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Logical Fallacies Explanation

Logical

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Ankur Rawat
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6 views2 pages

Logical Fallacies Explanation

Logical

Uploaded by

Ankur Rawat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Logical Fallacies Explanation

1. Equivocation: Using a word with multiple meanings to mislead.

Example: "A feather is light. What is light cannot be dark. Therefore, a feather cannot be dark."

2. Strawman: Misrepresenting someone's argument to make it easier to attack.

Example: "We should invest more in renewable energy." "Oh, so you want us to shut down all power

plants?"

3. Tu Quoque: Avoiding criticism by accusing the accuser of hypocrisy.

Example: "You should stop smoking; it's unhealthy." "But you smoke too!"

4. Definist Fallacy: Defining a term to make your stance seem correct.

Example: "True democracy means only allowing qualified citizens to vote."

5. Nirvana Fallacy: Rejecting a solution because it's not perfect.

Example: "What's the point of using renewable energy? It's not 100% efficient."

6. Red Herring: Diverting attention to an unrelated issue.

Example: "We shouldn't focus on climate change; what about unemployment?"

7. Anecdotal Fallacy: Using personal experience instead of sound evidence.

Example: "My grandpa smoked and lived to 97, so smoking isn't bad."

8. Composition Fallacy: Assuming what's true for parts is true for the whole.

Example: "Each part is lightweight, so the whole machine must be lightweight."


9. Ecological Fallacy: Drawing conclusions about individuals based on group data.

Example: "This neighborhood has a high crime rate, so everyone there must be a criminal."

10. Ludic Fallacy: Applying simplified models to real-life situations.

Example: "If you play chess, you'll be good at real-life strategy."

11. Ad Hominem: Attacking the person instead of their argument.

Example: "You can't be right about economics because you're not an economist."

12. Genetic Fallacy: Judging something based on its origin rather than merit.

Example: "We shouldn't listen to that theory; the scientist worked for the oil industry."

13. Division Fallacy: Assuming what's true for the whole is true for its parts.

Example: "This cake is delicious, so every ingredient must be delicious too."

14. Moralistic Fallacy: Assuming reality matches how it should be.

Example: "People shouldn't be selfish, so it's unnatural for humans to act selfishly."

15. Reification: Treating an abstract concept as a concrete object.

Example: "The law will catch up with him."

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