Unit 1-Calculations and Equations

17 Calcium reacts with dilute nitric acid to form calcium nitrate and hydrogen. Which is the balanced
equation for this reaction? (WCH11/01 2019 Jan)

A Ca + 2HNO3 o Ca(NO3)2 + H2

B Ca + H2NO3 o CaNO3 + H2

C Ca + 2H2NO3 o Ca(NO3)2 + 2H2

D 2Ca + 2HNO3 o 2CaNO3 + H2

18 What mass of anhydrous sodium carbonate is needed to make 50.0 cm3 of a 0.0800 mol dm−3
solution of sodium carbonate, Na2CO3? [Ar values: C = 12.0, O = 16.0, Na = 23.0]
(WCH11/01 2019 Jan)

A 0.332 g

B 0.424 g

C 5.30 g

D 8.48 g

19 A sample of air, with a mass of 5.0 kg, contained carbon monoxide with a concentration of 12
parts per million by mass. What is the mass of carbon monoxide in this sample of air?
(WCH11/01 2019 Jan)

A 6.0 × 10−2 g

B 6.0 × 10−5 g

C 2.4 × 10−6 g

D 2.4 × 10−9 g

20 What is the maximum volume of hydrogen formed, at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.),
when 0.207 g of lithium is added to excess water? (WCH11/01 2019 Jan)

2Li(s) + 2H2O(l) o 2LiOH(aq) + H2(g)

[Ar Li = 6.9 Molar volume of gas at r.t.p. = 24.0 dm3 mol−1]

A 0.36 dm3

B 0.72 dm3

C 1.44 dm3

D 2.48 dm3

(ii) Calculate the number of nitrogen atoms in 5.60 g of nitrogen gas.

[Avogadro constant = 6.02 × 1023 mol−1] (WCH11/01 2019 Jan)
Unit 1-Calculations and Equations

(iii) A sample of nitrogen gas occupied 108 cm3 at a temperature of 25 °C and a pressure of 1.36 ×
105 Pa.
Using the ideal gas equation, calculate the number of moles of nitrogen gas in this sample.

[pV = nRT R = 8.31 J mol−1 K−1] (WCH11/01 2019 Jan)

(b) A sample of a compound is analysed and found to contain only 3.09 g carbon,
0.26 g hydrogen and 9.15 g chlorine.
The molar mass of the compound is 97.0 g mol−1.

Calculate the molecular formula of this compound. You must show your working. (WCH11/01 2019
Jan).

1 Which statement is not true for sodium chloride? (WCH11/01 2019 June).

A) sodium chloride conducts electricity in aqueous solution

B) sodium chloride conducts electricity when molten

C) sodium chloride has a molecular structure

D) sodium chloride has a giant structure

6 In 1.31 g of a chloride of titanium, there is 0.528 g of titanium.

What is the empirical formula of this titanium chloride? (WCH11/01 2019 June).

[ Ar values: Ti = 47.9 Cl = 35.5 ]

A) TiCl

B) TiCl2

C) TiCl3

D) Ti2Cl4
Unit 1-Calculations and Equations

21 Magnesium carbonate powder reacts with hydrochloric acid. (WCH11/01 2019 June).

(a) Complete the equation for this reaction by adding state symbols.

(1) MgCO3(................) + 2HCl(................) o MgCl2(................) + H2O(................) + CO2(................)

(b) A student carried out an investigation to determine the molar volume of carbon dioxide using
this apparatus.

The student carried out five experiments, adding a different mass of magnesium carbonate each
time.

The results are shown in the table.

Mass of Volume of gas

magnesium carbonat collected / cm3
e/g
0.05 11

0.10 27

0.15 38
0.20 54

0.25 63
Unit 1-Calculations and Equations
(i) Plot a graph of these results.

(ii) A student carried out a further experiment using a different mass of magnesium carbonate.

Give the volume of gas collected using the inverted measuring cylinder.

(iii) Determine the mass of magnesium carbonate added in the experiment in (b)(ii), using your
graph.

(iv) Calculate the molar volume of carbon dioxide using your answers to parts (b)(ii) and (b)(iii).
Give your value to an appropriate number of significant figures and include units.
[ Ar values: Mg = 24.3 C = 12.0 O = 16.0 ]
Unit 1-Calculations and Equations

(v) The acid must be in excess for each experiment.

Calculate the minimum concentration of hydrochloric acid needed for 30 cm3 of acid to completely
react with 0.25 g of magnesium carbonate. (WCH11/01 2019 Jan)

MgCO3 + 2HCl + MgCl2 + H2O + CO2

(b) A passenger airbag requires 120 dm3 of gas to fill it.

Calculate, using the ideal gas equation, the mass of sodium azide required to fill a passenger airbag
in this reaction under standard conditions (101 000 Pa, 25°C).
Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures. (WCH11/01 2019 Jan)

[ pV = nRT R = 8.31 J K−1 mol−1 ]

(a) Write an equation for the decomposition of sodium azide. State symbols are not required.
(WCH11/01 2019 Jan)

(c) Two further reactions take place in the airbag.

Reaction A 10Na + 2KNO3 o K2O + 5Na2O + N2

Reaction B K2O + Na2O + SiO2 o Na2K2SiO4

(i) Reaction A produces more nitrogen to inflate the airbag. Calculate the atom economy, by mass,
for the production of nitrogen in reaction A. Give your answer to an appropriate number of
significant figures. (WCH11/01 2019 Jan)
Unit 1-Calculations and Equations

2 The concentration of potassium ions in human blood is in the range

3.5×10–3 to 5.0×10–3moldm–3.
An average person has 5dm3 of blood.
What is the minimum mass of potassium ions in the blood of an average person?

[Molar mass of potassium = 39.1gmol–1]

A 0.137 g

B 0.684 g

C 0.978 g

D 684.0 g

3 What is the number of atoms present in 3.06dm3 of carbon dioxide, at 373 K?

[Molar volume of a gas at 373 K is 30.6dm3 mol–1, Avogadro constant = 6.0×1023mol–1]

A 1.8×1022

B 6.0×1022

C 1.8×1023

D 6.0×1023

4 A sample of seawater contains 3.54% sodium chloride by mass.

What is the concentration of sodium chloride in parts per million?

A 3.54×10–6

B 3.54×10–4

C 3.54×104

D 3.54×106

(ii) A stick weighing 20.0gcontains 95% silver nitrate by mass.

Calculate the number of moles of silver nitrate in the stick.

[molar mass of silver nitrate = 169.9gmol–1]

2 For safety reasons, the concentration of lead in paint should not exceed 600 parts per million
(ppm) by mass.
Therefore, the mass of lead in one kilogram of paint should not exceed

A 0.06g

B 0.60g

C 6.0g

D 60g
Unit 1-Calculations and Equations

3) The solution containing the greatest number of chloride ions is

A 10cm3 of 1.00 × 10−2 mol dm−3 AlCl3

B 20cm3 of 1.50 × 10−2 mol dm−3 MgCl2

C 30cm3 of 1.50 × 10−2 mol dm−3 HCl

D 10cm3 of 2.50 × 10−2 mol dm−3 CaCl2

5) 10cm3 of a 1.00 × 10−2 mol dm−3 solution needs to be diluted to make the concentration 5.00 ×
10−4 mol dm−3.
What volume of water, in cm3 , should be added?

A 20

B 40

C 190

D 200

6) The Avogadro constant is 6.0 × 1023 mol−1.

The number of atoms in 15g of nitrogen monoxide, NO, is

A 3.0 × 1023

B 6.0 × 1023

C 2.4 × 1024

D 9.0 × 1024

12) Phosphoric(V) acid, H3PO4, can be made from phosphorus in two stages.

P4 + 5O2 → P4O10

P4O10 + 6H2O → 4H3PO4

Data Formula

Formula P4 O2 P4O10 H2O H3PO4

Molar mass/gmol–1 124 32 284 18 98

The percentage atom economy, by mass, for the production of phosphoric(V) acid from phosphorus
is

A 58.0

B 69.0

C 72.4

D 100
Unit 1-Calculations and Equations

13) This question is about the reaction of nickel(II) carbonate and hydrochloric acid.

NiCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → NiCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

(a) The ionic equation for this reaction is

A NiCO3(s) + 2H+ (aq) → Ni2+(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

B Ni2+(s) + 2Cl − (aq) → NiCl2(aq)

C Ni2+(s) + 2HCl(aq) → NiCl2(aq) + 2H+ (aq)

D NiCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → Ni2+(aq) + 2Cl − (aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

(b) Excess hydrochloric acid reacts with 0.20mol of nickel(II) carbonate.

What is the volume, in dm3 , of gas produced at room temperature and pressure?
(1mol of any gas occupies 24dm3 at room temperature and pressure)

A 1.2

B 2.4

C 4.8

D 9.6

(c) What is the minimum volume of hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 4.0moldm–3 that
reacts with 0.20mol of nickel carbonate?

A 20cm3

B 50cm3

C 100cm3

D 200cm3

15) Hydrogen is manufactured using the reaction

CH4 + H2O → CO + 3H2

The percentage yield of hydrogen in this process is 90%.

The mass of hydrogen, in tonnes, which can be produced from 160 tonnes of methane is

A 27

B 54

C 60

D 67
Unit 1-Calculations and Equations