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8 Maths PPT 1 (Algebraic Expressions and Identities)

ALGEBRIC

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2K views14 pages

8 Maths PPT 1 (Algebraic Expressions and Identities)

ALGEBRIC

Uploaded by

aravchpr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Let’s recapitulate..

➢ Constant :A symbol in algebra having fixed value is


called a constant.56 ,78,etc….
➢ Variable :A symbol which can be given or assigned a
varied number of values is called a variable.
Variables are generally represented by letters of the
English alphabet i.e, 𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒂, 𝒃, 𝜸, 𝜷 𝒆𝒕𝒄.
➢ Algebraic Expression :A combination of constants
and variables , connected by some or all of the basic
operations such as +, −,÷ 𝒂𝒏𝒅 ×.
Important Terms of Algebraic
Terms of an Algebraic Expression:
Expression
The different parts of the algebraic expression separated by the sign +
or − sign are called the terms of the expression.
FACTORS:
The terms in an algebraic expressions are the product of factors. Like,
the term 4𝒙𝟐 is the product of the factors 4, 𝒙, 𝒙 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦
𝟗𝒙𝒚𝟐 is the product of the factors 9, 𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒚.
NUMERICAL COEFFICIENTS:
The numerical factor of a term is called the coefficient or numerical
coefficient of a term. So, the coefficient of 𝟗𝒙𝒚𝟐 is 9 and coefficient of
−𝟕𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 is (−𝟕 ).
LIKE TERMS:
When terms have the same variables and powers, they are like terms
(The coefficients need not necessarily match).
UNLIKE TERMS:
When terms do not have same variables or powers, they are unlike
FACTORS , COEFFICIENTS
LIKE AND UNLIKE TERMS
Expression Terms Factors
9xy+ 72x 𝟗𝒙𝒚 9 ,𝐱 ,𝒚
𝟕𝟐𝒙 72 , 𝐱

Algebraic Numerical Coefficients of


Expression Coefficients
x y xy 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
𝟗𝐱𝐲 + 𝟕𝟐𝐱 9, 72 9y , 72 9x 9 0 0
𝟓𝐲 + 𝟐𝟓𝐱 + 𝟏𝟎𝐱𝐲 5,25,10 25 , 10y 5 , 10x 10 0 0
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟖 2,3 2 3 0 0 0
𝒚𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 +xy+2x 1,1,1,2 x, y, 2 y, x 1 1 1

LIKE TERMS UNLIKE TERMS

𝟒𝒙 , 𝟔𝒙, 𝟕𝟖𝒙 𝟓𝐲, 𝟐𝟓𝐱 , 𝟏𝟎𝐱𝐲

2xy ,3xy, 71xy 𝟐𝒙, 𝟑𝒚, 𝟖

𝟖𝒙𝟐 , 𝟒𝒙𝟐 , 𝟔𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 , 𝒙𝟐 , xy , 2x


Types of Algebraic Expression
MONOMIALS: An algebraic expression with single term, is called
a monomial. Thus 𝟓𝒙, 𝟐𝒙𝒚, −𝟑𝒂𝒃𝟐 , 190 etc…are all monomials.
BINOMIALS: An algebraic expression containing two terms, is
called a binomial. Thus 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟒, 𝟐𝒙𝒚 + 𝟓𝒚, −𝟑𝒂𝒃𝟐 + 𝟒𝒂𝒃, 𝒚 + 𝟏𝟎
etc…are all binomials.
TRINOMIALS: An algebraic expression containing three terms,
is called a trinomial. Thus 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟒, 𝟐𝒙𝒚 + 𝟓𝒚 + 𝟓, −𝟑𝒂𝒃𝟐 +
𝟒𝒂𝒃 + 𝟏𝟐, z+𝒚 + 𝟏𝟎 etc….are all trinomials.
In general, an algebraic expression containing, one or more terms
with non-zero coefficient (with variables having non negative
tegers in powers) is called a polynomial. Thus 𝟕𝐱𝐲 , 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟒, 𝟐𝒙𝒚 +
𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝟒, −𝟑𝒂𝒃𝟐 + 𝟒𝒂𝒃 + 𝟓, 𝒚 + 𝟏𝟖𝟎 etc…. are all polynomials.
Degree of a term is the sum of the powers of each variable of the
term.
Degree of a polynomial is the highest of the degrees of the
individual terms of the polynomial.
Example 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟑𝟓 𝐭𝐡𝐞 degree of this polynomial is 2
Assignment Booklet
Q1. Choose the correct alternative from the following multiple choice

questions:

i) Which of the following is not a polynomial?

𝟑 𝟓
(a) 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟕 (c) +
𝒙 𝒙²

𝟑
(b) 𝟗𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓 (d) none of these
𝟕

𝟑 𝟓
Ans: (c) + as the powers of this polynomial are negative
𝒙 𝒙²

integers.

ii) The degree of 𝟒𝒙𝟐 𝒚 + 𝟕𝒙𝟑 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟖 is

(a) 𝟎 (b) 3

(c) 𝟒 (d) 𝟓

Ans: (d) 𝟓
NCERT-EXERCISE-9.1
Q1. Identify the terms, their coefficients for each of the following
expressions:
Algebraic Terms Numerical
Expressions Coefficients of the
terms
𝟓𝒙𝒚𝒛𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙𝒚 𝟓𝒙𝒚𝒛𝟐 , 𝟓,
−𝟑𝒙𝒚 −𝟑

1,
1+𝒙 + 𝒙𝟐 1,
𝒙, 1,
1
𝒙𝟐
𝟒𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒛𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐 𝟒𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 , 4,
−𝟒𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒛𝟐 , −4,
𝒛𝟐 1

𝟎. 𝟑𝐚 + 𝟎. 𝟔ab + 0.5b 𝟎. 𝟑𝒂 , 𝟎. 𝟑
𝟎. 𝟔ab , 𝟎. 𝟔
0.5b 0.5
Q2.Classify the following polynomials as
monomials, binomials, trinomials. Which
polynomials do not fit in any of these three
categories?
POLYNOMIALS: 2𝐲 −𝟑𝐲 𝟐 +𝟒𝐲 𝟑 ; 𝐩𝟐 𝐪 + 𝐩𝐪𝟐
1000 ; ab +bc +cd+da

Monomials
1000
Binomials
𝒑𝟐 𝒒 + 𝒑𝒒𝟐

Trinomials
2𝒚 −𝟑𝒚𝟐 +𝟒𝒚𝟑

None of these ab +bc +cd+da


ADDITION/SUBTRACTION OF
ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

❖ In addition or subtraction of
algebraic expressions, first we
collect like terms and add or
subtract accordingly.
❖ The numerical coefficients of
the like term are added or
subtracted
Addition of Algebraic Expressions
N.C.E.R.T-Exercise 9.
Q3. Add the following:
iii. 𝟐𝒑𝟐 𝒒𝟐 − 𝟑𝒑𝒒 + 𝟒
and 𝟓 + 𝟕𝒑𝒒 − 𝟑𝒑𝟐 𝒒𝟐
Solution: Arrange like term one below
the other and add
− 𝟑𝒑𝟐 𝒒𝟐 + 𝟕𝒑𝒒 + 𝟓
+ 𝟐𝒑𝟐 𝒒𝟐 − 𝟑𝒑𝒒 + 𝟒

−𝒑𝟐 𝒒𝟐 + 𝟒𝒑𝒒 + 𝟗
Addition of Algebraic Expressions
N.C.E.R.T-Exercise-9.1

Q3. iv. Add the following:


𝒍𝟐 + 𝒎𝟐 ; 𝒎𝟐 + 𝒏𝟐 ; 𝒏𝟐 +𝒍𝟐 and
𝟐𝒍𝒎 + 𝟐𝒎𝒏 + 𝟐𝒏𝒍
Solution: (𝒍𝟐 + 𝒎𝟐 + 𝒎𝟐 + 𝒏𝟐 + 𝒏𝟐 +𝒍𝟐 )
+(𝟐𝒍𝒎 + 𝟐𝒎𝒏 + 𝟐𝒏𝒍)
Arrange like term together and add
(𝒍𝟐 +𝒍𝟐 +𝒎𝟐 + 𝒎𝟐 + 𝒏𝟐 + 𝒏𝟐 ) + (𝟐𝒍𝒎 + 𝟐𝒎𝒏 + 𝟐𝒏𝒍)

2𝒍𝟐 + 𝟐𝒎𝟐 + 𝟐𝒏𝟐 + 𝟐𝒍𝒎 + 𝟐𝒎𝒏 + 𝟐𝒏𝒍


Subtraction of Algebraic Expressions
N.C.E.R.T-Exercise-9.1
Q4. b) Subtract 3𝑥𝑦 + 5𝑦𝑧 − 7𝑧𝑥

𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝟓𝒙𝒚 − 𝟐𝒚𝒛 − 𝟐𝒛𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎𝒙𝒚𝒛

Solution: Arrange like term one below the other


and subtract
𝟓𝒙𝒚 − 𝟐𝒚𝒛 − 𝟐𝒛𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎𝒙𝒚𝒛
𝟑𝒙𝒚 + 𝟓𝒚𝒛 − 𝟕𝒛𝒙

− − +
𝟐𝒙𝒚 − 𝟕𝒚𝒛 + 𝟓𝒛𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎𝒙𝒚𝒛
Subtraction of Algebraic Expression
Q4.c) Subtract 𝟒𝒑𝟐 𝒒 − 𝟑𝒑𝒒 + 𝟓𝒑𝒒𝟐 − 𝟖𝒑 + 𝟕𝒒 − 𝟏𝟎

𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝟏𝟖 − 𝟑𝒑 − 𝟏𝟏𝒒 + 𝟓𝒑𝒒 − 𝟐𝒑𝒒𝟐 + 𝟓𝒑𝟐 𝒒

Solution: 𝟏𝟖 − 𝟑𝒑 − 𝟏𝟏𝒒 + 𝟓𝒑𝒒 − 𝟐𝒑𝒒𝟐 + 𝟓𝒑𝟐 𝒒

-(𝟒𝒑𝟐 𝒒 − 𝟑𝒑𝒒 + 𝟓𝒑𝒒𝟐 − 𝟖𝒑 + 𝟕𝒒 − 𝟏𝟎)

= 𝟓𝒑𝟐 𝒒 − 𝟒𝒑𝟐 𝒒 − 𝟐𝒑𝒒𝟐 − 𝟓𝒑𝒒𝟐 + 𝟓𝒑𝒒 + 𝟑𝒑𝒒


−𝟑𝒑 + 𝟖𝒑 − 𝟏𝟏𝒒 − 𝟕𝒒 + 𝟏𝟖 + 𝟏𝟎

= 𝒑𝟐 𝒒 − 𝟕𝒑𝒒𝟐 + 𝟖𝒑𝒒 + 𝟓𝒑 − 𝟏𝟖𝒒 + 𝟐𝟖


THANK YOU !!

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