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Useful C2 Vocab

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Useful C2 Vocab

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rebecagm97
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Useful C2 vocabulary

1. Advanced Connectors

These are invaluable for linking ideas logically and elegantly.

 Addition: furthermore, moreover, in addition, likewise, similarly


 Contrast: nonetheless, nevertheless, notwithstanding, conversely, in contrast
 Cause and Effect: consequently, hence, therefore, thus, as a result
 Condition: provided that, on the condition that, assuming that, given that
 Clarification: in other words, that is to say, to put it differently
 Examples: for instance, to illustrate, specifically, as demonstrated by
 Emphasis: indeed, undoubtedly, without a doubt, in particular, above all
 Concession: although, granted, despite, even so, albeit

2. Precise Verbs and Nouns

Using more precise language elevates communication and allows for specificity.

 Analysis: dissect, scrutinize, evaluate, probe, examine


 Opinion: contend, argue, posit, assert, claim
 Change: alter, transform, modify, adapt, adjust
 Cause: instigate, provoke, prompt, trigger, result in
 Agreement: concur, assent, endorse, sanction, validate
 Disagreement: dispute, refute, contradict, counter, negate
 Description: depict, portray, characterize, illustrate, exemplify
 Reduction: curtail, diminish, mitigate, lessen, alleviate

Nouns:

 Discussion and Analysis: discourse, examination, critique, assessment


 Importance: significance, relevance, value, weight, pertinence
 Opinions and Views: perspective, stance, viewpoint, insight, interpretation
 Problems and Issues: dilemma, obstacle, predicament, challenge, impasse
 Solutions and Outcomes: remedy, resolution, consequence, outcome, result
 Feelings and States: euphoria, apprehension, disillusionment, elation, serenity
3. Idiomatic Expressions

These are great for enhancing fluency and sounding natural.

 To be ahead of the curve – to be more advanced than others


 A blessing in disguise – something that seems bad initially but turns out to be good
 To cut corners – to do something in a cheap or easy way that isn’t always the best
 To go the extra mile – to make a special effort beyond what’s expected
 The ball is in your court – it’s up to you to make the next decision
 To hit the nail on the head – to describe exactly what’s causing a situation or problem
 To keep someone in the loop – to inform someone regularly
 Throw in the towel – to give up

4. Academic and Formal Vocabulary

Especially useful for essays, reports, and debates.

 Expressions of Certainty: incontrovertible, indisputable, irrefutable, unequivocal


 Expressions of Doubt: questionable, dubious, uncertain, ambiguous, tenuous
 Evaluation and Judgment: commendable, exemplary, detrimental, flawed,
substandard
 Complex Processes: synthesis, formulation, integration, differentiation, abstraction
 Abstract Concepts: paradigm, juxtaposition, dichotomy, anomaly, phenomenon
 Describing Change: fluctuation, transition, evolution, metamorphosis, transformation
 Describing Frequency: intermittent, sporadic, infrequent, constant, perpetual

5. Polished Transitional Phrases

These are excellent for structuring arguments and enhancing logical flow.

 Introducing Points: initially, to begin with, first and foremost, fundamentally


 Adding Arguments: in addition to, along with, coupled with, together with, go hand in
hand with
 Contrasting Ideas: notwithstanding, albeit, even though, alternatively
 Expanding Ideas: as well as, in tandem with, alongside, in conjunction with
 Summing Up: in summation, to conclude, ultimately, in essence, all things considered
 Presenting Hypotheticals: hypothetically speaking, for the sake of argument, if we
assume that
 Emphasizing Importance: above all, most importantly, of utmost importance
 Making Comparisons: comparatively, in a similar fashion, in the same vein, likewise

Describing graphs

1. Describing Trends

Use these words to discuss the overall movement or direction of data.

 Increases:
o rise, increase, grow, climb, ascend, go up, soar (for significant increases), surge
o Examples: "The sales figures surged by 25% in Q2."
 Decreases:
o fall, decrease, drop, decline, reduce, descend, go down, plunge (for dramatic
decreases), plummet
o Examples: "The number of participants dropped significantly after the first
month."
 Fluctuations:
o fluctuate, vary, oscillate, seesaw, undulate, ebb and flow
o Examples: "The stock prices oscillated throughout the year."
 Plateaus:
o level off, stabilize, reach a plateau, remain constant
o Examples: "The growth rate leveled off after an initial surge."

2. Comparisons

Helpful for drawing distinctions between data points or groups.

 Comparative Phrases:
o higher than, lower than, as opposed to, in contrast to, relative to, compared to
o Examples: "Revenue was significantly higher in Q3 compared to Q1."
 Superlative Terms:
o the highest, the lowest, the greatest, the smallest, the peak, the trough
o Examples: "April recorded the highest sales figure of the year."
 Descriptive Comparisons:
o twice as much as, half of, threefold increase, four times higher, double, triple
o Examples: "The number of customers doubled from January to March."

3. Describing Amount and Magnitude

Use these to emphasize the scale or size of data changes.

 Significant Changes:
o substantial, considerable, dramatic, marked, notable, sharp, steep
o Examples: "There was a marked increase in user engagement post-campaign."
 Moderate Changes:
o moderate, slight, marginal, gradual
o Examples: "The changes in temperature were moderate throughout the
season."
 Small Changes:
o minimal, negligible, insignificant, marginal
o Examples: "There was only a negligible increase in traffic over the weekend."

4. Stability and Change Over Time

Ideal for describing ongoing or temporary movements in data.

 Stability:
o remain steady, remain stable, no change, maintain, hold steady
o Examples: "The figures held steady throughout the last quarter."
 Gradual Change:
o gradually, steadily, little by little, progressively
o Examples: "The data shows a steady increase in sales over the five-year
period."
 Sudden Change:
o suddenly, abruptly, sharply, rapidly
o Examples: "Profits declined sharply after the product recall."
 Describing Peaks and Lows:
o peak, reach a peak, hit a low, bottom out, reach a high/low point
o Examples: "Sales hit a low in February but peaked again in April."

5. Useful Phrases for Analysis

These phrases can help you construct sentences for graph analysis.
 Identifying Trends:
o "The graph illustrates a general upward/downward trend in..."
o "The data reveals a consistent pattern of..."
o "An observable trend is seen in the increase/decrease of..."
 Highlighting Key Data Points:
o "The highest/lowest point is observed in..."
o "A notable point of interest is..."
o "A significant change occurs between… and…"
 Describing Patterns and Predictions:
o "Based on the current trend, it can be projected that..."
o "This pattern suggests a potential future increase/decrease in..."
o "If the trend continues, it is likely that..."
 Making Comparisons:
o "Compared to the previous year/quarter/month, there is a clear..."
o "In comparison to X, Y shows a more pronounced increase/decrease."
o "When juxtaposed with other data, this trend appears more/less significant."
 Concluding Observations:
o "Overall, the data suggests that..."
o "In summary, the graph depicts a clear trend towards..."
o "In conclusion, we can infer that..."

Example Sentences:

1. "The graph shows a substantial increase in revenue from January to March,


followed by a sharp decline in April."
2. "There was a steady growth in sales over the year, with a noticeable peak in July."
3. "In contrast to the previous quarter, the number of new users surged
dramatically, reaching a peak in Q2."
4. "Although the data fluctuates, there is an overall upward trend in user
engagement."

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