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 AREA BY TRIANGLES

1. Known Base and altitude

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 AREA BY TRIANGLES

2. Two Sides and Included Angle

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 AREA BY TRIANGLES

3. Three Sides Measured

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 Sample Problem

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 Sample Problem

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 Sample Problem

2. Area by triangles. A surveyor sets up a transit at P which is located in the

middle portion of a four-sided tract of land and reads directions and
measures distances, as given below, to the five corners. Find the area of the
tract. In square meters.

LINE BEARING DISTANC

E
PA N41°30’W 410.52m

PB N38°10’E 532.18

PC S70°20’E 450.75

PD S60°15’W 590.08

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 Sample Problem

A = 441,787.49 sq.m
T

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surveying.jpg
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DOUBLE MERIDIAN DISTANCE (DMD)

The meridian distance

of a line is defined as
the shortest distance
from the midpoint of
the line to the
reference meridian.
Meridian distances east
of the reference
meridian are
considered to be
positive, and those
west of the meridian,
negative.

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DOUBLE MERIDIAN DISTANCE (DMD)

The DOUBLE MERIDIAN DISTANCE of a line is the meridian distance of the

line multiplied by two. DOUBLE MERIDIAN DISTANCES abbreviated as DMD’s
are used in computing the area of a field enclosed by a traverse.
The following rules should provide a means of computing the DMD for each
course of a traverse:
RULE 1. The DMD of the first course is equal to the departure of the
course.
RULE 2. The DMD of any other course is equal to the DMD of the
preceding course, plus the departure of the preceding course, plus
the departure of the course itself.

RULE 3. The DMD of the last course is numerically equal to the

departure of that course, but with opposite the sign.

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DOUBLE MERIDIAN DISTANCE (DMD)

AREA BY DMD METHOD

Double Area = DMD(Adjusted Latitude)

AREA = (1/2)(∑NDA + ∑SDA)

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Sample Problem on Area by DMD

LINE ADJ LATITUDE ADJ DEPARTURE

(+) N (-)S (+)E (-)W

AB

BC

CD

DE

EF

FA

SUM

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Sample Problem on Area by DMD
LINE ADJ LATITUDE ADJ DEPARTURE LINE DMD Double Areas

(+) N (-)S (+)E (-)W + NDA -SDA

AB 490.71 47.27 AB

BC 587.12 608.89 BC

CD 327.41 786.78 CD

DE 1,002.76 218.32 DE

EF 122.67 1,116.62 EF

FA 375.01 544.64 FA

SUM +1452.84 -1452.84 +1661.26 -1661.26

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Sample Problem on Area by DMD
LINE ADJ LATITUDE ADJ DEPARTURE LINE DMD Double Areas

(+) N (-)S (+)E (-)W + NDA -SDA

AB 490.71 47.27 AB 47.27 23,195.86

BC 587.12 608.89 BC 703.43 412,997.82

CD 327.12 786.78 CD 2,099.10 687,266.33

DE 1,002.76 218.32 DE 3,104.20 3,112,767.59

EF 122.67 1,116.62 EF 2,205.90 270,597.75

FA 375.01 544.64 FA 544.64 204,245.45

SUM +1452.84 -1452.84 +1661.26 -1661.26 (+)640,439. (-

13 )4,070,631.6
7

AREA = (1/2)(∑NDA + ∑SDA)

AREA = (1/2)(640,439.13 + (-4,070,631.67))

AREA = 1,715,096.27 sq. m

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Trapezoidal Rule

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Simpson’s One-Third Rule

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Sample Problem on Trapezoidal Rule
A series of perpendicular offsets were taken from a transit line to an irregular
boundary. These offsets were taken 2.5 meters apart and were measured in
the following order ; 0.0, 2.6, 4.2, 4.4, 3.8, 2.5, 4.5, 5.2,1.6, and 5.0 meters.
By the trapezoidal rule find the area included between the transit line, the
curve boundary, and the end offsets.

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Sample Problem on Trapezoidal Rule
From a transit line to the edge of a river a series of perpendicular offsets are
taken. These offsets are spaced 4.0 meters apart and were measured in the
following order; 0.5,1.4, 2.5,5.6, 8.5, 7.4, 3.8,5.1, and 2.3 meters. By
Simpson's One - Third Rule, compute the area included between the transit
line, the river's edge and the line offsets.

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Sample Problem on Trapezoidal Rule
A surveyor needed to know the area between the straight line AB and a
meandering stream as shown in the figure below. At irregular intervals along
line AB, he measured offset distances from the line to one edge of the stream
with the results as shown on the figure. Determine the required area.

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Practice Problem

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Practice Problem

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Practice Problem

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