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Single Processor, Multiprocessor and Cluster Concepts

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Samin Hossain Utsho
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24 views

Single Processor, Multiprocessor and Cluster Concepts

Uploaded by

Samin Hossain Utsho
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer System Architecture

 According to the number of general-purpose processors used, computer systems can be

categorized in three ways-


 Single Processor Systems

 Multiprocessor Systems

 Clustered Systems

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Single Processor Systems

 Single Processor Systems:

• one main CPU capable of executing a general-purpose instruction set, including instructions from

user processes

• use a single general-purpose processor

• have special-purpose processors as well – device controllers, I/O processors

• special-purpose processors run a limited instruction set and do not run user processes

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Multiprocessors Systems
 Multiprocessors Systems:
• growing in use and importance

• also known as parallel systems, tightly-coupled systems

• Advantages include:

 Increased throughput

 Economy of scale

 Increased reliability – graceful degradation or fault tolerance

• Two types:

 Asymmetric Multiprocessing –

 each processor is assigned a specific task

 the master processor schedules and allocates work to the slave processors (master-slave relationship)

 Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP) –

 each processor performs all tasks

 all processors are peers

 UMA and NUMA

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Symmetric Multiprocessing Architecture

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A Dual-Core Design
 A recent trend in CPU design is to include multiple computing cores on a single chip

 On-chip communication is faster than between-chip communication

 One chip with multiple cores uses significantly less power than multiple single-core chips

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Clustered Systems

 Like multiprocessor systems, but multiple systems working together

• Usually sharing storage via a storage-area network (SAN)

 Provides a high-availability service which survives failures

 Asymmetric clustering has one machine in hot-standby mode

 Symmetric clustering has multiple nodes running applications, monitoring each other

• Some clusters are for high-performance computing (HPC)

• Applications must be written to use parallelization

• Some have distributed lock manager (DLM) to avoid conflicting operations

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Clustered Systems (Cont’d)

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Thank You

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