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Solid Waste Management

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9 views32 pages

Solid Waste Management

Uploaded by

nuenarrativesque
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

What is SOLID WASTE?


• The materials generated as waste by residential
areas, hospitals, industries, etc are known as
SOLID WASTE.
• These include trash and garbage (MSW), paper,
fabric, plastics, vegetable matter, hazardous
substances, etc.
• Solid waste creates an unhealthy environment.
KEEPING THE TRASH CANS CLEAN?
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
• Waste management is the collection, transport,
processing, recycling or disposal of waste
materials.
• It can involve solid, liquid, gaseous or
radioactive wastes which will have separate
treatment methods.
CLASSIFICATION OF SOLID WASTES
GARBAGE Produced during the preparation
or storage of meat, fruits,
vegetables, etc

RUBBISH Paper, wood, scrap material,


rubber, leather, metals, glass,
ceramics, etc
PATHOLOGICAL WASTE Dead animals, human wastes, etc

INDUSTRIAL WASTE Chemicals, paints, sand, fly ash,


sludge, metal bits, etc

AGRICULTURAL WASTE Farm animal manure, crop


residue, etc
OBJECTIVES OF WASTE MANAGEMENT
• To minimize the adverse effects caused by solid
wastes

• Once the problem intensifies, it becomes too


difficult to rectify

• To reduce wastes at the source point

• To REDUCE, REUSE and RECYCLE


STAGES IN TREATMENT METHODS
• The various stages involved in solid waste
management are

◦ Collection
◦ Transportation
◦ Sorting
◦ Disposal
COLLECTION
• Waste is collected from storage bins (capacity
100 – 500 litres) which are placed at intervals of
50 – 200m.
• Usually waste is collected daily as organic wastes
tend to decompose.
• Vehicles are used to collect the solid waste and
transport them to the required location.
TRASH CANS AND COLLECTION
TRANSPORTATION
• Various types of vehicles are used for transport
of waste materials.

• There will be collection centres for receiving the


waste from the individual vehicles.

• The waste will then be sorted out and sent to the


disposal site.
TRANSPORTATION
SORTING
• The waste before being taken to the disposal site
must be sorted.

• All those which can be recycled will be sent for


recycling.

• Depending on the type of waste present, they


will be sorted out and sent to the respective
centres for processing or disposal.
DISPOSAL METHODS
• There are many types of disposal methods

◦Open dumping
◦Landfill
◦Composting
◦Incineration
OPEN DUMPING
• Wastes are usually taken to a spot in the
outskirts and dumped in an open area.
• This causes many environmental problems and
health issues.
• Indiscriminate open dumping leads to bad odour
due to the decay of organic matter, air and water
pollution, spreading of infectious diseases, etc.
OPEN DUMPING
LANDFILLS
• MSW is disposed of by dumping or burying the
waste in low lying areas or in structures built on
the ground.
• The waste is usually sorted and pulverized before
being buried.
• The waste is spread and compacted in thin layers
called a cell.
• Each layer of waste is interspersed with a layer
of soil 20 cm thick.
LANDFILLS
• When buried, decomposition of the waste occurs
by aerobic and anaerobic bacteria converting the
wastes into CO2, H2O, CH4, NH3, H2S, energy,
etc.
• These gases escape through a vent provided in
the landfill.
• Decomposition also produces liquid wastes
which can leak into the underground water table
and contaminate it. This is called LEACHING.
• To prevent this, water tight linings are used.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
✓No air pollution
✓No public health problems
✓The area above can be used for other
purposes

x Leaching
x Sites need to be found to be made into
landfills
LANDFILL OPERATION
COMPOSTING
• This involves aerobic decomposition of organic
constituents of wastes under controlled
conditions.
• The organic matter is converted into a solid
compound called compost.
• For successful completion, the water content in
the waste should be around 40 – 60%.
COMPOSTING
• The waste is placed in a trench or in a mound
called the windrows.
• It is stirred regularly to ensure air circulation.
• Bacteria decompose organic matter and liberate
CO2 which raises the temperature of the mixture
to about 45 – 60oC
• When decomposition is over, the temperature
comes down.
COMPOSTING TECHNIQUES
• Buhler Process: The non-composting materials are
separated from the organic matter which is ground
and decomposed in windrows.
• Dano Process: The waste is partially decomposed in
rotating drums called bio-stabilizers. Then windrows
are used.
• Tollemache Process: The waste is pulverized and
decomposed in windrows for 3 weeks.
• Nu-soil Method: Waste is digested in a vertical
digestor which consists of 7 sections. In each section,
the waste is kept for a day. Process is complete in 7
days.
COMPOSTING IN TRENCHES
COMPOSTING
INCINERATION
• It is a process of burning the most combustible
wastes to yield mineralized products.
• Organic and biological materials are combusted
to get CO2 and H2O.
• It causes air pollution because of the generation
of fly ash and other pollutants.
• Air discharge must be controlled to offset the
pollution.
INCINERATION

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