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Solar tracking system

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Solar tracking system

1. PREPARED BY AKHIL.K Electrical and electronics engineering
Roll no: 5 Register no: 13030580 1
2. CONTENT INTRODUCTION WHAT IS SOLAR TRACKERS
NEED OF SOLAR TRACKERS TYPES OF SOLAR TRACKERS
INTERNAL BIOCK DIAGREM WORKING PRINCIPLE HARDWARE
COPONENTS OF SOLAR TRACKER COMPARISON OF STATIONARY
VS TRACKED SOLAR ENERGY ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
CONCLUTION REFERENCE 2
3. INTRODUCTION Renewable energy solutions are becoming
popular. Maximizing output from solar system increases
e!iciency. Presently solar panels are of fixed type which lower
the e!iciency. Maintaining vertical direction between light and
panel maximizes e!iciency. Solar tracking system has 35%
higher generating power than fixed. Solar tracking system
based on PLC can adjust automatically orientation of panel 3
4. WHAT IS SOLAR TRACKER? A Solar tracker is a device used for
orienting a solar photovoltaic panel or lens towards the sun by
using the solar or light sensors connected with the machine ( ex:
stepper motor, servo motor, gas filled piston ). 4Fig:1
5. NEED OF SOLAR TRACKER Increase Solar Panel Output
Max.e!icency of the panel Maximize Power per unit Area Able
to grab the energy through out the day 5Fig:2
6. TYPES OF SOLAR TRACKERS Single axis trackers Single axis
solar trackers can either have a horizontal or a vertical axle.
6Fig:3 Fig:4
7. Dual Axis Trackers Double axis solar trackers have both a
horizontal and vertical axis It can track the Sun's apparent
motion exactly anywhere in the world. 7 Fig:5
8. OVERVIEW OF PRESENT TRACKER DRIVE TYPES 8Fig:6
9. 1. PASSIVE (GAS) TRACKERS Passive trackers use a
compressed gas fluid in two canisters . The mechanism is in
such a way that if one side cylinder is heated other side piston
rises causing the panel to tilt over the sunny side. 9Fig:7
10. 2. ACTIVE TRACKERS Fig:8 10 measure the light intensity
from the sun by using light sensors And determine where the
solar modules should be pointing
11. 3. OPEN LOOP SOLAR TRACKERS Open loop trackers
determine the position of the sun using computer controlled
algorithms or simple timing systems. 1. Timed Trackers A timer is
used to move the tracker across the sky. 2. Altitude / Azimuth
Trackers It uses the astronomical data or sun position algorithms
to determine the position of sun for any given time and location
by using PLC 11 Fig:9
12. BLOCK DIAGRAM 12 Fig:10
13. WORKING PRINCIPLE Auto-tracking control system
composed of PLC, sensors, signal processing units, PV cells,
electromagnetic and mechanical motion control modules and
power supply systems. Panel detects the sun light strength to
sensors The sensors output is given to the PLC which compares
it and produces an equivalent output so as to rotate the motor
and align the panel in the direction of sun 13
14. HARDWARE COMPONENTS SOLAR PANEL LDR SENSORS
STEPPER MOTOR RELAY PLC 14
15. SOLAR PANEL Its made up of a number of solar cells
connected in series internally Convert solar energy to
electricity. Based on photo voltaic e!ect. Photo voltaic e!ect
produces a change in electrical characteristics when light is
incident upon it. 15 Fig:11
16. LDR SENSORS A high resistance semiconductor whose
resistance decreases with increasing incident light intensity.
When light falls on such a semiconductor, the valence electrons
receive the light energy incident and jump to the conduction
band. The conductivity of the device increases, decreasing its
resistivity. 16 Fig:12
17. STEPPER MOTOR Its an electromechanical device which
converts digital pulse inputs to incremental sha" rotation. Used
for precision positioning control applications. Its controlled by
a series of electromagnetic coils. 17 Fig:13 Fig:14 Fig:15
18. RELAY Its an electrically operated switch used for switching
of large currents. Uses an electromagnet to operate a switching
mechanism mechanically 18Fig:16 Fig:17
19. PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER(PLC) 19 Fig:18
20. C0MPARISON OF SOLAR ENERGY 20 Fig:19
21. ADVANTAGES Simple Low cost Eco-Friendly We can
monitor directly using PC Tracking accuracy is more Reduce
the usage of power from power grid 21
22. DISADVANTAGES Solar electricity is not available at night
and is less available in cloudy weather conditions. Therefore, a
storage or complimentary power system is required. Limited
power density. Solar cells produce DC which must be converted
to AC when used in currently existing distribution grids 22
23. CONCLUSION The invention of Solar Tracking System
helps us improve the performance of PV solar system in a simple
way Used relative method of sunlight strength. Established a
model of automatic tracking system to keep vertical contact
between solar panels and sunlight. Improved the utilization
rate of solar energy and e!iciency of photovoltaic power
generation system. 23
24. REFERENCE http://www.alltronics.com/stpper
_motor.html http://fsae.mae.cornell.edu/
http://www.optimum-tracker.com/solartrackers/ 24
25. 25
26. 26

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