PBD

CHAPTER 3 Name: _________________________________

THE MOLE CONCEPT, Class: _________________________________
CHEMICAL FORMULA AND EQUATION

1. State the meaning of

𝟏
a) Relative atomic mass: The average mass of one atom of the element when compared with of the mass
𝟏𝟐
of a carbon-12 atom
𝟏
b) Relative molecular mass: The average mass of one molecules of the substances when compared with of
𝟏𝟐
the mass of a carbon-12 atom

2. Aspartame is an artificial sweetener that is 160 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar) when dissolved in
water. It is marketed as NutraSweet. The molecular formula for aspartame is C 14 H 18 N 2 O 5
[Relative atomic mass: H=1, C=12, N=14, O=16; Avogadro’s number = 6.02 x 10 23 ]

a) Calculate the molar mass of aspartame. b) How many moles of atoms are present in 10.0 g of
aspartame?
Molar mass = 14 x12 + 18 + 2 x 14 + 16 x 5
Mol = 10 /294
= 294 gmol -1 = 0.034

Number of moles of atom = 0.034 x 39

= 1.326 mol
c) How many atoms of nitrogen are in 1.2 g of d) What is the mass in grams of 1.0 x 10 9 molecules
aspartame? of aspartame?
Number of mole =1.2/294= 4.08x10-3
Number of mole
Number of molecules= 4.08x10-3 x 6.02x1023
= 2.457x10 21 = 1.0 x 10 9 / 6.02x10 23
= 1.66 x 10 -15
Number of nitrogen atoms = 2.457x10 21 x 2
= 4.91 x 10 21 Mass = 1.66 x 10-15 x 294
= 4.88x10-13 g

3. a) What is the mass of oxygen gas, O2 that has the same number of molecules as in the 8 g sulphur trioxide gas,
SO3? [Relative atomic mass: O=16, S = 32; ; Avogadro’s number = 6.02 x 10 23 ]
Same number of molecules = same no of mol
Mol of SO3 = 8 / 80 mol of O2 = 0.1 mass of O2 = 0.1 x 32
= 0.1 = 3.2 g
3
b) A sample of methane gas, CH4 occupies a volume of 9.84 dm at room temperature. How many molecules
are found in that sample? [ Avogadro’s number = 6.02 x 10 23, molar volume = 24dm3mol-1]
Mol CH4 = 9.84 / 24 No of molecules = 0.41 x 6.02 x 10 23
= 0.41 = 2.4682 x 10 23

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4. Figure 1 shows the set-up of apparatus for two different experiments to determine the empirical formula for
K metal oxide and L metal oxide.

Figure 1

a) Suggest a suitable metal for metal K and metal L.

K: _____copper___________________________ L: _________magnesium ______________________
b) Explain your answer in (a) based on the properties of metal reactivity.
__ copper is less reactive than hydrogen. Magnesium is more reactive ___________________________

c) How to ensure the reaction in both experiment is complete?

Heating, cooling and weighing are repeated until constant mass is obtained .

d) In experiment I,
i) Describe how hydrogen gas can be obtained.

Reaction between ___zinc___________ and ____hydrochloric acid__________ produce hydrogen gas.

ii) Write the chemical equation involved in (d) (i). __Zn + 2 HCl → ZnCl2 + H2________

e) In experiment II, the result obtained as follows:

Crucible + lid 31.45 g
Crucible + lid + L metal 31.62 g Calculate the empirical formula for L oxide.
Crucible + lid + L after heating 31.70 g [relative atomic mass for L, 24: O,16]

L O
Mass(g) 31.62 – 31.45 = 0.17 31.70 – 31.62 = 0.08
mol 0.17 / 24 = 0.0071 0.08 / 16 = 0.005
Ratio 0.0071 / 0.005 = 1.42 0.005 / 0.005 =1
Simplest ratio 1 1
Empirical formula = LO

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5. Table 1 shows formula of several ions.
Ion name Silver ion Zinc ion Nitrate ion Chloride ion
Formula of ion Ag+ Zn2+ NO3- Cl -
Table 1

a) Write the formula for

i) Zinc chloride ______ZnCl2_________ ii) zinc nitrate _____ Zn(NO3)2_______________________
b) When silver nitrate solution is added to zinc chloride solution, a white precipitate silver chloride and zinc
chloride solution produced.
i) Name the reactant ____ silver nitrate and zinc chloride ______________________________
ii) Name the product ___ silver chloride and zinc nitrate ______________________________
iii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction take place. _2AgNO3 + ZnCl2 → Zn(NO3)2 + 2AgCl __

c) Silver nitrate decomposed when it is strongly heated according to equation below

2AgNO3 → 2Ag + 2NO2 + O2
i) State two information from the above equation.
• 2 mol silver nitrate decompose to produce 2 mol silver, 2 mol nitrogen dioxide and 1 mol oxygen
• reactant is silver nitrate . Product are silver , nitrogen dioxide and oxygen

ii) When 1 mol of silver nitrate is heated, calculate number of mole of silver and number of
mole of oxygen gas produced.

From eq, 2 mol AgNO3 produce 2 mol silver and 1 mole oxygen
Mol of silver = 1 mol mol of oxygen = 0.5 mol

6. The following equation is not balanced Na2SO4 + BaCl2 → BaSO4 + NaCl

a) Write the balanced equation. __ Na2SO4 + BaCl2 → BaSO4 + 2NaCl _______________

b) Calculate
i) the number of mole of sodium sulphate that react completely with a solution containing 4.16 g of
barium chloride. [ Relative atomic mass : Cl = 35.5; Ba = 137 ]

Mol BaCl2 = 4.16 / 208 from eq,

= 0.02 1 mol BaCl2 react 1 mol Na2SO4
Mol of Na2SO4 = 0.02
ii) the mass of barium sulphate formed when 1 mol of sodium sulphate is reacted completely with
barium chloride. [ Relative atomic mass : O = 16; S = 32; Ba = 137 ]

From eq, 1 mol Na2SO4 produce 1 mol BaSO4 mass of BaSO4 = 1 x (137+32+64)

Mol of BaSO4 = 1 mol = 233 g

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7. When copper (II) carbonate is heated, the gas released turns the lime water chalky. What is the
volume of gas released when 0.62g of copper (II) carbonate is heated at room conditions?
[relative atomic mass, Cu = 64,O = 16, C =12, Molar volume at room temperature = 24 dm3mol-1]

CuCO3 → CuO + CO2 From eq, Volume of CO2 = 0.005 x 24

Mole CuCO3 = 0.62 /124 1 mol CuCO3 produce 1 mol CO2 = 0.12 dm3

= 0.005 mol of CO2 = 0.005

8. Potassium burn completely in oxygen to produce potassium oxide. What is the mass of potassium
needed to produce 23.5g of potassium oxide? [relative atomic mass, K = 39, O = 16]

4 K + O2 → 2K2O From eq, Mass of K = 0.25 x 39

Mole K2O = 23.5 /94 4 mol K produce 2 mol K2O = 19.5 g

= 0.25 mol of K = 0.25 X 4 / 2

= 0.5

9. 45.0 g of copper (II) oxide is heated strongly with 2.4g of carbon to produce copper and
carbon dioxide. Calculate the mass of copper (II) oxide left. [relative atomic mass, Cu = 64, O = 16]

2 CuO + C → 2 Cu + CO2 From eq, mass of CuO = 0.4 x 80

mole C = 2.4 / 12 2 mol CuO react 1 mol C = 32g

= 0.2 mol of CuO = 0.2 x 2 = 0.4 mass of CuO (left) = 45 g – 32g

= 7g

10. 1.2 g of element X react completely with 0.8 g element Y to form a compound with the formula XY.
What is the relative atomic mass of element X? [relative atomic mass; O = 16]

Mol X = 1.2 / x Ratio XY = 1:1 1.2 / x = 0.05

Mol Y = 0.8 / 16 x = 24 gmol-1
= 0.05 relative atomic mass = 24

11. Photosynthesis need use carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen gas.
What is the volume of oxygen gas produced if 1.3 dm3 of carbon dioxide gas is used?
[Molar volume at room temperature = 24 dm3mol-1]

6CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2

Mol CO2 = 1.3 / 24 From eq, 6 mol CO2 produce 6 O2 volume of O2 = 0.0541 x 24
= 0.0541 mol of O2 = 0.0541 = 1.3 dm3