Web Development with Django

Santiago Dueñas
sduenas@libresoft.es

October 7th, 2010

Santiago Dueñas sduenas@libresoft.es - October 7th, 2010 Web Development with Django 1
 Introduction to Django

Web development framework

Provides a set of resources for creating complex web
applications in an easy way
Development based on Python programming language and
the Model-View-Controller pattern (MVC)
Open Source Project (BSD License)
http://www.djangoproject.com

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 Model-View-Controller Pattern (MVC) (i)

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 Model-View-Controller Pattern (MVC) (ii)

Model: Representation of the data on which the

application operates (raw data)
View: User interface
Controller: Manages the users requests and acts as
exchanger between the model and the views.

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 Starting a Project

A project is a collection of settings for an instance of

Django, including database configuration,
Django-specific-options, and application-specific settings
(Django Book )
An application is a portable set of Django functionality,
usually including models and views, that lives together in a
single Python package.
Initial commands
django-admin.py startproject <PROJECT>
django-admin.py startapp <APP>
manage.py runserver [DOMAIN]

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 Introduction to DB Model

Data access layer

Supports several database storage engines (MySQL,
PostgreSQL, SQLite, Oracle)
Access based on an ORM (Object Relational Mapper)
Suitable for object-programming

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 Database Configuration

settings.py
DATABASE_ENGINE = ""
DATABASE_NAME = ""
DATABASE_USER = ""
DATABASE_PASSWORD = ""
DATABASE_HOST = ""
DATABASE_PORT = ""

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 Useful DB commands

Validate model
python manage.py validate
Generate SQL
python manage.py sqlall <app>
Synchronize Model
python manage.py syncdb

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Santiago Dueñas sduenas@libresoft.es - October 7th, 2010 Web Development with Django 8
 Defining the Model

All classes inherit from models.Model

from django.db import models

class Author(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
email = models.EmailField()

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 Model Fields

- AutoField
- CharField
- TextField
- IntegerField
- FloatField
- DateTimeField
- BooleanField

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 Model Relationships

ForeignKey(othermodel) -> 1-N

a.fk = b
OneToOneField(othermodel) -> 1-1 (FK with unique=True)
a.fk = b
ManyToManyField(othermodel) -> N-N
a.fk.add(b)

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 Model Field options

null=Boolean
default=Type
primary_key=Boolean
unique=Boolean
unique_for_date=Boolean

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 Dealing with Model objects

Creating
a = Author(name=’sduenas’, ...)
a.save()
Updating attributes
a.name = ’carlosgc’
a.save()
Deleting
a.delete()

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 Searching

Basic search
Author.objects.all()
Author.objects.get()
Filters
Author.objects.filter(name="")
Author.objects.filter(name="Jesus", email__contains="libresoft.es"
Author.objects.order_by("name", "-email")
Author.objects.filter(name="").order_by("name")

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 Introduction to URLconfs

Regular Expressions
Map URL patterns to views
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *

urlpatterns = patterns("",
(r"^mysite/", include("mysite.urls")),
(r"^admin/", include("django.contrib.admin.urls")),
)

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 Regular Expressions

Symbol Meaning
. (dot) any char
* (dot) 0 or more previous chars
+ (dot) 1 or more previous chars
? (dot) 0 or 1 previous char
(?P<p>) group and parameter
[] set of chars
min,max range

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 URLconf Example

urlpatterns = patterns("",
(r"^id/(?P<name>[A-Za-z\-]+)$", "mysite.views.id"),
(r"^id/(?P<name>[A-Za-z\-]+)/auth/(?P<type>[a-z]+)$",
"mysite.views.auths"),
(r"^/num/(?P<num>d{2})$", "mysite.views.id"),
(r"(?P<path>.*)$", "django.views.static.serve",
{"document_root": "/var/www/myproject/"},
)

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 Views

Render template
render_to_response(<template>, <dict>)
HttpResponse
HttpResponse(response, mimetype=<type>)

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 Templates

Produce a dynamic text output requested by the user

Composed by text, variables ({{ var }}) and tags ({% tag %
})
Context variables are passed from the view dictionary
Template and Context objects is also available

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 Tags (i)

if/else
{% if found %}
<p>Found</p>
{% else %}
<p>Not found</p>
{% endif %}
for
{% for day in week %}
<p>{{day}}</p>
{% endfor %}

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 Tags (ii)

include
{% include "index.html" %}
block
{% block title %}
<h1>Title</h1>
{% endblock %}
extends
{% extends "base.html" %}

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 More on Django

Administration Site
Forms
Template Engine Extensions

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 References

Django Book http://www.djangobook.com/

Django Documentation
http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/

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