.g. If osmotic pressure of sucrose

pressure lower than that of another solution is higher than that of urea
Hypotonic
solution . . . owing to . lower solution, the urea solution is hypotonic
(Hypo means
concentration of solute is called to sucrose solution.
tower) ·
hypotonic solution.

, n n't Hoff factor:

For non-electrolytes, van't Hoff factor (i) is

equal to L . . ·
4 Glucose, urea \
\
Inclusion of van't Hoff
\
factor modifies the
equations for colligative
For electrolytes Wldergoing dissociation, van't van 't Hoff factor properties:
Hoff factor (i) is greater than l. Af» = iPiox.,
l&,NaC~CaCl2 6T.,=iKi,m.
6Tr= iK,m.
,r•iMRT
For ~ electrolytes. i • No, of particles in ,
IOlution after dissociation (n) . . ,'
I
I

E:;-~--!::
---=:::::::---___:----- J 115
MHT-CET Triumph Chemistry (MCQs)

♦ .• ♦
G
1:urmuhn• ♦ \ ♦
I. lknl) 's Ir"' :
II. I:kvati,111 of h1)iling point:
S "'" Knl'
S " s\,l11l•lli1y. 1' "' l'l\'~~11rc of the gas, i. .\l'h · rh - 1~
K11 • I kn!') •s \'(1ns1.1111 i\Th.., Ekvntion in h(,ilin~ point,
Th.. Boiling point of solution,
R:l\,11lt's law: for a binary sol11li\)n of two
\'Olatik r,,mp,incnt s ~ = lh1ilint,t point of pure solVl'11I. ·

l'1"" l'i" , , ii. ,\Th., Kh Ill

r : -= rix~ m "" Molality of sol11tio11.
Kh., !,oiling point t·kvntion Cl111stant
rt is the \'apour prrssurc of pure cmnpon\·nt I
, IOIJOK hW,
and r, is the partial \'llp(11rr prcssurr of iii. u\ ,.. MW
component 1 in solution. l I

.,·• is the mole fraction of componl·nt I in solution. ~Th = Elevntion in boiling point,
r; is the vapo1rr pressure of pure component 2 and
Kb .. Molal ckvatio11 constant,
W1 = Mass of solvent,
P2is the partial vapour prcs$urc of component 2.
W2 = Mass of solute,
x 1 is the mole fraction of component 2 in solution.
M2 = Molar mass of solute
3. Dalton· s law of partial pressures:
~-· ------- -
... ..........
r = P1+ P2 OR P = Pi° x , + r; xi 9. Molecular mass determination from elevation
P is the total pressure of solution. of boiling point:
Molecular mass of solute,
4. Composition of vapour phase (binary solution
1000 KhWl
of two volatile components): Mz = AtW
P, = y 1P b I

P2 =y~P
)'1 and y 2 as the mole fractions of two IO. Depression of freezing point:
components in the vapour. i. 6Tr=~ - Tr
P1 and P2 are the partial pressures of two
6Tr= Depression in freezing point,
components in the vapour.
P is the total vapour pressure. Tr= Freezing point of solution,
t'r =Freezing point of pure solvent.
S. Raoult's law: For a solution containing a non-
volatile solute ii. 6Tr= Krm
P1 = P1°x, m = Molality of solution
Kr= Freezing point depression constant
P1 is the vapour pressure of the solution,
0
J>. is the vapour pressure of pure solvent, iii. AT IOOOKrW2
r M2W1
x 1 is its mole fraction in solution.
6 Tr= Depression in freezing point,
6. Relative lowering of vapour pressure: Kt= Molal depression constant,
6 P Pi0 - Pi _ _ n W2 = Mass of solute,
- = - - - x 2 - -2 -
P10 If n, +n2 W1 =Mass of solvent,
M2 = Molar mass of solute
If =vapour pressure of pure solvent,
P1 =vapour pressure of solution, 11. Molecular mass detennination from depression
.r2 = Mole fraction of solute,
of freezing point:
n1 = Moles of solvent, n2 = Moles of solute
Molecular mass of solute,
7. Molecular mass detennination from lowering M 1000 K,W2
of vapour pressure: 2
Ar,w1
f.° -P. = 6 P = W2M 1
T p.•
w.Mz
12. Osmotic pressure (n):
1t =MRT = CRT
W2 = Mass of solute,
W1 • Mass of solvent, M = c = Concentration of solution in mol L"1,
M2 = Molar mass of solute, R = Gas constant (0.08206 atm dm-3 K·1 mor'~
M1 = Molar mass of solvent T ... Temperatw'e in Kelvin

186
r , 1,•, 111.H
~"'
lll:4~\ lr 11tn ll~lllnti, l't"\
• , urc·
0 ,~. Ch.apttr 2: Solution~
M111lif1t1I <'lt1J:tt111111 f,,r t<•ll 111, tivt pr•1pcr r
11 1
1
I ''l-1 OK T\1 , · ~ · I{ I .
,, , . ' 11\.' hy i111 l11w111 of ~rin 'f I lcoH (.11 fur
,\!' , i 1•• , •1
w, •,,f L
' I M,V.'i
11111 1 1 ►:, W.
ii. ,\I., • ,~;,,rn I ♦.

\1 , w,
I )11111) ~,.\~{
iii. ,\T1 ·-iK,m
M,W,
W.11 r
,nn 't 111,n 1.,~·11,r (i): iv. n - i\.11< l - I- j -
M,V
1' 11 '1•-·-
( ,,)lt1::itl\ c f'-·- '1\'l1Y________
nf th·1 trol,1 . Iuhon
, c \o
I ( 1 1 t:
lhi:111' C rro,,cr1y of n11n<:lcur,·1- -I ·-· -
)' C ~Cl ll t ll,n 16. lkgrce of diw,ciation (u ):
nf the same com·cntr·it
· , ton I- I
u •· ---
(-'~.L : _(,,1;,L~ (Al'.L,. i~L n- I
(1\ T, )., (AT, )0 (h1')0 ( 11 )
0 i "' van't Hoff factor,
At1 ual moles of particles in solution n '"' Moles of ions obtained from diw>eiation of
1 mole of electrolyte
:tiler dissociation
" Moles of fonnula units dissolved
• 'n rr,1
1 -
..., U1100
Fom1ula mass of substance
,,. ohscrved molar mass of substance
M11,., .,111
-- --~ -
M,,-..i

♦ .J ♦ C'las°'ical Thin kin~ ♦ { ♦ ----

Introduction
2.I ~:=------------- 4. Find the INCORRECT match.
(A) Sea waler: Liquid in liquid solution
(.
Identify the INCORRECT statement.
(8) Iodine in air: Solid in gas solution
(A) A solution is a heterogeneous mixture of
two or more pure substances. (C) lf2 in palladium: Gas in solid solution
(B) The body fluids are solutions. (D) Gasoline: Liquid in liquid solution
(C) A homogeneous mixture has uniform 2.3 Capacity of solutions.to dissolve !>olote
mixing of the components.
(D) The mixture is a combination of two or 1. A solute is added to a given amount of solvent
more substances. taken in a beaker. It dissolves readily at first.
In a solution, the component present in larger The dissolution process slows down as more
l. solute is added and eventually stops. The
proportion is known as _ __
solution at this point is said to be _ __
(A) solution (8) solute
(A) supersaturated (8) saturated
(C) solvent (D) mixed solution
(C) unsaturated (D) dilute
2.2 Types of solutions
2.4 Solubility
I. There are ___ types of solutions depending
on the physical states of solvents and solutes. 1. Solubility of ___ in water changes only
(A) 5 (8) 8 (C) 9 (D) 12 slightly with temperature.
(A) Na8r (8) KN03
Sugar dissolved in water is a ___ type of (C) KBr (D) NaN03
solution.
(A) solid in solid (B) solid in gas 2. Which does NOT influence the solubility of a
(C) solid in liquid (D) gas in solid solid in a liquid solvent?
3. (A) Nature of solute
Brass is a homogeneous mixture of _ __
(8) Nature of solvent
type of solution.
(8) solid in gas (C) Temperature
(A) solid in solid
(D) gas in solid (D) Pressure
·---~ solid in liquid
187
MHT-cu Triumph Chemistry (MCQs)
.\ .
0 \\'hid1 of the folio\\ ing sho"'-s

(.'\) 1111:rl':IW in klllpl'f.11\IIC

d,·, iation from Raoult 's law? "'i~.
-~~,
(,\) lle111ene t 11,luene
( I\ ) n·dm:ti11n 1n g:1s pn·s~urc
(LI ) Phenol + aniline
( l') lb:f'l.•a~e in ll'mpcraturc
(C) Ethanol + acetone
ID) a111l1unt of liquid taken
(D) Carbon disulphide + acetone
\\'hid, is CORR ITT ahnut I kn!) ·s law?
(A) Snluhility of a gas in a li4uid decreases 2.6 Colligative properties of noncl
.
solutions tetra~
with dt•crease in temperature . 'lit
{O) Solubility of a gas in a liquid increases
with increase in cxtemal pressure. 1. The colligative properties of a s ~
(C) Solubility of a gas in a liquid lkcreases , on _ _. ~
"ith increase in o.ll'mal pressure. (A) nature of solute particles present 1• .
11 ll
(D) Solubility of a gas in a liquid increases (B) nature of solvent used
with increase in temperature and decrease (C) number of solute particles present · .
in e:,,tcmal pressure. (0 ) number of moles of solvent only 1n II
5. Henry's law constant is expressed in the unit(s) 2. Which of the following is a colligative pr°l>ert
of .
1
(A) Melting point ofa substance }1
(A~ L" 1 bar" 1 (fl) mol L- 1 bar (D) Surface tension of a solution
(C) L mol I bar· 1 (D) mol L- 1 bar" 1
(C) Doi ling point elevation
2.5 Vapour pressure of solutions of liquids in (D) Radioactivity of a substance
liquids
3. While dealing with colligative propeni
I. Partial vapour pressure of any volatile nonelectrolyte solutions, the relatively ~I Of
component in a solution is
---
solutions with concentrations or \lllt
(A) directly proportional to its mole fraction are considered. - cs.,
in the solution (A) 0.2 M (8) IM
(8 ) inversely proportional to its mole fraction (C) 2 M (D) 0.5 M
in the solution
(C) inversely proportional to the mole fraction 2.7 Vapour pressure lowering
of the solvent
(D) directly proportional to its molarity 1. Vapour pressure of the solution, of a non.
volatile solute is always
2. For an ideal solution, the CORRECT option is ---
(A) equal to the vapour pressure of Pltrt
solvent
(A) 6m;,H = 0 and 6mixV :/- 0 (8) higher than vapour pressure of Pltrt
(B) 6mixH = 0 and 6mixV = 0 solvent
(C) 6mi,H i- 0 and 6rruxV :/- 0
(C) lower than vapour pressure of Pllrt
(D) 6mixH i- 0 and 6mix V = 0 solvent
3. Which of the following behaves as an ideal (D) constant
solution?
(A) Ethanol + acetone
2. The lowering of vapour pressure of a solvent by
(B) Carbon disulphide + acetone the addition of a non-volatile solute to it, is
equal to -
(C) Benzene + toluene --
(D) Chloroform + acetone (A) the product of vapour pressure of pure
solvent and mole fraction of the non-
4. Which of the following is INCORRECT? volatile solute
(A) Ideal solutions obey Raoult's law. (8) the product of vapour pressure of pure
(8) No heat is evolved or absorbed when two solvent and mole fraction of the pure
components forming an ideal solution are solvent
mixed. (C) the sum of vapour pressure of pure
(C) The vapour pressure of ideal solution solvent and mole fraction of the non-
always lies between vapour pressures of volatile solute
pure components. (D) the sum of vapour pressure of pure
(D) Solution of phenol + aniline behaves solvent and mole fraction of the pure
nearly as ideal. solvent
188
 - Chapter 2: Solutlonl
th
I h~ 111111.1I d n 111i,1n 1:<111~1.1111 h the m1 i11 i,f e
dn 111i1,n of 1~1ih111( point lo
(A) 11wl,11 1ty of 1hc ~t1l11ti1111
(B) m11lal 1ty ,if the ~oh,111111
(t') mole fral'lion pf the ~11l11lc
II>) mole frnttion c,f the ~11lvc11I
Unit of h,1ili11g point clcvati11n con.~tnnt ( K~) i:;
1
iAf'-~s·nwl I ( II) K mol

l',LL.
I
(I>) 1 ( I>) K l g mol
1' ·) (l') 1J. nwl

I' I
5. What will he the value of AT" for a <lccimulal
Roluti<in of a non-volatile solute in water'?
(A) 0.1 Kh (II) 0.01 Kn
II x, (C) 0.5 Kh (D) 0.05 Kb
6. The !il,iling point of 0.15 molal aqueous
·11l' rd11tiH'. 111\\ ctin~
1. ,. ~ ,l11t11m •, re of a
. .nf vn1,1111r prcss11 solution of an unknown solute is 373.23 K at
,·,111tammg nun-volnti' I• .- .
C so1Ilk IS I atm. The molal ck vation constant of water is
1
I1I11 I1 ' I
i , \\'hill IS I ll' nwlc frnrti11n of ti ' _ _ _ Kk g mol 1•
() ' . I I . lC llClll•
, ,,11111 k ~nl11t.: Ill t ICso 11tmn'l (A) 0.53 (B) 0.88 (C) 1.8 (D) 5.3
(,<\) (),1 (I\) 0.3
7. Kh is given by
\l'l 0.5 (D) 0.7 W x lOOO
,\T, x Wl xM, (ll) 1
(A) s r,x W,x M1
• t 100
11 •
K. wlwn n solute is nJJcJ to a so1vent IOOO x W1
its \':ip,nir prcs~un: ow r mercury rc,luccs " ' W1 x I000
4, Tl ,rom hT~)( w, X Ml (D)
5ll nun 1'.) • mm. ic value of mole fraction of (C)
IOOO x W2 ~T~x W2 x M2
~,11111c w111 he .
(A) 0.005 (B) O.ot 2.9 Depression in freeLlnJ'? point
\Cl 0.1 (D) 0.9
1. For a given liquid. the temperature at which the
The mathcmatiral expression for relative vapour pressure of solid phase is equal to the
.. towering. . _ __
' of vapour pressure 1s vapour pressure of liquid phase is called
1'~- 1'1 = W,M1 r po
(A) (ll) ~ = W~M1 (A) elevation of boiling point
r"I P, W1M2 (B) freezing point
I', - 1'~ = W,M1
(D) r;-r, - w,M, (C) boiling point
I'"I WM
I 2
r,o - W2M2 (D) depression of freezing point
2. Solute when dissolved in water - - -
!.8 Boilinl! point clevi,tion (A) increases the vapour pressure of water
(B) decreases the boiling point of water
1. Which of the following statement is CORRECT (C) decreases the freezing point of water
for the boiling point of solvent, containing a (D) increases the freezing point of water
dissolved solid substance?
(A) Boiling point of the liquid is lowered. 3. The difference between the freezing point of
pure solvent and that of the solution is the
(8) lloiling point of the liquid is elevated.
(C) There is no effect on the boiling point. t
(D) Boiling point of the liquid becomes equal (A) cryoscopic conS ant
to the boiling point of water. (B) freezing point of solute
(C) ebullioscopic constant
?. The boiling point of a solution of a non-volatile (D) depression of freezing point
solute is always ____ 4• ·
Depression · freezing point in any dilute
m
(A) lower than the boiling point of the solvent solution containing a non-volatile solute is
(8) higher than the boiling point o( the directly proportional to _ __
solvent (A) molarity of the solution
(C) equal to the boiling point of the solvent (B) molality of the solution
ID) independent of the boiling point of the (C) mass of solvent
solvent (D) mole fraction of solvent
---------------------- --------------------l
189
 7
' '

~HT-CET Triumph Cht mlstry (MCQs)

~-
0
Rl'lati,,n~hil' l--t't\\ 1, 1• 11 K1• m 11nJ ,\ Tr can ht' ' 4.
Ir t\\ 0 solution!! S(·paratcd by a semi~ ·
\\T1tk·n a~
memhranc ha\c the ~am~ osmotic pre,~,1r, ~
arc c/lllcd _____ solution~. '°"')
(A) .\T, --· 1\, / m ,\T1 - K 1m
(A) hypcrtonic (D) hypotnnic
<Cl ,\T, .,, K1 + m ,\T1 - m I Kr
(C) isotonic (I}) saturated
What is thr mnlality cif scilution of a cert~in
At constant temperature, the osmotic pr,,,
~olutr in a snh en1. if there is a frrezing point a solution is _ _ _ Ure ,{
d1'Prcssi,,n of 0.184 °C, and if the freezing point
1 (A) directly proportional to the concentrar
depression con~tant is I8.4 K kg moi- ?
(B) inversely proportional to 1rlll
(A) 0.01 m (8 ) I m
(C) 0.001 m
concentration ~
(D ) JOO m
(C) directly proportional to the ~quarc of
7. The molar mass of the solute using depression concentration II-it
of frrczing point may be calculated using the (D) directly proportional to the square r0o1
formula, - - the concentration or
-
(A) 6. If mole fraction of the solvent m a sol~
decreases, then
(B)
- --
(A) vapour pressure of solution increases
(B) boiling point decreases
(C) (C) osmotic pressure increases
(D) osmotic pressure decreases
(D) 7. Which statement is INCORRECT about os~
pressure (n), volume (V) and temperature (T)?
2.10 Osmotic pressure (A) 1t ex: IN ifT is constant.
(B) 1t ex: T ifV and n are constant.
I. _ _ _ can pass through a semipermeable ,
(C) 1t ex: V ifT is constant.
membrane. ·:
(D) nV is constant if T and n are constant
(A) Large solute molecules :
(B) Ions of high formula unit mass ' 8. I M and 2 M solutions of glucose are Pl'eJ)artd
(C) Solvent molecules in water. Hence, _ __
(D) Large solute molecules and solvent (A) the osmotic pressure of both the soluti~
molecules will be the same at the same temperature
2. Osmosis is a process in which _ __ (B) 2 M solution will have higher osmotic
pressure
(A) solvent molecules flow through a semi-
(C) I M solution will have higher osmotic
permeable membrane from a solution of
lower concentration to a solution of pressure
(D) osmotic pressure will be independent Ii
higher concentration
the concentration
(8) solute molecules flow through a semi-
permeable membrane from a solution of 9. The molar mass (M2) of W2 g solute and lht
lower concentration to a solution of osmotic pressure (n) of the solution prepared ii
higher concentration V litres by the solute at temperature T has lht
(C) solvent molecules flow through a semi- following relationship _ __
permeable membrane from a solution of
higher concentration to a solution of (A) M2 :: W2 RT (B) M, = W1R
nV • KT
lower concentration
(C) M2 =mRT/n (D) M2RT =•
(D) solute molecules flow through a semi-
penneable membrane from a solution of IO. The direction of osmosis can be reversed by
higher concentration to a solution of applying a pressure larger than the _
lower concentration 'I . pressure.
I (A) . absolute (B) abnosphcric
3. A solution having a hiper osmotic pressure :
than another solution is called a___ (C) osmotic (D) vapour
'
(A) hypotonic solution II. Pure water can be obtained from sea water "1
(B) isotopic solution
(C) isotonic solution (A) centrifugation (B) osmosis
(D) hypertonic solution (C) reverse osmosis (D) simple filll'lb(JII
 C,_ __ _ ~hapte~ ~: _S~lutio!'_s
( ,,llij!At~ Cr ~1~e! l'lit ~ o~-~~~~ro!~~- 4. The van ' t Hoff factor will be highcSl for
,.• I I ~---4-
-- i~ the mtio of colligati,·c pruix-rt of a
(A) sodium chloride
,. ~,,luti,1n l't cl~·tJ\\l)·_t~ lO the colligative ~11y of
(U) magnesium chloride
11
,,nd~-.:m,1)1c
. soh1t111n of the same conccntrnt·' .11)0, (C) sodium phosphate
l·" ) \ ,1~1ur rres~urc
(ll) ~fok frartion (D) urea
(Cl , an ·t ll,1ff factor S. van't llofT factor is _ __
(I)) Cryoscopic constant (A) less than one in case of dim,ciation
(B) always more than one
IJl'ntify the CORRECT equation .
(C) always less than one
•·• . (,ffr)
1"' - - (B) i =~ (D) greater than one in case of dissociation
(:\)
(,H r)o It
6. Which of the following is NOT the correct
(C) i == M,""°'""' (D) i = (£\P)o modified equation of colligative properties for
M-ical (£\P)
electrolyte solutions?
The :an't Hoff factor (i) for a dilute aqueous (A) tiP = i WiM, (B) 6Tb = iK!)lll
' .t M2 W1
solution of the strong electrolyte calcium
chloride is _ __ (C) llTr == ilOOOK,W1 (D) 1t= iM 2 RT
(A) 3 (B) 0 (C) (D) 2 M2W, w2 v

Critical Thinkin~

z.t Introduction 2.3 Capacity of solutions to dissolve solute

I. Which of the following is INCORRECT? 1. Which of the following is INCORRECT for

(A) Air is a mixture of gases. supersaturated solution?
(B) The size of particles of true solutions is (A) Supersaturated solutions are very stable.
less than the size of particles of colloids. (B) The precipitation occurs by the addition
(C) The component of a solution which is in of a tiny crystal of solute.
(C) The supersaturated solution changes to
smaller proportion is calh:d solvent.
saturated solution upon precipitation.
(D) Mixtures are either homogeneous or
(D) A supersaturated solution contains greater
heterogeneous.
than the equilibrium amount of solute in a
2.2 Types of solutions given amount of solvent.

I. Which of the following is CORRECT about 2.4 Solubility

solutions? 1. Which of the following statements is
(A) All the solids always act as solutes. INCORRECT?
(B) All the liquids always act as solvents. (A) NaCl dissolves in water.
(C) Gases can neither act as solvent nor as (B) Cholesterol dissolves in benzene.
solute. (C) Sugar does not dissolve in water.
(D) All the three states of matter may act as (D) Naphthalene dissolves in benzene.
solvent or solute.
2. Solubilities of _ _ _ in water increase
2. In which of the following, the physical states of appreciably with increasing temperature.
solute and solvent are solid and gas (A) NaBr, NaCl and KCI
respectively? (B) KNO3, NaNO3 and KBr
(A) Chlorofonn in nitrogen (C) NaBr, NaNO3 and KBr
(B) Iodine in air (D) NaCl, KCI and KNO3
(C) Carbon dioxide in water 3. The statement "If 0.003 moles of a gas are
(D) Benzoic acid in benzene dissolved in 900 g of water under a pressure of
3. In which of the following, the physical state of 1 bar, 0.006 moles will be dissolved under a
pressure of2 bar", illustrates: ---·
solute is NOT liquid?
(A) Dalton's law of partial pressure
(A) Ethanol in water
(B) Amalgam of mercury with silver (8) Graham's law
(C) Raoult's law
(C) Chlorofonn in nitrogen
(D) Henry's law
(D) Sea water
191
 Mtil•ClT lt lumph (hrmi,try (MC(l,)
.. \\ hr,, tlw , •'I' ,,f A 1 .11t,,,11.11,•,I , ,, tl ii, 111~
0 2. J h,· 1 •'I'''"" prn •wrc 111' 1·1hyl nkol1ol at l,
bn 1' 1.1r r t,,,nk 1, 1r1111, 11' ,I, rll.-111•,, r11< ,. 1~ •Ill 111111 111•, I(,; 11111 I~- I [,l l 111111
' Ill ' 1~ ~ ,,
' ;1 !h1lun,,
1'h 1 ,h1, nl ,111,· 1,, 1111·1h ~ 1 :ii, ,1h,1I 1, 0 •Ill \\ h.11 i, it, n ""'11\
\ \ I ,h-, 11 .1~(' 111 t, 111p,·1,1t1111' ptr" 111t' (111111111 Ilg) i11 ~ulut i,111 if the V~p.~lt
I I\) ll h 11',l,1' 111 h •1)1pr1.1t1111• oh,·~~ 1(11111 1Il ,~ l ,I\\ .,r n11,1111,
\l ') ,k, 11-.,,,, 111 , ,,1i,1,,1,1, ,,1 t 'O: ( i\l I <, (I\) ·l ll
\ I) \ llh'l\',l~l' 11\ l' \ t1•111.1I t'H' ,~lll l' (( ') 5(, (I> ) 11,0
I i,h,·~ 1'l'd1•t 111 lln· "'" ,,, la~w 111' " :1t1•r · .l .
~1:1~ 111 1: Ik1111·111· and t11h1c11c furrn rwarly .
1h11111~ ~11111111,· r ,LI~ s h·r:11i-t· :-11l11ti1111s. Al ~() ''(', the vapour pre,. hlt~I
l ·\ I th,• 11·111p1·1;1\111,· ,,t " .11,·r ;11 l,111 a la~ ,· r is h,·11,cne 1.s 75 torr and th:it ol. toluc11e i~•Slltc Of
,,r 22
h t)'h,· , nn,I II 1' 11111.1111~ 111\ll'l' ;1111(111111 ·1he partial \'apour pn·~~ure of b..:111.cnc at 1111t.
,li~~,,h ,._I ,,\~ ~,·11 r11•r a s,1I . . . 7" 2
11t11m co11ta111111g " g of hcn,c, ti ~r•
l1l ) th,· kn1prrnt111\' of 11 t1t1·r at l,1,wr 111~ a is 46 g nf toluene in torr is _ _ . • . le ~
k ~~l't nnJ it ,·,111tai11s 111111 C :11111111111 ,,r (A) 50 (II) 25
dis~oh c,1 ,,,~ gen ((') 37.5 (I>) SJ .5
l (') the r1 ,·s~llfl' ,,r \\ :lll'r (1\ lll\\l'f la)'l'r is 4.
k ~s,·r nn,I i1 n1111ain~ 111,1re 111111111111 of , The vapour prcs~ure of a pure liquid A is 70
1liss,1h ,·J ,1,n!1'11 at 27 "C. lt forms an i1kal solution with an ~
1
(D ) the pr1·ss1irc 11f wat n nl h•wl'r lay,·r is liquid B. The mule fradion of B is 0.2 an~ "
highl'r nnd ii c1111t.iins kss amount of total , llpour prl'ssurc of the solution is R4 torr1ht
diss,,h ,·,I 11,yg,·11 27 °C. The vapour pressure of pure liquid ll at
27 nc••.1s ___ torr. ~
b. Cias,·s ~11d1 a s l'Oi :111J NI I , arc more soluble in ' (A) 1-4 lB) 56
w :111:r than NJ. h,·causc ____ . (C) 70 (D ) 140
(A) h,,th hal'c k"" boiling points
lH) b11th arc able to form hydrngl'n h11nds 5. Consider:
with wata Solution X: Phenol and aniline
l C) lhcy urnkrgo <.:hcmical rcal'tion with wah:r Solution Y: Chlorofonn and acetone
(D) they displace air ti-.1111 wak·r Which of following is CORRECT as per
Raoult's law'?
7. The con,·cntration of dissolved oxygen in water (A) Solution X shows - vc and Y shows +vc
at 10 "C and at 0.24 bar partial pr~ssure of deviation.
oxygen is 3.12 x l O-4 11101 L-1. What is the (D) Doth solutions show - ve deviation.
Henry's law constant of dissolved 0 2 in water? (C) Solution X shows +ve and Y shows -vc
(A) 2.5 x 10 3 mol L- 1 bn( 1 deviation.
(R) 1 x 10 --4 11101 L- 1 bar 1 (D) Doth solutions show +ve deviation.
3
(C) 1.3 x l 0- mo! L- 1 ba( 1 2.6
Collij!ative properties of nonelectrolyte
(D) 1.3 x l 04 rnol L- 1 ba( 1
solutions
8. l11e solubility of nitrogen gas in water at 2 bar
1. Which are NOT colligative properties?
pressure at 25 °C is 13.6 x 104 mo! L- 1. (I) Refractive index
Calculate the solubility of N2 gas in water at (II) Relative lowering of vapour pressure
25 °C, when the partial pressure ofN 2 gas in the (111) Depression of freezing point
atmosphere is 1.56 bar. (IV) Elevation of boiling point
(A) 1.60 x 10-·1 mot L- 1 (V) Vapour pressure
(B) 2.16 x 10-3 mot L- 1 (VI) Osmotic pressure
(C) 1.06 x 10-3 mot L- 1 (A) 1. V (8) 11, 111, VI
(D) 2.60 x 10- 3 mot L- 1 (C) I, VI (D) 1, II, V
2.5 Vapour pressure or solutions of liquids in 2.7 Vapour pressure lowering
liquids
1. If If and P1 are the vapour pressures of a
l. The vapour pressure of water at 300 K in a
solvent and its solution respectively, and if N1
closed container is 0.4 atm. If the volume of the
and N2 are the mole fractions of the solvent and
container is doubled, its vapour pressure at non-volatile solute respectively then, _ .
300 K will be - - -
(A) 0.8 atm (8) 0.2 atm (A) P1 = Pi°N 1 (B) P, = P.°N2
(C) 0.4 atm (D) 0.6atm (C) r,0 = P,N2 (D) r, = rt (Ni/Nil
-- --·------·--~-·-·"• ·----·- ·•----- - -----~------·-- ------ ---
192
 111c ';ip,.mr rr~~u~ Clf a l:1,h cnt A · ·
.C, I
Chapter 2: Solutions

(II) 206.88 g mol

I

\\ h(n ll n,m-, ,,fotilc Sllh!-t~ncc n i• IJSJO.~O atn:i, (A) 210.5g mol -1

· ' a l'd lo this (C) 215.2g mol 1 (I)) 200.8 g ino1
~,h cnl IIS '.l('\lllt rrc~!-Urc Jn,rs l,
\\lw.1 i~ lht• m,--tc fr:1,·1fon of l3 in sol l . 0.6 atm. JO. A solution is obtained by di,,nlvi ng 12 g of urea
~, . utton?
)
I .\l 1 ·: · ( R) 0.50 . (mokcular mass 60) in a litre of waler. Another
tC\ 0., 5 (0) 0.90 solution is ohtained hy dissolving 68.4 g of cane
sugar (molecular mass 342) in a litre of water at
l11c , :ir,,ur ·rrcssure of a J ilute aqueous solution
.
the same temperature. The lowering of vapour
.l
1,f g.Im:,,:-c 1s 750 mm Hg at 373 K. The
pressure in the first solution is _ _ _
fr;i..:u,,n of the solute is _ _ _ mole nd
(A) same as that of 2 solution
nd
l \) :;;~ (B) l n.6 (8 ) nearly onc-fiflh of the 2 solution
1( ) (0 ) 1/10 nd
(C) double than that of 2 solution
nd
of .vapour rrcssure of a d'I (D) nearly fi ve times that of 2 solution
• e lowering
Relati, f , ute
~~,tut1on o g1ucose d1ssoh·ed in I kgo f \\ater
. .
1s
_ _ 2.8 Boiling poiot elevation
0 001
n,e molality of the solution is 1. The molal boiling point elevation constant for
1A) o.111 tB) - o-.o-_, t- water is 0.513 °C kg/mol. When 0.1 mole of
10 0.004 (0) 0.222 sugar is dissolved in 200 g of water, the solution
boils under a pressure of I atm at _ __
A small amount of a non-"ol • at'lI e, non-
electro1~1e solu~e is dissol\'ed in 56 _8 cmJ of (A) 100.513 °C (B) 100.0513 °C
benzene (density 0.889 g/cm\ At room (C) 100.256 °C (D) 101.025 °C
1
~emperalure, th e \'apour pressure of this solution 2. The value of Ki, for a solvent is X K kg mor .
1s 98.88 mm . Hg, while that of benzene 1s · A 0.2 m solution of a non-electrolyte in this
J(l() mm Hg. Fmd the molality of this solution. solvent will boil at _ __
(A) 0.144m (B) 14.4 m 0
(Given: boiling point of solvent= A C).
(C) 1.4-tm (0) 0.100m
(A) (A + X) °C (B) (A+ _!} °C
The vapour _pressure of benzene at a certain 10
6.
temperature is 640 mm of Hg. A non-volatile (C) (A+ ~) °C (0) (A+~ )K
and non-electrol)1e solute weighing 2.175 g is s 0.2
added to 39.08 g of benzene. The vapour 0.1 molal aqueous solution of glucose boils at
3.
pressure of the solution is 600 mm of Hg. The
I 00.16 °C. The boiling point of 0.5 molal
molar mass of the solute is _ _ _ g mor 1. aqueous solution of glucose will be _ __
(A) 49.50 (B} 59.6
(A) 500.80 °C (B) 100.80 °C
(C) 69.5 (0) 79.8
(C) 20.16 °C (D) 20.8 °C
7. The vapour pressure of a solution of 5 g of non-
4. The boiling point of water ( I 00 °C) becomes
electrol)1e in JOO g of water at a particular
2
temperature is 2985 N/m • The vapour pressure 100.52 °C, if 3 grams of a non-volatile solute is
2
of pure water is 3000 N/m • The molar mass of dissolved in 200 g of water. The molecular
weight of solute is - - -
the solute is - ~ - - 1
1 1 (Ki, for water is 0.52 K kg mor )
(A) 60 g mor (B) 120 gmor
1 1 (A) 12.2 g/mol (B) 15.0 g/mol
(C) 180 g mor (0) 380 gmor
(C) 17.3 g/mol (0) 20.4 g/mol
s. The vapour pressure of benzene at 80 °C is
5. The boiling point of a solution of 0.11 g of a
lowered by 10 mm by dissolying 2 g of a non-
substance in 15 g of ether was found to be
volatile substance in 78 g of benzene. The
0.1 °C higher than that of the pure ether. The
vapour pressure of pure benzene at 80 °C is
molecular weight of the substance will be
750 mm. The molecular mass of the substance
_ _.(Kt,= 2.16 K kg mor1)
will be _ _ _ g mor1• 1
(A) 148 g mor1 (B) 158 g mor
(A) 15 (B) 150 1 1
(C) 168 g mor (D} 178 g mor
(C) 1500 (D) 2000
6. When 10 g of a non-volatile solute is dissolved
9. The vapour pressure of water at 20 °C is
in 100 g of benzene, it raises boiling point by
17 .54 mm. When 20 g of a nonvolatile,
1 °C, then molecular mass of the solute is - -
nonionizable substance is dissolved in l 00 g of 1
water, the vapour pressure is lowered by (Ki, for benzene= 2.53 K m- ).
(A) 223 g mor
1 (B) 233 g mor
1
0.30 mm. What is the molecular weight of the 1 1
(C) 243 g mor (D} 253 g mor
substance?
193
MHT-CET Triumph Chemistry (MCQs)
..
I ,
0 The frce1i11g poinl of a ~olutiun c .... .
• (' () \,,11,tlh'
4.8 g of a compoum1 111 1 g of hen,~ .,,~,
' o 0 ( ' . What is 1hc, molar mas• llt ~
1
4.4" I '., hf
comp11u11J? (K, "" S. l K m , frcc1.i11g 11u· 'lit
bcn1c11e ~ 5.5 rq 'llt ~,
(A) IOO g. mor' (II) 200g rn01 1
1
__!)~pr r,,ion in frrt>ting point (C) 300 g mol (D) 400 g nio1 1
1. 1f molality of the dilute solution is doubled the 9. 1.00 g of a non-electrolyte solute dissolve .
value of m,Jlal depression constant (Kr) wiil be 50 g of benzene lowered the freezing Po" d Ill
1
ben 7 cnc by 0.40 K. Molecular mass 0 ; 1Of
(A) halved solute wi ll be _ _ _ lilt
(D) tripled
(C) unchanged Kr for benzene is 5.12 K kg mol 1•
(D) doubled
(A) 256 g mor'
The freezing point of 0.05 molal solution of
(8 ) 2.56 g mor'
no~-electro1)1e in water is
(Kr= 1.86 K kg mor') - - - (C) 512 g mol- 1
(A) 271.3 K (D) 2.56 x I o◄ g mor '
(B) - 0.93 K
(C) 272.907 K (D) - 0.093 K 10. 0.440 g of a substance dissolved in 22
2
3. The molal freezing point depression constant for of benzene lowered the freezing poin; g
benzene by 0.567 °C. The molecular mas or
water is 1.83 K kg mor'. If 342 g of cane sugar .
the substance 1s _ __
sw
(C12H22O11) is dissolved in I000 g of water, the
solution will freeze at (Kr= 5.12 K kg mor'.)
- -- (A) 178.9 g mor' (8 ) 157.8 g rnor'
(A) - 1.86 °C (B) 1.86 °C
(C) - 3.92 °C (D) 2.42 °C (C) 126.7 g mor' (D) 165.6 g rnor'
4. The amount of urea to be dissolved in 500 g of 11. The depression of freezing point of water for
water to produce a depression of 0.186 K in the particular solutio~ is_0. I86 K. The boiling po~
freezing point is of the same solution 1s _ __
---
(Krforwater = l .86Kkgmor 1) (Kr= 1.86 K kg mor', Kb = 0.512 K kg rnor')
(Molecular mass = 60 g mor') (A) 100.186K (B) 100.512K
(A) 0.6 g (B) 60 g (C) 273.512K (D) 373.0512K
(C) 3 g (D) 6 g
5. How much polystyrene of molecular mass
2.10 Osmotic pressure
9000 g mor' would have to be dissolved
1. Which of the following statements ~
in I 00 g of C6H6 to lower its freezing point
CORRECT?
by 1.05 K?
(A) For calculating osmotic pressure, it is
(Kr ofC~6 = 4.9 K kg mor1).
necessary to express concentration in a
(A) 19.3g (B) 193g temperature independent unit Im
(C) 38_.6 g (D) 77.2 g molality.
6. 6 g of substance x dissolved in I00 g of water (B) Osmotic pressure is useful to detennint
lowers the freezing point by 0.93 K. The molar molar. masses of very expensive
mass ofx is - - - substances.
(Kr= 1.86 K kg mor 1) (C) The semipenneable membrane selectively
(A) 60 g mor1 (B) 120 g mor' allows passage of solute molecules.
(C) 180 g mor' (D) 140 gmor' (D) If two hypotonic solutions are separated
by a semipenneable membrane, there is
7. A solution containing 6.8 g of a non-ionic solute no flow of solvent in either direction.
in 100 g water was found to freeze at 272.07 K.
The freezing point depression constant of water 2. The osmotic pressure at 17 °C of an aqueous
is 1.86 K kg mor 1. The molar mass of the solute solution containing 1.75 g of sucrose per
is _ __ 150 mL solution is
---
(A) 13.6 g mor1 (B) 34 gmor1 (A) 0.81 atm (B) 0.08 atm
(C) 68g mor 1 (D) 136 g mor' (C) 8.1 atm (D) 9.1 atm
194
r
, , 1111 ,,,11\ 1 1.. ,1 ., f I .
~,,1 1111011<; nlllt.1i11inn
C, Chapter 2: Solutions

" '" •e, e O 'Ori ' (C) 0.1 m llaCh solution

"' ,n 4~11, ml . :111,I- ~() ~ of 'M1crosc (1111)ICCII Iar\;
~· ·
(lie isiltonic lh
(D) 0.1 111 FcCli s11luti1m
nI•n'' ., -l ~) J'l' t litre
. · c mo1ar
ni.•'' 1,f bn11, nnd ,s ________. 6. 0.5 M solution of urea i, i~1,1m1ic with _______•
l.O, I ti, (A) 0.5 ~1 NaCl solution
(B ) 1.63 x I0()0 x 342
~o 20x 450 (B) 0.5 M sugar solution
ltih342 x 450 20 x 342x 450 (C) 0.5 M BaCl2 solution
(D) (D) 0.5 M solution of ben,.oic acid in benzene
10()() 1o. 20
1000 x 1.63
11-111,,tic pn:1-sure
']
of a sugar solution at 2,
. " IS
oc • 7. Which has the minimum frce1ing point?
: 5 :11111 . 1 1e c~nc~ntratton of the solution in (A) One molal NaCl solution
gr:11n mole per litre 1s _ __ (B) One molal KCI solution
iA) 10.25 (B) 1.025 (C) One molal CaCli solution
1(') 102.5 (D) 0.1025 (D) One molal urea solution

0.6 g of a. solute is dissolved in 0.1 L of a 8. The freezing points of equimolal solutions of

slllvcnt, which develops an osmotic pressure of glucose, KNO3 and AlCl.1 are in the order of
1.23 atm at 27 °C. The molar mass of the
suhstancc is _ __ (A) AIC1 3 < KNO3 < Glucose
(A) 149.5 g/mol (B) 120.15 g/mol (8) Glucose < KNO3 < AICl3
(C) 430 g/mol (D) 60 g/mol (C) Glucose < AlCl3 < KNO3
(D) A1Cl3 < Glucose < KNOJ
%.tl ( olli~ati"e properties of electrolytes
9. Which will show maximum depression in
1. Consider the following 3 solutions at I atm freezing point when concentration is 0.1 m?
pressure prepared using I kg water and 0.1 mol (A) NaCl (B) Urea
NaCl, 0.25 mol NaCl and 0.5 mol NaCl. (C) Glucose (D) K2SO4

IO. Which one of the following has the lowest

.... --,--- -- ·-------- vapour pressure at 20 °C?
0.1 m 0.25 m 0.5m
NaCl solution NaCl solution NaCl solution
(A) 0.1 M urea solution
(B) 0.1 M potassium chloride solution
(I) (II) (Ill) (C) 0.1 M sodium sulphate solution
The CORRECT increasing order of their boiling (D) 0.1 M sodium phosphate solution
points is: The ratio of the value of any colligative property
(B) 11<111 < 1
11.
(A) I < II < III for KCI solution to that of a sugar solution is
(C) Ill < II < I (D) ll<l<II
nearly _ _ _
l The CORRECT relationship between the boiling (A) 1 (B) 0.5
points of very dilute solutions of AICh (t 1) and (C) 2.0 (D) 3
CaCli (t2) , having the same molar concentration
is _ __ 12. How many grams of KCI should be added to
1000 g of water, so that the freezing point
(A) l1 = t2 (8)
(D) reduces to - IO °C?
(C) t2> t1
(Kr for water = 1.86 K kg mor').
3. Which of the following solution has highest (A) 74.5 g (B) 745 g
osmotic pressure? (C) 268 g (D) 199.66 g
(A) I M NaCl (B) I M urea
(C) I M sucrose (D) I M glucose 13. The elevation in boiling point of a solution of
13.44 g of CuCli in I kg of water will be
,. ln equimolar solution of glucose, NaCl and _ _ _ K. (Molecular mass of CuCli = 134.4
BaCl2, the order of osmotic pressure is _ __ and Kt,= 0.52 K m- 1)
(A) Glucose > NaCl > BaCh (A) 0.16 (B) 0.05
(8) NaCl > BaCh > Glucose (C) 0.1 (D) 0.2
(C) BaCJ2 > NaCl > Glucose
(DJ Glucose > BaCh > NaCl 14. If a is the degree of dissociation ofNaiSO~. the
5. Which of the following will have the highest van't Hoff's factor (i) used for cakulating the
freezing point at one atmosphere? molecular mass is _ __
(A) 0.1 m NaCl solution (A) I + a (B) 1- a
<B) 0.J m sugar solution , (C) I + 2a (D) 1- 3a
- ---~---.. . ---- --· . .--·- ----·-----• . -------------·-··-··•·· . -•.·- -· ~----· ------ -------------l
195
 0
• ♦ C'onc,·1,1 Fu,lon
----- • ♦

\\1u~h ,,f the f~,11,,wing is the CORR ECT s. Pressure cooker reduces couking time fi" r,
!illltcnwnt·~ because _____. '"-I
(.\ ) 11,c- s,,l111i,,ns co111aining non-\'olatile (A) heat is mMe evenl y distrihutcd .
11,,lut,·s b,'11 At temperatures lower than the cook .mg space lfl n.
"'t
l-,,iling point of a pure s,1lvcnt. (B) boiling point of water involved inc .
( U) n,e Yap,,ur pressurc of ideal solution is is increased °'ik 1~1
higher than the Yapour prcssurcs of pure (C) the higher pressure inside the
c-omponcnts. cnishcs the food material C(~"

(C) A scmipcm1cable membrane selectively (D) cooking involves chemical

allows passage of solute molecules. helped by a rise in temperature
(D) Ebullioscopic constant is the boiling point 6. Select the CORR ECT option for a SOl11t·
cleYation produced by I molal solution. containing non-volatile solute in it. ~
(A) r;< Tr (B) r: < Tb
\\lien swimming for a long time in salt water,
6P = P, x,
0
the skin of one's fingertips wrinkles. Which one (C) (D) 6Tr == Tr- r.
r
Clf the following properties is responsible for this 7. Which of the following is CORRECT?
obser\'ation?
(A) The colligative property of 0.1 rn l<.Q
(A) Osmosis
solution is half that of 0.1 m glueose
(B) Dialysis solution.
(C) Vapour pressure (B) If osmotic pressure of sucrose solution .
(D) Coagulation higher than that of urea solution, ~
3. sucrose solution is hypotonic to ~
Addition of common salt to a sample of water
solution.
will
- -- (C) The freezing point of an aqueous solution
(A) increase its freezing point and increase
containing glucose is higher than that of
the boiling point pure water.
(B) decrease its freezing point and increase (D) 0.2 m sucrose solution has a highc,
the boiling point boiling point than that of 0.1 m suCl'Ost
(C) increase both the boiling point and solution.
freezing point
8. Henry's law constant for the solubility ofN2 gas
(D) decrease both the boiling point and
freezing point in water at 298 K is 1.0 x I05 atm. The molt
fraction ofN2 in air is 0.8. The number of moles
4. The term cryoscopic constant and ebullioscopic ofN2 from air dissolved in 10 moles of water a
constant are related with _ _ _ respectively. 298 K and 5 atm pressure is
---
(A) depression in freezing point and elevation (A) 4.0 x I 04 (8) 4.0 x 10-s
in boiling point (C) 5.0 x 10-" (D) 4.0 x JO~
(B) depression in boiling point and elevation 9. After adding non-volatile solute, freezing poinl
in freezing point
of water decreases to -0.186 °C.
(C) depression in both freezing point and
Calculate 6 Tb if Kr = 1.86 K kg mor1 and
boiling point
Kt,= 0.521 K kg mor1•
(DJ elevation in both freezing point and (A) 0.521 K (B) 0.0521 K
boiling point
(C) 1.86 K (D) 0.0186 K

\IIIT-CTT Pn·, ious \ l'ar,· Q111:,tio11, ♦ ♦ ♦

I. Find the Kt if 6 g of urea is dissolved in 0.1 dm3 2. 9 g of glucose (mol wt = 180) is dissolved ill
of water and it corresponds to 0.15 °C in ~Tr- 90 g of H20. Relative lowering of vapoll
(Molecular weight of urea = 60 g mor 1) pressure is _ _ _ 120111
(20IO)
(A) 0.99
(B) 0.099
(A) 0.015 (8) 0.15 (C) 0.0099
(C) 0.30 (D) 0.030 (D) 0.00099
196
 i(l , IO • l~ ,,f url'll lliss,
. ~ln-J in water
• to nrn,:c
1.
0 It.
Chapter 2: Solutioni

The osmotic prc,;surc <1 f ~olution ,,mtairtin,g

,il<l 111 I A'llll'\'11SsoI1111011 nn.t th,·s .-OU
~ I 1IOI\
, .
IS
34.2 g <1f cane sugar (rnolJr ma~s .,.. 3-ll g mol )
,,l,11,ntl·. ",1h c,llll'•i.11~ar. solution. Ilow much in IL of solution at 20 ''C i, _~--. _ .
I II
,,,.,~~ ,11 c/lm' wg..ir Ill lls line litre solution? ' (Gi·,cn: R "' 0.082 L ntm K 11111 )
111 1.N s- 14,O -e l6. C= 12) 120131 12017(
('\ ) 17. 1 g (B) 171.0g ( B) J.6 atrn
(A) 2.40 atm
1
n 3.42 g (D) 34.2 g
(C) 24 atm
(()) 0.0024 .itm
, ·:ip,)llr_rrcssure of pure solvent and its solution
:it ccr1a1n tcm~crature are 660 mm and 600 mm 12. The CORRECT relation hetwccn elevation c,f
boiling point anJ molar m3SS of solute
,,f Ilg rcspcct1vcly. ~f 3.6 x 10- 3 kg of solute is is_ _ (2018)
added into 40 x Io- kg of solvent, what is the
Kt - WI
rn('ll3r mass of solute?
(A) M1= Kb. WI (R) M2"" ,:\T, . w1
(solvent = Benzene, C = 12, H = I) 120131 ,:H. •W,
(A) 78.0 g mor' (B) 58.5 g mor1 _ tiT,
M1 - · K, M = ~Th - Wl
(D) 2 K b .wJ
(0) 156 g mor 1 (C) ~
(C) 72.0 g mor' Wl, Wl
\'an ·1. Hoff factor for aqueous monofluoroacet·IC
13. If the elevation in boiling point of a solution of
acid is____. (20131
50 g of solute (molar mass = 100) in 500 g of
(A) 1 = I + 2 a (B) i = I - 2a
water is 6 Tb· The ebullioscopic constant Kb of
(C) i = I + a (D) i = I - a water is equal to _ _ _ (20191
If M, W and V represent molar mass of solute (8)
6. (A) 100 6Tb
mass of solute and volume of solution in litre~
respectively, which among following equations (C) 106Tb (D)
is TRUE? (201S1
(A) 7t = MWR (B) 7t = TMR 14. The osmotic pressure of solution at 0 °C is
TV WV 4 atm. What will be the osmotic pressure at
TWR = TRV 546 K under similar condition? (20191
(C) n= - (D) 7t
VM WM (A) 2 atm (B) 8 atm
(C) 4 atm (D) 0.5 atm
: 7. van 't Hoff factor of centimolal solution of
K3[Fe(CN)6] is 3.333. Calculate the percent vant Hoff's factor for 0.1 m 8a(NO3h solution
(201S1
15.
dissociation ofK3[Fe(CN)6]. is 2.74. The percentage dissociation of it is
(A) 33.33 (B) 0.78 (2019(
(C) 78 (D) 23.33 (8) 100%
(A) 90%
8. The relation between solubility of a gas in liquid (C) 87% (D) 75%
at constant temperature and external pressure is
stated by which law? (20161 16. The elevation in boiling point of 0.25 molal
(A) Raoult's law aqueous solution of a substance is
1 (20191
(B) van't Hoff Boyle's law (Kb = 0.52 K kg mor )
(C) van't Hoff Charles' law (A) 0.13 K (B) 2.08 K
(D) Henry's law (C) 0.50K (D) 0.15 K
9. Identify the compound amongst the following of
17. What is the mass of sucrose in its IL solution
which 0.1 M aqueous solution has highest 1
which is isotonic with 6.6 g L- of urea?
boiling point. (20161
(Atomic mass: H = I, C = 12, N = 14, 0 = 16)
(A) Glucose
(B) Sodium chloride 120191
(C) Calcium chloride (A) 37.62 g (B) 30.l g
(D) Ferric chloride (C) 68.2 g (D) 34.2 g
10. For which among the following equimolar 18. Vapour pressure of solvent A is 0.90 atm, when
aqueous solutions, van't Hoff factor has the a non-volatile solute is added, vapour pressure
lowest value? (20171 drops to 0.60 atm. What is mole fraction of A in
(A) Aluminium chloride solution? (20201
(8) Potassium sulphate (A) 0.500 (8) 0.667
(C) Ammonium chloride
(C) 0.300 (D) 0.333
(DJ Urea
--------·-·-----~-~------·---....~ ..
197
MHT•CET Triumph Chcmi§try (MCQs)
\n lltn:llf,l tll
0
1,f mcrrnry \\ith ~odium i~ an 28. Wlwt is \apour pressure <1f a ~11l11tion conr~i .
\' '\:imrk \,f 11
120201 2.4 g urea in IO.Rg of w:.1tcr'l ( If .., 40() ltttrt "'I
atomic m:t!-!I of: C ,. 12. fJ ~ I, 0 .., 16, N ... ,•11.
(\) li,iu,.t m liqmd i-0lution
lHl ~,,HJ in li'llliJ :-,,lut i,,n 41
lr) ~,,lid in sol!J solution (B) 210 120211
(A) 375 mm Ilg mrn Ilg
~l) ) liquid in s,,lid solution
(C) 160 mm Ilg (D) 260 mm Ilg
\\ lint is osn11,1ic pressure of a scmimolar
~,,tut ion Ol 27°( ? (R = 0.082) 120201 29. The molar mass of solute is double that
(A) 4.96 atm (B) 2.46 atm I )"' that llf
solvent and weight of solute is ( Of
(C) 12.3atm (D) 20.Satm 10
Solutions A, Il, C and D are respectively 0.2 M solvent in a solution. If vapour prcss11r
urea. 0.10 M NaCl, 0.05 M IlaCli and 0.05 solvent is 200 mm Hg. what is lowenn; ~
AlCh. All solutions are isotonic with each other vapour pressure of solution? 120 111
21
except _ _ _ I20201 (A) 40 mm Ilg (13) 20 mm Hg I
(A) C (Il) D (C) 10 mm Hg (D) 30 mm Hg
{C) A (D) B
30. What is Henry's law constant if solubility of
22. Wl1ich of the following 0.10 m aqueous
gas in water at 298 K and I bar pressure .1
solutions will have maximum 6Trvalue? _.. I L- 1? II
7 x 10 mo • 120211
120201 (A) 2.0 x 10· 5 mol L_, bar· '
(A) KI (B) C12H22O11
(C} Al2(SO4)J (B) 7.0 x Io"" mol L- 1 bar· 1
(D) NH2- CO-NH2
(C) 3.5 x I0· 1 mot L· 1 bar· 1
23. A solution has an osmotic pressure of 'X' k.Pa at (D) 3. 1 x 10· 5 mol L· 1 bar· 1
300 K having one mole of solute in 10.5 m3 of

C~ r
solution. If its osmotic pressure is reduced to

solution?
initial value, what is the new volume of

120201
31. What is the freezing point of I molal a<JUeoua
solution of a non-volatile solute?
(Kr = 1.86 K kg mor') ('J1 for water= 0°C)

(A) 105 m1
120211
(B) 30 cm1 (A) -0.93°C (B) -2.43°C
(C) 110 cm1 (D) I 1.0 m1
(C) - 3.72 °C (D) - I .86°C I
24. A 5% solution of cane sugar (molar mass 342) is
isotonic with I% solution of non-electrolyte 32. Vapour pressure of solution and of pure solveit
substance X, the molar mass of substance X is: are P1 and Pi0 respectively.
(2020)
(A) 34.2 g mor 1 (B) 171.2 g mor 1 If : 10 is 0.15, find the mole fraction of solute.
1 I
(C) 136.8 g mor1 (D) 68.4 g mor
120211
25. Osmotic pressure of one molar solution at 27 °C (A) 0.66 (B) 0.85
is _ _ (20201 (C) 0.15 (D) 0.33
(A) 24.6 atm (B) 12.1 atm
(C) 2.46 atm (D) 1.21 atm 33. What is the value of molal elevation constant of
a solvent if 50 g solute (molar mass 111) when
26. What is the value of Henry's law constant for dissolved in 150 g of it has elevation in boiling
CH 1Br if its solubility is 0.08 mol L- 1 at 0.5 bar? point of 8.3 K? (20211
(20211 (A) 4.72 K kg mor 1
(A) 0.50 mo! L- 1 bar1 (B) 0.52 K kg mor'
(8) 0.40 mol L- 1 bar· 1
(C) 2.76 K kg mor 1
(C) 0.16 mo! L- 1 bar- 1
(D) 1.86 K kg mor 1
(D) 0.08 mol L- 1 bar- 1
34. What is the relation between boiling poa
27. Calculate molar mass of solute if 5 g of it in
I00 g of solvent has the depression in freezing elevation and molality of solution? 110111
point 2.1S K. (Kr for solvent = 14.7 K kg mor1). 1
(A) Kb = - - (B) Kt,=~
120211 ATb x m ATb
1
(A) 180 g mor 1 (8) 78 g mor
1
(C) 60gmo1" (D) 342 g mor 1

198 I
 0
(ttkul.lll' the- pn.·s,1irc- nf pM if the Sl,ht"ility nf ' ,H,
Chapter 2: Sol1.1tions

The vapour prcs~ure Of pure

warcr ot ril<\ITl
aqul'uus
14 '. \\ ,ltl't nt ~5'T is t'I.S~ ~- 10 4 nml din 1 temperature t~
. 40
m~
Ilg In an '
· ,olc fraction
f~' 111 .
·, • , , · , fa" l·nn~t:rnt is 6.~5 x 1(l ◄ mot d,11 ) • solutitin of a non-volattle solute, " . of
(I l 111 . . h ·anour pressure
t,:tl ) 120221 of water is 0.9. What 1s I c v ' - (20221
t -'l I lw lll ) 0.5 tw solution? mm I lg
\l ' I l~ l'>nr (D) 2.0har (A) 30 mm Ilg (B) 40
(C) 36 mm Hg (D) 32 mrn Hg
\\ l,:ili~ thl' 1111,lnr mass of solute "hen 2.3 gram . t · c btaincd by
,~ , ., (,latik ~1,J11tc dissolved in 46 gram A solution of nonvolatile so ute 15 ' T
111 11
1-<•nii·nc at 30"C_? dissoh·ing 3.5 g in I00 g solvent has bo1 ing
\Rcl:iti, c l1mwmg of va~ur pressure is 0.06 point elevation 0.35 K. Calculate the molar mass
,.1 m,1nr mass of benzene 1s 78 gram mor')
31 1
120221
of solute.
(Molal elevation constant = 2.5 K kg mol ii
-•
0231
(.:\ ) 72 gram mo!:: (ll) 48 gram mor'
(A) 270 g mor t (8) 260 g mol 1
(0 65 gram mot (D) 80 gram mor'
(C) 250 g mor t (D) 240 g mor•
,·. Find the freezing point depression of solution Which of the following concentration terms
. haring molality 0.25 mo) kg- 1 and cryoscopic 45.
120221 depends on temperature? . I20231
constant 4.8 K kg mor'.
(A) Molality (B) Molarity
(A) 3.0 K (B) 1.2 K (D) Percent by mass
(C) Mole fraction
lC) 2.5 K (D) 2.0 K
46. Which among the following solutions has
\\'hich among the following statements is TRUE minimum boiling point elevation? 12023 1
18
· · about the boiling point elevation? 120221
(A) 0.1 m NaCl (B) 0.2 m KNOJ
(A) It is i1wersely proportional to molarity of (C) 0.1 m Na2SO4 (D) 0.05 m CaCl2
the solution.
(B) It is directly proportional to molarity of 47. What type of following solutions is the gasoline?
the solution. (20231
(C) It is inversely proportional to molality of (A) Liquid as solute and liquid as solvent
the solution. (B) Liquid as solute and solid as solvent
(D) It is directly proportional to molality of (C) Solid as solute and liquid as solvent
the solution. · (D) Gas as solute and liquid as solvent
. 48. Calculate the solubility of gas in water at 25°C
39. What is the molality of solution that has and 0.328 atm.
freezing point depression 3 K and freezing point
1
[KH = 0.159 mol dm-3 atm- 1 at 25°C] (20231
depression constant 5 K kg mor ? 120221 2
(A) 4.1 x 10- mo! dm- 3
(A) 0.5 m (8) 0.7 m (B) 2.5 x 10-2 mol dm-3
(C) 0.85 m (D) 0.6 m (C) 5.21 x 10-2 mol dm-
3

41). What is the mass of solute having molar mass (D) 1.56 x 10- mol dm- 3
2

60 g mor 1 when dissolved in 98 gram solvent 49. What is the molar mass of solute if 3 gram
decreases its freezing point by 0.2 K? solute dissolved in 36 gram water? (Molar mass
(The numerical value of cryoscopic constant of H2O = 18 g mor 1 and relative lowering of
solvent is 1.17) (2022) vapour pressure is 0.025) (2023)
(A) 2.0 gram (8) 1.5 gram · 1
(A) 72 g mor1 (8) 48 g mor
(D) 1.0 gram 1 1
(C) 0.5 gram (C) 60 g mor (D) 84 g mor
41. Which of the following solutions has minimum so. Which among the following gases exhibits very
freezing point depression? (2022) low solubility in water at room temperature?
(A) 0.2 m MgCli (8) 2 m A!Ch • (20231
(C) 0.2 m KC! (D) 0.1 m NaCl (A) 02 (B) CO2
(C) NH3 (D) HCI
42. Calculate the cryoscopic constant when 0.8 gram
1
non-volatile solute with molar mass 64 g mor St. Calculate the depression in freezing point of
dissolved in 43 gram solvent lowers the freezing J
solution when 4 nonvolatile solute of molar
point by 0.34 K. (2022) mass 126 g mor dissolved in 80 mL water.
1 [Cryoscopic constant of water = 1.86 K kg mof' 1)
(A) 0.58 K kg mor
(B) 2.5 K kg mor1 (2023(
(C) 2.0 K kg mor 1 (A) 0.55 K (B) 0.74 K
_ (D) 1.17 K kg mor1 (C) 0.86 K (D) 0.86 K
------=----------------- -------------199
MHT-CET Triumph Chemistry (MCQs)
- - . - - - . ·•- -· -- ·•··· ... ~
~
---... ---...
Sl. Cnkulate m,1lalitv nf ~olution of a nonvolatile (C) Volume of ideal solution is same · '
s,\lute ha, ii,g ~ i ling point elevation 1.89 K if of volumes of two components la~ 11ttii
hoilin~ point ck rntion c,,nstnnt of solvent is mixing. en far
3.15 K kg mnr 1• 120231 (D) The vapour pressure of ideal solur
lA) 0.4 m (B) 0.8 111 either higher or lower than 1011 ~
l l') 0.6 m (D) 0.3 m pressure of pure components. Vann..
•"Ill
5~. 0.2 M aljucous solution of glucose has osmotic 61. Calculate osmotic pressure of 0.2 M a
pressure 4.9 atm at 300 K. What is the KCI solution at 0°C if van't l-lolT factor fiqllelllls
l'0nccnlration of glucose if it has osmotic
pressure 1.5 atm at same temperature? 120231
is 1.83. [R = 0.082 dm 3 atm mo1 ·1 K- 1]
(A) 8.2 atm
~i
l<CJ
023
(8) 9.4 atm 1
(A) O.o3 M (B) 0.04 M (C) 10.6 atm (D) 6.5 atm
(C) 0.05 M (D) 0.06 M
62. A solution of 5.6 g nonvolatile solute in
'What type of solution is the ethyl alcohol in
water? 120231
solvent has elevation in boiling point 1,750
What is the molar mass of solute
5
l
(A) Liquid in solid (B) Solid in liquid ·
(C) Liquid in liquid (D) Gas in liquid (Kb = 3 K kg mor 1)?
(A) 192 g mor 1 120231
(B) 200 g mor1
ss. Find the depression in freezing point of solution (C) 184 g mor' (D) 176 g mo1-1
when 3.2 gram non volatile solute with molar
mass 128 gram mor 1 is dissolved in 80 gram 63. What is the molal elevation constant if one &rain
solvent if c~oscopic constant of solvent is mole of a nonvolatile solute is dissolved in I kg
4.8 K kg mor . (2023) of ethyl acetate? (6Tb = xK) (20231
(A) 3.0 K (B) 1.5 K (A) x K kg mor 1
(C) 2.0 K (D) 2.5 K (B) .:: K kg mor 1
56. 2
Which of the following solutions exhibits lowest (C) 2xKkgmor1
value of boiling point elevation assuming
(D) 3x Kkgmor 1
complete dissociation? (2023)
(A) 0.1 m AICh (B) 0.Ql m MgC!i 64. What is the molality of solution of a nonvolatile
(C) I m KCI (D) 0.5 m NaCl solute having boiling point elevation 7. l 5 Kand
57. molal elevation constant 2.75 K kg mor1?
What is the solubility of a gas in water at 25°C
if partial pressure is 0.18 atm? (20231
3
(KH = 0.16 mol dm- atm- 1)
(A) 3.2 m (B) 2.0 m
(2023) (C) 2.6 m (D) 3.8 m
(A) 0.029 mol dm- 3 (B) 0.022 mo) dm-3
(C) 0.032 mo) dm- 3 (D) 0.Q38moldm-3 65. Which among the following salts exhibits
58. inverse relation between its solubility and
What is osmotic fressure of solution of I. 7 g
temperature? [20231
CaCii in 1.25 dm water at 300 K if van't Hoff
(A) NaBr (B) NaNO3
factor and molar mass of CaCii, are 2.47 and
(C) KNO3 (D) Na2SO4
111 g mor1 respectively?
[R= 0.082 dm3 atm mor1 K- 11 (2023) 66. What is Henry's law constant of a gas if
(A) 0.625 atm (B) 0.744 atm solubility of gas in water at 25°C is 0.028 mol
(C) 0.827 atm (D) 0.936 atm dm-3? [Partial pressure of gas = 0.346 bar]
59. A solution of nonvolatile solute is obtained by (20231
(A) 0.081 mol dm- 3 bar- 1
dissolving 1.5 g in 30 g solvent has boiling point
(B) 0.075 mol dm-3 bar-•
elevation 0.65 K. Calculate the molal elevation
(C) 0.093 mol dm-3 bar-•
constant if molar mass of solute is 150 g mor1•
(D) 0.049 mol dm-3 bar- 1
· (2023)
(A) 1.95 K kg mor1 (B) 2.23 K kg mor1 67. Which among the following salts dissolves in
(C) 1.52 K kg mor1 (D) 2.72 K kg mor1• water with the absorption of heat? (20231
60. Identify the FALSE statement about ideal (A) Na2SO4 (B) CaCli
solution from following. (2023) (C) LiiSO4•H20 (D) KCI
(A) Ideal solutions obey Raoult's law over 68. Calculate the osmotic pressure of 0.2 M aqud
entire range of concentration. solution of nonelectrolyte at 300 K..
(B) No heat is evolved or absorbed when two [R = 0.082 atm dm3 mor1 K- 1) [20231
components forming an ideal solution are (A) 1.23 atm (B) 2.46 atm
mixed. (C) 7.38 atm (D) 4.92 atm . __.,,
 (At.:11t:11c
. 0
l knry's _law c,)11~1ant if i.oluhil11y ~f
76..
Chap~er _2:_~o~utlo!_1S
Calculate 1hc rclath c l1l"" cring of -.apour
: ~O. nitfl'j,'.Cll p.as IO "ot~•r Ill 25~(' r rcssurc if the \ apour pressure of ~ n,.cnc a~d
s; ~ ,. IO ◄ m,11 ,tm '_ i!t
t,' . vapour pres~ure of so Iut1on · of non•-.·0lat1 lc
I1'11111:il pn·~~11rc ,,f nitr<,gl.'n ga5 ,. 0.9 h:1r I solute in bent.enc arc MO mml lg a1lJ
1202.\J 590 mmlfg rcspc,ti-.dy at same temperature.
( i\ l h .1'~ x 10 ◄ nwl d,n ' har, f20HI
(ll) 4.71 " 10 • mol dm ' har 1 (A) 0,07R (B ) 0.175
(C) .l ·t' , lll ◄ mnl Jm ' har 1 (C) 0.061 (D) 0.092
lp ) 7. t, , 111 ◄ nll1I 1h11 ' har 1
77. Which of the following solulions shows posi1i-.c
\\ t,,11 ,~th,· mnl.,r. mass .of a ·solute 1-f 3 so1ut,on
. deviation from Raoult's law? 120231
,, r rq~arcJ b)I' J ,_ssoh mg 0.8 gram !>olute in (A) Carbon disulphide + Acelnne
11 .i ,lm \\atcr
~-•> u
,a,
o mg
o
osmotic pressure 0 18
. atm
(D) Phenol + Aniline
~, ;(\11 " . ( ("\ =- .0" 2 atm Jm·1 K-1 mot-•) (C) Chloroform + Acetone
I20231 (D) Denzene + Chloroform
1
1.\ ) .:!7.U g mol (D) 260.1 g moJ- 1
1 78. Whal is vapour pressure of a solution containing
tC) .:!Q0.2 g mol (D) 300.0 g mo1 ·1 3 g urea in 8.1 g of waler?
•t. C:ikulatc the _mo~ar mass of solute when ( r,0 = 32 mm Hg, atomic mass C = 12, H = I,
50 gram .solute 1s dissolved in I SO gram soIven1 0 = 16, N = 14) 12023)
th:it bo11s al 84 C (Kb for solv t ·
0

' • -I : • en IS (A) 15.7 mm Ilg (B) 18.1 mm Hg

2.7 K kg mol and bo1ltng point of solvent is (C) 21.6 mm Hg (D) 28.8 mm Hg
75 ~c) 120231
(A) 134 g mo1-: (B) JOO g mo1-1 79. Which of the following solutions having same
(C) 236 g mol (D) 190 g mo1-1 concentration exhibits highest elevation in
boiling point? 120231
, il, What type of solution is obtained when (A) NaCl (8) AIPO.i
chloroform is mixed with excess dinitrogcn? (C) MgClz (D) KCI
120231
(A) Solid as solute and gas as solvent 80. What is mole fraction of solute in the solution if
(B) Liquid as solute and gas as solvent vapour pressure of pure solvent is 25.8 mm Hg
and vapour pressure of solution is 24.1 mm Hg
(C) Gas as solute and liquid as solvent at 30 °C? 12023)
(D) Gas as solute and solid as solvent (A) 0.036 (B) 0.028
73, A solution of 8 g of certain organic compound (C) 0.066 (D) 0.045
in 2 dm 3 water develops osmotic pressure
81, Calculate the freezing point depression of
0.6 attn at 300 K. Calculate the molar mass of
solvent when 20 gram of nonvolatile solute with
compound. [R = 0.082 abn dm 3 K- 1mol- 1] molar mass 60 g mo1- 1 is dissolved in
12023) I 180 gram solvent. (Cryoscopic constant of
(A) 148 g mo1- 1 (B) 164 g ~01- 1 solvent is 1.18 K kg mo1- 1) [2023)
(C) 172 g mo1- 1 (D) 180 g mo1- 1 (A) 0.33 K (B) 0.41K
(C) 2.5 K (D) 5.2 K
, 74. A solution of nonvolatile solute is obtained by
dissolving I g in I00 g solvent, decreases its 82. What is the vapour pressure of solution obtained
freezing point by 0.3 K. Calculate cryoscopic by dissolving urea in water at 20 °C if vapour
constant of solvent if molar mass of solute is pressure of water is 17 mm Hg and relative
60 g mo1- 1. (2023) lowering of vapour pressure is 0.025? [2023)
(A) 1.0 K kg moJ- 1
(B) 1.4 K kg moJ-1 (A) 16.58 mm Hg (B) 14.56 mm Hg
(C) 2.4 K kg moJ- 1 (D) 1.8 K kg mo1- 1 (C) 15.SlmmHg (D) 13.IOmmHg

i5. If 0.15 m aqueous solution of KCI freezes at 83. A solution of nonvolatile solute is obtained by
--0.51 °C, calculate van 't Hoff factor of KCI. dissolving 19 g in 200 g water. Calculate the
(Cryoscopic constant of water is 1.86 K kg mol- 1) molar mass of solute if relative lowering of
(2023) vapour pressure is 0.03. [2023)
(A) 57.00 g mo1- 1 (B) 60.24 g mo1- 1
(A) 1.45 (B) 1.26
(C) 65.14 g mo1- 1 (D) 59.28 g mo1- 1
(C) 1.82 (D) 3.00
201
 ----------11[!111---·- ------ --- -~- -..-
MHT..CET Triumph Chl'mistry (MCQs)
ft,l,
C11k11l;i1c the m1,lal dn Al t1'fl {"Oll~t;int ,,t ~,,h mt
0 \\ llllh among the fnlh1 ~i11~ l:1wi , 1
. - ae,
1 IL
if h,,1!111g J'l'•nl rln1111nn ,,f ~1,l11t1nn <'( ' r;irt,al \;ip<111r rrc~qure of any .· ·~,
n,,n, ,,l;11 t1,, !-1,hnr is (I 1:~ K nnd m,,l.1ht" l'f . . \r,l,u 1.
comroncnt " f a ~o Iut111n " c,p,al lo ~ '"
!-111 111 " ' " 1!- o ~~ m f20Bl rrr~~llfC of the pure w mrrn<'nl multipli d 'lf•"•
«A) il~ t,...kg11101 1 IH) 0.4 K kgmol 1 mole fracti,,n in the 1H,lull1lfl·~ l21l2; ;: ~,
IC) ii~ K l.g m,,J 1
10) 0.6 K kg mol 1 {A) Ra0ult's law ' lJI
(U ) llcnf) 'slaw
\\ 11il.'h fn,m following !-ubs1.anccs in their : (C) Dalton's law of rartial rreq~11re
i-,,Juti0m of !'-amc rnn1:cntratioo gcncratcs highest (D) Arngadro's law
osmotic J'IT'!-!-urc~ 12023)
92. Which from folio,, ing is an examrle of sof .
IA) Li:SO. (Bl KCl
of solid as solute and liquid as sohent? I?~
IC) AH SO.); (D l BaCI,
(A) Sea v.atcr (Bl Dra:-.s I
find tl1c mass of solute ha,·ing molar mass (() Gasoline (D) Iodine in air
60 g mo! 1 ~ hen dissolved in I 00 grams solvent 93. \\'hat is the e'!pectcd ,alue of 1Tr for o~
decrcasrs its freezing point by 0.2 K. ... Ill
aqueous CaCh solution if ,H r for 0.2 m s11cn
(Cry0scopic constant of solvent = 1.2 K kg mo1- 1)
solution is x K? 128~
12023)
(A) 0.5 gram (B) 1.5 gram (A) x (B ) 2x (C) 3x (D) !
(C ) 2.0 gram (D) 1.0 gram 2
94. Calculate the , apour pressure of a mix!Urt of
~ 7. Calculate the molality of solution of nonvolatile volatile liquids A and 8 if ~arour pressure of
solute ha, ing depression in freezing point pure liquids A and 8 at the same tcmperallot
2.88 K. are 450, 700 mm Ilg respe, tively.
(K, = 14.4 K Kg mo1- 1) 120231 [mole fraction of liquid B = 0.6] I20U!
(A ) 0.2 mol kg- 1 (8 ) 0.4 mol kg-1 (A) 480 mm Ilg (B) 600 mm Hg
(C} 0.6 mol kg-1 (D) 0.8 mol kg- 1 (C) 640 mm Ilg (D) 560 mm Hg
95. If freezing point of an aqueous solution
88. C.alculate the molal elevation constant if molality of is -0.93°C. then whal is its boiling point?
solution is 0.34 mol kg·-1• (,Hb = 0.68 K) (Boiling point of water 100" C,
2

12023) Kr = 1.86 Kg mot 1, Kb .. 0.52 Kg mot 1,

(A) 1.5 K kg mol 1 (B) 2.0 K kg mo1- 1 Freezing point of water = 0°(') l28Uf
(C) 2.5 K kg mol 1 (D) 3.0 K kg mo1- 1 (A) 100.26°( (B) I00.52°C
(C) 273.26°C (D ) 273.52°C
~9. ln which of the following solutions, there will
not be flow of solvent in either direction when 96. \\'hat is the mole fraction of 28 gram dinitrogca.
separated by scmipcm1eahle membrane? 8 gram helium and 60 gram neon resP',-cthdyia
12024, 20211 their mi\ture?
(A) 18 g urea dm l and I 8 g glucose dm · l (Molar masses of dinitrogen. helium and neon
(B ) 6 g urea dm·' and 24 g glucose dm-1
arc 28, 4, 20 g mol ' rcspectiH:ly) (21241
(C) 6 g urea dm · 1 and 36 g gluco~e Jm 1
(D) 6 g urea dm I and I 8 g glucose dm 1
(A) 2' 3 ' ¾ (B) ½' 6' 2
\\!hich of the follov. ing equation correcl ly (C) ½,½,¾ (D) 6'3'2
rcpre~ents molar mass of a sol uh! by J..nov. ing
97. Molal elevation constant for a 1iquiJ •
boilini point de\ll.tion? 12024, 2022)
7-~I°C ~g mol 1 • f'ind its ,·all.I( in lffl'I\S '
J(JOO ,. AT~ W,

K~-·
(A ) M, .:. _ ___.._ _.._x
Kd\in. I~
K~,,, w1 (A) 279.21 K lg m,,t 1
(H) ~M-~I
M ;::c IIJIJO , K,." W, (C) 7.2110gm,,l I tl>) ~IIOK~ miil '
. hT~)( W1
9tl. Whi,·h th,m fotl,,v. in~ liquid mi,t~ c ~
M ,;; JOIJ0, M1_x W,
fCJ negati\·e Jc, iation tn1m Ra,mh's la\\·~ I
• " ~1 w, (A) He,vene + toluene
llJl.fJ, Kt,, W, t II ) flhan,1I + 11.:etone
(DJ M - - - - - -~
., ~·~ /I, w, tC) C11~1n Jh1ultiJe ., ai:et,1ne
tl>) Phenol-+ 11niline
 ..,
_________ ··----------__A
v
,A~s11111ing co,m~lcte ~issociation arrange the
__·~----· - . - __ __ ·Qi•r>.t_·
· •!_Z=S.,lutlo11s
104. The molal elevation bo1hng point con.
____ _
stant for

v•• r:(, 1,iwino so utmns m orJer of d..

""1 e
•
tcrcasmg water is O.S I3° C Kg mo11 ·
i1~n11)tic rrc~~urc. f . 1.f O I mole of
(lj rnli:S<\ ii) 0.0S mKCI Calculate hoiling ~oint o solutt1on • ( 20241
i) sugar is dissolved m 200 g wa er7
iii) O•I mAl:{Sl\t iv) 0.15 mBaq
(A) I00.S 13 "C
12024) (D) 100.256 °c
tA) i > iii > iv > ii (C) 100.0513 °C
(H) iii > iv > ii > i
(D) 100.025 °C
l(') iv > ii > i > iii
lD) ii > i > iv> iii 105. What is the relation between the vapour
pressure of solution, vapour pre_ssure of solvent
Calculate the cryoscopic constant of solvent if and its mole fraction in the solution? (20241
1(l(l,
o.16 m solution of nonvolatile solute decreases (A) P1 = P;x1 (B) P.' = P1x1
its freezing point by 0.22 K. 12024)
(C) p1 = P;x1 (D) Pi"= P1x1
(A) 1.00 K (B) 1.38 K
(C) 1.52 K (D) 1.75 K 106. What type of solution the alloy is? 12024)
(A) Solid in liquid
. tOl, Which from following is a colligative property? (B) Gas in liquid
12024) (C) Solid in gas
(A) Vapour pressure of solvent (D) Solid in solid
(B) Boiling point of solvent
107. Which from following ionic solids exhibits
(C) Freezing point of solvent decrease in its solubility in water with increase
(D) Osmotic pressure of solution of temperature? [2024)
(A) NaCl (B) KN01
. 102. Identify false statement fonn following. (2024) (C) NaN03 (D) Na2S04
(A) The boiling point of solution containing
non volatile solute is always higher than 108. If P1 partial pressure of a gas and x1 is its mole
pure solvent. fraction in a mixture, then correct relation
between P 1 and x1 is [2024)
(B) At any temperature the vapour pressure of
solution containing non volatile solute is (A) P1o1a1 = P1x 1
lower than that of pure solvent. (B) x,= Ji_
(C) The boiling point of liquid is the P.,..
temperature at which its vapour pressure (C) P1o1a1 = 1 - Pix,
equals atmospheric pressure. (D) P.i=P, (l -x1)
(D) The molal elevation constant is the
boiling point elevation produced by 109. What is the . expected value of .cHr for
1 molar solution. 1.25 m CaCl1 solution if 125 m sucrose solution
has ATr value x K? 12024)
103. Which from the following statements is correct
for aqueous solution of 6 g L-' urea and (A) xK (8) ~K
17.12 g L- 1 of sucrose? 2
(C) 2x K (D) 3xK
[Molar mass of urea= 60 g mor'
Molar mass of sucrose= 342 g mor'] [2024) 110. A solution of nonvolatile solute is obtained by
3
(A) Osmotic ~ure exhibited by urea solution dissolving 0.8 g in 0.3 drn water has osmotic
is lower than that of sucrose solution. pressure 0.2 atm at 300 K. Calculate the molar
mass of solute.
(B) Urea solution is hypertonic to sucrose
solution. . [R = 0.082 atm dm3 K- 1 mor1] (20241
(C) ., These solutions are isotonic. (A) . 300 g mor 1
1
(D) On doubling the coocen~on of sucrose (8) 340 g mor
1
solution it becomes hfpertonic to urea (C) 328 g mor
solution. (D) 352 g mor 1

203
MH_!-CET Triumph Chemistry
" ----·(MCQs)
- ---·---_.;;;:.;._
11 l. Calculate the relative lowering of vapour
0 _______
pressure of solution containing 46 g of
non volatile solute in 162 g of water at 20°C.
(Molar mass of nonvolatile solute= 46 g mor 1)
(2024) I
I •
(A) 0.89 (B) 0.045 I
I

(C) 0.11 (D) 0.06

Why salt is applied 011 leeches?

When leeches are stuck to a_ny body part, the easiest

way to get rid of them. is to f:1pp/y salt on them. It
involves simple phenomenon of osmosis resulting in
the drying up of the organism when enough salt is
applied. Some worms or pests like the slug, leeches
have no protective barrier between its cell walls and
the outside world. On application ofsalt on their body,
the high concentration of the salt on the outside of the'
organi!;m initiates the process of osmosis wherein
water from the cells of organism moves out of its body
and the organism dries up.