— HESWORK ADDRESSING Metwork addressing isa fundamental concept in computex networking tat involves assigning unique identifiers to devices connected fo a network, These identifiers are used to facilitate commusication between devices and to enaure that data reaches its intended destindion. Intraduetion to 1? Addvessing © AP [lena Pralocel) addressing ix a fundamental concept in camputen nebworting tha ences dev cea fo communica with ech ofber oven 1? network. © An iP adds #1 0 unique rumevical identifier assigned fo each device consected to a network. © FP addresses ave used lo route dala paciets fram the source device tate destination device Tet Addvensing: © Pvt Unlernel Protocol version 4] is te most widely used IP aldzeasing scheme, # Pvt aldneaace axe 32 bite n dengthand aw typically w presented in dtted-decima ndldion(e.9.,1 92.168.0.1). © An PPu# addwes cansiate of fwo main parts: the network portion and the hot portion. © The netwonk portion ideatifies the network fo which te device Belongs, whe the host portion identifie athe apecfre device witkn tha network © Fut addwases ave divided into classes: A,B,C, D,and E, cach with a different range of addwasee cand network 2/302, Av JP addveas version 4 (FP 0) in 32 Bit Binony umber usually repreaened ax 4 deimal values, each representing {8 bitin the range 0 fo 258 (known ax octet) separated by decid pints. Shin is known ax‘datled decima’ nolan Eumphe: 140.179.220.200 ia sometimes useful foview the values on thet Hnary foun. 140.179.220.200 becames 10001100 10110011.1701T 100.1/001000 Every PP adden. consists of tuo parte, one ientfging te network and ove identifying Uhe howd. The Claus of He adde ces andthe aubaet mau deterine which past belongs tothe network addseas and whch part Belang tate Aout addea 4 32 bits Prefix length = L bits 32=L bits Network Host ‘Subnet mask T1TTTTITADATATIADTADITITA1OO0O00000 Tigase 6.1.An SP vt pref and «sabre maak 16 Address I gpes: Lenina BORIS Te! 992343901 Email imc xis 6@ gral. coma L © #16 inboduces diffenen! types of addweases for various purposes: # rican: An PPv6 adda tha denies a ingle interfoce. © Mutticast: An TP v6 addwss thal identifies a group of devices interested in xeceiving specif ie data. © Amycast: An JPu6 aldtes. that ident fiex a group of devices that provide the snie sevice and data ix routed fo the neaneat device in the group. Types of addreas Aetwork addwss can be ane of the following: Unicast (destined to ove host} Multicast [destined to group) Broadenal(deatined to al) Angeaal (destined fo nearest one} Glass | rroctet | 1 octet Default Subnet | Number of |_| Hosts per Network Decimal | High Mask Networks (Weable Addresses) Rage | Order Bits A__|1-127* [o 255.0.0.0 126272) _ | 16.777.214 2) B | 128-191 | 10 7255.255.0.0 | 16,382 65,534 (275-3) = 4-2) © [192-223 | 110 NNNH | 255.255.255.0 | 2,097,150 7254 QF=2) =(-2) D 224-239 | 1110 Reserved for Multicasting E [240-254] 1111 “Experimental; used for research] Address Classes She dalenne commusity ovgindly defined five addarze classes to accommodate networks of uaying 2)yes. icranast T CP/IP supports clas A,B, ond C addtee. sce assigned fo hosts. The class of aldwaa defines whch its ote wsed for the ntuock 19 and which Hts aw wed for te host 19.14 alea defines the possible number of newarts and tHe number of boat per network 1, Class A Addswases © Clase A addwases hve the frat Wit act {0 0, indicating that they belong to the Class. Aaddwas apac e © Thenange of Class A addres.sra is from 0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255. © he finat octet nepresents the network portion of the addve.s, and the remaining tine octets neprese at the koat postion na wind 60 na om [ AP SIMS BORIS Fel 692343904© Chass A addreases provide a ange numberof hot addses.es, mating tem aulable fx tare organ aahans ox sewice providers 2. Clase B Addwases: © Clase 8 addwa.ses have the final tivo Bits act fo 10, indicating they betong to the Claas B addwas 2 pace © Thenange of Class 8 addresses ia from 128.0.0.0 ta 194.255.255.255 © he fina two oclels wpresen the network portion of the adress. and the remaining two octets mepe eaent the hoat portion © Claus 8 addwases provides moderate number of hud addwaaea and aw typically axsigned fo med umaized nedwoats, 8 Clase C Addveasen: © Clana C addwa.sen hve the frat the hits set fo 110, indicating they felong to the Chau C addwas apace. © he xange of Class € aldteasea is fromm 1 92.0.0.0 ta 223.258.255.255. © The final tree octes xepreaeat the nework postion of te aldness,and the lat octet presets the fost portion. © Clase C addweases provide amatior number of host addresses and ate commanty aasigned to xmal I networks ox oxganizations 4, Clase D Addwases: © Clase Daddwases hae the final four Mts set to 1110, indicating they betong to the Clas D addres space © Fhenange of Case D addresses ia from 224.0.0.0 10 239.255.255.255 © Class Paddwases ave resened for muticast communication, where dais sent toa group of devie es, 5. Class & Addresses: # Class & aldseaacn hve te frat four hits acl fo #111, inlcating they belong to the Clase E.adéneas apace © The xange of Class € addves.sea is from 240.0.0.0 ta 255.255.255.255. © Chats £ aldswasen ave rezoned fox exyeximentl ox fulteuse and ave no typically 22s gned fo devk eu. Leivas BORIS Fel 692343904 Email imc xis 6@ gral. coma L Class | octet | Moctet | Networkitfost | Default Subast | Number of | Hosts per Network Decimal | High | 1D Mask Networks (Usable Addresses) Rauge | Order | (N-Networks, Bits | HH) Af fo NEHA [3550.00 12673) [16777314 G— 3) B [128-191 | 19 NNUH [28525500 [16382 65,534 2-3) = 4-2) C__ [ra 2as | 0 NNN [2552552550 [2,097,180] 254 "2 =@"-2) ‘D__[334=259 [T110 | Reserved for Multieasting E_[240—254[ 1111 | Experimental: used for researely Class addresses 1.0.0.0 to A |0| Network ‘Host 127.255.255.255 B10 Network Host 131.255.255.255 192.0.0.0 to c | 110 Network Host 223.255.255.255 o [ in10 Maticast adios 759 255255 255 240.0.0.0 to — wit Reserved for future use (255.255.255.255 Tipe 6:2. Classea of adress. Hote: Tr Claes A addwases 127.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255 cannot be used and i teserued for foopback and diagno atc fur lions, Wh Cass Paddwases are xescwed fox SP multicast addresses. The four highonder bts ina class D addwas are alwa 9s sek to binary 1170, The remaining bts ane fox the address th inlereated hosts recognize 1 Casa £ ia anexpermental eddwes thot ia xeacnved fox futune use. The hghonden hifs in a cious € address ane set fon ‘nA bits within the network ID cannot be set to 4. All's in he setwork 1D ave resewed foruse as an JP Anoadeast a dress, Au bits within the network ID cannot be set to 0. Ai 0's in the network 1D.aw used to denote a apeeifie hoat on the! cea netwoek and ate nat raul. Leivas BORIS Fel 692343904 Email imc xis 6@ gral. comPrivde IP Addveases: Shey ave addvwa.ses. used in te privae networks Claaa Private Metwonke Subnet Mask Addseaa Range A 10.000 255.000 10.0.0.0-10.256.2 55.255 B ITZIGOO-IT12.3 255.2000 1712.16.00 -172.8 100 1.256.285 c 192.1680. 255.255.0.0 192.168.0.0-192.1 en.255.255 Subnetting © dubactting ia He procen. of dividing a lagen newou ito amaln aubacw os, known as subnets © Subnetting allows forefficient use of 1? addweanes, eller network management, and improved secu aly Subnet Mask: © Asubnet maski 032-4 vale used to determine the network and host portions of an JP afdves.s © Flin xepreavnted using the same datted-decimal nation as JP" addwases, where each oclet represent 28 hits of Fe aubrel mask © The aubnel mask consists of consecutive network hte foltowed by consecutive bout Mts. © Foremmple,a aubnel mask of 255.255.255.0 (ox /24in CIR nolation) means thatthe final 24 Fa present the network postin, and the last? hts represent the host postion 2. Subneting Proven: © Fosuhneta network, deloumine He desired number of subnets and the number of hosts equined pox subnet © Cakeule the number of subnet kts requied to accammadate the desined number of subnets | 2%, wh exe mia the number of subnet bts) © Cakulate the number of host bits remaining after aubnetting 2" ~2, where rn ia the nuraber of Kost Ata © Determine the subnet mask based on the number of subnet bite. requed (e.g.. (nia CIDR notation) © Allocate the subnets and asaign 1P addnesses to devices accordingly Leivas BORIS Fel 692343904 Email imc xis 6@ gral. com