EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Entrepreneurship

TITLE MUST BE REFLECTIVE/GENERAL PROBLEM, SHORT AND CONCISE,

PREFERABLY NOT MORE THAN 14 KEY WORDS OR TWO LINES USING
THE INVERTED PYRAMID FORMAT.
(AVOID THE USE OF SUCH STARTER PHRASES AS “A STUDY OF. . . . ” AN EVALUATION OF . . . . . ” AN ASSESSMENT” OF …”)

Jhay Marie Magno

EMERSON G. CABUDOL

ABSTRACT
Article Info
Article history: An Abstract previews the main points of your report; it summarizes the
entire proposal, especially your findings and recommendations. Therefore,
the abstract should outline the proposal’s major headings: the research

NTP Date: _____________ question, theoretical framework, research design, sampling method, Research
Duration: instrumentation, data analysis, (and a brief summary of your interpretations REC Acceptance Date:
and conclusions). It is written for others so that they can become familiar with what is discussed in the full report
without having to read it. A reader
should be able to skim the abstract without missing the point of the main
Keywords: report. The abstract should be no more than 300 words.
<Chang these> Models, Malcolm
Baldrige National Quality Award,
Form No.: Revision No.: 00 Effectivity Date: Page: 1 of 4
Philippine Quality Award (Sample
Only)

Corresponding Author:
<Your Name>
EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Sampaloc, Manila
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Email: <YOUR EARIST ACCOUNT>@google.com

1. INTRODUCTION

(Sample Font) Business sustainability, growth and maintained competitiveness are the main goal of each
cooperative. These can be attained if the cooperative is excellently performing, in which the core principles of Total
Quality Management (TQM) is respected (Jankalová, & Jankal, 2020). Further, Sam, Usop and Abubakar-Sam (2013)
reported that leadership, dynamism and versatility in income-generating activities, and efficient utilization of resources
are the critical factors for the cooperatives to continuously grow and gain viable economic activities.
1. Describe the problem situation--considering global, national and local forces.
2. Justify the existence of the problem situation by citing statistical data and authoritative sources.
3. Make a clinching statement that will relate the background to the proposed research problem.
4. (on Research Question and Objectives) The general problem must be reflective of the title.
5. It should be stated in such a way that it is not answerable by yes or no, not indicative. of when and where.
Rather, it should reflect relationships between and among variables.
6. Each sub-problem should cover mutually exclusive dimensions (no overlapping).
 7. The sub-problems should be arranged in logical order from factual to analytical following the flow in the
research paradigm.
8. (on Significance of the Study) It describes the contributions of the study as new knowledge, make findings more
conclusive.
9. It cites the usefulness of the study to specific groups.

Theoretical Framework/Conceptual Framework

The study is based on the Total Quality Management (TQM) principles wherein both the internal and external
customer satisfaction are the ultimate goals. This encompasses both the soft and hard quality management classified by
Jackson et al (2016) and cited by Bazrkar, Aramoon, Hajimohammadi and Aramoon (2022). TQM can enhance
procedures and public involvement to provide the finest work possible, which has a beneficial impact by reducing waste
and rework and increasing market share, profitability, and product sales (Bazkar et al., 2022).
Discuss the thesis and/or concepts which are useful in conceptualizing the research.

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study

2. METHODOLOGY

This study was conducted following descriptive qualitative research design involving examination of Strategic
Form No.: Revision No.: 00 Effectivity Date: Page: 2 of 4
Plans and audited Financial Statements (FS) voluntarily provided by two Cavendish banana growers’ cooperatives in
Region XI, which are regarded as secondary, confidential organizational data composing both numeric and textual data. A
systematic literature review was performed that allowed to collect relevant evidence on the given topic that fits the pre-
specified eligibility criteria and to have an answer for the formulated research questions (Mengist, Soromessa, & Legese,
2020). This study sought to better comprehend the research topic which drew on the interpretivist and constructivist
paradigm as explained by Denzin and Lincoln (2011) and cited by Tomaszewski, Zarestky, and Gonzalez (2020) to
further advance knowledge based on the documents.
(Sample of secondary data source). A content analysis was performed to the Strategic Plans and audited FS of the
selected cooperatives. The focus of content analysis was on the state of the phenomena at a specific moment in time
(Prado, Penaso, Cimene, Aves & Simbulan, 2011). This approached is research questions- and category-based oriented
(Mayring, 2020). This aimed at reviewing the text within the scope of the study seeking answer to the research questions
objectively and systematically (according to Berelson (1954) as cited by Roblek, Thorpe, Bach, Jerman and Meško
(2020). This will allow identification and interpretation of meaning thus obtaining the salient points of the data at hand
(Kleinheksel, Rockich-Winston, Tawfik, & Wyatt, 2020).

Research Design
1. The appropriate research design should be specified and described.
2. Don’t indicate descriptive-normative when the norms are not standardized; normative when standards
have been established just like ACSB.

Sources of Data
(From whom and from where?)

Instrumentation and Data Collection

1. Instrumentation – Discuss the different parts of the instrument, i.e. questionnaire
 2. Data Collection

Tools for Data collection.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

(Write straightforward to answer the research question and the objectives)
RESEARCH ID: XXX-YY-NNN

Presentation of Data
1. Present the findings of the study in the order of the specific problem as stated in the Statement of the problem.
2. Present the data in these forms:
a. Tabular
b. Textual
c. Graphical (optional)
The ZOOM LENS approach may be used for purposes of clarity in the presentation of data, i.e., general to particular,
macro to micro or /vice versa.

Analysis of Data
1. Data may be analyzed quantitatively or qualitatively depending on the level of measurement and the number of
dimensions and variables of the study.
2. Analyze in depth to give meaning to the data presented in the table. Avoid table reading.
3. State statistical description in declarative sentences, e.g. in studies involving:
a. Correlation
i. State the level of correlation i.g. low moderate, high.
ii. State whether positive negative. iii. Indicate the level of significance and
make a decision (accept or reject HO)
4. Present the results of the analysis clear and logically organized manner.

Interpretation of Data

1. Establish interconnection between and among data.

2. Check for indicators whether hypothesis/is/are supported or not by the findings.
3. Link the present findings with previous literature.
4. Use parallel observations with contemporary events to give credence to the rationale presented in the
introduction.
5. Draw out implications.

Form No.: Revision No.: 00 Effectivity Date: Page: 3 of 4

4. CONCLUSIONS

1. These are brief, generalized statements in answer to the general and each of the specific sub-problems.
2. These contain generalizations in relation to the population. These are general inferences applicable to wider
and similar problems.
3. Flexibility is considered in the making of conclusions. It is not a must to state conclusions on a one-to-one
correspondence with the problems and the findings as all variables can be subsumed in one paragraph.
4. Conclusions may be used as generalizations from a micro to macro level or vice-versa (ZOOM LENS
APPROACH) (*Do not state conclusions as repetitions of findings).

5. RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Recommendations should be based on the findings and conclusions of the study.

2. Recommendations may be specific or general or both. They may include . . . . .
3. They should be in non-technical language.
4. They should be workable, flexible and adaptable (doable and flexible).
5. An action plan is optional.
REFERENCES

ALL IN APA 7th Edition Manual (at least 60 references)

Aung, S. T. (2022). Perceptions of middle-top management on organizational performance in agriculture manufacturers in

yangon, myanmar. AU-GSB E-Journal, 15(2) doi:https://doi.org/10.14456/augsbejr.2022.75

Bacon, D. (2020). Philippine Banana Farmers: Their Coops and Their Struggle for True Land Reform and Sustainable
Agriculture,” Dismantling Racism in the Food System, Spring 2020, Number 13. Oakland, CA: Food First / Institute for
Food and Development Policy

Bazrkar, A., Aramoon, E., Hajimohammadi, M., & Aramoon, V. (2022). Improve organizational performance by
implementing the dimensions of total quality management with respect to the mediating role of organizational innovation
capability. Sciendo 2022-32(4). DOI: 10.2478/sues-2022-0018
Buquis Jr., C. L., Maturan, C. A., Miras Jr., E. M. & De Lima, M. (2021). The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic Among
Form No.: Revision No.: 00 Effectivity Date: Page: 4 of 4
Micro Business Enterprise in Buenavista Agusan del Norte. SMCC Higher Education Research Journal (Business
Administration Journal), 3(1).

Cabudol, E. (2022). Economic development. First edition. Rex Book Store Inc. Quezon City. Philippines

CFA Institute. (2010). Financial reporting and analysis. Level 1. CFA Program Curriculum. Volume 3. Pearson Custom
Publishing