Page3

chanle
Computen. CousiThedened the ahen o
Ne den diaftal
Computendiufded Ruto
iat genenation
third Second ganenatisn
founth genenatiau
Alth oneuakisu
(OHst Chenexatfon (t) Time hani ad- C1942- 195s)
handsae, technelat
|b) lunch Canda tr data Pahut and
þaben label or data sutpkut
Vaceu tubes () tagnehe tapes or exdennal
Key ajtusane ’> (a) Machine danguase
Wd to uite

(b limited CowmeHcial wse

C) kigkly unrealiable

( Exanple ’ (a) Glectroni numenleal and

Qnd (alculate C£HIAC)
(b) Electoni deAcibe Vaniakle automatic
Comhutes CEDVAC
(c)IBM - t01
MaHe_Heliable(abn)d (a)
Asenbby(a)
() (d) Badeh ((b\ danauagt ( d)
gunavaksy
Peucus Key Machine Hih SecondUnivandal
dagage
Mattne
chasactenistlc devel IYansistors
er
Conmhutohunatingsytena hrevenaienautomate
dangst
Jaunauaqe
oraae
Cbi(a)lransishorr
se. (b)
praaam
eaien toButed g Wedin
wtne MagnetHcs
Sdehudent. ()-
(R lanhutes
Key
'Hedu Aechnolagies.
haduuane, Time Poge Dote
Cores useHe -hexiad CUAC)
úng
and ued
tahnolngiea(19$5-I961) -
than magnetf.
 (C)atey
tb)PhenoMinal
(4) (a)Keduttien
A) 3)
bxample.- tientlic MachineA
XanAplea

) ley
mallncreae fo ahasiag qenenaien
DP-
) )
1 ConnMeia! ’
cs IVM-030
(d) (c) (b)
(a)
TvM- AH dechnalagie w UNIVAG
in and atexalfag MST use 0) ) CbC-
1604 honey
360,3t0 anHeliable
d
Comlyutaien housés, (MediuM Tc' Key ) c) -
usell
SsI LARG
inhexaced slhtem haduae
Tnterated Time to0
ad weneuhedGiale,(Soal)
Consumpten pesfud
cheaperplped. Puge
DateIL
Seale
Sntgrais)techualogie. -C19
ouline Circtüt
Tntaaration) 64
Computexs oees -
applieats 195)
a
 Dota

Paga

(iTme hetad - (196 - 1989)

i) Key hardusne dedhaalagjes.
daxge ebeale
istaraio (Lsr) ansd Very laxg integratisu
(vLI)
c) MicnproteJeN.
we uded.
Lavge Caþacity hand aisk as fo ballt cdeondany
brsage a hetable ltorage
e)The Comut.
Cotgut naty (alled hesona
`uken Computew based sn ole ctor pmceing
oted to devela
deusls.
Nehuorting Irtodued
oG0

Mult -froiaing
ee
intoduced.

ehenaltsa Colputex TUM,PC

LRAY -one
 dtatiou
izes
þroesing
rocautng
Dote[l Tnkeg-abion)
disN, uork
danguaa
Poge[ had Canþute. daauaq
dcale
Comuten
clauilied
fae
andolorage Camplex
Rreaent)
QUange Nlatuxal rame
Key
handaaH,mENmay
AechnalogjeA,
hantaaledihen Mane
-C1989-ta A,
Main leme- 08, loipuen
ategorita andCoat.
ust a re
Hhreadiny
þoxtod a
wth dist, (ePoues<ul fntouded Examplas.
Time (a)IC lica Mul and
MIM
5) ) Ce) (a)
RDllAehle
enao Majon Medium lonputea
Roniona!
Meocamhutx
baténtainhent.
henating
dytem PoceAAing Conhlen
Miuo
fneksnaie.
selativehyaxe
Conhaniea
lize
dicplay ollpeeda Qne
hat Campat
Conputexs
hese
sÑere¡n ?s
roduce dehend
and LAed
nrmally patabe. Poge]
nmiD ubon or
pexsona Computetnshat
CONMhuten the (
laptap.
paulan
rio
) and
 and
archtect
enginee Main
Date[UO to brocessing use Os modeno
Qtatisn
desinad hae
worktaionA
he
haedagpnA cdaid slaid UNTAGX
noHmaly TNM
CPU
based wort
inatucion
iathucisun dome
Poge[ Cormputerqreater grabhica
sealution
dispauinghign workatadis
in
CoMpute,
Pe's Cuded
un
&tathion Hemortutakie
deaktokWeRd
uh onal Reduce,
(lanalex
frucesAaH
AT a aot
aleo
worKtahon
peuon
onu. ont Maut In ad uAeA
uch
pouenlal he - - -
CT9e technalegy
techalas yten based
han ahaity ailty deaign in
Jacilfty Dralay shoxaing
orage Brocesiasheea
Meet pouse Rrse
 Doz:
Pogo

2 Exhauuiau ollats - orkstaan Liaaly hawe

MOHe thon Workstaion havo tuo
MOH

ukatatiog. one SUN

HËcmtydecmy TuMuolet þatkand, dien qahicd,

Bewbnd OrmanisaHan Banks,Thautiance. Conhany

hafitads nailday neád onin foraceyinga
a tranaaciona and eayuin Coimhuton
emhawing maWAiva data,ltornge, iroeasing.e

Compouent
front -end and hach-end computen host Canieh
lontre
Out moAt Computaion and has dired

front end Comhuten handleAal lommunicatten to

tuden temina.

- end conputer handle alt data input and

Back
Dutput orato
 Dote[ I
PogeT1

2 Consale, One OH mAe Conaale teumina Connet

to the het Computen
adminlktrotor to þenyom aivittea cluch a
Inataing nes

arage
Connet sdewenal magaetic. d driues diety
to bak-end Conhutel
SeHven as acces ation WAen UAe
Ahem to_ uork

Usem tominala alo erve the

"Hlatora ae Cowneded to the bauk-end lomkute.

agneie tupe doives
Pinten
loter
Back-end Comptenu

Hot lomputon (procesen)

Consale

Eront -end roeien omafuten

Use Usey
ternin
 we blern Aithmetic
oint
Aoaling o BHABMA
GnRAY BonieA
þackaxd.
AristhmetBc
sint
oaing
and4ime Comiplez Induskry
Aerosace
IData incudepaan
q2ven by
Corpalor
aonCen
Poga adalve, Meulet
at
deondand
bapew
Sonahi induatgauhenComputons
develoked
the
mt awilahle
lompute to apleatis
Supencoming nele
dufu,
technalsaie lm
moden 1042 sdecond
thevalioshen
indasthy
Radustry
Qhe hnrahies
a odom
Sugentamhake proesirng Qoied
Tn
pehaleurn nda
Taxallaa Aaomkile
maN
and
eaeive
in
Examlea
Silitan ANUP
AM
Can Some
 Date T
Poge[

was

Aseably dauguage utro dutd fo 1352 to

llttattoa Bd machine laugag
dilienlt to þnaram aud nd enstud
* Assanbly languase itd al phaumeale MnemanicA
ex- Aopfo) to wnte smlay dauguage
ogrank
needa assembleto Conyent
Asnaby
the
anguaaa
wachiue Iugua
Asgemblydanguage, tAsemblen
nput out Mackine
languase Pngan
Sownee pnqram bject þoogan)
Bome anguaduantaag Qven Nachina

Eien toundenatandand we becase the

wde mnemonics ánd ymbala in lace a
Zeso' and oAA

Easiey to loatp and lorreet esKON

than mochne
4) o uamy abaut addnesehecáAe.
Innaenty language Ahelr ia ne ned
Keah taek tetnge. location
data and fnthruction

BaitatienA
Aemblen dà

* Assenbly anaunge idMachinedapondent

ushich Bt aaianbly langlag is
Can ee eute

ajge arogram.
Kiouule dae gehaidane and kaleal
Sutune hih the nograumner ca wite
goad apliation pmgam
ahe non-paxteble
Assnbly agge
1671172024 10:16
 Dote
Poge

Jeuel

MAlie idalpendast aud hatable.

Cntxally they haus louaen oxecutlau
Fewen beue they ae ontten fo.
human tndexHuda bl praq1ausi danguags
And the owilax

Eauian to Maintain
autaata
Cau7ilexaud Indospake inne sizqured to thulake

nd then
oojet tade

ingtfhuhuxe, uiten fn
than,Toua Ctt .

ole ch ade The skjec ade i the machine

thle tadegenesatedamhe Souree Cade
1671172024
 qeuenaed
(ade
thatis to
Mealuned
languages Hemooltoing
for
dato 0
dehendent memeony
to ek.
ta
Pogo T:B
main
CadePython
machsne
GB
H8 1024
1024
Mermort K"B
USB-Univeruel
Senial
bus Lomoilugouna AH t024
bute l02y
Tava piman
emag 1024 byte
not {ntucisns
Jelpreientaon -
is
a ead.
Meuna e -
byt peta
Tena
Computen byte NA
uch 4 1
1
Tkis
 Dote[C
Poge

Exaloyte
zetilbte
1024
1024
P.A
EB
yotta by te. 10 24

Stoyage iteyis
th men? the amowt
a. oltarag unit lan altae

Ace me -
Joate and etReve data m the memoy
Jousen the

imay Hemoy Serondaxy Hemory

D_Bimay memon is the Secandany Honmaxy ulen
inhonamarlary he to the extexnal StoYgz
|ornputes hat the CN wed to
Aos longtm(emaren
nedes RAH and RoM Their ae, hand dsc
Sod Btaleives (ssR)
RAH olatle and RoH
hon-Volale

non-Volattle in natune
()Srallen Sorng Capaity (wgon Sto roge Caot,
)Acce ttme do ate Log acess time.

6
8lowen peed
Stwnday Hueg
Store data enmanentty
Hemory is ised to ore including Jtu,aiatom
daka and rograna that He and he ahexafng

RAM (Vandlom atess Heorg

Hhe atoed inlormattam A dost when thee

Lsheneven you opena proararn 0abbllcattsu st

qeks onded hárddise to RAM
tht becaineHeading dataom the ram
Much JauteH toan the
hand dove

RAM usad fnentedby Robent Meath Dennao

At TBM
 Pogel

HeTBM
dome manu<ackuingComanie
Asus , 9CboN,

RAM Ra
Statio RAMand Dynaníe RAM.
5talfe RAM - The cdtaie
edtatte am Ra ag Called
SRAM ç atye
Random access HeAY SRAMi
blaleRam that
Ahan Capacitos to atane data
Dynanic RAM - sAa alao. Called DRÁM H
a tupe o eleni Canductor based meneny
DRAM fa
aare dodain
and cheapen than SRAM

ROM CRead &nly Memorg

a
has
prin
data
any hich annat be
Memo
e-wite athe lomaute RoM had a
Stant ooot.
Oy haat loades puogra
Their ase ee tyhes af AoM- PROMcingranrable
fPROM/ Erasab
Read ouy
Mso)
progtomakle ReadonlyHeROry) EEPRoMEE PROM
Ele ctically Erasable rogtanmable Yead or
Memory)
 Pen had EERROM EEPROM
Elealchihy The Contents
lanat beSyrethe
Thii pobleCannot Once EPROM
and EPROMA Ihe 4
PROMPROM
dives Horujahuex
EERRoM.
Mem ealy fnamakon
&tecast(
heaiveahíah onty CAraqyamable
USB) EPROMa oltore Menog)
s
pesanent
pragam
Bapt a

and alao aManuachune

pgromed
0on-Volae
memay njarased on
ommatCan be Emiabe
Called basakle
Valtae
deveoped
EPROMe rogramable Kead
prgraiwku
ah featady Ren

eleche memory Gniy

t Meong
Rtud thby
e
iaei ony
 Dote

Seconday onge Daltel

lo QueKcanNe Ahe iidal'oua uel
o rimag oge
add4iona
aonday ong.
Strage dexfcel hadA Jnitakiod iKe
Sftted and Jolaile in natue.
Conpukes had eN enal devices andnedia
discd q handdi'scs

ELAndogdhrage
tuse
deuice Can ke clanilied iutn
Aechuaiagy data accest techualog
ace

aceelled' seaventalAichMean the data

acceuing tatia Joigen me.
04
0
we Can direct'y
data om a doatfon , The access
Ame
dealea

he eanle o eahevdtal de Storage deniceJ.

 lasates)
datqets plasttothat
data Ribboy
wAagutratzeno'autored
oxde
Nediodiviced
atorage
Rande poulas CRepradeuing
fron ahe ae
thene
Cadateea
DotePoge Melt Maqneetahe
l 7Cautidge
a lbats
laudio the Coaling
medium
tape
Maghetic data
eHe Rovisible The reelreel
tabe
oMagneie
(hand Aecorded
tabe medfum hod
a
Magete
dape ape tahetape
Haantie
Magnete
Afses sÑmall
acceA
rage. Castetes inchRnch
Can
Data Y
/4
d
1) )
 Advantaaea and inttation of Magncio Jahus

Aduaudage
tapes
handle
ate easyto in
because dney onapack
weigkt
Magnetie tapes ane eouty pantoble Thy as
Licamputer to anathar
JSmttatisus
Magucte takea
elata that e. -need
thein aputiad
kn sasut fre emvinonnment
must oltases them
because cust lom Couses
magnetie tapes ta enemben.
de must Jabelis oahe tape .
whih data
 An Medfums CanMedfum
A On fota pnjected deulees
dauger
aHe ed
To and decuolagg
neodng
databeam
steal
an unlace,
wite moHes
tore
slotica)eleaanala
chroniOFfO) to ele
0h 0
data oaucig the isc açtal.tey alfan sfpcal
disc Conhatoxa
andmall Hhe
okhe Coated HelecHonellectd dise destver dcc ttheuan data
ae
media.
holel data af
þaesnaanlaee diva ththe.e adesondag
otrag.
afetizal and Pogo
iA shic haxta
Called magnetk aptfcal A
wvit en ble, has
lonwented He
ON(1) wnting
pits this
dtorngnd disc.a
fn beaw
the
 Date
Poge

kaslcally
a) co- wORM_Cate write. Once Read Many2
b) Co-RW CRe. Witable

DVD
3) Bu
BLU RAY kcc.

CD Ccontact dlu)
Aco a dlven Calouy Coated dlut sed

otose upto too MB

Coating A Can

Can

WORM CD-R
In thi CDA thedata Inlorsatisve
Staned and an benea
kang ThTo, eaxlies days, LD
Hhe enjened torag Mediund
CD-Rw
Aise es Vesu liutlan to wORM allse
he. exceþtion thatN lwee Can eHades revisuA
Cantente an wte, u44 Muli ple tine
 Dota'

Dyo (Digital Watile di )

buD'aane the advanced Vexafsu s
mOAe igni lcant han' cs'a
A oVD Can atone upt GB' data
BlU -RAY dec
A Blu- hay Jac1 a diaital opteal diae
aat trr thancD's

the yea Q006

H> Nedes
ct20p aud 1080p)
flash MenaM
* AJlasl drve ben hfuea a onpact
aloeut he ize a a fen
Tt Comes Vaniaus dhaßea and aizes
Pen doiveA pooenul and eady
Connet to
Aatyes that feeple
and hae, and atoes
lomputen alytems
beneral daa
t into USB Cunveial
hesiel bus) pant a Compudeu

.LZ4 2
ata deuices RROM ¬E A datRasa
Key 4)Electrouie 5 )
Keybaanddeute seoning
deicd
ea
at Peind
Reybond Tnlatfonon
input poao deiced Sheeh
Vihales
sfon entDevihhenal'can?
and
Reagaitfo desiced
These
deviadauices devices Can draw Dateuiptutcea
saceseddatAaca and
rto ne basesdevlce deyices deviA henead
outhut
Input at dentces
foudag vlee- (alled
a he deices
'Mawe Vensa,
den MOt
(e- Rnoun
ao wHh
alComMunicate Dole
Snput doteUSB
em hey mic) Cex- dato
Atn
outut
Canda)
by