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PHYSICS CLASS NOTES

TOPIC: ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE Lecture No.: 2

Ex.
The electric potential at a point in free space due to charge Q coulomb is 𝑸 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟏 volts. TH electric field at that
point is [2008]
a) 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑄 × 1020 volt/m

om
b) 12𝜋𝜀0 𝑄 × 1022 volt/m
c) 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑄 × 1022 volt/m
d) 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑄 × 1020 volt/m

l.c
Sol.
1 𝑄
𝑉=

ai
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑅
1 𝑄
𝑄 × 1011 =

gm
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑅
1
𝑅=
4𝜋𝜀0 × 1011
@
1 𝑄
𝐸=
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑅 2
04

1
= (4𝜋𝜀0 )2 (1011 )2 𝑄
4𝜋𝜀0
20

= 4𝜋𝜀0 × 1022 . 𝑄
an

Ex.
Twenty seven drops pf same size are charged at 220 V each. They combine to form a bigger drop. Calculate the
potential of the bigger drop. [2021]
aj

a) 1980 V b) 660 V
ah

c) 1320 V d) 1520 V
Sol.
Here n=27
m

Potential , V=220 V
Potential at the surface of a solid charged sphere
sh

1
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑞
ku

𝑉=
𝑒
4 3 4 1
𝜋𝑟 × 𝑛 = 𝜋𝑟 ′3 𝑜𝑡 𝑟 ′ = 𝑟𝑛3
3 3
Potential of bigger drop,
1 𝑛𝑞 1 𝑛𝑞
𝑉𝑛 = . ′ =
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 4𝜋𝜀0 13
𝑟𝑛
2
∴ 𝑉𝑛 = 𝑉𝑛3
Putting the values of n and V in equation (ii), we get
2
𝑉𝑛 = 220 × (27)3 = 1980 𝑉

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Relation between electric field and electric potential:
We know that
𝑊𝑒𝑥𝑡 = ∆𝑈
𝑊𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠 = 𝑈𝑖 − 𝑈𝑓
Also
𝑊𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠 = ∫ 𝐹⃗𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠 ∙ 𝑑𝑟⃗ ...(i)
𝑈𝑖 − 𝑈𝐹 = ∫ 𝐹⃗𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠 ∙ 𝑑𝑟⃗

𝑈𝐹 − 𝑈𝑖 = − ∫ 𝐹⃗𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠 ∙ 𝑑𝑟⃗
𝑑𝑈
𝐹⃗ = −

om
𝑑𝑟
⇒ 𝑑𝑈 = −𝐹⃗ ∙ 𝑑𝑟⃗
⇒ ∆𝑈 = − ∫ 𝐹⃗ ∙ 𝑑𝑟⃗

l.c
We know that

ai
𝐹 = 𝑞𝐸
⇒ 𝐹⃗ = 𝑞 ∙ 𝐸⃗⃗ ...(ii)

gm
𝑊𝑒𝑥𝑡 = 𝑞 ∙ [𝑉𝑓 − 𝑉𝑖 ]
𝑊𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜 = −𝑞[𝑉𝑓 − 𝑉𝑖 ]
@
∴ 𝑊𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠 = −𝑞[𝑉𝑓 − 𝑉𝑖 ] ...(iii)
04

−𝑞[𝑉𝑓 − 𝑉𝑖 ] = ∫ 𝑞𝐸⃗⃗ ∙ 𝑑𝑟⃗

⇒ 𝑉𝑓 − 𝑉𝑖 = − ∫ 𝐸⃗⃗ ∙ 𝑑𝑟⃗
20

⇒ ∆𝑉 = − ∫ 𝐸⃗⃗ ∙ 𝑑𝑟⃗
an

𝑑𝑉
∴ 𝐸⃗⃗ = −
𝑑𝑟
aj

Hence
𝑑𝑉
𝐸⃗⃗ = −
ah

𝑑𝑟
𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉
⇒ 𝐸⃗⃗ = − [ 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ ]
m

𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝜕𝑉
→ Partial differentiation of ‘𝑉’ wrt ‘𝑥’ keeping 𝑦 & 𝑧 constant
sh

𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑉
𝜕𝑦
→ Partial differentiation of ‘𝑉’ wrt ‘𝑦’
𝜕𝑉
ku

→ Partial differentiation of ‘𝑉’ wrt ‘𝑧’

𝜕𝑧

𝑉𝑓 − 𝑉𝑖 = − ∫ 𝐸⃗⃗ ∙ 𝑑𝑟⃗
𝑉𝑖 − 𝑉𝑓 = [Area under Electric field & displacement graph]
𝑑𝑉
𝐸⃗⃗ = −
𝑑𝑟
𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉
𝐸⃗⃗ = − [ 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ ]
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
∆𝑉 𝑉𝑓 − 𝑉𝑖 = − ∫ 𝐸⃗⃗ ∙ 𝑑𝑟⃗

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Ex. If electric potential at a point is given as 𝑽 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚, then find the electric field vector at that point.
Sol.
𝑑𝑉 𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉
𝐸⃗⃗ = − = − [ 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ ]
𝑑𝑟 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝜕𝑉 𝑑
= ∙ [𝑥 2 + 𝑦] = 2𝑥 + 0 = 2𝑥
𝜕𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝜕𝑉 𝑑 2
= [𝑥 + 𝑦] = 0 + 1 = 1
𝜕𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝜕𝑉 𝑑 2
= [𝑥 + 𝑦] = 0 + 0 = 0
𝜕𝑧 𝑑𝑧
∴ 𝐸⃗⃗ = −[2𝑥𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂]

om
Ex.
⃗⃗ = − 𝟐𝐱𝐢̂ − 𝐲𝐣̂ then find the potential at (x,y) if potential at
If the electric field is given by the expression 𝐄

l.c
origin is 0 volts.
Sol.

ai
We know that
𝑉𝑓 − 𝑉𝑖 = − ∫ 𝐸⃗⃗ ∙ 𝑑𝑟⃗

gm
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2

⇒ 𝑉𝑓 − 𝑉𝑖 = − [ ∫ 𝐸𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝐸𝑦 𝑑𝑦 + ∫ 𝐸𝑧 𝑑𝑧 ]
@
𝑥1 𝑦1 𝑧1
𝑥 𝑦
04

∴ 𝑉 − 0 = − [∫ −2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ −𝑦 ∙ 𝑑𝑦]
0 0
20

𝑥 𝑦
2𝑥 2 𝑦2 𝑦2
⇒𝑉=[ ] + [ ] ⇒ 𝑉 = 𝑥2 +
2 0 2 0 2
an

Ex.
aj

⃗⃗ = 𝟐𝒙𝒊̂ + 𝟑𝒚𝟐 𝒋̂ N/C. Also the potential at origin is 5 V. Then, find

If electric field in a region is given as 𝑬
potential at (2, 3).
ah

Sol.
(0, 0) →5V
m

↓ ↓
(2, 3) →V = ?
sh

𝐸⃗⃗ = 2𝑥𝑖̂ + 3𝑦 2 𝑗̂
𝑥2 𝑦2
ku

𝑉2 − 𝑉1 = − [ ∫ 𝐸𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝐸𝑦 𝑑𝑦]
𝑥1 𝑦1
2 3

⇒ 𝑉 − 5 = − [∫ 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 3𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦]
0 0
2 2 3
𝑥 𝑦3
⇒ 𝑉 − 5 = − {[2 ] + [3 ] }
2 0 3 0
2 ]2 3 3
⇒ 𝑉 − 5 = −{[𝑥 0 + [𝑦 ]0 }
⇒ 𝑉 − 5 = −[22 − 0 + 33 − 0]
⇒ 𝑉 − 5 = −[31]
⇒ 𝑉 = −26𝑉
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Ex.
Variation of electric field with the distance is shown in the graph below. It is given that potential at origin is 20 V
and electric field at origin is 20 N/C. Electric field remains constant up to x = 1 m as shown in figure.
Find electric potential at (2, 0).

om
Sol.
𝑉𝑓 − 𝑉𝑖 = − [Area under 𝐸 − 𝑟 graph]
𝑉(2,0) − 20 = −[30]

l.c
⇒ 𝑉(2,0) − 20 = −30
⇒ 𝑉(2,0) = −10𝑉

ai
gm
Ex.
If potential (in volts) in a region is expressed as V (x,y,z) = 6xy – y + 2yz, the electric field (in N/C) at point (1,1,0)
is
̂) b) −(𝟔𝒊̂ + 𝟗𝒋̂ + 𝒌 ̂)
@
a) −(𝟐𝒊̂ + 𝟑𝒋̂ + 𝒌
c) −(𝟑𝒊̂ + 𝟓𝒋̂ + 𝟑𝒌̂) ̂)
d) −(𝟔𝒊̂ + 𝟓𝒋̂ + 𝟐𝒌
04

Sol.
𝑑𝑉 𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉
𝐸⃗⃗ = − = − [ 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ ]
20

𝑑𝑟 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝜕𝑉 𝑑
= [6𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 + 2𝑦𝑧] = [6𝑦 − 0 + 0] = 6𝑦
𝜕𝑥 𝑑𝑥
an

𝜕𝑉 𝑑
= [6𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 + 2𝑦𝑧] = [6𝑥 − 1 + 2𝑧] = 6𝑥 − 1 + 2𝑧
𝜕𝑦 𝑑𝑦
aj

𝜕𝑉 𝑑
= [6𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 + 2𝑦𝑧] = [0 − 0 + 2𝑦] = 2𝑦
𝜕𝑧 𝑑𝑧
ah

∴ 𝐸⃗⃗ = −[6𝑦𝑖̂ + (6𝑥 − 1 + 2𝑧)𝑗̂ + 2𝑦𝑘̂ ]

𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 1, 𝑧 = 0
m

⇒ 𝐸⃗⃗ = −[6𝑖̂ + (6 × 1 − 1 + 2 × 0)𝑗̂ + (2 × 1)𝑘̂ ]

⇒ 𝐸⃗⃗ = −[6𝑖̂ + 5𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ ]
sh

Ex.
ku

In a region, the potential is represented by V(x,y,z)=6x-8xy-8y+6yz, where V is in volts and x,y,z are in meters.
The electric force experienced by a charge of 2 coulomb situated at point (1,1,1) is [2014]
a) 𝟔√𝟓 N b) 30 N
c) 24 N d) 𝟒√𝟑𝟓 N
Sol.
𝑉 = 6𝑥 − 8𝑥𝑦 − 8𝑦 + 6𝑦𝑧
𝜕𝑣
1) 𝜕𝑥 = 6(1) − 8𝑦(1) − 0 + 0 = 6 − 8𝑦 = 6 − 8 = −2
𝜕𝑣
2) 𝜕𝑦 = 0 − 8𝑥(1) − 8(1) + 6𝑧(1) = −8(1) − 8 + 6(1) = −10
𝜕𝑣
3) 𝜕𝑧 = 0 − 0 − 0 + 6𝑦(1) = 6(1) = 6

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−𝜕𝑣
4) 𝐸𝑥 = 𝜕𝑥
=𝑧
−𝜕𝑣
5) 𝐸𝑦 = 𝜕𝑦 = 10
−𝜕𝑣
6) 𝐸𝑧 = 𝜕𝑧 = −6
𝐸⃗⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 10𝑗̂ − 6𝑘̂
|𝐸⃗⃗ | = √(2)2 + (10)2 + (−6)2
= √4 + 100 + 36 = √140
= √35 × 4 = 2√35 𝑁/𝐶
𝐹 = 𝑞𝐸 = 2(2√35) = 4√35 𝑁

om
Ex.
The electric potential V at any point (x,y,z), all in metres in space is given by 𝑽 = 𝟒𝒙𝟐 volt. The electric field at
the point (1,0,2) in volt/meter, is

l.c
a) 8 along negative X-axis
b) 8 along positive X-axis

ai
c) 16 along negative X-axis
d) 16 along positive X-axis

gm
Sol.
𝑉 = 4𝑥 2
Differentiate with respect to x
@
𝑑𝑣
= 4(2𝑥) = 8 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
04

−𝑑𝑣
= −8𝑥
𝑑𝑥
20

𝐸 = −8𝑥
𝐸(1(𝑥), 0(𝑦), 2(𝑧))
= −8(1) = −8 V/m
an

Ex.
aj

The electric potential at a point (x,y,z) is given by 𝑽 = −𝒙𝟐 𝒚 − 𝒙𝒛𝟑 + 𝟒. The electric field at that point is [2009]
a) 𝐸⃗⃗ = 𝑖̂2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑗̂(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) + 𝑘̂ (3𝑥𝑧 − 𝑦 2 )
ah

b) 𝐸⃗⃗ = 𝑖̂𝑧 3 + 𝑗̂𝑥𝑦𝑧 + 𝑘̂ 𝑧 2

c) 𝐸⃗⃗ = 𝑖̂(2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑧 3 ) + 𝑗̂𝑥 𝑦 2 + 𝑘̂ 3𝑧 2 𝑥
m

d) 𝐸⃗⃗ = 𝑖̂(2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧 3 ) + 𝑗̂𝑥 2 + 𝑘̂ 3𝑥𝑧 2

sh

Sol.
𝜕𝑣
= −𝑦(2𝑥) − 23 (1) + 0
ku

𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑣
𝐸𝑥 = − = 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧 3
𝜕𝑥

Ex.
In a certain region of space with volume 0.2 𝒎𝟑 , the electric potential is found to be 5V throughout. The
magnitude of electric field in this region is
a) zero b) 0.5 N/C
c) 1 N/C d) 5 N/C
Sol.
Using the expression:

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𝑑𝑉
𝐸=−
𝑑𝑟
Since the potential 'V' is constant, change in potential 𝑑𝑉 is zero for any displacement 𝑑𝑟.
Hence the electric field will be zero in the region.

om
Equipotential surface and its properties
An equipotential surface is the locus of all points at which the electric potential due to uniform charge distribution

l.c
is same.

ai
gm
If we construct a sphere of radius ‘R’ around a point charge (Q), the electric point at any point on the surface of
@
the sphere is given by
04

1 𝑄
𝑉=
4𝜋𝜀 𝑅
∴ the surface is called equipotential surface
20

Properties of equipotential surface –

an

(1) No work is required in moving a test charge (𝑄0 ) over an equipotential surface
𝑊
𝑉1 − 𝑉2 =
aj

𝑄0
𝑊
𝑉−𝑉 =
ah

𝑄0
𝑊=0
(2) Equipotential surfaces indicate regions of strong and weak electric fields.
m

(3) Electric potential surface and electrical lines of forces constitute a mutually perpendicualr network
sh

(4) No two equipotential surfaces intersect each other.

(5) The surface of a charged conductor whatever be its shape is an equipotential surface.
ku

Ex.
What is the magnitude and direction of electric field if lines showing potential are equidistant and this distance
being to be 10 cm as shown in figure.

Sol.
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𝑑𝑉
𝐸=−
𝑑𝑟
𝑉𝐻𝑖𝑔ℎ − 𝑉𝐿𝑜𝑤
𝐸=
perpendicular distance
𝑉𝐻𝑃 to 𝑉𝐿𝑃

om
𝑦
sin 30° =
10

l.c
⇒ 𝑦 = 10 ∙ sin 30°
1
𝑦 = 10 ×

ai
2
𝑦 = 5 cm
20 − 10

gm
𝐸=
5 × 10−2
10
𝐸= × 102
5
@
𝐸 = 200 𝑉/𝑚
04

Ex.
Identify the correct statements from the given options below.
20
an
aj
ah

(a) 𝐸𝑝 > 𝐸𝑞 ⇒ 𝑉𝐴 > 𝑉𝐵

(b) 𝐸𝑝 < 𝐸𝑄 ⇒ 𝑉𝐴 < 𝑉𝐵
m

(c) 𝐸𝑝 = 𝐸𝑄 ⇒ 𝑉𝐴 > 𝑉𝐵
(d) 𝐸𝑝 < 𝐸𝑄 ⇒ 𝑉𝐴 < 𝑉𝐵
sh

Sol.
𝐸𝑝 > 𝐸𝑞
ku

⇒ 𝑉𝐴 > 𝑉𝐵

Ex.
Identify the correct statements from the given options below.

(a) 𝑉𝐴 > 𝑉𝐵 , 𝐸(𝑃 → 𝑄)

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(b) 𝑉𝐴 > 𝑉𝐵 , 𝐸(𝑄 → 𝑃)

(c) 𝑉𝐴 > 𝑉𝐵 , 𝐸(𝑝 = 𝑄)
(d) 𝑉𝐴 < 𝑉𝐵 , 𝐸(𝑃 → 𝑄)
Sol.
𝑉𝑃 > 𝑉𝑄
𝐸𝑃 > 𝐸𝑄

Ex.
1 C charge is moved along a circular path of radius 1 m, whose centre is 10 C charge. Find the work done to
move this charge along circumference, when it reaches opposite end.
Sol.

om
l.c
ai
gm
𝑊 = 𝑞[𝑉𝑓 − 𝑉𝑖 ]
𝑘 × 10
𝑉𝑖 = = 10𝑘
1
@
𝑘 × 10
𝑉𝑓 = = 10𝑘
1
04

𝑊=0
20

Ex.
The diagram below show regions of equipotential.
an
aj
ah

A positive charge is moved from A to B in each diagram.

(a) In all the four case the work done is the same.
m

(b) minimum work is required to move q in figure (a).

sh

(c) Maximum work is required to move q in figure (b).

(d) Maximum work is required to move q in figure (c).
Sol.
ku

P.d = 30 volt
𝑊
𝑉𝐵 − 𝑉𝐴 = ⇒ 𝑊 = (𝑉𝐵 − 𝑉𝐴 )𝑄
𝑄
∵ potential difference is same
∴ work done in all the cases are same.
𝑊 = 𝑞 ∙ [𝑉𝑓 − 𝑉𝑖 ]
𝑊𝐴 = 𝑞 ∙ [40 − 10] = 30𝑞
𝑊𝐵 = 𝑞[40 − 10] = 30𝑞

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Electric potential due to a dipole:

Let AA’ be the perpendicular from A to PO and BB’ be the perpendicular from B to PO. Since l is very
small compared to r then we can say that

om
l.c
ai
AP ≈ A’P = OP + OA’

gm
= OP + AOcosθ
= r + lcosθ
Similarly
@
BP ≈ B’P = OP – OB’cosθ
04

= r – lcosθ
The potential at point P due to charge +q is
Kq
20

V1 =
BP
Kq
V1 =
an

r – lcosθ
Now
aj

The potential at point P due to charge -q is

−Kq
ah

V2 =
AP
−Kq
V2 =
m

r + lcosθ
The net potential at point P due to dipole is
sh

∴ V = V1 + V2
Kq −Kq
∴V= +
ku

r – lcosθ r + lcosθ
1 1
∴ V = Kq [ − ]
r – lcosθ r + lcosθ
r + lcosθ − r + lcosθ
∴ V = Kq [ ]
r 2 − l2 cos2 θ
Kq2lcosθ
∴V= 2 2 2
r − l cos θ
Since we know that P = q x 2l
KPcosθ
∴V= 2 2 2
r − l cos θ
also

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r >> l and r 2 − l2 cos2 θ ≈ r 2

KPcosθ
∴V=
r2

1) Potential on dipole axis at a distance ‘𝑟’ towards +𝑞 side

Here 𝜃 = 0° ⇒ cos 𝜃 = 1

om
𝑘𝑃
𝑉𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 = 2
𝑟 − ℓ2
𝑘𝑃
For small dipole then 𝑉𝑃 = 𝑟 2

l.c
2) Potential on an axis/line passing through perpendicular bisector of dipole at a distance ‘𝑟’

ai
gm
@
04

𝑃 = 𝑞(2ℓ)
20

Here, 𝜃 = 90°
⇒ cos 𝜃 = cos 90° = 0
an

∴ 𝑉𝑃 = 0

3) Potential on axis of dipole at a distance ‘𝑟’ towards −𝑞 charge

aj
ah
m

𝑃 = 𝑞(2ℓ)
sh

Here 𝜃 = 180°
⇒ cos 𝜃 = cos 180° = −1
−𝑘𝑃
ku

𝑉𝑃 = 2
𝑟 − ℓ2
For small dipole
−𝑘𝑃
𝑉𝑃 = 2
𝑟

Ex.
Two charges –q and +q are located at points (0, 0, –a) and (0, 0, a), respectively. What is the electrostatic
potential at the points (0, 0, z) and (x, y, 0)?
Obtain the dependence of potential on the distance r of a point from the origin when r/a >> 1. How much work
is done in moving a small test charge from the point (5, 0, 0) to (–7, 0, 0) along the x-axis? Does the answer
change if the path of the test charge between the same points is not along the x-axis?

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Sol:
(a) Potential at (0,0,z)
1 𝑃
𝑉=
4𝜋𝜀0 (𝑟 − 𝑎2 )
2

1 𝑞. 2𝑎
𝑉=
4𝜋𝜀0 (𝑧 2 − 𝑎2 )

(b) Potential at (x,y,0) [X.Y plane]

∵ Dipole is perpendicular to XY plane
𝑉=0

om
1 𝑃 cos 𝜃
(c) 𝑉 =
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 2
1
𝑉∝

l.c
𝑟2

ai
𝑊
(d) 𝑉𝐴 − 𝑉𝐵 = 𝑄
𝑊

gm
𝑂=
𝑄
𝑊=0
@
Ex
04

A short electric dipole has moment of 𝟏𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟗 𝑪𝒎. The electric potential due to the dipole at a point at a
distance of 0.6 m from the centre of the dipole, situated on line making an angle of 60° with the dipole axis is
𝟏 𝒎𝟐
20

( = 𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎𝟗 𝑵 )
𝟒𝝅𝜺𝟎 𝑪𝟐
(a) 50 V (b) 200 V
an

(c) 400 V (d) zero

Sol.
1) 𝑃 = 16 × 10−9 𝐶𝑚
aj

2) 𝑟 = 0.6 𝑚
ah

3) 𝜃 = 60°
1 𝑃 cos 𝜃
𝑉=
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 2
m

9 × 109 (16 × 10−9 ) 1

= × 100
sh

0.6 × 0.6 2
𝑉 = 200 𝑉
ku

Ex.
Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion A:
The potential (V) at any axial point, 2 m distance (r) from the centre of the dipole of dipole moment vector ⃗𝑷
⃗⃗ of
−𝟔 𝟑
magnitude, 𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎 𝑪𝒎, is 𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎 𝑽.
𝟏
(𝐓𝐚𝐤𝐞 = 𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎𝟗 𝐒𝐈 𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭)
𝟒𝛑𝛜𝟎

Reason R:
𝟐𝑷
𝑽 = ± 𝟒𝝅𝝐 𝒓𝟐, where r is the distance of any axial point, situated at 2 m from the centre of the dipole.
𝟎

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(1) A is true but R is false.
(2) A is false but R is true.
(3) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(4) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
Sol.
𝑘𝑃 cos 𝜃
𝑉𝑃 =
𝑟2
9 × 109 × 4 × 10
𝑉𝑃 =
22
𝑉𝑃 = 9 × 103 V

om
Potential due to uniform charge distribution on bodies

𝑉 = ∫ 𝑑𝑉

l.c
ai
gm
@
04
20
an
aj
ah
m
sh
ku

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