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Module 3

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12 views3 pages

Module 3

Uploaded by

Jennlyn Lai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY

Maddela Campus

THE REAL NUMBER SYSTEM

Objectives: At the end of the chapter, the students are expected to:
1. Identify and classify the subsets o the set of real numbers;
2. State and illustrate the properties and basic theorems of the real numbers;
3. Perform the indicated operations on integers and rational numbers; and
4. Identify and apply the properties of real numbers in argument to mathematical statements.

• Counting Numbers / Natural Numbers N = {1, 2, 3, …} = {positive integers}


• Whole Numbers W = {0, 1, 2, 3, …}
• Integers Z = {…, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, …}

The set of integers has three subsets:


1. Z+ = {Positive integers} = {1, 2, 3, …}
2. Z- = {Negative integers or opposites of the positive numbers} = {-1, -2, -3, …}
3. {0}
!
• Rational Numbers Q: These are numbers of the form " where a and b are integers and 𝑏 ≠ 0. These
#
can be terminating decimals like ½ =.5 or repeating decimals like $ = .333… .
!
• Irrational Numbers Q’ : These are numbers that can not be expressed as " . These are non-repeating or
non-terminating decimals.
o Examples: √3, 𝜋, ℯ
• Even and Odd Numbers
o An even numbers is a number of the form 2𝑛, n being an integer.
§ Examples: 2, 4, 6, 8, …
o An odd number is a number of the form 2𝑛 + 1, n an integer
§ Examples: 1, 3, 5, 7, …
Math11_EMCS
QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
Maddela Campus

o Zero (0) is an even number. Why?

• Prime and Composite Numbers


o A prime number is a positive integer that has only two factors: 1 and itself.
§ Examples: 5 = 1, 5; 7 = 1, 7
o A composite number is a positive integer that has more than 2 factors.
§ Examples: 6 → 1, 2, 3, 6
10 → 1, 2, 5, 10

o The number 1 is neither prime nor composite. It is called a UNIT.

• Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic


o Every positive integer N, N>1, is either a prime number or except for the order of the factors, it
can be expressed as a product of prime factors. This is also known as the prime factorization
property of a positive integer.
o Example: 1. N=5 a prime number
2. 12 = 2𝑥2𝑥3 = 2% 𝑥3; 2,2,3 are the prime factors of 12. The factored form
is the prime decomposition form of 12.

• Greatest Common Factor (GCF) of Two or more Numbers


o This is also known as the greatest common divisor (GCD). It is the largest number that can
divide the given numbers.
o Example: What is the GCF of 36 and 54?
36 2x2x3x3
54 2 x3x3x3
2 x3x3 = 18 GCD or GCF

• Lease Common Multiple (LCM) of Two or More Numbers


o This is the smallest number that is divisible by each of the numbers.
o Example: What is the LCM of 36 and 54?
36 2x2x3x3
54 2 x3x3x3
2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 3 = 108 LCM
• Absolute Value
o 𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒
o Algebraic Definition : |𝑥| = 0 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜
o = −𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒
o In view of this definition, |x| is never negative.
o Example: |-3| = 3 |5| = 5

Activity!
1. Give the prime factors of each number.
a. 64
b. 440
c. 1080
2. What is the GCF of each set of numbers?
Math11_EMCS
QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
Maddela Campus

a. 24 and 48
b. 76 and 94
c. 36, 45, 63
3. Find the LCM of each set of numbers.
a. 12, 15
b. 32, 72
c. 56, 24, 96

Math11_EMCS

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