CHESS - This word appeared in holy Hindu

Fédération Internationale des Échecs texts such as the Mahabharata and at times
was synonymous with the army itself. Since
it was meant to represent war on a much
Russia dominates the game of chess. This
smaller scale.
results from the establishment of
government schools for talented chess
players after the communist revolution of SECOND ERA – 600-651 AD
1917. Since 1927, many of the top chess - Chess In Persia
players have been citizens of the former - High ranking Persians discovered the
USSR, and include: Tal, Alekhine, games and popularity trickled down to the
Petrosian, Spassky, Smyslov, Anatoli masses that way. The truth is that no one
Karpov, and Gary Kasparov. really knows, but the first reference to chess
in literature was around 600AD in a book
Staunton Chess Pieces written about the Persian dynasty of the
day.
In Early 1849, journalist Nathaniel Cooke is
- Chatrang
credited with the design on the patent, and
they are named after the English chess • Shah - King
master Howard Staunton, who endorsed, • Farzin - Queen
Staunton Chess pieces was made because • Pil - Bishop
of the difficulty in distinguishing the various • Asp - Horse
chess pieces. The main patterns prior to the • Rukh - Rook
Staunton pattern were the Lund, Merrifield,
• Piyadah - Pawn
Calvert, Barleycorn, Selenius and St
George patterns.
THIRD ERA – 651-1000 AD
CHESS - Islam Chess
is a game that has been played for - Muslims invaded Persia in around 638AD
centuries and was thought to have and by 651AD the Sassanid dynasty, which
originated in India over the 15th century. had stood for almost 400 years, was gone.
Just like the Persians, one early change
BRIEF HISTORY made by the Arabs was to change the name
FIRST ERA – 600 AD of the game to something that better suited
- The Origins of Chess their language.
- most historians agree that the game we - Shatranj
call chess originated in India. • Shah - King
- Evidence of board games have been • Firz - Queen
found in Egyptian tombs from 4000 BC. • Fil - Bishop
- 1500 BC, when the Indo-Aryan people first
• Faras - Horse
entered India from the North.
- Ashtapada, which is a square board • Rukh - Rook
consisting of 64 squares. • Baidaq - Pawn
● CHATURANGA
- “four-limbed” (4 divisions of FOURTH ERA – 1000-1500 AD
army/limbs) - Chess in Medieval Europe
1. Elephantry - Shatranj fitted the Arab tongue quite well,
2. Chariotry but Latin speakers of the time needed to
use a different name.
3. Cavalry
Ajedrez - Spanish
4. Infantry Xadrez - Portuguese
FIFTH ERA – 1500-1866 AD for over twenty years, making his
- Beginning of Modern Chess living at the London Chess Club.
- 15th century, there was an emergence of a
new chess game that was growing in 3. Robert James Fischer
popularity. So much so that in Italy, France
TITLE: Grandmaster
and Spain, the game covered in the
previous chapter had begun to be known as DATE OF BIRTH: March 9, 1943
old chess. COUNTRY: Chicago, USA
BACKGROUND/ATTAINMENTS
SIXTH ERA – 1866 AD ● US Championship 1957-1958
- The Modern Game ● He won the stunning brilliancy
- As tournaments became the normal way to D,Byrne vs Fischer, 1956
establish yourself as a champion chess ● At age 15, Fischer became both the
player, the rules of the tournaments began youngest grandmaster (at the time)
to have an influence on how the game was and the youngest candidate for the
played. World Championship.

GOVERNING BODY 4. Magnus Carlsen

FIDE - Fédération Internationale des TITLE: Grandmaster
Échecs DATE OF BIRTH: November 30, 1990
NCFP - National Chess Federation of the COUNTRY: Norway
Philippines BACKGROUND/ATTAINMENTS
● Top 1 in World Ranking with a
TOP PLAYERS standard rating of 2832 this 2024
INTERNATIONAL TOP CHESS PLAYER ● He holds the record for the highest
1. Garry Kasparov Elo rating ever achieved, with a peak
TITLE: Grandmaster rating of 2882 in May 2014. He has
DATE OF BIRTH: April 16, 1963 consistently been rated above 2800,
COUNTRY: Azerbaijan a mark of elite grandmasters.
● Rapid and Blitz World Champion. He
BACKGROUND/ATTAINMENTS
became the youngest player ever to
● 1st Qualifier at Soviet Chess be ranked world No.1 at the age of
Championship at 15 yrs. in 1978 19 in January 2010.
● Classical World Champion -
1993-2000
FILIPINO TOP CHESS PLAYER
● World Champion - 1985-1993
● World Junior Champion - 1980 5. Wesley So
TITLE: International Grandmaster
2. Wilhelm Steinitz DATE OF BIRTH: October 9, 1993
TITLE: Grandmaster COUNTRY: Cavite, Philippines
DATE OF BIRTH: May 14, 1846 BACKGROUND/ATTAINMENTS
COUNTRY: CZECH REPUBLIC ● 2nd Rank in the world in the year
BACKGROUND/ATTAINMENTS 2017.
● World Fischer Random Chess
● First Official World Chess Champion
Champion (2019): Wesley So won
● World Champion - 1886-1894 the first official World Fischer
● He played in the London tournament Random Chess Championship,
of 1862, and then settled in London defeating the reigning World Chess
Champion Magnus Carlsen in the
final.
 ● 1st place at the 2003 Philippine international junior tournaments also award
National Chess the FIDE title to winners.

6. Julio Catalino Sadorra International Master

TITLE: Grandmaster - To earn the IM title, a player must normally
DATE OF BIRTH: September 14, 1986 have an established FIDE rating of 2400.
COUNTRY: Bacoor, Cavite
GrandMaster
BACKGROUND/ATTAINMENTS
● ELO Rating of 2542 - is the most difficult title to earn for any
● FIDE TRAINER (2023) chess player. To become a grandmaster, a
● He represented the Philippines at player must establish a FIDE rating of at
the Chess Olympiad since 2014 least 2500.

7. Daniel Quizon Women Titles

TITLE: International Master ● Woman Candidate Master
DATE OF BIRTH: 2004 ● Woman FIDE Master
COUNTRY: Bacoor, Cavite ● Woman International Master
BACKGROUND/ATTAINMENTS ● Woman Grandmaster
● FIDE Rating of 2457
EQUIPMENT
FIDE TITLES 1. Chess Board
Expert and Class Tiles - 8x8 grid
- 64 alternating colored squares, 32 light
and 32 dark.
Titles Ratings - Columns - Files
- Rows - Ranks
Expert 2000–2199
Algebraic Chess Notation
Class A 1800–1999 - is the current and best form to learn of
which Figurine Notation is a derivative
Class B 1600–1799 swapping the piece names for figures to be
language neutral.
Class C 1400–1599

Class D 1200–1399

Class E 1000–1199

Candidate Master
- is awarded to any player with an
established FIDE rating of 2200 or higher.
This is the least prestigious title awarded by
FIDE.

FIDE Master
- is awarded to any player who establishes
a FIDE rating of at least 2300. Many
2. Chess Clock Specification: It can move in any number
- Two adjacent clocks with buttons to stop of squares vertically, horizontally, or
one clock while starting the other, so that diagonally.
the two clocks never run simultaneously.
3. BISHOP
Relative Point Value Quantity: 2 white - 2 black
● The pawn is worth 1 point Specification: It can move any number of
● The bishop is worth 3 points squares diagonally if its path is not blocked.
● The knight is worth 3 points Note: that this Bishop starts on a light
square and can reach only other light
● The rook is worth 5 points
squares.
● The queen is worth 9 points
● The king is worth infinite 4. KNIGHT
- Knight’s move is special
HISTORY OF CHESS PIECES Quantity: 2 white - 2 black
Mozarab Chess Pieces Specification: It hops directly from its old
- known as the pieces of Saint Genadio, square to its new square. Knight’s move as
may be as old as the beginning of the 10th
an “L.”
century. The four small pieces were made of
ivory and preserved in the Mozarabic
monastery in Leon, Spain. 5. ROOK
- next most powerful piece
Isle Of Lewis Chess Pieces Quantity: 2 white - 2 black
- Sixty-seven Isle of Lewis chess pieces are Specification: The Rook can move any
in the British Museum, the other 11 in the number of squares in one direction –
National Museum. The pieces come from vertically or horizontally– if its path is not
four different chess sets. The Isle of Lewis blocked.
chess sets contains the oldest known
ecclesiastical bishop. 6. PAWN
- moves straight ahead
Stauton Chess Set Quantity: 8 white - 8 black
- is composed of a particular style of chess Specification: It moves one square at a
pieces used to play the game of chess. time, but on its first move it has the option of
According to the rules of chess, this style is moving forward one or two squares.
to be used for competitions until now.
En Passant
EQUIPMENT - French basically means “in passing”. If a
1. KING pawn advances two squares on its first
- Most important piece move, and lands to the side of an
Quantity: 1 white - 1 black opponent’s pawn (effectively jumping past
Specification: When it is trapped, the the other pawn’s ability to capture it), that
whole team loses. It can move one square other pawn has the option of capturing the
in any direction. first pawn as it passes by. This special
move must be done immediately after the
first pawn has moved past, otherwise that
2. QUEEN
option is forfeited.
- Most powerful piece
Quantity: 1 white - 1 black Promotion
- Pawns have another special ability and
that is that if a pawn reaches the other side
of the board it can become any other chess Middle
piece except the king. A pawn may be - is where the central battle of the chess
exchanged to a queen, rook, bishop or a game happens.
knight. Pawns exchange is not restricted to
a piece that has been captured. Only pawns End
may be promoted. - We can define an endgame by the fact
that the kings are very involved in the fight.
OTHER TERMINOLOGIES
Castling BENEFITS OF PLAYING CHESS
- is a special move that lets a player move ● It increases the mathematical and
two pieces at once - the King and one 2 scientific skills of the students.
Rook. In castling, the player moves his King ● It develops a sense of confidence
two squares either to its left or right toward and self-worth.
one of his Rooks. ● It also enhances communication
- In order to castle, however, it must meet skills.
the following conditions: ● It gives a lesson of hard word and
● it must be that king’s very first move commitment.
● it must be that rook’s very first move ● It provides entertainment and
● there cannot be any pieces between relaxation.
the king and rook to move ● It is considered as a form of
● the king may not be in check or pass recreational therapy.
through check ● It is a form of indoor recreational
activity can be used to strengthen
Check & Checkmate family bond.
- The purpose of the game is to checkmate
the opponent’s king.
- Checkmate occurs if the king is checked
and cannot get out of check. If a king is
checked, he can get out in by moving out of
the way, blocking the check with another
piece, or capturing the piece threatening the
king. If a king has no possible move to
escape, then the game is over.

Stalemate
- is a tie game. Also known as a “Draw”. 3
ways to stalemate: insufficient material (not
enough firepower), no legal moves, and
three-fold repetition.

THREE STAGES OF CHESS GAME

Opening
- is where both sides develop their forces
and “prepare” themselves for the middle
game.