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Solar Tracking System

The document is a physics project by Shail Patel on a Solar Tracking System, detailing its components, working mechanism, and applications. It includes acknowledgments, a table of contents, and sections on the project's aim, procedure, advantages, and bibliography. The project aims to maximize solar energy absorption by adjusting the position of solar panels to face the sun continuously.

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shailpatel2323
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2 views22 pages

Solar Tracking System

The document is a physics project by Shail Patel on a Solar Tracking System, detailing its components, working mechanism, and applications. It includes acknowledgments, a table of contents, and sections on the project's aim, procedure, advantages, and bibliography. The project aims to maximize solar energy absorption by adjusting the position of solar panels to face the sun continuously.

Uploaded by

shailpatel2323
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

VRAJBHOOMI

INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
PHYSICS PROJECT

TOPIC : SOLAR TRACKING


SYSTEM

NAME : SHAIL PATEL


CLASS : 12th SCIENCE
YEAR : 2024-25
ROLL NO. :
1|Page
This is to certify that SHAIL PATEL of class
12-Science, has successfully submitted his
project work on Solar Tracking System as a
part Physics Project for the year 2024-25.

Teacher’s Sign Examiner’s Sign

Principal’s Sign School Stamp

2|Page
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to express my deep gratitude and sincere
thanks to the worthy principal Mrs. Bindu Bhatt
for her encouragement and for all the facilities
that she has provided for project work.

I extend my hearty thanks to my Physics teacher


Mr. Badal Makwan who guided me to the
successful completion of this project. I take this
opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude
for his valuable guidance, constant
encouragement, immense motivation which has
sustained my efforts at all stages of this project.

I would also like to thank our Laboratory


Assistant Mr. Dharmesh Sharma who helped us
with various instruments in the laboratory.

I cannot forget to offer my sincere thanks to my


parents and classmates who helped me for the
advice and support that I received from time to
time.

SHAIL PATEL, XII SCIENCE

3|Page
TABLE Of CONTENTS

Sr.no Topic Pg.no


1. Introduction 5
2. Aim 6
3. Working 7
4. Circuit 8
5. Apparatus 9
6. Procedure 14
7. Applications 16
8. Advantages 19
9. Bibliography 22

4|Page
INTRODUCTION
A solar tracking system is a specific device intended to
move the Photovoltaic (PV) modules or Solar Panels in
such a way that they continuously face the sun with the
aim of maximizing the irradiation received by the PV
array. A solar tracking system is composed of three well-
differentiated components: the mechanism, the driving
motors, and the tracking controller.

PV solar trackers adjust the direction that a solar panel


is facing according to the position of the Sun in the sky.
By keeping the panel perpendicular to the Sun, more
sunlight strikes the solar panel, less light is reflected,
and more energy is absorbed. That energy can
be converted into power.

In 1975, one of the first automatic solar tracking systems


was presented by McFee, in which an algorithm was
developed to compute total received power and flux
density distribution in a central receiver solar power
system. Several years later, Semma and Imamru used a
simple microprocessor to adaptively adjust the positions
of the solar collectors in a photovoltaic concentrator such
that they always pointed toward the sun.

5|Page
AIM
• To display the working of
Single-Axis solar tracking
system that tracks the
position of the light source
to position the solar panels
for maximum output.

6|Page
Working
A single-axis tracker rotates along one
horizontal or vertical axis. The most common
configuration is a horizontal axis that runs
from east to west, allowing the panels to tilt
throughout the day. The solar panels are
mounted on a frame that can pivot along this
axis.

The light sensors are positioned on the


tracker and measure the intensity of sunlight
hitting them. Typically, there are two sensors
placed at different positions along the axis.
When one sensor detects more sunlight than
the other, the control system determines that
the panel needs to rotate toward the brighter
sensor.

The motor receives signals from the control


system and adjusts the angle of the panels to
ensure they are perpendicular to the sun’s
rays. This adjustment occurs continuously
throughout the day as the sun moves.

7|Page
CIRCUIT

8|Page
APPARATUS
1.Arduino UNO board

2.Solar Panel

9|Page
3.Servo Motor

4.LDR Sensors

10 | P a g e
5.10K Resistors

6. Jumper Wires

11 | P a g e
7.Cardboard/Rigifoam

8.Wires

12 | P a g e
9. Thermocol Sheet

13 | P a g e
PROCEDURE
1. Take the Cardboard/Thermocol cutout of
the dimensions 5in x 8in and two pieces of the
dimensions 2.5cm x 7in to stick them to the
base of the project.

2. Attach the servo motor to one of the pieces.

3. Attach two pieces of rigifoam to the edges


of the solar panel. After, attach the iron stick
to one side of the solar panel.

4. Now, attach edge with rigifoam directly to


the servo motor and other side with iron stick
to rigifoam piece through a hollow cylindrical
plastic structure.

5. Solder and connect all the components as


per the circuit diagram.

6. Attach LDR sensors to the both sides of


the solar panels.
14 | P a g e
7. Next, mount the Arduino board and
connect the LDR sensors and servo motor to
it.

8. Now, connect this project to your computer


and upload the required program in Arduino
IDE.

15 | P a g e
APPLICATIONS
1. Residential Solar Power:
Solar tracking systems
increase the efficiency of
home solar panels, helping
households generate more
energy and reduce electricity
bills.
2. Commercial and Industrial
Energy Production:
Businesses and factories use
solar tracking systems to
maximize energy output,
lowering operational costs
and supporting
sustainability goals.

16 | P a g e
3. Agricultural Applications:
Solar trackers power
irrigation systems,
greenhouse heating, and
other agricultural operations
by optimizing energy
production in rural areas.

4. Utility-Scale Solar Farms:


Large-scale solar farms use
tracking systems to increase
energy yield, making
renewable energy projects
more cost-effective and
efficient.

17 | P a g e
5. Remote and Off-Grid
Solutions: Solar trackers
enhance energy generation for
off-grid systems in remote
areas, supporting applications
like telecommunications
towers, rural electrification,
and emergency power
supplies.

18 | P a g e
ADVANTAGES
1. Increased Energy
Efficiency: Solar tracking
systems maximize energy
output by keeping solar panels
aligned with the sun's position
throughout the day.

2. Improved ROI(Return On
Investment): The higher
energy production achieved
with trackers results in faster
recovery of installation costs
compared to fixed systems.

19 | P a g e
3. Optimized Land Use: By
increasing the energy
generated per panel, solar
trackers reduce the amount of
land required for the same
output, making them ideal for
space-constrained
applications.

4. Enhanced Performance in
Low-Light Conditions: Solar
tracking systems capture
more sunlight during early
morning and late evening
hours, improving energy
generation throughout the
day.
20 | P a g e
5. Versatility Across
Applications: They can be
used in various environments,
including residential,
commercial, and utility-scale
projects, to meet diverse
energy needs efficiently.

21 | P a g e
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• NCERT Textbook class 12 Physics
Part-I.
• NCERT Textbook class 12 Physics
Part-II.
• Oxford Languages.
• https://bit.ly/3sK8G0H - Project
Structure.
• https://www.britannica.com/techn
ology/solar-tracker - Introduction.

22 | P a g e

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