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Problem Set 12

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23 views2 pages

Problem Set 12

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dileepkumar5000
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Department of Mathematical Sciences

RAJIV GANDHI INSTITUTE OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY, JAIS, U.P.

MA211 / Linear Algebra and Complex Analysis

Week 2, November 2024 Problem Set 12 S.K., P.D. & D.B.

Analytic and harmonic functions


1. Show that the following functions are entire.
a) f (z) = 3x + y + i (3y − x ) b) f (z) = sin x cosh y + i cos x sinh y
c) f (z) = e−y cos x + ie−y sin x d) f (z) = zn , where n is a positive integer.

2. Prove that f (z) = x3 + 3xy2 + i (3x2 y + y3 ) is nowhere analytic.


3. Show that u( x, y) is harmonic in some domain and find a harmonic conjugate v( x, y)
when
a) u( x, y) = 2x − x3 + 3xy2 , b) u( x, y) = sinh x sin y,
y
c) u( x, y) = x 2 + y2
, d) u( x, y) = 2xy.

4. Find all analytic functions of the form f (z) = u(y) + iv( x ), where u and v are real func-
tions.
5. Show that if f (z) is differentiable on a disk and f ′ (z) = 0 on that disk then f (z) is constant
there.
6. Let f (z) be complex function. Is it possible that both f (z) = u( x, y) + iv( x, y) and f¯(z) =
u( x, y) − iv( x, y) are analytic?
7. For which values of the constants a, b and c, the function ϕ( x, y) = ax2 + bxy + cy2 is
harmonic?
8. Does there exist an analytic function f (z) = u( x, y) + iv( x, y) for which v( x, y) = x3 + y3 ?
9. Let u( x, y) be a harmonic function. Show that ϕ( x, y) = u( x, −y) is also harmonic.
10. Check that u( x, y) = x2 − y2 and v( x, y) = x3 − 3xy2 are both harmonic. Verify whether
ϕ( x, y) = u( x, y)v( x, y) is harmonic.
11. Let v be a harmonic conjugate of u. Show that −u is a harmonic conjugate of v.
12. If v is a harmonic conjugate of u, and u is a harmonic conjugate of v then show that u and
v must be constants.
13. Let f (z) be an analytic function in a domain D. If | f (z)| = K for all z ∈ D, where K is a
constant, then show that f (z) is constant on D.
14. Prove or disprove the following.
(a) If f (z) is continuous on a domain D ⊆ C, then there exists a point z0 ∈ D such that
f is differentiable at z0 .
(b) If f (z) and f ′ (z) are analytic on D and f ′′ (z) = 0 for all z ∈ D then f is constant on
D.
(c) If f (z) is differentiable at z0 then g(z) = Re( f (z)) is also differentiable at z0 .
(d) The function u( x, y) = x3 − y3 is harmonic everywhere.
Complex Integration

15. Find the following definite integrals.


Z 1 Z 1
2
a) (3t − i ) dt b) (t + 2i )3 dt
0 0
Z 2
t
Z π/2
c) cosh(it) dt d) dt
0 0 t+i
Z π/4 Z π/2
e) t exp(it) dt f) exp(t + it) dt
0 0
Z ∞
16. Show that e−zt dt = 1/z provided that Re(z) > 0.
0

17. Evaluate the following integrals.


Z 1+ i
a) z2 dz along the line segment from 0 to 1 + i.
0
1
I
b) dz around the circle in positive direction.
|z|=1 z
Z
c) Im(z) dz from −i to i along the following contours.
Γ
(i) The polygonal path Γ with vertices −i, −1 − i, −1 and i.
(ii) The contour Γ that is the left half of the circle |z| = 1.
Z
d) Re(z) dz from −4 to 4 along
Γ
(i) the polygonal path Γ with vertices −4, −4 + 4i, 4 + 4i and 4.
(ii) the contour Γ that is the upper half of the circle |z| = 4.
Z
e) z dz, where Γ is the circle |z| = 4 taken with the counter-clockwise direction.
Γ
Z
f) z dz, where Γ is the circle |z| = 4 taken with the counter-clockwise direction.
Γ

18. For an integer m, and R > 0 show that


(
0, if m ̸= −1
I
(z − z0 )m dz =
|z−z0 |= R 2πi, if m = −1.

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