LESSON 1

1. an outlook that is limited to one’s immediate community. parochialism

2. is the interconnectedness of the world's economies, societies, and
cultures. It's a complex and multifaceted process that has reshaped our
world in profound ways. globalization
3. useless internalization, liberalization, universalization and westernization
4. is useless since internationality and internationalization are already
terms being used to refer to the interaction and interdependence
between states. internalization
5. on the other hand, is also unnecessary since it was not included in earlier
debates about Laissez-Faire or the principle if leaving the market alone,
thus, an irrelevant factor in liberal discourse. liberalization
6. risk the Conception that the world is slowly homogenizing into one entity
when in fact, there are numerous points of resistance from different
cultures, group, and communities at varying scales. universalization
7. drags the term further back into colonialism and makes it a one-sided
and biased concept. westernization
8. Globalization is transplanetary spread of connections between people.
9. This definition puts globalization as the shift in the nature of social space
wherein people become more able physically, legally, linguistically,
culturally and psychologically to engage with each other whenever on
Earth they may be.
10. Who said that? Jan Aart Scholte
11. is the increasing integration of economies, societies, and cultures
across national borders. globalization
12. TYPES OF GLOBALIZATION economic, political, social and cultural
13. The integration of national economies into global market, driven by
trade, investment, and financial flows. Economic globalization
14. The growing influence of international organizations and the spread of
democratic values and institutions. Political globalization
15. The Interconnectedness of societies through migration cultural
exchange, band the spread of ideas and information. Social globalization
16. The convergence of cultures through the exchange of ideas, values,
and practices, leading to a globalized popular culture. Cultural
globalization
17. DRIVERS OF GLOBALIZATION
18. Advances in communication and transportation technologies have
facilitated the movement of goods, services, and information across
borders. technology
19. The reduction of trade barriers, such as tariffs and quotas, has
encouraged increased trade and investment between countries. Trade
liberalization
20. The adoption of market-oriented economic policies has led to the
growth of multinational corporations and international financial markets.
Economic liberalization
21. International agreements and organizations, such as the World Trade
Organization and the International Monetary Fund, have promoted
global economic integration political cooperation
22. Increased trade has led to lower prices for consumers and a wider
variety of goods and services. It also creates new jobs and opportunities
or businesses. Benefits
23. Globalization has also led to job losses in some sectors, particularly
manufacturing, accompanies relocate to countries with lower labor costs.
It can also increase inequality within and between countries. challenges
24. Social and Cultural Impacts of Globalization cultural exchange,
migration, social change
25. globalization has led to the spread of popular culture, including music,
fashion, and food, across borders. Cultural exchange
26. The movement of people across borders has increased cultural
diversity in many countries. Migration
27. Globalization has also contributed to social change, including the rise
of new social movements and the growing awareness of global issues.
Social change
28. Political Implications of Globalization
29. Nations become more reliant on each other for trade investment and
security increased interdependence
30. Organization kike the united nations and the WTO play more
significant role in global governance rise of international sovereignty
31. Globalization raise a questions about the limits of national sovereignty
as global issues such as climate change and financial crisis require
international cooperation. Challenges to national sovereignty
32. Environmental Considerations in Globalization
33. Globalization has increased the demand for natural resources, leading
deforestation, depletion of fossil fuels, and other environmental
problems. Resource consumption
34. the production and transportation of goods and services generate
waste and gas emissions. Pollution
35. significant environmental challenges exacerbated by globalization,
driven by increased energy consumption a carbon emission. Climate
change
36. Globalization presents an opportunity to promote sustainable
practices and reduce the environment impact of economic activity.
sustainability
37. Challenges and Criticisms of Globalization
38. Globalization can exacerbate inequality between countries and within
countries, as some groups benefit more from globalization than others.
Inequality
39. Globalization can lead to the spread of Western culture and values,
which can threaten the cultural diversity of other nations. Cultural
homogenization
40. Globalization can limit the ability of national governments to regulate
their economies and protect their citizens from the negative impacts of
globalization. Loss of national sovereignty
41. Opportunities and Benefits of Globalization economic growth, social
progress, cultural exchange
42. uncertain, but it's clear that it will continue to shape our world in
profound ways. Future globalization

LESSON 2

43. a historical process representing the result of human innovation a

technological progress. economic globalization
44. is not a bank and does not intermediate between investors and
recipients? These resources come from quota subscriptions, membership
fees, paid in the IMF’s 189 member countries. Its primary mission to
ensure monetary stability around world. IMF
45. is an investment bank, intermediating between investors and
recipients, borrowing from the one and lending to the other. World Bank
46. refers to the increasing interdependence of world economies as a
result of the growing scale of cross border trade of commodities and
services, flow of international capital a wide and rapid spread of
technologies. Economic globalization
47. the amount of foreign direct investments flowing across the workways
US $57 billion in 1982. By 2015,hat number was $1.76 trillion. UNCTAD
United Nations Conference in Trade and Development
48. GOODS AND SERVICES tangible items can see, touch own such as
food, clothing can be restored while services are intangible actions
provide by others such as haircuts, consult or repairs, cannot be
restored.
49. MERCANTALISM minimizing imports and maximizing exports. It says
that the country is wealthy by collecting gold and silver. The goal is to
strengthen the economy by controlling trade and support local business.
50. GATT General Agreement on Tariff or Trade. Established in 1947 and
later change by WTO in 1995. Goal is to create fair and open trading
system among countries.
51. SPECIALIZATION person or country focuses on producing specific
good or service to become really good at it
52. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS produce something at lower opportunity
cost than the others.
53. is the process and system when goods, commodities, services cross
national economy, and boundaries in exchange for money or goods of
another country international trade
54. -exchange of goods, services, and capital across national borders. It
Isa multi-billion-dollar activity, central to the Gross Domestic Product of
many countries and it is the only way for many people in many countries
to acquire resources.
55. is the value of the finished domestic goods and services produced
within a nation’s borders GDP
56. is the value of all finished goods and services produced by a country’s
citizens, both domestically and abroad GNP
57. Trade theories
58. It deals with the natural order and movement of trade. it describes the
pattern of trade under the idea laisses faire. Descriptive Theory
59. This prescribes whether government, an important economic
institution, should interfere and restrict with the movement of goods and
services. Prescriptive Theory
60. the oldest known international trade route but t is not truly “global”.
Silk road
61. happens and this is the first time that Americas were directly
connected to Asian trading routes. 1571, galleon trade
62. 2 PEOPLE
Arturo Giraldez
Dennis O. Fylnn
63. an economic practice by which governments used their economies to
increase state power at the expense of other countries. Mercantilism
64. Countries, primarily in Europe competed with one another to sell
more goods as a means to boost the country’s income (called monetary
reserves later on).
65. Trade Policy in International Trade Tariff, Trade Barriers, safety
66. a tax imposed by the government of a country or by supranational
union on imports or exports of goods tariff
67. refers to any regulation or policy that restricts international trade,
especially tariffs, quotas licenses etc. trade barriers
68. Ensure that imported products in the country are of high quality.
Inspection regulations laid down by public officials ensure the safety and
quality standards of imported products. safety
69. Open trade system emerged during this time, when, following the lead
of the United Kingdom, the United States and other European nations
adopted gold standard at an international monetary conference in Paris.
1867
70. Countries depleted their gold reserves to fund their armies, many
were forced to abandon the gold standards. Since European countries
had low gold reserves, they adopted floating currencies that were no
longer redeemable in gold. WW1
71. refers to global economic crisis which started during 1920s and
extended up to the 1930s. Great Depression
72. End of using gold standards were until as late as the 1970
73. The world economy today use fiat currencies
74. during this time, the stock market crashed. stopped linking dollars to
gold. This resulted on Keynesian economics could not have predicted- a
phenomenon called stagflation
75. They argued that the governments ‘practice of pouring money into
their economies had caused inflation by increasing demand for goods
without necessarily increasingly supply. Friedrich Hayek
Milton Friedman
76. emphasizes free markets (1980s onwards). Neoliberalism
77. dominated global economic policies from the 1980s until early 2000s,
it advocates pushed for minimal government spending to reduce
government debt. Washington Consensus

LESSON 3

78. is a metric that explains how closely related different markets are to
one another. Market integration
79. is a financial institution that has been established or chartered) by
more than one country, a hence are subjects of international law
international financial institution IFI
80. Its owners or shareholders are generally government
81. World War II
82. It is established because of the fear of the recurrence of lack of
cooperation among nation-states, political instability, and economic
turmoil Bretton Woods System
83. is an independent multilateral organization that became responsible
for trade in services, non-tariff-related barriers to trade, and other
broader areas of trade liberalization. WTO
84. It is highly influential, despite the group having little formal power.
This emanates from the member countries’ OECD Organization for
Economic Cooperation and Development
85. GOAL rf2s richer, freer, fairer, stability
86. to ensure that the price of oil remains at a price that is satisfactory to
member countries. OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
87. is made up of 28 member states. Most members in the Eurozone
adopted the euros basic currency but some Western European nations
like the Great Britain, Sweden, and Denmark did not. European Union
88. helps in developing and expanding world trade by broadening
international cooperation It also aims to increase Cooperation for
improving working conditions in North America by reducing barriers to
trade as it expands the markets of the three countries. NAFTA North
American Free Trade Agreement

LESSON 4

89. Effects of globalization to gov.

Imposed a forced choice upon nation states
Establishment of economic and political integrations
Establishment of international laws and principle
Rise of transnational activism TNA
Such happens when activist groups of nation-states connect with their
counterparts in other states. Rise of transnational activism TNA
90. in the Philippines may connect itself with and get support from other
human rights groups in Europe to pressure the Philippine government to
realign its stance and actions in upholding human rights. Advocacy
based organization
91. Institutions that govern international relations
UN and NATO
WTO AND NAFTA
ASEAN
EUROPEAN UNION
 NGOs
92. The latter believed in spreading the principles of the French
Revolution liberty, equality and fraternity
93. it functions in four areas: economic, military, environmental and
human protection
94. which was created with the goal of increasing free trade WTO
95. This is an economic treaty between the United States, Canada, and
Mexico in which the three countries trade freely without taxing each
other. NAFTA
96. Another example of an international organization that was developed
out of war is the Red Cross

LESSON 5

97. This are treaties that were signed by member states that establish
global rules of conduct. International agreement
98. States that break these rules are called rogue states
99. It is a collection of rules and regulations that define the rights and
obligations of states. International law
100. Created the United Nations United Nations Charter
101. International bill of rights for women Convention On The Elimination
of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
102. Greatly reduced tariffs and boosted trade GAAT
103. Established the international criminal court Rome Statue
104. Regulates greenhouse emissions to reduce global warming Kyoto
Protocol
105. A conference of 160 States established the first treaty- based
permanent international criminal court. The treaty adopted during that
conference is known as the Rome Statue of the International Criminal
Court
106. independent body whose mission is to try individuals for crimes within
its jurisdiction without the need for a special mandate from the United
Nations. ICC
107. The sum of laws, norms, policies and institutions that define,
constitute and mediate trans-border relations between states, culture,
citizens, intergovernmental and non-governmental organization and the
market. Global Governance
108. The six organs of the United Nations (UN)
109. is the central deliberative and the only organ where all member-
states have equal representation in discussion and consideration, and
policymaking. General Assembly
110. is the organ which has the commitment to preserve peace and
security Security Council
111. is the main organ for cooperation, policy reviews, policy dialogue, and
advice on social, economic and environmental issues. Economic and
social council
112. is the organ tasked to administer international oversight for 11 trust
territories and to make sure that adequate procedures are taken for
independence and self-government. Trusteeship Council
113. is UN’s prime judicial organ. International Court of Justice
114. is the organ tasked to execute the daily activities as assigned by the
other organs Secretariat
115. The organization utilizes good offices, diplomacy, and mediation. UN
116. Was set to promote sustainable development. Millennium
Development Goals
117. In 2015, this was changed into the Sustainable Development Goals
118. In September 2000, world leaders from 189 countries came together.
The united Nations Millennium Development Goals are eight goals that
all 191 UN member states have agreed to try to achieve by the year
2015.
119. The United Nations Millennium Declaration, signed in September
2000 commits world leaders to
Combat poverty
Hunger
Disease
Illiteracy
Environmental degradation
Discrimination against women
120. PUIsd Participate Universality Integrate Sustainable Development
121. also known as the Global Goals, were adopted by all United Nations
Member States in 2015 as a universal call to action to end poverty,
protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity
by 2030. SDGs
122. General Assembly adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development that includes 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Building on the principle of “leaving no one behind”, the new Agenda
emphasizes a holistic approach to achieving sustainable development for
all.
123. 17 goals
End poverty for all
Freedom from hunger
Health and well being
Quality education
Gender equality
Clean water and sanitation
Affordable and clean energy
Decent work and economic growth
Innovation and infrastructure
Reduced inequality
Sustainable cities and communities
Responsible consumption and production
Climate action
Healthy oceans
Sustainable ecosystem
Peace and justice
Partnerships for goals