Dividing Fractions and Mixed numbers

8
Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 1

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Illustrating Theorems on

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Triangle Inequalities

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Grade 6 Mathematics 1
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 Dividing Fractions and Mixed numbers

Mathematics: Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 1: Illustrating Theorems on Triangle Inequalities
First Edition, 2020
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respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
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Published by the Department of Education

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Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

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Schools Division Superintendent:

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Anelito A. Bongcawil
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Printed in the Philippines by:

Department of Education, Region VII, Division of Cebu Province
Office Address: IPHO Bldg. Sudlon, Lahug, Cebu City
Telefax: (032) 255 - 6405
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Grade 6 Mathematics 2
 Illustrating Theorems on Triangle Inequalities

Most Essential Learning Competency:

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 illustrate theorems on triangle inequalities (exterior angle inequality

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theorem, triangle inequality theorem, Hinge theorem) (M8GE-IVa-1)

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In this lesson, the learner:

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1. compares triangles using sides and angles;
2. illustrates theorems on triangle inequalities;
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3. demonstrates determination in identifying the congruent parts
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and the non-equal parts of two triangles.
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In this module, you will discover the different theorems on triangle inequalities such
as triangle inequality theorem, angle side inequality theorem, side angle inequality theorem,
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exterior angle inequality theorem, hinge theorem, and its converse. You will also learn how
to illustrate these theorems.
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Grade 8 Mathematics 1
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 Illustrating Theorems on Triangle Inequalities

Directions: Find out how much you already know about the topics in this module. Choose the
letter of the correct answer and write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. Take note
of the items that you were not able to answer correctly and find the right answer as you go
through this module.

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1. What theorem states that “In any triangle, the sum of the lengths of any two of its

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sides is greater than the length of its third side”?
A. Triangle inequality theorem B. Side angle inequality theorem
C. Angle side inequality theorem D. Exterior angle inequality theorem

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2. Which of the following three numbers below can form the sides of a triangle?

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A. 2, 3, 10 B. 3, 3, 9 C. 6, 7, 8 D. 4, 5, 11
3. How many triangles exist with 12ft, 15 ft, and 18 ft side lengths?

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A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
4. Use the diagram to determine which of the following is a possible length for ̅̅̅̅.

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𝐶 𝐷 24 𝑂

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𝑇 𝐴
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A. 15 B. 20 C. 23 D. 25
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5. Which of the following is the correct ascending order of the measures of the angle in
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the diagram below? 𝑋

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16 𝑌
A. B. C. D.
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6. In Δ SIT, if 75 , 6 , 45 , what is the longest side?

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A. ̅̅̅̅ B. ̅ C. ̅̅̅ D. ̅̅̅̅̅

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7. What is the largest angle in the figure below?

𝐴
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9
7

𝐵 𝐶
8
A. B. C. D.

Grade 8 Mathematics 2
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 Illustrating Theorems on Triangle Inequalities

8. Complete the statement to make it true considering the figure below. ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐴

65 6
𝐷 𝑇

𝐸
A. < B. > C. = D.
9. In the given figure at the right, what are remote interior angles?

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𝑤
A. and B. and 𝑥

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𝑦
C. and D. and
𝑧

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10. Use the Hinge Theorem and the diagram below to choose the statement which must
be true.

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A. 1 3 B. 1 2 C. 1 2 D. 4 2
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Let us recall the properties of equalities, match the statements on the left to their
corresponding properties of inequalities on the right.
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1. If 5<6 and 6<8, then 5<8. A. Addition Property of Inequality

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2. If 2<4 and 2(5)<4(5), then 10<20. B. Subtraction Property of Inequality

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3. If 1<3 and 1-8<3-8, then -7<-5. C. Multiplication Property of Inequality

D. Division Property of Inequality

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4. If 6<9 and , then 2<3

5. If 3<7 and 3+8<7+8, then 11<15. E. Trichotomy Property

F. Transitive Property of Inequality

Grade 8 Mathematics 3
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 Illustrating Theorems on Triangle Inequalities

Now, let us try to answer the following tasks below.

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Task 1. Fill in the space with the correct measure to make the statement true by considering

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the figure below.

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a. If 57 and 29, then .
b. If 4 and 55, then .
c. If 57 and 24, then
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Task 2. Determine which segments of the given lengths can or cannot be the sides of the
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triangle?
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1. 15 14 1 2. 12 7 3
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Task 3. Write the angles in order from smallest to largest.

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8 cm
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6 cm
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A C
7 cm
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Task 4. Write the angles in order from shortest to longest.

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65

3 85
C B

Grade 8 Mathematics 4
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 Illustrating Theorems on Triangle Inequalities

Task 5. Compare the given measures.

1. Given that ̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅, how does ̅̅̅̅̅ compare to ̅̅̅̅?
X

64 61

W Y
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2. Given that ̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ , how does compare to ?

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K L

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34 𝑐𝑚 33 𝑐𝑚

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How did you come up with your answers? Let us check your answer in the next part

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of this module.

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Discussion for task 1
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Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem

The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is greater than the measure of either of
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its remote interior angles.

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Example 1: Fill in the space with the correct measure to make the statement true by
considering the figure below.
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a. If 57 and 29, then .

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b. If 4 and 55, then .

c. If 57 and 24, then .
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Solution
is the exterior angle and and are its remote interior angle, and
. Moreover, or .
a. If 57 and 29, then or
b. If 4 and 55, then 85
c. If 57 and 23, then 1 .

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 Illustrating Theorems on Triangle Inequalities

Discussion for task 2

Triangle Inequality Theorem (S1+S2>S3)
The sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is greater than the length of the
third side.
A ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅

C B

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The Triangle Inequality Theorem can be used to verify the possible measures for

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sides of a triangle.

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Example 2: Determine which segments of the given lengths can or cannot be the sides of
the triangle?

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a. 15 14 1 b. 12 7 3

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Solution:
a. 15+14=29>10

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14+10=24>10
15+10=25>14
Thus, 15 14 1
b. 12+7=19>3
can be the length of the sides of a triangle.
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12+3=15>7
7+3=10<12
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Thus, 12 7 3 can not be the sides of a triangle.

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Discussion for task 3

Triangle Inequality Theorem ( ) or Side Angle Inequality Theorem
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If one side of a triangle is longer than the second side, then the measure of the angle
opposite the longer side is larger than the measure of the angle opposite the shorter side.
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A ̅̅̅̅
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̅̅̅̅
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C B
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Example 3: Write the angles in order from smallest to largest.

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A
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8 cm
6 cm
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C B
7 cm
Solution
is the smallest angle since it is the opposite of the shortest side.
is the largest angle since it is the opposite of the longest side.
Hence, the arrangement of the angles is .
Grade 8 Mathematics 6
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 Illustrating Theorems on Triangle Inequalities

Discussion for task 4

Triangle Inequality Theorem ( ) or Angle Side Inequality Theorem
In a triangle, if one angle is larger than another angle, then the side opposite the
larger angle is longer than the side opposite of the smaller angle.

A ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅
C B

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Example 4: Write the sides in order from shortest to longest.

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A

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65

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3 85

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C B
Solution

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̅̅̅̅ is the shortest side because it is the opposite of the smallest angle.
̅̅̅̅ is the longest side because it is the opposite of the largest angle
Therefore, the arrangement of the sides is ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ .
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Discussion for task 5
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Hinge Theorem
If two sides of one triangle are congruent to two sides of another triangle, and the
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included angle of the first is larger than the included angle of the second, then the third side
of the first is longer than the third side of the second, then, the third side of the first triangle is
longer than the third side of the second triangle.
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The Converse of the Hinge Theorem

If two sides of one triangle are congruent to two sides of another triangle, and the
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third side of the first is longer than the third side of the second, then the included angle of the
first is larger than the included angle of the second, then the included angle of the first
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triangle is larger than the included angle of the second triangle.

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Example 5: Compare the given measures.

a. Given that ̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅, how does ̅̅̅̅̅ compare to ̅̅̅̅
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X
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64 61
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W Z Y
b. Given that ̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ , how does compare to ?
K
L
34 𝑐𝑚
33 𝑐𝑚

N M

Grade 8 Mathematics 7
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 Illustrating Theorems on Triangle Inequalities

Solution

a. Using the hinge theorem

You are given that ̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ , and you know that ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ by the Reflexive
Property of Congruence. Because 64° > 61°, m WXZ > m YXZ. So, two sides of
△WXZ are congruent to two sides of △YXZ, and the included angle in △WXZ is
larger.
Hence, by the Hinge Theorem, ̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅.

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b. Using the converse of the hinge theorem

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You are given that ̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ , and you know that ̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅̅ by the Reflexive
Property of Congruence because of 34 centimeters > 33 centimeters, ̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅.

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So, two sides of △MNK are congruent to two sides of △KLM and the third side of
△MNK is longer.

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Therefore, by the Converse of the Hinge Theorem, m KMN > m MKL.

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Let us check how far you learned in illustrating theorems on triangle inequalities
in the next part of these modules.

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A. Independent Activity 1
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Directions: Fill in each space to complete true inequality statements by considering

the figure below.
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1. If 48 and 22, then .

2. If 4 and 35, then .
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3. If 48 and 25, then .

4. If 32 and 16, then .
5. If 37 and 34, then .

B. Independent Assessment 1

Grade 8 Mathematics 8
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 Illustrating Theorems on Triangle Inequalities

Directions: Determine if each set of segments having these lengths can form a
triangle. Write YES if the lengths can form a triangle, and NO if it cannot form a
triangle.
1. 4 m, 6 m, 9 m
2. 9 cm, 5cm, 15 cm
3. 17 dm, 12 dm, 7 dm
4.
5. 2.3 in, 5.2 in, 8.0 in

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C. Independent Activity 2

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A. List the angles in each triangle in ascending order of size. X
1. 8 2. L 3.
B

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A
5 12 10

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3
6
7

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M Z Y
N 4 9
C

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B. List the sides in each triangle in ascending order of size.
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57
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85 C

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D. Independent Assessment 2
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Directions: Using <, >, =, compare the given measures.

1. ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ 2. ̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ 3. ̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅̅
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A C
D 114 X
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32 36
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123 B
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4. 1 2 5. 1 2
29 12
1
1

2 2
11
32

Grade 8 Mathematics 9
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 Illustrating Theorems on Triangle Inequalities

Answer the following questions:

1. What are the different theorems on triangle inequality?

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2. How do they differ from each other?

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Suppose you are having a camping. You decide to hike 5.3 miles northwest
and then turn and hike 2.1 miles east. Your sister tells you that you are only
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about 2 miles from the campsite. Is your sister correct? Explain why or why
not?
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Grade 8 Mathematics 10
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Strictly for students use only of the Division of Cebu Province. DO NOT share to other divisions and other teaching or non-teaching personnel. Any violation will be dealt with accordingly. Beta evaluation is still pending.
 Illustrating Theorems on Triangle Inequalities

Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter that corresponds to your answer on
a separate sheet of paper.
1. What theorem states that “The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is greater
than the measure of either interior angle”?

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A. Triangle inequality theorem B. Side angle inequality theorem
C. Angle side inequality theorem D. Exterior angle inequality theorem

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2. Which of the following three numbers below cannot form the sides of a triangle?
A. 4,7,9 B. 6, 6, 14 C. 8, 8, 8 D. 9, 4, 5

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3. How many triangles exist with 3cm, 5 cm, and 10 cm side lengths?

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A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
4. Which of the following is a possible length for ̅̅̅̅ . Use the diagram below.

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𝐿
𝑂

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15
𝑁
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5 𝑄 4
𝑃
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A. 10 B. 12 C. 15 D. 17
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5. Which of the following is the correct ascending order of the length of the sides in the
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diagram below? 𝑋
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𝑍 58
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𝑌
A. ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ B. ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ C. ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ D. ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
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6. In Δ CAT, if 35 , 8 , 65 . What is the longest side?

A. ̅̅̅̅ B. ̅̅̅̅ C. ̅̅̅̅ D. ̅̅̅̅̅̅
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7. What is the smallest angle in the figure below?

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𝐴
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𝐵
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5
𝐶
A. B. C. D.
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8. Complete the statement to make it true using the figure below.

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𝑎
𝑏

15
A. < B. > C. = D.

Grade 8 Mathematics 11
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 Illustrating Theorems on Triangle Inequalities

9. In the given figure at the right, what are remote interior angles?
A. and B. and 𝑎
C. and D. and
𝑐 𝑒 𝑓
10. Use the Hinge Theorem and the diagram below to choose the statement which must
be true. 12
3
1

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2
4

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1

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A. 1 3 B. 1 2 C. 1 2 D. 4 2

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Directions: Complete the graphic organizers below m
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Inequalities in
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triangle
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Inequalities in One Triangle Inequalities in Two Triangle

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Grade 8 Mathematics 12
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 Illustrating Theorems on Triangle Inequalities

What I know What’s in Independent Activity 1 Independent Assessment 1

10. B B 5. A 5. >109 5. NO 5.
9. A D 4. D 4. >132 4. YES 4.
8. B B 3. B 3. >107 3. YES 3.

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7. B C 2. C 2. >105 2. NO 2.
6. C A 1. F 1. 𝑚 E or 1. YES 1.

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𝑚 E

Independent Activity 2 Independent Assessment 2 What I have learned What I can do

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5. 𝐴𝑇 ̅̅̅̅ 𝐴𝐶
̅̅̅̅ 𝐶𝑇 ̅̅̅̅ < 5.

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4. 𝐹𝐼 ̅̅̅ 𝐺𝐹
̅̅̅ 𝐺𝐼 ̅̅̅̅ > 4. vary)
3. X Z Y > 3. -Answer may

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2. < 2. vary. (Explanation
1. < 1. Answers may No,

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Assessment Additional Activities
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10.C D 5. (Note: The answer may in any order)
9. B D 4. -Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem
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8. A B 3. -Side Angle Theorem Theorem
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7. B B 2. -Angle Side Theorem -Converse of the Hinge

6. A D 1. - Triangle Inequality Theorem -Hinge Theorem
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Inequalities in one triangle Inequality in two triangles

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REFERENCES:
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Orines, F. B., Diaz, Z. B., Mojica, M. P., Manalo, C. B., Suzara, J. L., Mercado, J. P.,
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Esparrago, M. S., Reyes N. V. (2013). Next century Mathematics 8. Phoenix

Publishing House, Inc., Quezon City.
Abuzo, E., Bryant, M., Cabrella, J., Caldez, B., Callanta, M., Castro, A.,…, Ternida, C.
ph

(2013). Mathematics- Grade 8 learners module: First edition. Philippines.

https://www.lcps.org/cms/lib4/VA01000195/Centricity/Domain/18041/5.5%20and%205
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.6%20Notes.pdf
https://www.nlpanthers.org/Downloads/chap073.pdf
https://richardoco.weebly.com/uploads/1/9/7/2/19725327/module_8.pdf
https://www.northallegheny.org/cms/lib9/PA01001119/Centricity/Domain/2096/Notes%
2010.2.pdf
https://static.bigideasmath.com/protected/content/pe/hs/sections/geo_pe_06_06.pdf
https://www.riverdell.org/cms/lib05/NJ01001380/Centricity/Domain/289/Hinge%20the
orem%20quiz%20page%201.pdf

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 Illustrating Theorems on Triangle Inequalities

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For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education, Region VII, Division of Cebu Province
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Office Address: IPHO Bldg. Sudlon, Lahug, Cebu City

Telefax: (032) 255-6405
Email Address: cebu.province@deped.gov.ph

Grade 8 Mathematics 14
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