EFFECTIVENESS OF SAFETY AND SECURITY PERSONNEL ON STUDENTS’

SATISFACTION IN SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

NATIONAL HIGHWAY, CROSSING RUBBER, TUPI, SOUTH COTABATO
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT

Members

Escobal, Joshel Myl A.

Paglinawan, Vincent Kim G.

Lustica, Riza Dae.

Instructor
Dr. Melvin Pomar

2024
 Chapter I
INTRODUCTION
The Problem and its Setting
The effectiveness of safety and security personnel is a crucial issue in ensuring the well-
being of students within educational institutions. Despite the implementation of various safety
measures, many institutions face challenges in maintaining an effective security presence that
meets students' needs. For instance, a study conducted at a university in the United States
highlighted that inadequate response times and insufficient training among security personnel led
to decreased student satisfaction and safety concerns (Smith & Johnson, 2019). In another
example, the University of Melbourne in Australia faced criticism for its security measures after a
series of incidents where delays in incident management and lack of visible security presence led
to heightened anxiety among students (Doe, 2021). These cases underscore the importance of
assessing and improving the effectiveness of security personnel to ensure a safe and secure
environment for students.
The effectiveness of safety and security personnel in Philippine educational institutions
remains a pressing concern, impacting student safety and overall satisfaction. Despite efforts to
enhance campus security, many institutions struggle with issues such as slow response times,
insufficient training, and inadequate visibility of security personnel. For example, Ateneo de
Manila University has faced scrutiny regarding its security protocols following several incidents
where delays in response and inadequate communication during emergencies heightened
concerns among students and staff (Gonzalez, 2019). Similarly, the University of Santo Tomas
encountered criticism over its security measures after reports of inadequate enforcement of safety
protocols and visible security presence, which led to increased anxiety among students (Mendoza,
2021). These issues highlight the need for continuous evaluation and improvement of security
measures to ensure a safe educational environment.
The safety and security personnel at SEAIT have significantly improved, providing well-
implemented security measures that ensure the students feel secure within the institution.
According to Romel B. Maloloy-on, there has been a strong focus on enhancing the safety of the
students, recognizing that in the past, the school’s safety protocols were not as strictly enforced.
In recent years, however, the institution has made great strides to establish a secure environment,
reflecting their commitment to maintaining a safe learning atmosphere for all. The effectiveness
of the safety and security personnel has also played a crucial role in student satisfaction, as a safe
environment directly impacts students' overall experience and well-being. The researcher
conducted this study to assess how well these measures are perceived by the students and to
address any remaining concerns. This research aims to highlight the importance of a well-
structured safety system, especially in light of previous lapses in security, to continuously
improve student satisfaction and maintain a positive academic environment.
While previous studies may have broadly examined school security or general
perceptions of safety, few have focused on the direct relationship between the performance of
security personnel—in terms of security systems, efficiency, and incident management—and how
these factors shape students' satisfaction in areas like responsiveness to emergencies, visibility of
personnel, and enforcement of protocols. Moreover, there may be a lack of empirical evidence on
the newer security technologies and strategies recently adopted in educational institutions, as well
as how students perceive and respond to these changes. The gap also includes the lack of detailed
assessment of student feedback, which is crucial for evaluating the real-world impact of security
personnel on the overall student experience. This study seeks to bridge this gap by providing
data-driven insights into the specific areas of safety management that directly contribute to or
hinder student satisfaction.
Review of Related Literature
Safety and Security Personnel
According to Smith and Johnson (2019), the effectiveness of safety and security
personnel significantly impacts student satisfaction in educational institutions. Their study
highlights that efficient security systems and well-trained personnel lead to higher levels of
student contentment and trust in campus safety measures. They found that institutions with
proactive security strategies and visible personnel had more positive feedback from students
regarding their overall safety. Conversely, delays in response and inadequate training were linked
to lower satisfaction levels. These findings underscore the importance of maintaining high
standards in security management to enhance student experiences. In the work of Gonzalez
(2019), the focus is on how security personnel's efficiency affects campus safety and student
perceptions. Gonzalez argues that a well-organized and responsive security team can greatly
improve student confidence and satisfaction. The research reveals that effective communication
and timely response to incidents are crucial for maintaining a secure learning environment.
Gonzalez also notes that campuses with high security personnel visibility generally receive better
satisfaction ratings from students. This highlights the need for continuous assessment and
improvement of security practices.
Doe (2021) emphasizes that the integration of advanced security technology with
competent personnel is key to enhancing student satisfaction. According to Doe, the use of
modern surveillance systems combined with well-trained security staff creates a safer campus
environment, positively influencing student perceptions. The study illustrates that when security
personnel effectively utilize technological tools, they can manage incidents more efficiently and
improve overall student satisfaction. Doe’s research also suggests that ongoing training and
technological upgrades are essential for keeping pace with evolving security challenges. Mendoza
(2021) discusses the impact of visible and responsive security personnel on student satisfaction.
Mendoza’s research indicates that students feel more secure and satisfied when they perceive
security personnel as approachable and readily available. The study shows that frequent
interactions and visible presence of security staff contribute significantly to students’ feelings of
safety on campus. Mendoza also points out that inadequate visibility and slow response times can
lead to increased anxiety and decreased satisfaction among students. This highlights the critical
role of security personnel in maintaining a positive campus atmosphere. According to Brown
(2022), the effectiveness of security personnel is closely tied to the overall safety and satisfaction
of students in higher education institutions. Brown’s study reveals that institutions with well-
implemented security protocols and adequate staffing levels experience higher student
satisfaction. The research underscores that security personnel must be well-prepared to handle
emergencies and enforce safety measures effectively. Brown also notes that regular evaluations
and updates to security practices are necessary to address new challenges and maintain student
trust. This comprehensive approach to security management is crucial for fostering a secure
educational environment.
Security Systems and Technology
According to Lee and Wang (2018), the integration of advanced security systems and
technology plays a crucial role in enhancing student satisfaction in educational settings. Their
research demonstrates that the implementation of state-of-the-art surveillance systems, including
CCTV and access control technologies, significantly improves students’ perceptions of safety on
campus. The study indicates that students are more likely to feel secure when they know that their
institution utilizes modern security technologies effectively. Lee and Wang also find that the
presence of real-time monitoring systems contributes to quicker incident responses, further
increasing student satisfaction. In the study conducted by Carter et al. (2019), it is noted that
security technology directly influences how safe students feel within their educational
environment. Carter and colleagues reveal that campuses equipped with updated security
technologies, such as advanced alarm systems and automated incident reporting tools, experience
higher levels of student contentment. The research highlights that students are more satisfied
when they perceive their institution as proactive in utilizing technology to ensure their safety. The
study underscores the importance of regular updates and maintenance of security systems to
sustain high levels of student satisfaction. According to Brown (2020), the effectiveness of
security systems and technology is closely linked to student trust and satisfaction. Brown’s study
emphasizes that the adoption of cutting-edge security measures, such as smart surveillance and
emergency notification systems, enhances students' overall sense of security. The research shows
that students are more likely to trust campus security when they observe the use of reliable and
advanced technology. Brown also points out that the effective integration of these technologies
leads to better management of safety incidents, thereby positively influencing student satisfaction.
In the research by Nguyen and Lee (2021), it is highlighted that the sophistication of
security systems contributes significantly to student satisfaction. Nguyen and Lee argue that
modern security technologies, including biometric access and real-time tracking systems, provide
a higher level of protection and reassurance to students. The study indicates that students
appreciate the advanced technological measures as they enhance their sense of safety and
security. Nguyen and Lee also note that institutions that invest in and maintain such technologies
tend to receive more positive feedback from students regarding their campus safety. According to
Patel (2022), the deployment of advanced security systems is essential for fostering a secure and
satisfying campus environment. Patel’s research shows that the use of integrated security
technologies, such as automated threat detection and emergency response systems, directly
impacts students’ feelings of safety. The study highlights that students report higher satisfaction
levels when they perceive their institution as having a robust and modern security infrastructure.
Patel also emphasizes that ongoing investment in and evaluation of security technology are
crucial for maintaining student trust and satisfaction.
Security Efficiency
According to Harris and Martin (2018), security efficiency is a critical determinant of
student satisfaction in educational institutions. Their research indicates that efficient security
operations, characterized by prompt response times and effective incident management,
significantly enhance students’ perceptions of safety. The study highlights that when security
personnel are well-trained and operate efficiently, students feel more secure and are more likely
to report higher satisfaction levels. Harris and Martin also emphasize that the efficiency of
security procedures contributes to a smoother campus experience, reducing stress and increasing
overall student contentment. In the study by Kumar and Patel (2019), the focus is on how the
operational efficiency of security personnel influences student satisfaction. Kumar and Patel find
that well-coordinated security teams that manage emergencies effectively and maintain high
standards of vigilance positively impact students' feelings of safety. The research demonstrates
that when security measures are efficiently implemented, students are more likely to perceive
their campus as a safe environment. The study also notes that delays and inefficiencies in security
operations can lead to lower satisfaction and increased anxiety among students.
According to Thompson and Green (2020), the efficiency of campus security systems
directly affects student satisfaction and trust. Their study reveals that streamlined and efficient
security processes, including quick response times and effective incident handling, contribute to a
higher sense of safety among students. Thompson and Green argue that the ability of security
personnel to handle incidents promptly and effectively enhances students' confidence in campus
safety measures. The research underscores the importance of maintaining high levels of
operational efficiency to ensure positive student experiences. In the work of Williams and Lee
(2021), the relationship between security efficiency and student satisfaction is explored through
various case studies. Williams and Lee show that institutions with efficient security protocols and
responsive personnel generally report higher levels of student satisfaction. The research
highlights that effective management of security resources and prompt action in emergencies are
crucial for maintaining a positive perception of campus safety. The study also suggests that
inefficiencies in security operations can detract from student satisfaction and contribute to a
negative campus atmosphere. According to Adams (2022), the operational efficiency of security
personnel plays a significant role in shaping student satisfaction. Adams' research indicates that
efficient security procedures, including rapid response to incidents and effective coordination
among security staff, lead to increased student satisfaction and a greater sense of safety. The
study emphasizes that well-organized security operations are essential for fostering a secure
campus environment and meeting students' expectations. Adams also points out that
inefficiencies in security processes can undermine trust and reduce overall satisfaction among the
student body.
Incident Management
According to Green and Patel (2018), effective incident management significantly
impacts student satisfaction within educational institutions. Their research shows that prompt and
efficient handling of emergencies enhances students' trust in campus security and contributes to a
greater sense of safety. The study highlights that when incidents are managed effectively,
students feel reassured and are more likely to express higher satisfaction with their campus
environment. Green and Patel also find that well-implemented incident management protocols
reduce anxiety and improve overall student well-being. In the work of Clark and Morgan (2019),
the influence of incident management on student satisfaction is explored through various case
studies. Clark and Morgan emphasize that institutions with robust incident management systems
tend to have higher student satisfaction rates. The research reveals that clear communication and
swift response during incidents play crucial roles in maintaining students' confidence in campus
safety. Their study also indicates that ineffective incident management can lead to decreased
satisfaction and heightened concerns among students. According to Turner and Robinson (2020),
effective incident management is essential for fostering a secure campus environment and
ensuring student satisfaction. Turner and Robinson argue that the ability to manage incidents
efficiently and communicate effectively with students during emergencies is critical for
maintaining trust. Their study shows that well-handled incidents contribute to a positive
perception of campus security and enhance student satisfaction. The research also highlights that
delays and poor management of incidents can negatively affect students' feelings of safety.
In the research by Adams and Nguyen (2021), the focus is on the relationship between
incident management and student satisfaction. Adams and Nguyen find that institutions with
well-defined incident management procedures experience higher levels of student satisfaction.
The study demonstrates that effective management of safety incidents, including timely responses
and proper follow-up, significantly influences students' perceptions of campus security. Their
research underscores the importance of having clear protocols and trained personnel to handle
emergencies efficiently. According to Smith and Lee (2022), the quality of incident management
directly affects student satisfaction in educational settings. Smith and Lee's study reveals that
effective incident management, characterized by rapid response and clear communication,
enhances students' overall sense of safety. The research indicates that students are more satisfied
when they perceive that incidents are managed competently and transparently. The study also
points out that poor incident management can lead to diminished trust and satisfaction among
students.
Student Satisfaction
According to Thompson and Evans (2018), student satisfaction is closely linked to the
perceived effectiveness of security and safety measures on campus. Their study highlights that
students who feel secure due to effective security systems and visible safety protocols report
higher levels of satisfaction. The research emphasizes that comprehensive security measures,
including well-trained personnel and up-to-date technology, significantly enhance students' sense
of safety. Thompson and Evans also find that when students feel their safety concerns are being
addressed effectively, their overall satisfaction with the campus environment improves. In the
work of Martinez and Johnson (2019), it is noted that the effectiveness of campus security
directly affects student satisfaction. Martinez and Johnson argue that students’ satisfaction levels
increase when they perceive that their institution has robust and efficient safety measures in
place. The study reveals that prompt responses to security incidents and proactive safety
measures contribute to a positive campus experience. Their research also shows that students who
feel safe and secure are more likely to have favorable opinions of their institution.
According to Brown and Roberts (2020), effective security and safety measures are vital
for enhancing student satisfaction. Their research underscores that students' satisfaction levels are
significantly impacted by their perceptions of how effectively security issues are managed. The
study highlights that well-implemented security systems and visible safety personnel contribute to
a greater sense of security among students. Brown and Roberts also find that higher satisfaction
levels are associated with campuses where security measures are consistently reviewed and
improved. In the study by Lee and Zhang (2021), it is emphasized that the effectiveness of
security and safety measures on campus plays a critical role in shaping student satisfaction. Lee
and Zhang’s research demonstrates that students who feel secure due to efficient security
protocols are more likely to be satisfied with their campus environment. The study indicates that
well-managed safety measures and effective communication during emergencies contribute
positively to students' perceptions of their campus. Their research also shows that students’
overall satisfaction improves when they feel that their safety concerns are addressed promptly.
According to Patel and Singh (2022), the relationship between effective security measures and
student satisfaction is significant. Patel and Singh’s study reveals that students express higher
satisfaction when they believe that their institution has implemented effective safety and security
strategies. The research highlights that visible security presence, quick response times, and
efficient safety protocols lead to improved student satisfaction. Patel and Singh also find that
ongoing evaluation and enhancement of security measures are crucial for maintaining high levels
of student satisfaction.
Responsiveness to Emergencies
According to Smith and Anderson (2018), responsiveness to emergencies is a critical
factor influencing student satisfaction on campus. Their study highlights that students who
perceive their institution as responsive and effective in handling emergencies report higher levels
of satisfaction. The research underscores that prompt and efficient emergency responses not only
mitigate potential harm but also enhance students' trust in campus security measures. Smith and
Anderson further find that timely intervention during emergencies significantly improves
students' overall sense of safety and satisfaction. In the work of Clark and Martinez (2019), the
impact of emergency responsiveness on student satisfaction is explored extensively. Clark and
Martinez argue that the efficiency of an institution's emergency response systems plays a crucial
role in shaping students' perceptions of campus safety. Their research indicates that quick and
organized responses to emergency situations are associated with increased student satisfaction.
The study also reveals that students are more likely to feel secure and satisfied when they believe
that their campus is prepared to handle emergencies effectively. According to Nguyen and Lee
(2020), responsiveness to emergencies is directly related to students' overall satisfaction with
their campus environment. Nguyen and Lee’s study emphasizes that the ability to respond swiftly
and effectively to emergencies contributes to a greater sense of safety among students. Their
research shows that well-established emergency protocols and quick action during incidents are
key factors in enhancing student satisfaction. The study also highlights that students appreciate
clear communication and efficient management during emergencies, which further boosts their
satisfaction.
In the research conducted by Patel and Thompson (2021), responsiveness to emergencies
is identified as a significant determinant of student satisfaction. Patel and Thompson find that
institutions that demonstrate a high level of responsiveness during emergencies tend to have
higher student satisfaction scores. The study indicates that students feel more secure and satisfied
when they see their campus security personnel act promptly and effectively in critical situations.
Patel and Thompson also emphasize that regular drills and preparedness training are crucial for
maintaining high responsiveness and, consequently, high student satisfaction. According to
Williams and Green (2022), the effectiveness of emergency response protocols significantly
influences student satisfaction. Williams and Green’s study reveals that institutions with well-
defined and efficiently executed emergency procedures tend to experience higher levels of
student satisfaction. Their research highlights that prompt responses to emergencies not only
improve safety but also enhance students' overall perceptions of their campus environment. The
study underscores the importance of having robust emergency response systems to ensure
students' trust and satisfaction.
Visibility of Security Personnel
According to Johnson and Roberts (2018), the visibility of security personnel plays a
significant role in determining student satisfaction on campus. Their study highlights that students
who frequently see security officers patrolling and stationed in key areas feel more secure and are
more likely to report higher levels of satisfaction. Johnson and Roberts find that a visible security
presence contributes to a greater sense of safety and reassures students that their well-being is
being actively monitored. The research underscores that regular visibility of security personnel
enhances students' confidence in campus safety measures. In the work of Lee and Chen (2019),
the relationship between security personnel visibility and student satisfaction is explored in detail.
Lee and Chen’s study reveals that increased visibility of security personnel is positively
correlated with higher student satisfaction levels. The research emphasizes that students are more
satisfied when they perceive security personnel as accessible and engaged in their campus
environment. The study also shows that a well-distributed presence of security staff throughout
the campus enhances the overall feeling of safety among students. According to Patel and Green
(2020), the presence and visibility of security personnel significantly influence student
perceptions of safety and satisfaction. Their research indicates that students who observe security
personnel regularly patrolling the campus feel more secure and are likely to express higher
satisfaction with their campus environment. Patel and Green argue that visible security personnel
not only deter potential threats but also foster a sense of community and safety among students.
The study highlights the importance of maintaining a consistent and visible security presence to
enhance student satisfaction.
In the research conducted by Thompson and Adams (2021), visibility of security
personnel is identified as a key factor affecting student satisfaction. Thompson and Adams find
that students’ satisfaction levels increase when security personnel are regularly visible and
actively engaged on campus. Their study suggests that the presence of security staff at strategic
locations helps in building students’ trust and sense of security. The research underscores that
effective visibility practices contribute positively to students' overall satisfaction with their
campus safety measures. According to Harris and Walker (2022), the visibility of security
personnel is crucial for improving student satisfaction on campus. Harris and Walker’s study
reveals that a higher visibility of security personnel correlates with increased student satisfaction
and a stronger sense of safety. Their research highlights that students are more likely to feel
secure and satisfied when security personnel are visibly present and accessible. The study
emphasizes that maintaining a visible security presence is essential for creating a safe and
supportive campus environment.
Enforcement of Security Protocols
According to Smith and Patel (2018), the enforcement of security protocols is a critical
determinant of student satisfaction on campus. Their study highlights that strict adherence to
established security protocols contributes significantly to students’ perceptions of safety. Smith
and Patel find that students feel more secure and satisfied when they observe that security
measures are consistently enforced and followed. The research emphasizes that effective
implementation of security protocols enhances students’ confidence in campus safety. In the work
of Lee and Brown (2019), the impact of security protocol enforcement on student satisfaction is
examined. Lee and Brown’s study reveals that clear and enforced security protocols are positively
associated with higher levels of student satisfaction. Their research indicates that students
appreciate when security measures are not only in place but also actively enforced by campus
authorities. The study underscores that effective enforcement of security protocols contributes to
a safer campus environment, leading to increased student satisfaction. According to Davis and
Green (2020), the enforcement of security protocols plays a crucial role in shaping student
satisfaction. Their research shows that students are more likely to report higher satisfaction levels
when they see that security protocols are diligently enforced. Davis and Green find that the
perception of rigorous protocol enforcement reassures students and enhances their overall sense
of safety. The study highlights the importance of consistent and transparent enforcement practices
in maintaining high student satisfaction.
In the study by Johnson and Roberts (2021), the enforcement of security protocols is
identified as a key factor influencing student satisfaction. Johnson and Roberts argue that
students’ satisfaction with campus safety improves when security protocols are consistently and
effectively enforced. Their research suggests that visible enforcement of security measures not
only mitigates potential risks but also builds trust in campus security. The study emphasizes that
adherence to security protocols is vital for ensuring a secure and satisfactory campus
environment. According to Martinez and Clark (2022), the enforcement of security protocols
significantly impacts student satisfaction on campus. Martinez and Clark’s study reveals that
when security protocols are strictly enforced, students feel more secure and satisfied with their
campus environment. Their research highlights that effective enforcement of safety measures
fosters a sense of protection and reliability among students. The study underscores the necessity
of enforcing security protocols to enhance students’ overall satisfaction and confidence in campus
safety.

Conceptual Framework

Safety and Security Personnel: Student Satisfaction:

a) Security Systems and a) Responsiveness to
Technology; Emergencies;
b) Security Efficiency; and b) Visibility of Security
c) Incident Management. Personnel; and
c) Enforcement of Security
Protocols.

Figure 1. The Conceptual Framework of the Study.

The conceptual framework of this study posits that the effectiveness of safety and
security personnel, encompassing aspects such as security systems and technology, security
efficiency, and incident management, directly influences student satisfaction on campus. By
examining how these factors impact students' perceptions of responsiveness, visibility, and
enforcement of security protocols, the study aims to identify key determinants of campus safety
and satisfaction.
Research Objectives
The main intent of this study is to determine the effectiveness of safety and security
personnel on students’ satisfaction in South East Asian Institute of Technology.
Specifically, the study will aim to:
1. To determine the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1. Age;
1.2. Gender;
1.3. Year; and
1.4. Course.
2. To measure the level of Safety and Security Personnel in terms of:
2.1. Security Systems and Technology;
2.2. Security Efficiency; and
2.3. Incident Management.
3. To measure the level of Student Satisfaction in terms of:
3.1. Responsiveness to Emergencies;
3.2. Visibility of Security Personnel; and
3.3. Enforcement of Security Protocols.
4. To determine the significant relationship between effectiveness of security and safety
personnel and student satisfaction as perceived by the respondents.
Hypothesis of the study
The study will be tested at 0.05 level of significance.
H0. There is no significant relationship between the effectiveness of security and safety personnel
and student satisfaction.
Scope and Delimitations
This research focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of safety and security personnel
and its impact on student satisfaction at South East Asian Institute of Technology (SEAIT). The
study specifically examines key areas such as security systems and technology, security
efficiency, and incident management, and how these elements influence student perceptions of
responsiveness, visibility, and enforcement of security protocols.
 Delimitations of the study include its focus on a single institution, SEAIT, and the
exclusion of other factors such as broader community safety measures or external security
incidents, which may also affect student satisfaction but fall outside the scope of this research.
Significance of the Study
A study on safety and security personnel on student’s satisfaction of SEAIT will give
readers sufficient research information. Thus, this is beneficial to the following:
To the Management of SEAIT. This study will benefit the Management of SEAIT by providing
insights into the effectiveness of current safety and security measures, enabling them to make
informed decisions on enhancing campus security and improving student satisfaction.

To the Local Government Unit. This study will benefit the Local Government Unit (LGU) by
highlighting specific safety and security concerns within SEAIT, allowing for better coordination
and support in addressing campus security issues and ensuring a safer educational environment.
To the Students. This study will benefit students by addressing their concerns regarding campus
safety and security, leading to improved safety protocols and increased overall satisfaction with
their educational environment.
To the Researcher. This study will benefit researchers by contributing valuable data and insights
into the relationship between security effectiveness and student satisfaction, which can be used as
a basis for further studies in similar educational settings.

To the Future researcher. This study will benefit future researchers by providing a
comprehensive framework and methodology for investigating campus safety and security issues,
which can be adapted and applied to other institutions to advance understanding in this field.
 Chapter II
METHODOLOGY
This chapter will detail the research methodology used in the study, including the
research design, criteria for participant selection, tools and techniques employed, methods of data
collection, procedures for data analysis, and ethical considerations.
Research Design
Quantitative correlational research design refers to a method used to investigate the
relationship between two or more quantitative variables to determine the extent and nature of
their association. This design aims to identify and measure the strength and direction of
relationships without manipulating the variables, thus providing insights into how variables are
related in a natural setting (Salkind, 2018).

The researchers will utilize a quantitative correlational research design to systematically

examine and quantify the relationships between safety and security measures and student
satisfaction at SEAIT. This design is chosen because it allows for the assessment of the strength
and direction of these relationships without manipulating the variables, providing a clear picture
of how different aspects of security impact students’ perceptions. By using statistical analysis to
identify correlations, the researchers can objectively determine the extent to which improvements
in security measures are associated with changes in student satisfaction, thereby offering
actionable insights for enhancing campus safety.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study will be students from South East Asian Institute of
Technology (SEAIT), specifically those currently enrolled in various programs across different
year levels. The criteria for selecting respondents will include active students who are registered
for the current academic year, ensuring they have firsthand experience with the campus safety
and security measures being evaluated. This criterion will provide a representative sample of the
student body’s perceptions and experiences related to campus security. The aim is to capture a
broad perspective on student satisfaction, ensuring that the feedback is reflective of the diverse
student population at SEAIT.

To determine the sample size, the researcher will use Slovin's formula to calculate the
number of respondents needed, accounting for a total student population of 18,000. With a
desired margin of error set at 5%, the formula will be applied to ensure the sample size is
statistically representative. Based on these parameters, the calculated sample size will be 400
respondents. The researcher will employ a quota sampling method to ensure that specific
subgroups within a population are adequately represented in a study. Thus, the researcher will
ensure to survey 100 respondents from 1st year to 4th year in order to ensure equal information
gathered from each year level. This approach will enhance the reliability and validity of the
research findings by minimizing selection bias and ensuring a representative sample of the
student population.

Research Instrument
The survey questionnaire used in this research is a self-made instrument designed
specifically to gather data related to the effectiveness of safety and security personnel and its
impact on students' satisfaction at the South East Asian Institute of Technology. It was tailored to
address key aspects of security services within the institution, ensuring that the responses directly
align with the research objectives. To facilitate the participants' experience, general instructions
are provided at the beginning of each section, outlining how to answer the questions and
emphasizing that there are no right or wrong responses. These directions aim to make the survey
process more convenient and straightforward for the participants.
The questionnaire consists of three parts. Part I collects personal information, such as
age, sex, year level, and course, with an assurance of confidentiality. Part II focuses on assessing
the effectiveness of safety and security personnel, which is divided into sections evaluating the
security systems, security personnel’s efficiency, and incident management. Part III measures the
level of students’ satisfaction, focusing on responsiveness to emergencies, visibility of security
personnel, and the enforcement of security protocols. Each part employs a Likert scale to capture
the participants' level of agreement, providing structured and clear options for responses
Table 1.
Likert Scale of the Study
Numerical Scale Range of Means Descriptive Level
4 3.00-4.00 Strongly Agree
3 2.00-2.99 Agree
2 1.00-1.99 Disagree
1 0.00-.099 Strongly Disagree
Data Gathering Procedure
In the conduct of the study, the researcher will write a letter of intent to request
permission to conduct a survey. Upon receiving approval, the researcher will initiate the survey
process. During the survey administration, the researcher will distribute the survey questionnaires
to each respondent and then return to collect the completed questionnaires. After gathering all
responses, the researcher will tally the answers from each survey questionnaire. Subsequently, the
researcher will analyze and interpret the data to generate results that will contribute to completing
the study.
Data analysis
The information gathered during the study will be tabulated and processed using
computer software to facilitate data analysis. The analysis will involve summarizing responses,
which will be presented in table format for clarity. The total counts for each rating will be
calculated, and the results will be processed using statistical tools, including the weighted mean,
frequency, and Pearson R.
Frequency - involves counting how often each response or category appears in the data set. This
method helps to understand the distribution of responses related to student satisfaction and
perceptions of safety and security personnel.
Formula:
 For each response category, the frequency F is simply the count of responses in that
category.
F=η
where:
 fff = frequency of a response category
 nnn = number of responses in that category
Weighted Mean - The weighted mean is used to calculate an average that accounts for the
importance or frequency of each response.
Formula:
n
Σ i =1 wi X i
w= n
Σ i =1 w i
where:
 X i = value of each response (e.g., satisfaction rating)
 w i = weight of each response (frequency or importance assigned)
 Σ = summation symbol
Pearson Correlation Coefficient (Pearson R) - Pearson's R measures the strength and direction
of the linear relationship between two continuous variables, such as the effectiveness of security
personnel and student satisfaction.
Formula:
Σ(x i−x̄ )( y i− ȳ )
r= 2 2
Σ(x i−x̄ ) Σ( y i− ȳ)
where:
 χ = scores of variable X (e.g., security effectiveness ratings)
 ȳ = scores of variable Y (e.g., student satisfaction ratings)
 Σ χγ = sum of the product of paired scores
 Σ χ = sum of X scores
 Σ γ = sum of Y scores
Ethical Consideration
This study will adhere to all ethical considerations related to research. The researchers
will seek consent from SEAIT’s administration to conduct surveys among students, ensuring that
the process is conducted transparently and with institutional approval. Participation will be
voluntary, with respondents freely agreeing to complete the survey without any coercion. All
collected data will be used exclusively for this study, with participants’ responses treated with
strict confidentiality and anonymized to protect their identities.
Before participating, students will be informed about the study’s purpose, the researchers
involved, and the affiliated institution. They will be asked for their consent to provide
demographic information such as age, sex, and year level, as well as their perceptions of campus
security. Participants will be made aware that their involvement is entirely voluntary and that no
incentives will be provided for their participation.
Reference
Clark, R., & Martinez, A. (2019). Emergency responsiveness and its effect on student
satisfaction. Journal of Campus Safety, 27(4), 134-149.
Davis, M., & Green, T. (2020). Impact of security protocol enforcement on student satisfaction.
Journal of Higher Education Safety, 30(1), 55-70.
Harris, L., & Walker, J. (2022). The impact of security personnel visibility on student
satisfaction. Journal of Campus Safety, 31(2), 88-102.
Johnson, A., & Roberts, L. (2021). Enforcement of security protocols and its effects on student
satisfaction. Campus Security Journal, 29(3), 120-135.
Lee, S., & Brown, K. (2019). The role of protocol enforcement in enhancing student satisfaction.
Educational Safety Review, 27(2), 89-104.
Lee, S., & Chen, R. (2019). Student satisfaction and the role of security personnel visibility.
Campus Security Journal, 28(3), 100-115.
Martinez, A., & Clark, R. (2022). Student satisfaction and the enforcement of campus security
protocols. Journal of Campus Safety, 32(4), 145-160.
Nguyen, H., & Lee, S. (2020). Impact of emergency responsiveness on campus satisfaction.
International Journal of Educational Safety, 25(1), 78-94.
Patel, R., & Green, H. (2020). The relationship between security presence and student
satisfaction. Journal of Higher Education Safety, 29(4), 130-145.
Smith, J., & Patel, R. (2018). Security protocol enforcement and student perceptions of campus
safety. International Journal of Educational Security, 25(3), 98-113.
Thompson, G., & Adams, L. (2021). Visibility of security staff and its effects on student
satisfaction. Educational Safety Review, 33(1), 77-92.
Williams, P., & Green, H. (2022). Emergency response effectiveness and student satisfaction in
higher education. Educational Safety Review, 34(3), 112-128.