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30 views4 pagesUnit 7 Lesson 3 Notes Filled in
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/ 4
|. independent vs. OR pent Events
In probability, it is Important to determine if one event will impact the outcome of another event.
«Two events are sald tobe Inde pence 4 + sethe result ofthe second event Is not affected by the result of the
eee Ifa coin is tossed and then a die is rolled, ‘the outcome of the coin in no way affects or changes:
the probability ofthe outcome of the dle.
. Two events aresaid tobe lepevckent ifthe result of the second event is affected by the result of the rst
event.
© Example: Suppose a card Is selected from a deck and NOT replaced, and a second cardis selected. For the
second draw, you only have 51 cards to choose from!
Determine whether the two events are independent or dependent.
1. Tossing a coin and selecting a card from adeck _/
2. Driving on ice and having an accident J)
3. Drawing a ball from an um, not replacing it, and then drawing a second ball >)
4, Drawing a ball from an urn, replacing it, and then drawing a second ball | _
5. Tossing one coin and then tossinga second coin _|_
6. Tossing one coin twice]
1. Multiplication Rule
f we are looking for the chance that both events happén, we use a multiplication rule. When two events occur in
sequence, the probability that both events will accur can be found by multiplying the probabilities of each individual event.
Prade-rare PLANB)= KA): HE
d eS)
1. Acoinis tossed and a die is rolled. Find the probability of getting a tail on the coin anda 5 on the die.
a. Are these events dependent or independent? “1 __
b. Setup the multiplication rule: | 1 ob
ao” 1a
2. There are 8 slices of pepperoni pizza, 4 slices of cheese pizza, and 3 slices of Supreme pizza left on the buffet. Zoe
chooses one slice of pizza and Carl then chooses a slice of pizza. What Is the probability that Zoe chose a slice of cheese
pizza and then Carl chose a slice of cheese pizza?
a. Are these events dependent or independent? >
b. Set up the multiplication rule: |B 2
15 19 ~ 35
3. Adie is tossed 2 times. Find the probability of getting two 6s.
a, Are these events dependent or independent?
b. Set up the multiplication rule: | of
4. Suppose yourol a standard ie and pha spire th no
ina spinner that is vided into 10 equal sectors, numbered 1 thi
‘the probability of getting a 4 on bath the die and the spinner? eee
! | I
( !07 © ——————————r—i—SSSS
5. Complete the table based on data from your class. Use the data to determine the rota gas a male and having,
a sibling.
Has a sibling Does not have a sibling | Total
‘Male, |
Female
Total.
6. An urn contains 2 red balls, 3 green balls, and $ blue balls. A balls selected at random and its color is noted. Then tis
replaced and another ball is selected and its color Is noted. Find the probability of each of these:
a) Selecting 2blueballs SS - 25 I b) Selecting a blue ball and then a red balt
10 10 ~j@~ 4 8, 2-1. 4
(oO 70 1a
7. Anurn contains 2 red balls, 3 green balls, and 5 blue balls. Aball is selected at random and is not replaced.
is selected. Find the probability of each of these:
|. Another ball
a) Selecting2 buebats Sf Qo _ 2 b) Selecting a blue ball and then a red ball
2K
04 Pe 0 4074
8B. Acoin is flipped and a card Is drawn from ‘a standard deck of cards. What is the probability of getting both heads and a
red face card? a, 2-3
2 ado cemmet P
méefetass, are randomly selected to travel to Washington, D.C. Wes is in a class of 18
9. Two seniors, one from each governt
Students and Maureen is in a class of 20 students. Find the probability that both Wes and Maureen will be selected.
ening cl of 29
Te * be
FBO = PORves and Maureen were in that clas of 38 students, what woud be the
10. if there was only one government class,
probability that both Wes and Maureen wquid be selected as the two students to go to Washington? Is this still an example
of independent events? wt, Lf. st
38 37 - 40%
Ii. Proving if Two Events are Independent
in real fe, t can be challenging to determine if one event wil impact the outcome of another event. We can show if two
events are statistically independent of each other using, POA AB)= PLA) He ;
1. f(A) =0.25, P(6) = 0.68, and P(A and 8) -0.17, show that A and B are independent events.
ota 2S (le) indepencet
eee]
2 You collected data from your classmates on gender and type of shoe. ‘The results of your survey are given below. Use
the data to complete the two-way table. and then determine if the events are independent or dependent.
'* Ofthe 11 students wearing sneakers, 3 are female
* Wofthe 27 students are male.
Fertale
Tor | tT 7
Determine if wearing sneakers and being a female are independent or dependent events.
+ diz dependent
at a7 1, Mutually Exclusive
M rtualiy Exclusiwe (or US) OWNS everts are events that cannot occur at
not NE
( A ) [ B (a (\8 )
LY VX
1 Identify each scenario below as mutually exclusive or not mutually exclusive.
‘a Selecting a card at random from a deck and getting an ace ora queen. NE
2. Rolinga dle and getting an odd number or number essthana. = NWT
¢, Selecting a student who is a female or a sophomore, inv
4. Choosing to tum left or right at an intersection — MEO
2. Linda has 6 nickels, 4 pennies, and 3 dimes in her pocket. She takes one coin from her pocket at random. What is the
probabllty that itis a penny or a nickel?
Why does this example represent a mutuslyexclushe event? Coin Canact |
and @ penny ot the sarne hve
3. With your group, brainstorm events that are mutually exclusive,
1, Addition Rules
‘At times, we may want to determine the chance of one event OR the other event occurring.
For events that are Ny onsite Pte ofons ‘OR the other occurring is
aor By CRY SBCRS
For events that are NOT mutually exclusive, the probability af one event of the ol
P(A or B\= HA) TH B= PANG.
1. Aspinner has 6 equal sections labeled 1 through 6. Find the probability that the pointer lands on a number less than 2 or
eteater than
a. Identify the situation as mutually exclusive or not mutually exclusive. AE
b. ind the probabifity.
oe @ ae
2.A spinner has 6 equal sections labeled 1 through 6 Find the probability thatthe pointer lands on an odd number or 8
number greater than 3.
«a. Wentity the situation as mutually exclusive ornot mutually exctushe. {VO
vrdineprositny, 3, BL
oe 6 &
4. Aspinner has 6 equal sections laboled 2 through 6. Find the probability thatthe pointer lands on a number greater than 2
ores.
4. lderty the situation as mutually exclusive ornot munvallyexclusve. UCT
unitate, pol — . 2
@ 6 ©” 38
2. The probability that family visits SafartZo0 is 0.65, and the probability that a family rides on the Mt. Pleasant Tourtst
Ralfroad If 0.55. The probability that a family does both is 0.43. Find the probability that the family visits the z00 or the
Ne 05 4.55“ 4B= 277
3. Acard israndomly selected from a standard deck of 52 cards. What is the probability that:
Deds ths
M a Wisanaceorateceend “2+ Sp
b. ith aheat = + 13 -
Nb. ttisanace or: a+ 8
Me. twateorsk 2/15
N 4. ttisaredcardoraqueen “7//3
Mo. ittsapearorsdiomond 12.
Nt mishearorticeara 12
Mr. tisasworateceena 13
Nob wisa7orabiacars 7113
[i tretveotheansorasx S152
‘4, Adie Is rolled. Find the probability of getting:
arenas SE wrrcrnamberoras Y=