TEACHER’S HANDBOOK

On
New Trends in
English Grammar
and
Composition
9 &10

LATEST EDITION

With Teaching Aids and Complete Solutions

of Textual Exercises
JU21
 TEACHER’S HANDBOOK–9 &10

Introduction
There is no denying the fact that English is one of the most popular languages of
the world today. Globalization has razed down the linguistic barriers of the world and
it would not be an exaggeration to say that English language has helped in bringing the
people together. In developing countries, the people find English as a window, nay, a door
to enter the brave new world. It is also universally acknowledged that English today has
adapted itself to its new roles and functions. In India also, English has come out from
the British or imperial closets and is dominating the dining tables and drawing rooms of
most of the houses. The School Education Boards have tried their best to make English
relevant to the domestic, scholastic, industrial and corporate needs of India.
New Trends in English Grammar and Composition series has been designed
to cater to the needs of the modern learners. The main purpose of this series is to lead
these young learners to the threshold of understanding English without any stress. It is
learner-centred and scientifically graded. It contains a rich variety of interesting and in-
formative, thematic and linguistic material.

TO THE TEACHER
It is a good strategy to start with the basics of language — from letter to word to
sentence to paragraph to a well-knit composition.
The teacher must ensure that each of the learners knows how to write the English
alphabet clearly, and knows (may be at a later stage) when and where to use capital and
small letters.
Words are composed of letters. In English, they are divided into eight parts, often
called Parts of Speech.

Parts of Speech

Noun Pronoun Adjective Verb Adverb Preposition Conjunction Interjection

1. Nouns : The teacher gives examples of nouns from the classroom itself. He/She
then moves on to the familiar surroundings, home, school, nature, etc. for more examples.
Abstract nouns should be taken at a later stage.
Focus : The focus should be on the­se of noun as Subject and Object in the sentence.
Important Points
• The key word in a group of nouns, e.g. in ‘The quality of mangoes’, ‘quality’ is the
key word/noun which will determine the form of the verb to follow.
• Number, Gender and Possessives of Nouns should be made familiar in contexts.

[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [3]

 2. Pronouns : The teacher should make it clear that the repetition of nouns can be
avoided with the use of appropriate pronouns. If we continue to repeat nouns, it becomes
quite irritating, e.g.,
• Ramesh is happy. Ramesh is excited. Ramesh wants to meet his uncle.
Focus : The focus should be on the use of pronoun as Subject and Object in the sen-
tence.
Important Points :
• Make it clear that my, our, your, his, her, their, its, followed by nouns, are not
possessive pronouns but possessive adjectives.
• Take up the use of Relative and Reflexive Pronouns at a later stage, and give very
simple examples to make them understood.
3. Adjectives : The teacher should find no difficulty in teaching about this part of
speech. The examples should be taken from day-to-day life.
Focus : The placement of adjectives in the sentence should be made clear.
Important Points :
• The students may find it difficult to use the appropriate degrees of comparison of
adjectives.
• Make the students clear about the use of some adjectives as nouns, e.g. the rich,
the poor, the needy, the wicked.
4. Verbs : This part of the grammar is very long and elaborate. The teacher should
move from individual words that act as verbs, to different parts of verbs, to tenses, etc.
Focus : It should be on the use of various forms of verbs.
Important Points :
• An intensive drill in the learning of various forms of verbs — Present, Past, Past
Participle and Present Participle — is needed.
• Each tense form needs elaborate practice on the part of the learner. The teacher
ought to spend sufficient time on the use of the Present Simple Tense. He should
not rush through it.
• Make clear the difference in the use of Present Simple Tense and Present Contin-
uous Tense, Past Simple Tense and Present Perfect Tense, etc.
5. Adverbs : The teacher needs to connect adverbs with verbs, adjectives, etc. He
should explain the use of different types of adverbs.
Focus : It should be on the placement of adverbs.
Important Points :
• The teacher ought to make clear the order of adverbs to be used in case there are
two or more adverbs in a sentence.

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 6. Prepositions : The teacher should make the learner understand the function of
preposition. For instance, he should explain that in the following examples, the words in,
on, by and off are adverbs, not prepositions.
(i) My I come in, sir ?
(ii) He moved on.
(iii) The soldiers passed by.
(iv) The wheel came off.
Focus : The use of suitable Preposition in the context should be emphasised
Importance Points :
• Make it clear to the learners that there is no formula in the use of prepositions.
Each word and each context needs its own preposition.
• The learner should be warned against mixing the use of prepositions in English
with the use of equivalents in their mother tongue, by giving such examples as :
(i) He writes in ink. (not with)
(ii) It is six o’clock by my watch. (not on)
7. Conjunctions : These are words which link different words, phrases, clauses and
sentences.
Focus : It should be on the use of conjunctions to combine two or more sentences.
8. Interjections : These words express different emotions.
Focus : The emphasis should be on the use of each interjection in its proper context.
Tenses :
Speaking and writing correct English is based on the correct use of tenses. The teach-
er should not only teach tenses but also demonstrate the difference between different
tenses. Conditions for using different tenses should be made clear. Take these examples :
Science gave us many amenities of life. (Incorrect)
Science has given us many amenities of life. (Correct)
It is raining heavily in July and August. (Incorrect)
It rains heavily in July and August. (Correct)
Sentence Structure :
A Simple Sentence is one which has one Subject and one Predicate and, therefore, only
one Finite verb : They weep. / She sleeps. / Cuckoo sings.
Verb and Object : Sometimes the Predicate consists of a verb only : Sonia laughed./
Snow fell. In each sentence the verb is Intransitive.
But if the verb is Transitive, then the verb and its object together make up the Pred-
icate, as is shown below :

[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [5]

 PREDICATE
Subject Finite verb Object

She takes milk.

He is reading a book.
Ankita has purchased a purse
Bees gather honey.

The Participle
A participle is a word which is partly verb and partly an adjective. Hence, it is called
a verbal adjective.
Read the following sentences :
Yesterday I read an interesting novel.
The injured persons were taken to the hospital.
Seeing the danger, the child started crying.
She selected the box filled with sweets.
Disappointed with his life, he went to the Church.
In the above sentences the words interesting, injured, seeing, filled, disappoint-
ed are formed from the verbs interest, injure, see, fill and disappoint. They qualify
nouns and pronouns novel, persons, child, box and he, like adjectives. Such describing
words have the nature of both verbs and adjectives and are called verbal adjectives
or participles.
The Infinitive :
The infinitive is a noun with certain features of the verb, especially that of taking an
object (when the verb is transitive) and adverbial qualifiers. In fact, the infinitive is a
verb-noun. It is usually introduced by ‘to’ ; as,
Children love to play.
The boy refused to obey his father.
Everybody wishes to enjoy his life.
The Gerund :
A Gerund is a verbal noun. It is formed from a verb and it does the work of a noun;
as,
I am fond of painting.
Smoking is bad for health.
Phrases :
A Phrase is a group of words which makes sense, but not complete sense. It has a
subject nor a predicate. It contains no Finite verb. It cannot make a statement by itself.

[6] [Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10]

 A Phrase is usually a part of a sentence. If we add some words to the above phrases
we can get complete sentences; as,
(a) The students were playing in the hockey ground.
(b) She fell into the well.
(c) She talked to me in a rude manner.
Clauses :
A Clause is a combination of words which has a Subject and a Predicate, but which is
a part of a sentence; as,
You will see my brother when you go to school.
Voice :
The teacher has to explain the difference between transitive verb and intransitive
verb and then where Active Voice and Passive Voice are used. This thing may be ex-
plained in this way—if the Subject is to be highlighted then Active Voice is used and if the
object is to be highlighted, Passive voice is used; as,
Bhola shot dead the beggar. (Active)
The beggar was shot dead by Bhola. (Passive)
Reported Speech :
The teacher can explain different rules of reported speech and its transformation. The
teacher can better explain the basic requirements of Direct Speech and Indirect Speech.
For example, if the original words of the speaker are to be quoted then Direct speech is
needed;
Mother said, “I like fresh fruit.” (Direct speech)
Mother said that she liked fresh fruit. (Indirect speech)
Objective English :
These days most of the competitive Examinations held at national and international
level require only objective answers. In order to cater to this need of the students, ample
examples of such questions have been given in this series. Teachers are requested to give
more examples based on this pattern; as :
Choose the correct answer :
1. Mohit has black ….......……. (hair, hairs).
The answer is hair.
2. The swimmer jumped ………….. (in, into) the river.
The answer is into.
Fun Activities :
In this series, you can find a wide range of fun activities like word puzzles, etc. Teach-
ers may construct many such activities to make their teaching more lively and interesting.

[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [7]

Composition :
Most writing is not a private activity but a public service with a public exposure. In
this series, the main purpose of composition is communication. The standard units of
composition in English—from the humblest office memo to the longest novel—follow the
given structure :
Words Sentences Paragraphs Complete composition
The role of the teacher in making the students Final Draft
write effectively is of great importance. A teacher can
persuade the students to follow the given pattern :
Rough Draft

Collecting
Material Arrangement

Planning

In this series, students will find a number of composition items—story writing, letter
writing, essay writing, dialogue writing and smart talks. The students should read the
fully developed items of composition. Then there are many topics on which the students
may write. Teachers are requested to help the students in developing their own ideas on
these and other topics.
Teachers may ask the students to pay attention to the following points for effective
writing :
1. Plain Style :
The best style of writing is one that seems effortless rather than laboured. Do not use
long sentences, high-sounding words unnecessarily.
2. Brevity :
Be brief in your expression. Convey your thoughts as briefly as possible.
3. Consistency :
There should be consistency of thought. If you are going to defend one idea, it should
be defended upto the last. “Turn-coat” type of writing is suicidal.
4. Liveliness :
Try to make your composition as much lively as possible. Put some interesting details
in your composition. Keep in mind that your composition is to be read by others.
5. Conclusion :
Conclusion of the composition should be justified. It should be neither abrupt nor a
prolonged one.
The author is fully aware that no book can be a substitute for a teacher. This book is
an humble attempt to assist the teacher in his/her sacred duty of imparting knowledge to
the learners.

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 PART - I : PARTS OF SPEECH
Chapter-1 : Grammar Units : Brief Introduction
Exercise 1.
1. Suman : Noun ; best : Adjective
2. He : Pronoun ; London : Noun
3. came : Verb ; here : Adverb ; yesterday : Adverb
4. sets : Verb ; in : Preposition
5. nice : Adjective ; girl : Noun
6. sun : Noun ; planet : Noun; but : Conjunction ; moon : Noun
7. at : Preposition ; us : Pronoun
8. If : Conjunction ; brave : Adjective ; still : Adverb
9. bus : Noun ; moved : Verb ; jerks : Noun
10. plane : Noun ; above : Preposition ; hills : Noun
Exercise 2.
1. with great speed 2. on this spot
3. of strong character 4. with no sign, on it
5. stealing your purse 6. to eat ice cream
7. to be an editor 8. on an island
9. to Patna 10. from today itself
Exercise 3.
1. that she will return soon 2. who is sitting on the bench
3. that I had lost 4. till I come back
5. If it rains 6. As he is ill
7. where you live
Exercise 4.
1. phrase 2. clause 3. phrase
4. phrase 5. clause 6. clause
7. phrase 8. phrase
Exercise 5.
1. Imperative 2. Assertive 3. Interrogative
4. Exclamatory 5. Assertive 6. Interrogative
7. Imperative
Exercise 6.
1. I posted it only yesterday.
2. She is a woman of wonderful patience.
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 3. I do not know what to do.
4. We saw the sunset and then returned home.
5. She hopes to win a prize.
6. You will succeed in the long run.
7. Do not talk like that.
8. Show me how to do it.
9. Why do you beat him everyday ?
10. We help Peter with his homework.

Chapter-2 : Nouns : Kinds of Nouns

Exercise 1.
1. soldiers, army 2. sky, stars, pearls
3. table, repair 4. honesty, sincerity, fame, success
5. depth, river 6. wall, bricks
7. society, men, courage 8. winter, part, state
9. time, tyrant 10. train, station, delay
Exercise 2.
Rakesh : proper noun ; brother : common noun ; battles : common noun ; courage :
abstract noun ; officers : common noun ; valour : abstract noun ; use : common noun ;
weapons & war : common nouns ; work : common noun ; year : common noun ; job and
parents : common nouns.
Exercise 3.
1. sheep 2. oxen 3. sailors 4. thieves
5. judges 6. bread 7. tools
Exercise 4.
brave : bravery, vain : vanity, high : height, bitter : bitterness, deep : depth, pure :
purity, proud : pride, good : goodness, true : truth, beautiful : beauty, sweet : sweetness,
wicked : wickedness, false : falsehood, broad : breadth, pretty : prettiness.
Exercise 5.
act : action, receive : receipt, see : sight, live : liveliness, divide : division, accuse :
accusation, punish : punishment, choose : choice, die : death, consult : consultation,
allow : allowance, flatter : flattery, pursue : pursuit, quick : quickness, serve : service.

Chapter-3 : Nouns : Gender

Exercise 1 to 3 : For Practice
Exercise 4.
1. Who is the mistress of this house ?
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 2. I met a witch.
3. He bought a ram last week.
4. The boar was killed by the huntress.
5. The czarina was very cruel.
6. The hero of this film acted very well.
7. The milkmaid demanded money.
8. The widower was young, so he married another woman.
9. They like to eat the meat of she-goat, hen and doe.
10. The empress of Russia was then quite young.

Chapter-4 : Nouns : Number

Exercise 1 to 3 : For Practice

Exercise 4.
1. is 2. is 3. are 4. is 5. is
Exercise 5.

Correct : 1, 2, 6
Incorrect :
3. The fishes in the pond are not visible.
4. His brothers-in-law live in England.
5. One of his feet is defective.
7. The crowd is uncontrollable here.
8. The old man gives too much advice.

Chapter-5 : Nouns : Case

Exercise 1.
1. Raman, Sandeep : Nominative case ; friend’s : Possessive case
2. Bread : Objective case ; John and Lily’s : Possessive case
3. Uncle’s : Possessive case
4. Ravinder, Shama : Nominative case ; Shama : Objective case ; their common
friend : Case in Apposition
5. Ravinder : Nominative case ; gift : Objective case
Exercise 2.
1. I am happy to hear about the opening of a new mall.

[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [11]

 2. He was surprised to know Sudha’s arrival yesterday.
3. I was lucky to attend a prayer meeting this morning.
4. No one was happy about the snapping of the line.
5. We were surprised to know the teacher’s deafness.
Exercise 3.
1. The leg of the table has been repaired.
2. The construction of the office block is going on.
3. The last night’s TV programme was boring.
4. The next year’s holiday prices have been slashed.
5. The cover of the book is appealing.
6. The boys’ hostel ......... .
7. Shama’s illness .......... .
8. The toys for children .......... .
9. The destruction of the forest .......... .
10. I have read Keats’ and Shelly’s poems.

Chapter-6 : Pronouns : Personal, Reflexive and Emphatic

Exercise 1.
1. I 2. us 3. them 4. me 5. them
6. I 7. me 8. me 9. him 10. him
Exercise 2.
1. He, He 2. his 3. I 4. he
5. You, I 6. me 7. its 8. mine
Exercise 3.
1. myself : Reflexive 2. itself : Reflexive 3. himself : Emphatic
4. yourself : Reflexive 5. himself : Emphatic 6. itself : Reflexive
7. yourself : Emphatic

Chapter-7 : Pronouns : Relative, Interrogative and other Pronouns

Exercise 1.
1. who 2. whom 3. whose 4. that 5. whose
6. which 7. which 8. that 9. who 10. who
Exercise 2.
1. which 2. whom 3. who 4. that 5. that
6. who 7. which 8. Whom 9. What 10. the (who)

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Exercise 3.
1. Whose 2. What 3. Everybody 4. None 5. One
6. These 7. These 8. Which 9. one another 10. Much

Chapter-8 : Adjectives
Exercise 1.
1. dead, deserted 2. whole, shrill 3. no, those
4. own 5. few 6. little
7. heroic 8. Each 9. some, hungry
10. All
Exercise 2.
1. latter 2. each 3. further 4. older 5. all
6. All 7. some 8. elder 9. to 10. later
Exercise 3.
any, any, any, any, some, some, any, some
Exercise 4 to 7 : For Practice

Chapter-9 : Comparison of Adjectives

Exercise 1. : For Practice

Exercise 2.
1. smarter 2. finest 3. prettiest 4. latter 5. next
6. eldest 7. further
Exercise 3.
1. No other boy in the class is as clever as he.
2. No other king was as wise as Ashok.
3. No other tea country in the world has as large a tea garden as Bangladesh.
4. That razor is sharper than the other one brought by you.
5. Most other cities in India are not as rich as Mumbai.
6. Very few girls in the class are as clever as Poonam.
7. No other temple in Chennai is as big as this temple.
Exercise 4.
1. Deepak is as strong as he.
2. Gold is heavier than most other metals.
3. Mumbai is bigger than most other cities.

[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [13]

 4. Reena is not as intelligent as Tina.
5. Love is greater than all other things in the world.
6. The Taj is the most graceful building on earth.
7. No other seaport in the world is as great as London.
8. Kabirdasa is greater than all other Indian poets.
9. A f lower is not more fresh than her.
10. No other ruler in India was as great as Akbar.

Chapter-10 : Articles
Exercise 1. :
1. The 2. a 3. a, an 4. the, the 5. a
6. a 7. The, the 8. The, an 9. The, a, the 10. an, a
11. a 12. a 13. the, the 14. The, an 15. an
Exercise 2.
1. The brave soldier lost an arm in the battle.
2. Like a true sportsman they would give the enemy a fair play.
3. I have not seen him since he was a child.
4. Mumbai is the largest cotton textile centre in the country.
5. What kind of bird is that ?
6. May we have the pleasure of your company ?
7. A man cannot live by bread alone.
8. Where there is life, there is hope.
9. A man has no more right to say an uncivil thing than to act on.
10. Wild animals suffer when kept in captivity.
Complete the remaining sentences yourself.

Exercise 3.
1. an, a, a, a 2. a, The, the, The 3. An, the, a
4. an, the, an 5. an, a, a, a, the, the
Exercise 4. For Practice

Chapter-11 : Determiners
Exercise 1.
1. some 2. any 3. any 4. any 5. Some
6. any 7. some 8. some 9. some 10. any

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Exercise 2.
1. many 2. much 3. Many 4. much 5. much
6. much 7. many 8. much 9. many 10. much
Exercise 3.
1. the little 2. a little 3. a little 4. a little 5. little
6. A little 7. little
Exercise 4.
1. a few 2. few 3. a few 4. few 5. Few
6. the few 7. A few 8. Few
Exercise 5.
1. either 2. every 3. every 4. every 5. every
6. either 7. every
Exercises 6 & 7 - For Practice

Chapter-12 : Verbs
Exercise 1.
1. Intransitive 2. Intransitive 3. Transitive
4. Intransitive 5. Intransitive 6. Transitive
7. Transitive 8. Intransitive 9. Transitive
10. Transitive
Exercise 2.
1. full today 2. sad 3. dark 4. happy 5. a headache
Exercise 3.
1. They will fight bravely.
They will fight a fierce battle.
2. The boat will sink soon.
The storm might sink the boat.
3. The ass may kick hard.
He will kick the ball.
4. We feel happy.
He may feel your pulse.
5. The metal will expand on being heated.
Heat will expand it.
6. The bird will fly soon.
We may fly kites today.
[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [15]
 7. The train does not stop here.
No one can stop him from shouting
8. The bell will ring soon.
The peon will ring the bell.
Exercise 4 For Practice

Chapter-14 : Auxiliaries and Modals

Exercise 1.
1. must 2. should/must 3. must 4. should 5. must
6. May 7. Should 8. have 9. may 10. ought
Exercise 2.
1. Shall 2. Will 3. shall 4. shall 5. will
6. shall, will 7. Shall 8. will 9. will 10. shall
Exercise 3.
1. My sister could read the alphabet when she was 18 months old.
2. They must have certainly left already.
3. She may have forgotten about the meeting.
4. They suggest we should visit the Taj Mahal.
5. He must be a thief.
6. They may have gone out as nobody as answered the call.
7. May I use your phone ?
8. I needn’t have met him.
9. Rani will pass her driving test.
10. You need not wash the car.
Exercise 4.
1. dare 2. dare 3. dare 4. dare, dare 5. Dare
6. dare 7. dare 8. dare 9. dared 10. dares, dare
Exercise 5.
1. should 2. used 3. might 4. should 5. shall
6. was able to 7. mustn’t 8. Would 9. will 10. ought to

Chapter-15 : Verb - Mood

Exercise
1. Subjunctive 2. Subjunctive 3. Indicative 4. Indicative 5. Imperative
6. Imperative 7. Indicative 8. Subjunctive 9. Imperative 10. Subjunctive

[16] [Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10]

Chapter-16 : Tenses and Their Uses (I )
Exercise 1.
1. rises, sets 2. knows 3. wait 4. yearn 5. demand
6. aspires 7. Say, want 8. stand 9. get 10. carries
Exercise 2.
1. are playing 2. drink 3. is cooking 4. are drinking 5. are going
6. come 7. practise 8. works 9. starts 10. is knocking
Exercise 3. For Practice
Exercise 4.
1. have brought 2. has been typing
3. have been collecting 4. have collected
5. has used 6. have used
7. has been standing, has already gone 8. have been working
9. has finished 10. has been writing

Chapter-17 : Tenses and Their Uses (II)

Exercise 1.
1. 1. studied 2. was studying
2. 1. was going 2. went
3. 1. drove 2. were driving
4. 1. were having 2. had
5. 1. was coming 2. came
6. 1. was blowing 2. blew
7. 1. rained 2. was raining
8. 1. was reading 2. read
9. 1. was sleeping 2. slept
10. 1. was playing 2. played
Exercise 2.
1. was serving 2. was sitting 3. worked
4. was working 5. read 6. was reading
7. was snowing 8. came 9. broke
10. were striking
Exercise 3.
1. were leaving, arrived 2. took, was living
3. was leaving, called 4. were driving, took

[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [17]

 5. called, was reading 6. was sleeping, rang
7. was playing, came 8. was crying, was scolding
9. was relying, supported 10. was going, met
Exercise 4. For Practice
Exercise 5.
1. had bought, came 2. had studied, arrived
3. had booked, released 4. had escaped, arrived
5. cried, had left 6. had done, arrived
7. had rung, was ordered 8. had studied, left
9. had destroyed, arrived 10. was rumoured, had eloped
Exercise 6.
1. gained 2. rises 3. were fighting
4. carried out 5. wants 6. heard
7. has been weeping 8. are waiting 9. placed
10. was lying 11. writing 12. was
13. saw 14. have been living 15. were
Exercise 7.
1. closed 2. has visited 3. cooks, is cooking
4. was going 5. visited 6. will leave
7. have been living 8. goes 9. caught
10. sold 11. bought 12. went
13. had been 14. received 15. was sleeping
Exercise 8.
1. will play 2. will return 3. will do
4. will spend 5. will close 6. will be
7. will know 8. will pay 9. will take
10. will leave
Exercise 9.
1. shall be taking 2. will be waiting 3. will be catching
4. shall be playing 5. will be working 6. will be having
7. will be playing 8. will be doing 9. will be having
10. will be working
Exercise 10.
1. will have married 2. will have stopped 3. will have left
4. will have finished 5. will have cried
6 - 10 For Practice
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Exercise 11.
1. are going to play 2. is going 3. am going to show
4. are going to have 5. are going to make 6. is going to study
7. is going 8. are going to leave 9. is going to take
10. are going to visit
Exercise (Misc) 12.
1. comes 2. is ringing 3. is coming
4. had taken 5. fell, were crossing 6. is crying
7. had seen 8. was shining 9. had jumped
10. have been 11. told 12. have completed
13. have won 14. waters 15. studied
Exercise (Misc) 13.
1. will have been 2. had (you) gone 3. was making
4. speaks 5. tell, f latter 6. arrived
7. went 8. have been working 9. travelling
10. gets up 11. went 12. will be surprised
13. were 14. would have gone 15. was
Exercise 14.
1. will 2. will be 3. had
4. left 5. belongs 6. lives
7. has been 8. has been 9. paints
10. had
Exercise 15.
1. The cost of living is rising ­– refers to the present
The cost of living is going to rise – refers to future
2. Kailash is in Germany – At present he is in Germany
He has been to Germany – He is not in Germany at present, he went there and came
back.
3. She resembles her mother – refers to the present
She will resemble her mother – refers to the future
4. Mr Rao lands at 11.00 a.m. – refers to the future
Mr Rao landed at 11.00 a.m. – refers to the past
5. Hritick is ill – refers to his present illness.
He has been ill for some time now – He became ill and continues to be ill.

[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [19]

Exercise 16.
1. are driving/drive 2. is snowing/snows 3. are talking/talk
4. am preparing/prepare 5. am starting /start

Chapter-18 : Sequence of Tenses

Exercise 1.
1. spoke 2. knows 3. can 4. will 5. may
6. was 7. could 8. left 9. heard 10. was
Exercise 2.
1. proceed 2. entered 3. preached 4. were 5. was
6. might 7. comes 8. might 9. asked 10. could
Exercise 3.
1. might fail 2. want 3. revolves
4. might/could leave 5. is 6. may succeed
7. could fail 8. came 9. was
10. would have married 11. were 12. were
13. can stop 14. would have come 15. know

Chapter-19 : The Infinitive

Exercise 1.
1. to meet 2. to let 3. to rest 4. to come 5. to eat
6. to fail 7. to begin 8. to sit in 9. to report 10. to get
Exercise 2.
2. We hope for them to come.
3. Rohan worked hard to win.
4. People believed him to be a thief.
5. Rahul was believed to be a criminal.
6. My father promised to help me.
7. Rajan was known to be a great leader.
8. The teacher promised to do her best for us.
Exercise 3.
1. The lesson is too long to be finished.
2. It is too cold to go out.
3. He is too fat to sit properly.
4. Rupa is too selfish to help anyone.

[20] [Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10]

 5. The log was too heavy to be carried by us.
6. These mangoes are too rotten for us to buy.
7. This girl is too weak to pass in the examination.
8. This water is too dirty to drink.
9. The lion was too old to prey anything.
10. My uncle reached the station too late to catch the train.
Exercise 4.
1. It was cold enough for anyone to work.
2. That bag is too heavy for me to lift.
3. The pipe is not long enough to reach the roof.
4. Gagan is not strong enough to fight his battle.
5. Sheena is silly enough to say such things.
6. The question was too difficult for anyone to answer.
7. Ramesh is too tired to sleep.
8. The fruit is ripe enough to take.
Exercise 5.
1. Monica is too sick to go to school today.
2. They worked hard to earn.
3. I have no interest in business to tell you frankly.
4. They held a meeting to select a manager for their factory.
5. Neha’s hobby is to collect stamps.
6. We go to a cinema hall to see a movie.
7. This chapter is too long to complete today.
8. Rama was sensible enough to do the right thing.
9. The thief took out a knife to frighten all of us.
10. He is not afraid to always tell a lie.

Chapter-20 : The Participle

Exercise 1.
1. earned - Past Participle 2. being - Present Participle
3. being discouraged - Present Participle 4. carrying - Present Participle
5. aiming - Present Participle
6 - 10 For Practice
Exercise 2.
1. Seeing a tiger I became afraid.
2. Seeing the Principal we stood up at once.

[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [21]

 3. It being a hot day we did not go out.
4. Taking his walking stick, my uncle went out for a walk.
5. The weather being fine, we went out for a walk.
6. Having won a lottery Rahul bought a car.
7. Reaching home, the guests went to bed immediately.
8. The police saw the dead body floating down the river.
9. Knowing the answer, Reena put up her hand.
10. Having been encouraged by the teachers Rahul got good marks.
11. Arriving at the station we saw the train moving.
12. It being a holiday, we did not go to school.
13. Hearing the news she began to cry.
14. Having eaten his breakfast, he was reading the paper.
Exercise 3.
1. The dinner not being ready we had to go without eating.
2. Taking up his rifle, the hunter went out for hunting.
3. Being tired of my old car, I decided to sell it.
4. Having joined the post, no salary was paid to him.
5. It being a very cold day I remained in bed.
6. Having finished his work he sat down to rest.
7. Opening the door the thieves entered the hall very quietly.
8. Feeling hungry he went on eating.
9. Taking his walking stick, he went for a walk.
10. Having written his letter, Ravi went to the post office to post it.

Chapter-21 : The Gerund

Exercise 1.
1. Standing is the Present Participle here ; like an adjective, it modifies the noun
‘bull’.
2. Studying is the Gerund ; it acts as an object of preposition ‘in’.
3. Singing is a Gerund ; it acts as the subject of the verb ‘is’.
4. Being is the Present Participle ; it acts as an absolute phrase here.
5. Sitting is the Present Participle ; like an adjective, it modifies the pronoun ‘he’.
6 - 10 For Practice
Exercise 2.
1. Ali is fond of singing.
2. Neha likes going on short trips.

[22] [Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10]

 3. The children began to sleep to avoid watching the horror movie.
4. The teacher explained the chapters to make them understandable.
5. The guests were happy to dance in the party.
6. Earning money is good to develop confidence.
7. Children learn by watching their elders.
8. They will mind going out in the rain.
9. Gazala is busy working on Arithmetic sums.
10. The wounded men were writhing on the ground and crying with pain.
Exercise 3.
1. Laughing is better than frowning.
2. Telling lies will not help anyone.
3. Writing a story is not easy.
4. Kite flying is a favourite sport but betting on them is bad.
5. Reaching school in time is always his problem.
6. Solving this question is difficult.
7. Swimming is good for health.
8. Fault finding is easy.
9. Toiling is the lot of mankind.
10. Retreating was difficult, but advancing was impossible.

Chapter-22 : Adverbs
Exercise 1.
1. very : modifies the adverb ‘fast’, adverb of degree.
fast : modifies the verb ‘ran‘, adverb of manner.
2. up : modifies the verb ‘looked’, adverb of place.
3. quite : modifies the adverb ‘well’, adverb of degree.
well : modifies the verb ‘dances’, adverb of manner.
4. surely : modifies the complete sentence, adverb of affirmation.
5. much : modifies the verb ‘like’, adverb of degree.
6. - 10 For Practice
Exercise 2.
1. The lion was too old to prey.
2. It was very hot yesterday.
3. The hungry man ate much food.
4. They enjoyed the dinner very much.
5. She died only last week.
6. The patient is much better now.
[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [23]
 7. My friend is too weak to pass in the examination.
8. Fruits are very costly nowadays.
9. Seema gave me only four oranges.
10. Ravi is too poor, yet he is very honest.
Exercise 3.
1. Our work is almost complete.
2. This room is big enough for us.
3. He spoke earnestly at the mailing last night.
4. She has never seen a tiger.
5. I often have to go to college on foot.
6. He always used to agree with me.
7. I already know the answer.
8. He often invited me to visit him.
9. Tina is never determined to yield this point.
10. We usually have to reach the office by 9 a.m.
11. The train has just left.
12. Rohan has quite recovered from his illness.
13. He is never in time for meals.
14. Iram seldom goes to the cinema.
15. You always have to check your oil before starting.
Complete the remaining sentences on this pattern.

Chapter-23 : Prepositions
Exercise 1.
1. at 2. in 3. in 4. into 5. to
6. into 7. with 8. on 9. on 10. between
11. through 12. through 13. from 14. by 15. with
Exercise 2.
1. over 2. up 3. with 4. among 5. over
6. into 7. on 8. upon 9. with 10. over
Exercise 3.
1. Besides 2. from 3. of 4. off 5. of
6. through 7. along 8. of 9. beside 10. at
Exercise 4.
1. in 2. to 3. on, at 4. of 5. on, to
6. by, in 7. to, with 8. upon 9. to 10. from
11. under 12. upon, at 13. since 14. through, at 15. along
[24] [Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10]
Chapter-24 : Words Followed by Prepositions
Exercise 1.
1. at, in 2. to 3. with 4. on 5. of
6. of 7. with 8. to 9. from 10. to
11. with 12. to 13. in 14. of 15. with
16. for 17. of 18. for 19. with 20. from
Exercise 2.
1. of 2. for 3. of 4. for 5. of
6. with 7. in 8. for 9. for 10. for
Exercise 3.
1. 1. difference is of views / opinions
difference is of colour, quality.
2. has given up the duty of looking after the business
has given up social responsibilities in favour of private life.
3. subject to a fine of ` 500.
legally bound for his wife’s debts.
Attempt the remaining sentences on this pattern.
Exercise 4.
1. to 2. on 3. of 4. to 5. with
6. upon 7. with/from 8. to 9. to 10. on
11. for 12. against 13. for 14. upon 15. to
16. about 17. at 18. with 19. over 20. from
Exercise 5.
1. Abide with : I can’t abide people with no sense of humours.
2. About to : It is about to rain.
3. On account of : The office will remain closed on account of a public holiday.
4. Account for : It is not easy to account for the success of this worthless film.
5. According to : According to rules, you cannot go on leave for a month.
6 to 10 For Practice

Chapter-25 : Conjunctions
Exercise 1.
1. when : Subordinate Conjunction
2. so long as : Subordinate Conjunction
3. wherever : Subordinate Conjunction

[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [25]

 4. and : Co-ordinate Conjunction
5. or : Co-ordinate Conjunction
6. Either ... or : Correlative Conjunction
7. Though : Subordinate Conjunction
Exercise 2.
1. Though 2. if 3. than 4. but 5. lest
6. when 7. As 8. If 9. until 10. or
Exercise 3.
1. He is honest, but no one trusts him.
2. If you shirk work, you will make no progress in life.
3. Though the patient has recovered, he cannot walk.
4. Raman is rich and prosperous.
5. He will be there to receive you if you come at 8.00 am.
6 to 10 For Practice

Chapter-26 : Interjections
Exercise 1.
1. Surprise 2. Appreciation 3. Surprise
4. Disgust 5. To make someone silent 6. Joy
7. Pain 8. Annoyance 9. Approval
10. Attracting attention
Exercise 2.
1. Alas! 2. Ah! 3. Hey! 4. Hurrah! 5. What!
6. God! 7. Bah! 8. Oh Damn!/Oh! 9. Look! 10. O/Oh!
11 to 15 For Practice

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[26] [Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10]

 PART - II : VOCABULARY
Chapter-27 : Word Formation
Exercise 1.
belittle ; wisdom ; derail ; creamy ; international ; delink ; clockwise ; truthful ; post-
independence ; classy ; illogical ; chapterwise ; writing ; whiteness ; handy.
Exercise 2.
(a) Abundance ; absence ; advice ; allowance ; admission ; agreement ; approval ;
arrival; assistance ; attendance ; amusement ; breach ; bearing ; bliss ; belief ;
burial ; blood ; collection ; compliance ; digestion.
(b) absence ; ability ; bravery ; breadth ; cowardice ; cruelty ; dearth ; falsehood ;
freedom ; greatness ; grandeur ; gaiety ; happiness ; heat ; justice ; length ; loyalty;
merriment ; piety ; poverty ; patriotism ; politeness ; reality ; stupidity ; safety ;
secrecy ; scarcity ; timidity ; vanity ; wisdom ; width ; youth.
Exercise 3.
(a) abundant ; angelic ; able ; awful ; airy ; brazen ; bodily ; bloody ; brutal ; colonial ;
cowardly ; circular ; cheerful ; criminal ; daily.
(b) (i) apologise ; aerify ; bathe ; believe ; breathe ; blacken ; classify ; colonise ;
encage ; calve.
(ii) authorize ; enable ; broaden ; debase ; cleanse ; clarify ; criticise ; encourage ;
entitle ; invigorate
Exercise 4.
1. addition 2. injurious 3. confidence 4. honesty 5. success
6. deligence 7. kindness 8. accompany 9. patience 10. responsibility

Chapter-29 : Words Often Misused

Exercise 1.
(a) Snow : There is a lot of snow outside.
Ice : Please put a few cubes of ice in my glass.

Regular : For a long time, Disha had no regular classes.

Punctual : He is a very punctual boy.

Stationary : The car collided with a stationary vehicle.

Stationery : Stationery is kept in the stock cupboard.

Council : He is an important member of city council.

Counsel : Teenagers rarely heed the counsel of their parents.

[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [27]


Loss : Ram incurred a heavy loss in business last month.

Loose : My trousers were a little loose around my waist, so I wore a belt.

Remaining words : For Practice
(b) Assent : He gave his assent to the proposed order.
Ascent : They cheered the ascent of hot-air balloon.

Discent : They began the long descent, hand in hand.

Dissent : There are many ways of expressing dissent.

Pray : We should always pray to God for his blessings.

Prey : The animals always hunt for their prey.

Raze : Many villages were raged to the ground.

Raise : There was enough room for her to raise her arms but not to sit up.

Roll : This paper roll is very expensive.

Role : Susan has a minor role in the play.

Remaining words : For Practice
Exercise 2.
1. imminent 2. sank 3. judicious 4. famous 5. willing
6. healthy 7. habit 8. stationery 9. affected 10. practical
11. war 12. creditable 13. adopted 14. artist 15. compliments
16. dual 17. dying 18. exceeds 19. illusion 20. berth
Exercise 3.
1. bare 2. freedom 3. shade 4. latter 5. beside
6. career 7. canvass 8. meddle 9. superficial 10. adopt

Chapter-30 : Phrasal Verbs

Exercise 1.
Bent on : St. Paul was bent on paying a visit to Rome.

Back up : The writer does not back up his opinion with examples.

Bring up : She is struggling to bring up her children.

Blow up : Will you help me blow up the balloons ?

Carry out : Repairs take time to carry out.

Remaining Phrasal Verbs (For Practice)
Exercise 2.
1. off 2. up 3. on 4. into 5. down
6. about 7. in 8. into 9. in 10. off

[28] [Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10]

Chapter-31 : Spellings
Exercise 1.
1. b 2. b 3. a 4. a 5. a
6. a 7. b 8. a 9. b 10. b
11. a 12. a 13. b 14. a 15. a
16. a 17. c 18. a 19. a 20. a
Exercise 2.
1. nobleman 2. clearly 3. strongly 4. insight 5. waterfall
6. taxidriver 7. lukewarm 8. overtaking 9. hangman 10. resemblance
11. suspician 12. existence 13. classmate 14. lengthwise 15. evidence

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[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [29]

 PART - III : SENTENCES, TRANSFORMATION
AND COMBINATION
Chapter-32 : Phrase, Clause, Sentence

PHRASES
Exercise 1
1. ............... a person of scholarship.
2. ............... a track through the jungle.
3. ............... carry a load of great weight.
4. A gloom of darkness spread ............... .
5. An artefact of ancient times was ............... .
6 to 10 – For Practice

Exercise 2
1. We met a villager.
2. He is a fearless man.
3. Fishing here is useless.
4. Shiva has a blood-stained sword.
5. Sneha wore a silk sari.
6 to 10 – For Practice

Exercise 3
1. The snow fell in a soft manner.
2. Before very long the moon will rise.
3. Although tired, the workers worked in a cheerful manner.
4. We will camp just on this spot.
5 to 8 – For Practice

Exercise 4
1. The storm blew wildly/fiercely.
2. We must start soon.
3. The rain fell continuously.
4. I thank you heartily.
5. They arrived then.
6 to 8 – For Practice

[30] [Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10]

Exercise 5
1. to forgive
2. walking in the garden
3. To smoke in public
4. to win the first prize
5. to climb mountains
6 to 8 – For Practice

CLAUSES
Exercise 1
1. He predicts that there will be a change in the weather.
2. I have known that he was truthful.
3. I heard you had succeeded.
4. He confessed what the truth was.
5. The captain told us how the troop would move.
6 to 10 – For Practice
Exercise 2.
1. who hate others.
2. that he bought
3. which you chose
4. when he made a serious mistake
5. that jumps gracefully
6 to 10 – For Practice
Exercise 3
1. The man while running had ............... .
2. It is a street without turning ............... .
3. A man speaking too much is ............... .
4. Which is the path leading to the ............... .
5. The reason given by him was not ............... .
6 to 10 – For Practice
Exercise 4
1. than it started raining
2. where he was found lying
3. because the night is dark
4. As soon as the work is finished
5. as though she is an authority
6 to 10 – For Practice

[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [31]

Exercise 5.
1. My heart is so full that I cannot express my feelings in words.
2. The soldiers fought in a way that they were brave.
3. I returned when the sun had set.
4. The price is high as it is an old cycle.
5. I did it as best as I could.
6 to 10 – For Practice
Exercise 6.
1. The streets were flooded on account of hard rain.
2. The people are happy under just rule.
3. On seeing the cobra she ran away.
4. This chapter is too difficult to understand.
5. Her parents were poor in spite of their noble lineage.
6 to 10 – For Practice

Chapter-33 : Kinds of Sentences

Exercise
Note : P.C. means Principal Clause; S.C. means Subordinate Clause.
1. Complex sentence Even though you are smart, (S.C.) no girl likes you.
(P.C.)
2. Simple Sentence For all your cleverness (Phrase) you are a failure.
(Main Clause)
3. Compound sentence 1. He is poor. 2. He is contented.
4. Compound sentence 1. He is ill. 2. He cannot attend school.
5. Compound sentence 1. He is an idler. 2. He is a gambler.
6. Complex sentence I had left home (P.C.) before she came. (S.C.)
7. Complex sentence Make hay (P.C.) while the sun shines. (S.C.)
8. Complex sentence This is the letter (P.C.) which Seema wrote. (S.C.)
9. Compound sentence 1. She must weep. 2. She will die.
10. Complex sentence My great fear is (P.C.) that he may fail again. (S.C.)
Complete the remaining sentences on this pattern.

Chapter-34 : Conditional Sentences

Exercise 1.
1. Unless they run, they will not win the race.
2. Unless more trees are cut down, there will not be a disaster.
[32] [Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10]
 3. Unless you work harder, you will fail.
4. Unless you come in, I shall not show you what I have done.
5. Unless the weather keeps fine, we shall not go out to some picnic spot.
Do the remaining sentences on this pattern.
Exercise 2.
1. If you do not return my book at once I will go to the Principal.
2. If the students do not pay their fees they cannot sit for the examination.
3. If I do not ask you to go, don’t go.
4. If she did not have enough money she would not have gone there.
5. If the weather is bad no one will go out.
6. If he does not run fast, he will not catch the bus.
7. If there is not an important work this evening, do not disturb me.
8. If you do not hurry up you will miss the train.
Exercise 3.
1. Unless you say sorry nobody will speak to you.
2. Unless you get a ticket you cannot enter the fair.
3. Unless you attend the important meeting you won’t get experience in life.
4. They will not come because they were not invited.
5. Unless you repay the money you will go to jail.
6. Unless the doctor treats the patient, he will die at once.
7. Unless you speak the truth nobody will help you.
8. Unless she wears thick clothes she will always feel cold.
Exercise 4.
Do it yourself.

Chapter-35. : Active and Passive Voice

Exercise 1.
Mangoes are not eaten by Rekha.
1.
A tiger was killed by the hunter.
2.
A beautiful kite is being f lown by him.
3.
His duty has been performed well by the policeman.
4.
I was given a book by my uncle.
5.
Or
A book was given to me by my uncle.
6. Others should not be teased by you.
7. Why were you hit on your face by him ?
[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [33]
Exercise 2.
1. Who taught you maths last year ?
2. Please stand up.
3. Do not pluck f lowers.
4. He knows me well.
5. The news alarmed us.
6. Raman has to pay fine.
7. All of us wonder at his boldness.
Exercise 3.
1. The cat is being run after by the dog.
2. A reward was given to Seema for her boldness by the Principal.
3. What cannot be cured must be endured.
4. Water is contained in the pot.
5. By whom have the legs of the chair been broken ?
6. He accused the thief of various offences.
7. May you live long !
8. People are now again wearing short dresses.
9. Why was your book not returned by him ?
10. It is hoped that the match will be won by us.
11. The work was expected to be finished by me by noon.
12. My cash box has been stolen.
13. The application was forwarded to the headmaster by the teacher.
14. Promises should be kept.
15. Was the noon train caught by him ?
16. All of them were surprised at it.
17. The fields are grown over with green grass.
18. I want to buy this watch.
19. Milk is used for making cheese.
20. I have to say little in this matter.

Chapter-36. : Direct And Indirect Speech

Exercise 1.
1. Shalu told her mother that she had baked two loaves of bread for her.
2. The ministers say that they will fulfil their promise.
3. The clerk said that they were on strike that day.
4. Mother told her that her father had gone to his office.
5. I told my teacher that all my work was complete then.
[34] [Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10]
 6. The singer says that he will not repeat that song.
7. The students said that their college would remain closed the next day.
8. The sweeper complained to the mistress that she had not given her wages for ten days.
9. She will say that she cannot go with you today.
10. The teacher said that those questions were very easy to do.
11. The milkman says that he always brings pure milk.
12. The doctor told the patient that he had to take that medicine for five days.
Exercise 2.
1. The clerk said to me, “I have seen all the files given by you.”
2. The teacher said to me, “Come to me with your work.”
3. The beggar said to me, “Give me some food to eat.”
4. The teacher said to the students, “You cannot go out without my permission.”
5. The mother said to her son, “Change your clothes.”
6. The teacher said to the student, “Work hard to pass the examination.”
7. My father said to me, “Do not eat sour mangoes.”
8. Mary said to me, “Are you learning your lesson ?”
9. The Principal said to the student, “Do you come late daily ?”
10. My mother said to me, “Who is calling me at the gate ?”
Exercise 3.
1. Rani asked me if I could teach her English.
2. My mother asked me where I went daily.
3. The father advised his son to do his work quietly.
4. The captain applauded the players that they had played well.
5. He asked me affectionately to come to him.
6. I asked Veena if she knew where Asha lived.
Complete the remaining sentences on this pattern.
Exercise 4.
1. The little fish asked the fisherman if it was not too tiny for him to eat. It requested
him to put it back in the water then and catch it again when it had grown up.
2. The teacher asked him why he was standing there. He advised him to come and sit
in the class.
3. The patient told the doctor that he would not come to see him that day as he was
going out of station then.
4. The student apologized to his teacher adding that he was late and could not come
in without his permission.
5. The peon said that the telephone was ringing and no one was coming to attend to
it.

[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [35]

 6. The duke said that he could not hope to see those trees which he was planting come
to perfection.
7. I asked the girl if she was going to the market. I requested her to bring some
medicines for me.
8. My father asked me if I had a dictionary as he needed it for writing an essay.
9. He requested me to give him my umbrella as it was raining heavily then.
10. Neha told the shoemaker that he was a big blockhead as he had done the reverse of
what she desired him to make.

Chapter-37 : Transformation of Sentences (I)

Exercise 1.
1. It is so hot that one can’t go outside for a walk.
2. This bag was so heavy that I could not carry it.
3. He is so fat that he cannot sit properly.
4. This work is so much that no one can do it single handedly.
5. He was so late that he could not hear the first speech.
Complete the remaining sentences on this pattern.
Exercise 2.
1. These mangoes are too rotten to eat.
2. Gopal is too fat to sit.
3. Puja speaks too fast for us to follow.
4. This lesson is too difficult to understand.
5. One is never too old to learn.
Complete the remaining sentences on this pattern.
Exercise 3.
(a) 1. As soon as they had come, they were asked to prepare food.
2. As soon as we boarded the bus, we heard an explosion.
3 & 4 - For Practice
(b) 1. No sooner did the car start than it skidded off the road.
2. No sooner did the clock strike nine than she went to bed.
3 & 4 - For Practice
Exercise 4.
1. Kanpur is bigger than all other cities in U.P.
2. No other king in India was as great as Ashok.
3. Mumbai is one of the largest cities in India.
4. Sachin is the best batsman in our cricket team.

[36] [Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10]

 5. Gold is more valuable than all other metals.
6. Srinagar is more beautiful than most other cities in India.
7. No other Indian poet was as great as Tulsidas.
8. Suresh is not as strong as Ganesh.
Complete the remaining sentences on this pattern.

Exercise 5.
1. He has disgraced his family.
2. He rejected all our proposals.
3. What he proposes is not clear from the letter.
4. The scene pleased me.
5. He can’t be admitted without a ticket.
6. He succeeded in all his undertakings.
7. He agreed to supply the farmer with coal.
8. This book costs ten rupees.
Exercise 6.
1. The cost of the watch for me was five thousand rupees.
2. Her singing did not provide us amusement.
3. The best way to maintain health is to be carefree.
4. The honest will enjoy prosperity.
5. The manager said with regret that he had acted so hastily.
6. Notwithstanding his smallness the boy’s intelligence is equal to that of his father.
7. The generals were full of admiration for the soldier’s activity in his old age.
8. His friends have full belief in his innocence.
Exercise 7.
1. We had successful business dealings.
2. My friends Ramesh and Mahesh proved very troublesome.
3. It was evident the merchant lacked courage.
4. His breaking the rule was intentional.
Complete the remaining sentences on this pattern.
Exercise 8.
1. Evidently, he gained nothing from his success.
2. Glassware must be handled carefully.
3. Fortunately he was not injured.
4. He examined the document carefully.
5. He replied curtly.
6. The two shades differ slightly.
[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [37]
 7. We passed an hour anxiously.
8. Presumably he ignored my advice.
Exercise 9.
1. Let the door be opened, please.
2. Which books are read by you ?
3. One’s country should be loved.
4. Let your eyes be closed at once.
5. Why was her lesson not learnt by your sister ?
Complete the remaining sentences on this pattern.
Exercise 10.
1. They have closed the road.
2. The asked us to leave the hall.
3. The Principal gave him a reward.
4. The discovery of oil has made the gulf countries prosperous.
5. They allow children to do what they like.
Complete the remaining sentences on this pattern.
Exercise 11.
1. She did not like me less than you.
2. I am not doubtful of his abilities.
3. A poor man cannot buy this car.
4. His brother is not as powerful as he.
5. No sooner did the clock strike eleven than we went to bed.
Complete the remaining sentences on this pattern.
Exercise 12.
1. We remembered you.
2. Everybody was absent from the hall.
3. We can do without his advice.
4. You should be present on such occasions.
5. This is the biggest house in the street.
Complete the remaining sentences on this pattern.
Exercise 13.
1. You should not waste your money on it.
2. You can never deceive him.
3. That was not the way to speak to your elders.
4. No one can count the stars in the sky.

[38] [Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10]

 5. That is not the way a student should behave.
Complete the remaining sentences on this pattern.
Exercise 14.
1. Who does not love his motherland ?
2. Isn’t drinking bad for health ?
3. Who would like to be called a fool ?
4. Do joys and sorrows not go together ?
5. Can even ants teach us a lesson ?
Complete the remaining sentences on this pattern.
Exercise 15.
1. I wish I had some money with me now.
2. You have grown very tall.
3. He is a very naughty boy.
4. The night is very cold.
5. It is a very fine picture.
Complete the remaining sentences on this pattern.
Exercise 16.
1. Alas ! Her children are starving !
2. Oh, that I had the wings of a dove !
3. How unhappily she lives !
4. What a nice fellow he is !
5. What a pleasant time we had on Sunday !
Complete the remaining sentences on this pattern.
Exercise 17.
1. In spite of his being my friend, I cannot trust him.
2. If I had been there I could have saved him.
3. Supposing she fails, what will she do ?
4. The baby was so weak that it could not crawl.
5. No sooner did he see the police than he ran away.
6. I wish I had some water.
Complete the remaining sentences.

Chapter-38 : Transformation of Sentences (II)

Exercise 1.
1. He worked hard and so he passed the examination.
2. You must work hard or you will not win the prize.
[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [39]
 3. He was negligent, so his parents punished him.
4. He is not only honest but also gentle.
5. The servant left the work after the sun had set.
6. She was ill but still she was always cheerful.
7. I threw off my shoes and jumped into the river.
8. The teacher cannot come today for his mother is ill.
9. Confess your guilt and you will not be punished.
10. The weather was bad, even then Neha remained there for a long time.
Complete the remaining sentences on this pattern.
Exercise 2.
1. Being too big this house cannot be his.
2. In spite of being rich, he is not contented.
3. Having finished her work Rani went to see a picture.
4. After purchasing the book, leave the shop.
5. He did not mind people making fun of him.
6. In the absence of light I could not complete my work.
Complete the remaining sentences on this pattern.
Exercise 3.
1. She declared that she was loyal.
2. It is not certain when the rain will stop.
3. She is sure that she will get good marks in the examination.
4. It is probable that he will not come today.
5. I want to know what your date of birth is.
6. It seems that Rajat is an intelligent boy.
7. He pleaded that he was ignorant of the law.
8. I believe what you say.
Exercise 4.
1. Can she tell us the time when she will depart ?
2. Few know the place wher he resides.
3. Boys who are good obey their parents.
4. It is the hard-working students who always get good marks in the examination.
Complete the remaining sentences on this pattern.
Exercise 5.
1. I was surprised to hear that he had died.
2. If it does not rain our crops will fail.
3. She went there so that she might see her friend.
4. We had finished our work before it was noon.

[40] [Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10]

 5. This news is so good that it cannot be true.
Complete the remaining sentences on this pattern.
Exercise 6.
1. The duration of the snow is doubtful.
2. Tell me your address.
3. My uncle will certainly be released.
4. Attend to your teacher’s words.
5. I asked the boy his age.
Complete the remaining sentences on this pattern.
Exercise 7.
1. I have nothing to satisfy your want.
2. An honest man need not fear the law.
3. Self-made people are always very hard-working.
4. His reasons are not satisfactory.
5. Time once lost is lost for ever.
6. Lazy students never succeed in life.
7. We met a retired teacher in the market.
8. I have no money to give you.
Exercise 8.
1. Owing to his illness I spoke to his father.
2. After having put out the fire they felt relieved.
3. Seeing an ox the lion jumped up.
4. The lady was sorry to hear the news.
5. In his absence I spoke to his brother.
6. Being too tired my father could not walk properly.
7. She works hard to pass.
8. The thief ran at his full speed.
Exercise 9.
1. When he saw her, he stopped to talk to her.
2. The sun is a planet while the moon is not.
3. Unless you search your room you will not find your watch.
4. Good as a servant, science is bad if it becomes our master.
5. I honour you because you are sincere.
6. Although he did his best, he could not get the prize.
Complete the remaining sentences on this pattern.
Exercise 10.
1. He returned and at once she left.
2. He is corrupt and we can prove it.

[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [41]

 3. We had a monkey and it could copy a man’s actions.
4. He needed money and he sold his book.
5. Shobha did her best but she failed.
6. Take care of your health otherwise you will be ill.
Complete the remaining sentences on this pattern.
Exercise 11.
1. Be respectful to your teachers.
2. No sooner did the chief guest seat himself than the play began.
3. Should you come late again, you will be punished.
4. Rajat is better than all other students in the class.
5. Alok’s behaviour surprised us all.
6. No other metal is as glittering as gold.
7. In spite of the votes of many of his friends, he failed to be elected.
8. He is so weak that he cannot walk to the hospital without help.
9. Rajni’s property was restored to her after ten years.
10. But for his weakness in English, he would have topped the class.
11. None but the evening star appeared.
12. This instrument is used not only for boring holes but also for cutting metals.
13. Oh that I could hear the music of Mukesh !
14. Your friend is so miserly that he cannot lend you any money.
15. But for your help, I would have failed.

Chapter-39 : Combining Two or More Sentences (Synthesis)

Exercise 1.
(a) 1. A blind boy came here.
2. I bought a white horse yesterday.
3. You have a gold ring.
4. She could not solve the difficult question.
5. A poor man was standing at the gate.
(b) 1. Unluckily, he became ill.
2. Neha hurriedly read a book.
3. Hari is certainly a clever boy.
4. The train punctually arrived at the station.
5. The leader spoke for a few minutes.
(c) 1. We shall go to the bazaar to buy some vegetables.
2. She is too clever to be deceived.
3. My wife has engaged a private tutor to coach my daughter in Mathematics.

[42] [Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10]

 4. The woman was too mean to be respected.
5. They were grieved to learn that the situation grew worse everyday.
Exercise 2.
(a) 1. Receiving a letter Preeti became very sad.
2. Going to the field, he saw a snake.
3. Having lost her ring my sister began to cry.
4. Believing the dealer to be dishonest, I bought a T.V. from him.
5. Being a boy of steady habits, he rose to a high position in life.
(b) 1. Dhoni, our captain, played well.
2. Rama, the eldest son of king Dasaratha of Ayodhya, was very brave.
3. Shivaji, the great Maratha, defeated Aurangzeb.
4. Kabir, a weaver, was a famous poet.
5. Mumbai, now a modern city of India, was once a fishing village.
6. Aurangzeb, the son of Shahjahan, got his brothers killed.
7. Midas, a greedy king, lived to regret his greed of gold.
(c) 1. Mr Singh taught us by giving some sweets.
2. Hearing that her husband had died, she fainted.
3. But for your help I would have failed.
4. In spite of everyone’s opposition, he did not give up his resolution.
5. On my giving him a rupee, he blessed me.
6. Hearing the news of her son’s success in passing examination, she felt very glad.
7. My uncle being a man of progressive views is held in great esteem.
(d) 1. The dinner having been finished, the guests retired.
2. The feast having begun we were all very merry.
3. The ship having sunk, the crew were drowned.
4. The match being over everyone rushed to the door.
5. The sun having set, we stopped for the night.
6. The general having been slain, the soldiers were seized with panic.
7. The teacher being absent, the boys didn’t work.

Exercise (Misc) 3.
1. Having failed many times, he still hopes to succeed.
2. There are still four sentences to finish this exercise.
3. Having stolen a piece of bread the crow flew to her nest to eat it.
4. Warned of the danger, the prince left his palace to hide himself in a cave.
5. They will send me as well as John to school.
6. Being well known in the town I could not help being recognised.

[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [43]

 7. Nur Jahan, a Moghul queen first made an attar of roses.
8. Ranjit Singh’s reign being over, the Sikh power fell to pieces.
9. Finding a gold coin accidently on the road, a villager put it into his pocket.
10. In a battle fought between the Afghans and Hindus at Thanesar, the Afghan King
was badly wounded.
Complete the remaining sentences on this pattern.

Exercise 4.
(a) 1. Ravi is not only intelligent but also diligent.
2. Geeta was not only punished but also fined by the Principal.
3. Neha is both a lawyer and a leader.
4. He was not only tired but also hungry.
5. He was not only abused but also beaten.
6. Both Rocky and his brother are gentle.
7. Both Neha and Rani are good students.
(b) 1. He is either mad or careless.
2. Either come in or go out.
3. Either purchase the pen or leave the shop.
4. Rakhi neither reads nor writes.
5. The boys are neither in the classroom nor in the field.
6. Either she or her mother is wrong.
7. Either tell the truth or be punished.
(c) 1. Make haste otherwise you will be late.
2. Walk carefully or you will fall on the ground.
3. Work hard otherwise you will fail in the examination.
4. Give him some food to eat otherwise he will die of hunger at once.
5. You must go to him for help otherwise he will not help you in future.

Exercise 5.
1. Neeraj stole my pen, therefore he was fined.
2. She is very weak in English still she does not work hard seriously.
3. It is raining heavily so you must take an umbrella with you.
4. My father is tired and he will sleep now.
5. She is poor so she cannot buy precious stones.
6. Though it was very dark yet she went to the market to buy some fruits.
7. The student worked hard yet he failed in the examination.
8. Rahul did not appear in the test, therefore he was fined.

[44] [Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10]

 9. Parveen was found guilty and he was punished.
10. Radha was sick, so she could not go to the park to play.
Exercise 6.
1. I do not know whether he is ill.
2. Nobody knows how the thief escaped.
3. Tell me where you have put my pen.
4. Nobody can doubt that you are a good man.
5. I am sure that she is right.
6. My father told me that the sun moves round the earth.
7. I don’t know whether he is successful.
8. I know why you said so.
9. It was the result of our carelessness that the game was lost.
10. It is true that Karim is dead.
Exercise 7.
1. An old lady who was very greedy had a hen.
2. A tiger who was very proud of his strength hated the weakness of a rat.
3. The police arrested the man who killed a boy.
4. My friend who is a good man gave me a book yesterday.
5. Where is the house in which Hari lived last year ?
6. The boys who waste time should be avoided.
7. Can you tell me when the train will come ?
8. Sonia has bought a watch which gives correct time.
9. The child whose cycle was stolen in the first period was sad.
10. A cottager and his wife had a hen which laid a golden egg everyday.
Exercise 8.
1. You will get good marks if you work hard.
2. I was sleeping in my room when my brother came.
3. My father grew weaker and weaker before he died.
4. It was so cold last night that I could not sleep soundly.
5. When Indira Gandhi was shot dead in 1984, her son Rajiv Gandhi became the
Prime Minister of India.
6. The doctor always comes when he is sent for.
7. As soon as he heard the news he wrote to me.
8. The tiger is not as strong as the lion is.
9. He is so fat that he cannot sit properly.
10. When your letter came I had left Aligarh.
Complete the remaining sentences on this pattern.

[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [45]

Exercise 9.
1. Unless you keep quiet, you will be punished.
2. Though Rohan began late yet he finished first.
3. Dinesh is as strong as Mohan.
4. Deepika was so tired that she could scarcely stand.
5. Where he fled, his successors could not follow him.
6. It was the consequence of his carelessness but that game was lost.
7. The fox, who had never seen a lion before, met him.
8. Besides being a lawyer Suresh was also a leader.
9. As soon as Reena heard the news of her failure she became senseless.
10. My friend came when I was reading a letter.
11. I had left home before your father arrived.
12. I could not follow her because she spoke very slowly.
13. Pay attention to what the teacher says.
14. If you work hard you will be ill.
15. Do you know why the child is weeping ?

Chapter-40 : Punctuation and Capital Letters

Exercise 1.
1. We should be sincere, honest, positive and humble.
2. You are, to say the least, an irresponsible person.
3. It being a holiday, we shall not go out.
4. Do it neatly, correctly and quickly.
5. Anil, bring me a glass of water.
6. Before I saw you, I had spoken to him.
7. He led an industrious, noble, honest and upright life.
8. Laughing, talking, playing and singing we reached home.
9. The longer I live, the more miserable, I shall feel.
10. A Frenchman, Monsieur DuPont, is learning English.
Complete the remaining sentences on this pattern.
Exercise 2.
1. “It is a great pity”, said the ass, “that I have no horns.”
2. “I am going a milking, sire”, she said.
3. The crowd shouted, “Murder ! Murder !”
4. “Keep to the right !” was printed in large letters.
5. “Where are you going, my pretty maid ?” said the doctor.
6. I gave him the money. He pocketed it and went away.
Complete the remaining sentences on this pattern.

[46] [Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10]

Chapter-41 : Do as Directed
Exercise
I. 1. Who does not want to be rich ?
2. No sooner did I see him than he fled.
3. He did not grudge in giving me help.
4. He succeeded in winning the race.
5. Although Neha is rich, she does not help others.
6. If our peon had not been late everyday, he would not have lost his job.
7. Miss Hina’s pupils learn from her to understand different historical events.
8. It is pointless to have that old fan which is not worth repairing.
9. When he had finished his work, he went to play.
10. I wish I had taken my doctor’s advice.
II. 1. I am proud of what I have accomplished.
2. Ganesh is borrowing ` 10,000 from the bank.
3. The Principal denied having said anything about the holiday.
4. Mr Swami taught Karate exercises to Rekha.
5. The money lender deprived him of his land.
6. Veeru is addicted to drinking.
7. I like moving from one place to another.
8. The rough sea prevented the ship from sailing.
9. The mega sales of clothes is an enticement for people.
10. Most of your visits to her are ill-timed.

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[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [47]

 PART - IV : CORRECT USAGE
Chapter-42 : Structure of Sentences
Exercise 1.
1. Wanted, for a nursery class, a teacher with a degree in education.
2. Sitting at my window I saw a number of stars.
3. No sooner did I come than it started raining.
4. Let him come is at once.
5. He is familiar neither with you nor with your brother.
6. The man who met me yesterday was quite clever.
7. Did you act very quickly ?
8. Both of his brothers left him in the lurch.
9. Lend me your book for a day.
10. Some of the things were left in the cupborad.
Exercise 2.
(a) 1. I didn’t see him doing his work.
2. None of us wants to meet her.
3. He doesn’t always mean what he says.
4. We did not build our house in 2009.
5. She has not done her cooking.
(b) 6. Did the man die of cancer ?
7. Did the kite fail to be lifted ?
8. Do many men like sweets ?
9. Is her health deteriorating ?
10. Did it seem that they were in a hurry ?
Exercise 3.
(a) 1. Leave the room at once.
2. Shut the window.
3. Open the door.
4. Stand up on the bench.
5. Take off your shoes at once.
(b) 6. Please help me.
7. Kindly remit my fine.
8. Do not disturb me, please.
9. Please help the poor woman.
10. Please leave this seat.

[48] [Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10]

Chapter-43 : Completing Sentences
Exercise 1.
1. .............. order ..............
2. If ..............
3. .............. accused..............
4. .............. one ..............
5. .............. nice..............
6. .............. as if ..............
7. .............. has ..............
8. .............. but ..............
9. Let .............. as ..............
10. .............. too ..............
Exercise 2.
1. .............. into the well.
2. .............. in the queue.
3. .............. after an hour.
4. Drawing portraits in spare time............... .
5. .............. reach the station on time.
6. .............. in winning a scholarship.
7. .............. of his word.
8. .............. in the park.
9. Unable to bear the heat ..............
10. .............. where to sit.
Exercise 3.
1. .............. when we could not divide the property.
2. When it was quite dark .............. .
3. .............. to submit the admission form.
4. Whether he will help us .............. .
5. .............. when we shall return their money.
6. .............. that his son will pass.
7. .............. which you lent me.
8. .............. which is three storeyed ................ .
9. .............. who plucks flowers from the garden ................ .
10. .............. those who always speak the truth.

[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [49]

Exercise 4.
1. .............. if the life guards had not saved him.
2. .............. if the judgement had been fair.
3. .............. if you don’t want to stumble in the dark.
4. .............. you will not be able to find him.
5. .............. you can join the volunteers.
6. .............. in the evening, come to our residence for a cup of tea.
7. .............. I would not have given him so much money.
8. .............. he would have stumbled over the stony path.
9. .............. he would be a changed man.
10. .............. we will certainly buy it.

Chapter-44. : Agreement of the Verb with the Subject

Exercise 1.
1. brings 2. have 3. is 4. was 5. do
6. is 7. is 8. was 9. were 10. has
11. are 12. are 13. were 14. was 15. have
Exercise 2.
1. is 2. has 3. is 4. are 5. is
6. was 7. is 8. are 9. was 10. was

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[50] [Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10]

 PART - V : COMPOSITION AND COMPREHENSION
Chapter-45 : Notices
Note : Complete format of notice is given in the book Candid New Trends in English
Grammar and Composition :

1. NOTICE
Lost ! Lost ! Lost
A notebook on the subject of chemistry was misplaced
somewhere in the school playground yesterday. Anyone who
happens to find it is requested to hand over the same to the
undersigned or to the office superintendent. The finder will be
given thanks along with a treat.
Sneha
IX A
Roll No. 45

2. NOTICE
Science Exhibition
Our school is organizing a Science Exhibition on Tuesday, the
10th November, 20... in the school auditorium from 10 am to
4 pm in connection with the death anniversary of Ramanujan,
a legendary mathematician. The exhibition will display the
titles of his books and some important papers dealing with his
life and works. All are requested to visit the exhibition and
seek inspiration from such a great scholar.
Ramesh IX B
Secretary, Science, Exhibition.

3. NOTICE
Inter-class Debating Competition
An Inter-class Debating Competition is being conducted
on November 13, 20... in the school auditorium from
11 am onwards. All those students who are interested to
take part in the competition are requested to give their
names to the undersigned in the recess period by 8th of
November positively. Attractive prizes will be awarded to the
participants showing excellent performance.
Mahesh
Secretary, Debating Society

[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [51]

 4. NOTICE
Blood Donation Camp
A Blood Donation Camp is being organized by the Lions
Club of the city on 14th August 20... from 8 am onwards in
the Shymala, Memorial Hall. All the students are requested
to volunteer themselves for this noble cause. They are
also requested to persuade their parents as well as their
neighbours to come forward and donate blood liberally. It may
be clearly explained that blood donation causes no weakness.
Thanks
Arvind
Secretary, Interact Club

5. NOTICE
Cultural Programme
A cultural programme is being organised by the school in the
school hall on 24 November, 20... at 3 p.m. Mr S.D. Sharma,
local SDM, will preside over the function. The students who
are interested in participating in items like folk songs and
dances, fashion show, poetry recitation, skits, etc. should give
their names to the undersigned by 2 November, and report
for rehearsal to the teacher incharge EMA in the school on
3 November at 3 p.m.
Sandeep
Cultural Secretary

6. NOTICE
Donate for a Noble Cause
Recent floods have caused extensive damage in Leh. In order
to help the flood victims, it has been decided to donate money
as well as essential household items.
All the students are requested to donate money, clothes,
household items of daily use liberally by June 12, 20..., and
hand over their donation to Sh. RK Sharma in the General
office during the working hours of the school.
Seema
President, Youth Club

[52] [Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10]

 7. NOTICE
Diwali Mela
The Club has decided to organize Diwali Mela on the eve of
Diwali on 10 November, 20..., in the Lions Bhawan, from
5 p.m. to 10 p.m. The proceeds of the Mela will be donated to
the Prime Minister Relief Fund for the help of flood victims
in Kerala this year. The Mela will have interesting items on
sale, fun games, entertainment shows, etc.
All the members of the club are requested to help in the sale
of tickets available with the undersigned, and contribute to
the success of the function.
N.K. Arora
Secretary, Lions Club

8. NOTICE
A Week-Long Cleanliness Drive
The Students Council of the school has decided to launch a
week-long cleanliness drive around the school premises from
15 to 21 October, 20... All students of class X should enrol for
the drive with the undersigned and actively participate in the
event.
Three prizes to the best volunteers will be awarded at the
Prize Distribution of the school.
Raman
Health Secretary, Students Council

9. NOTICE
Books for Poor Needy Students
Sarvodya Education Society, a charitable organisation, is
planning to distribute books among the poor, needy students
of the school. Such students should drop the list of books they
need in the ‘Box for Books’ kept outside the Principal’s Office
by this weekend.
Aman
Secretary, Cultural Society

[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [53]

 10. NOTICE
Picnic to Pinjore Gardens
It has been decided to arrange a picnic for the students of class
X to Pinjore Gardens on Sunday, 14th December, 20... The
school bus will leave for Pinjore Gardens from the main gate of
the school at 6 a.m. Those who are interested should give their
names to the undersigned and deposit ` 200 each in the office
by 9th December.
Suresh
Head Boy

Chapter-46 : Emails
For complete format of email consult New Trends in English Grammar and Composition :
1. Dear Sir
I am pleased to inform you that after interviewing all the three candidates I have
selected Mr Rohit Sharma for the post of the Secretary. Rohit Sharma is certainly
the best of the lot because he is handsome, active and intelligent. Moreover his
spoken English is much better than that of other two candidates. Academically, too,
he has an edge over other candidates because he is first class in M.A. English from
Panjab University. I am sure he will perform the assigned duties satisfactorily.
Compared with Rohit the other two candidates Mr Anil Gupta and Amit Prashar,
were far inferior. Anil had good academic record but he badly lacked self confidence.
Amit too had good qualifications but sometimes he stammered. That is why I have
selected Rohit Sharma.
With Regards
Kunal
2. Dear Sir
We sincerely feel concerned why our prices quoted in the catalogue have sounded
exorbitant to you. For wholesale dealers like you it will seem out of place to say
that the quality of our products is much better than the apparels available in the
market. Perhaps it has escaped your notice that the embroidery work done on most
of the pieces is exceptional. It is all manually done. Moreover, the best quality cloth
is used. That is why the prices appear to be high, but keeping in view the quality
products the prices are reasonable. We assure you, sir, that the same quality
apparels will not be available at prices quoted by us anywhere in the state.
Sincerely yours
Amit
Manager
[54] [Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10]
 3. Dear Rohit
I am extremely happy that your dream of going abroad has finally come true.
Heartiest congratulations to you.
Going to U.S.A. and studying in one of the best universities there is the dream of
millions of Indians. You are lucky that your hard work has borne fruit. You have
successfully cleared all the tests and you have been selected for doing specialization
in America. I would like to suggest to you that it will be difficult for you to settle
down for some months. Remain firm with your eye all the time on your goal. You
are hard working so I need not say anything about it. But you must be careful
in making new friends there because I feel that company can make or mar your
future. Cultivate the company of good students. I am sure you would succeed in
your mission.
Yours sincerely
Sanjay
4. Dear Amrit
Last week I had a very delightful experience which I want to share with you. I
visited our paternal village Sidhwan. Grandpapa who had come to the city on
an important work gave me an offer to accompany him to the village and stay
there for two or three days. As I was having holidays I readily accepted the offer.
Accordingly we started in the morning and reached Sidhwan before noon. I was
surprised to see the developments there. Many new buildings have come up during
the last two years. What impressed me most was the open atmosphere and the cool
breeze of the month of November. In the evening when we went for the stroll, I
was overjoyed to see the greenery all round. Wherever we went the people who are
extremely amiable greeted us with love. I was really surprised when grandpa told
me that he had a computer and internet connection also. I felt that although much
has changed yet the people of the village are simple, caring and affectionate.
Yours affectionately
Rohit
5. Dear Aman
I do not want to cut short your enjoyments during the winter holidays but I have an
important information to give you. The extra classes in mathematics and physics
which were scheduled to start from the 8th of January have been preponed. Now
these extra classes will start from the 3rd of January. So make it convenient to
reach Jalandhar latest by 2nd of January so that you may not have to miss the
extra classes.
Yours
Sandeep

[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [55]

 6. Dear Ramesh
I am pained to learn that you have been injured in a road accident. I have been
told injuries are not very serious yet you will have to remain confined to bed for 2-3
weeks. Thank God, your life is saved.
As far as I know you are a very cautious driver. The accident must have taken place
due to the negligence of the other party. While we are on road, we have to put up
with the rashness of drivers. While you are confined to bed, do not let negative
thoughts overpower you. Spend your time in reading, writing or watching the T.V.
I pray to God for your speedy recovery.
I shall see you next week.
Yours sincerely
Arvind
7. Dear Mom
You might be waiting for my visit to home during the winter vacation. I too had
been quite keen and enthusiastic to meet you all and share the experiences of my
hostel life with each one of you. But I am compelled to change my plan for the time
being as soon after the winter break class tests in all the subjects are scheduled in
advance which were earlier to take place towards the end of January. This changed
study schedule has necessitated me to postpone my visit to home. Mom, you will
certainly appreciate my programme to stay in the hostel and put heart and soul in
my studies. I am already facing some problems in mathematics and I would like to
make up my deficiency in this subject.
My regards to Papa and love to Sonu and Vibhu.
Subodh
8. Dear Sir
It is a matter of grave concern and worry to see the growing incidents of looting
and snatching in towns and cities. Life has become quite unsafe and uncertain due
to such incidents that take place daily. The old, the women and the children are
scared of the bikers who appear suddenly like hawks and eagles and take away
purses containing valuables like mobiles, or snatch gold chains, earrings of the
ladies. These snatchers are least afraid of the police or the law enforcing agencies
and have their free play and make the vulnerable people their easy prey. The old
persons and the ladies fear to come out of their homes and have to stay put. The
authorities are urged to stem the rot and arm themselves with stringent laws to
make the lives of law abiding citizens safe and secure.
With regards
Kamlesh
9. Dear Sir
It is a matter of grave concern that plastic and other non-biodegradable material,
most harmful to our environment, is still being used on a large scale. Even politicians
use plastic flags and buntings to prepare publicity material. Shopkeepers and
vendors also use plastic bags to sell their goods. Plastic waste is posing great threat
[56] [Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10]
 to our environment. It is toxic in nature. When it is burnt, air is greatly polluted.
When it is consumed by animals they get choked and in many cases die.
Therefore, the ban on the use of plastic must be implemented in right spirit and
very strictly. The offenders must be booked or fined heavily. Plastic can be replaced
with jute or paper. People must be made aware of the harmful effects of plastic.
Kamal Verma
10. Dear Sir
The growing level of corruption in our society should be a matter of concern and
worry to all of us in India. Go to any office, your work has a price tag in addition
to the official feel. Each official work allows the government official to mint money.
If you want to get any document, you will have to grease the palm of some official.
Now there is a network of corrupt officials. An honest worker is either forced out or
he quits on his own. Politicians, especially those in power, indulge in high level and
organised corruption. They have devised fool-proof methods of corrupt practices in
such ways that no one can try them in a court. Unfortunately, even our courts are
not immune to corrupt practices these days.
In order to check corruption, the government will have to implement anti-corruption
laws strictly. The mindset of the people need to be changed. If the bribe is not given,
no one will take it. Those who pamper the corrupt for any reason are as much guilty
as the corrupt.
Ramesh Kumar
Exercise 11 and 12 for class activity.

Chapter-47 : Paragraph Writing

Develop the given points into well-knit paragraphs :
Exercise 1.
1. The best leader of the country
Value Points : l one who leads
l honesty, sincerity
l practical, rational
l does not make empty promises
2. The religious book you like most
Value Points : l The Gita – a great religious book
l practical advice on day-to-day affairs
l ‘do thy duty regardless of fruit’
3. How to get success in our life
Value Points : l proper time management
l focused work
l regularity
l sociability
[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [57]
 4. An unhappy event
Value Points : l birthday at a hotel
l an old man fainted
l taken to hospital, died
l happiness turned into grief
5. A scene at the railway station
Value Points : l hustle and bustle
l hawkers, coolies
l passengers in a hurry to board the train
Exercise 2.
(I) 1. It is work that makes a workman
Value Points : l skilful work necessary to make one a workman
l efficient work necessary
l quality of work matters
2. A little knowledge is a dangerous thing
Value Points : l proper, complete knowledge, a must
l little knowledge leads to wrong, harmful decisions
l should gather as much knowledge as possible
3. A burnt child dreads the fire
Value Points : l one who is hurt by something becomes fearful of that thing
l avoids it, loses confidence
l negative attitude
l fear must be overcome
4. Avarice is the root of all evils
Value Points : l avarice implies a desire to possess wealth in excess
l root of all problems
l man of avarice remains unhappy, dissatisfied
5. Contentment is greatest happiness
Value Points : l things are pursued for happiness
l materialistic possessions – no guarantee for happiness
l happiness comes from contentment
6. Fortune favours the brave
Value Points : l the brave, risky and adventurous
l often succeed in their mission
l fortune often favours them
l the timid never succeed

[58] [Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10]

 7. All that glitters is not gold
Value Points : l appearances often deceptive
l a goodly apple may be rotten at heart
l a beautiful face may hide wickedness
l should go for intrinsic merit
8. Money begets money
Value Points : l the rich become more rich
l money invested doubles, triples
l one who has no money can’t hope to get rich
l the gap between the rich and the poor continue to widen
9. The brave alone deserve the fair
Value Points : l the brave people generally have all good qualities
l help and defend the poor
l deserve everything good and beautiful
l only they can preserve and save the fair
10. Union is strength
Value Points : l unity gives us strength, confidence
l unitedly all obstacles can be removed
l disunity leads to chaos
l no progress and prosperity without unity
11. One flower makes no garland
Value Points : l means that collective efforts make something presentable
l one thing or person matters little
l unitedly anything can be achieved
l we should not act individually or in isolation in important
matters
12. Pure gold does not fear the flame
Value Points : l honest or sincere person fears no test
l honesty makes one fearless of all difficulties
l if one is above board, one cannot be harmed
l so be honest in life
Exercise 3.
(I) Develop the given outlines into well-knit paragraphs.
(II) Develop the given points into well-knit paragraphs.
1. Value Points : l people in a long queue to enter the gate
l security check
l an announcement being made for a pilot repeatedly
l aeroplane being checked by the maintenance staff

[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [59]

 2. Value Points :train journey from Rohini to New Delhi Rly. Station in Metro
l

Rajdhani Express
l comfortable seats, good catering
l two passengers quarrelled with a waiter
l the train stopped at every station
3. Value Points : l visited MBD Mall, a huge building
l saw people doing shopping
l shops selling all kinds of goods
l canteen and a PVR cinema on the last floor
4. Value Points : l One day cricket match between India and Pakistan
l India elected to bat, scored 320 runs
l Pakistan batted well for some time, but could score only 275
l India won by 45 runs
5. Value Points : l quarrel between two women
l accused and abused each other
l husbands joined in quarrel
l pounced on each other, shrieks and cries
6. Value Points : l Witnessed old classical movie ‘Pyasa’
l theme selfishness
l melodious music
l acting of Guru Dutt excellent
7 to 10 : For practice in the class.

Chapter-48 : Letter Writing

Personal Letters
Exercise 1.
1. Value Points : l will come to receive you
l will be waiting at the main exit of the railway station
l in case we don’t meet, come to 100 D Lajpat Nagar
l the house is near Bank of Baroda
2. Value Points : l brother, R.K. Joshi, coming to stay with you, as planned
l my brother, simple, large-hearted, reserved
l will reach you on this Saturday at 7 pm
l will be a good guest, quiet, helpful and cooperative
3. Value Points : l the number of accidents growing
l the government taking urgent steps
l the stringent measures against the offenders of traffic rules
l all old vehicles will soon be off the roads

[60] [Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10]

 4. Value Points : l my stay with you wonderful, thanks
l enjoyed the local dance very much
l relished home–made food
l can’t forget the long walks along the canal
5. Value Points : l have to pay fee of ` 700 by 7th
l have to purchase some books also
l please send ` 2000 at the earliest
l will spend the money judiciously
6 and 7 : For practice in the class
Formal Letters
Exercise 2.
1. Value Points : l want to visit Dubai with my family, for one week
l please intimate packages offered by you
l lodging and boarding arrangement
l provision for sight seeing
2. Value Points : l want to lodge a complaint
l refuse being dumped on one side of the road
l quite close to our house, foul smell
l fear of spreading of diseases
l request you to get the rubbish cleared
3. Value Points : l holding a musical competition in our school on 15th March,
20....
l request you to act as one of the judges
l more than twenty artists and singers participating
l shall be thankful to you
4. Value Points : l bought from you a Titan match
l does not keep correct time, replace it
l defect within warranty period
l photo copy of bill attached
5. Value Points : l a group of our students, want to visit your factory
l doing mechanical engineering
l to gain practical knowledge, how machines function
l intimate time and date for the visit
6 and 7 : For practice in the class
Exercise 3.
1. Value Points : l applying for the post of an office assistant in response to your
advertisement
l graduate from Punjab University
l have good knowledge of English and Arithmetic
l if selected, work hard to the satisfaction of one and all
[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [61]
 2. Value Points : l law and order gravely deteriorating
l sense of insecurity due to looting and snatching
l thefts increased
l traffic disorderly, accidents take place
l urgent steps need to be taken
3. Value Points : l applying for the post of a teacher
l M.A., B.Ed.
l having two years’ experience in a public school
l assure you that I will prove to be an asset to the institution
4. Value Points : l will be happy to know that didi has been engaged to a nice boy
l very good family settled in Canada
l boy’s father extremely gentle
l hope didi will be happy
5. Value Points : l greatly elated that you have been elected an MP
l heartiest congratulations
l hope you will prove to be very helpful to your state
l what are your future plans ?

Chapter-49 : Personal Writing

Exercise
Develop the following value points and complete the answer.

1. l greatest achievement, passed M.D. examination
l fully satisfied, hardwork bore fruit

l fulfilled the ambition of my father
l shall serve the sick and the suffering humanity all my life
2. l mother seriously ill
l had to join the service, father compelled me to go
l was confident that mother would recover soon
l went and joined the service, mother expired
l could not see her at the time of death, saddest moment
3. l going to Uttarkashi from Rishikesh
l car broke down at midnight, no help from any quarter
l deep dark forest, found a broken room with a verandah
l entered through the window, spent the night there
l howling of wind and growling of wild beasts, most dangerous night

[62] [Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10]

 4. my mathematics teacher, gave a test
l

most difficult questions, a challenge

l

l solved all sums, got 100% marks

l teacher praised me, gave me a book, reward
l happiest day of my life, others envied me
5. l lived in village Shivala since birth
l a power station to be set up, ordered to move
l given a plot in a neighbouring village
l very sad, days spent in my village unforgettable
6. l though ninety, have a will to live
l my autobiography, yet not complete
l physically weak, but mentally quite alert
l desire to see it published, the essence of my life
7 to 10 : For practice in the class

Chapter-50 : Factual Descriptions and Giving Instructions

Exercise
Develop the following value points and complete the answer.
1. (i) l Ram Lal, a middle aged man
l duty conscious, punctual
l rings the bell on time
l serves notices to teachers, soft spoken
(ii) l Hardyal Library, situated in centre of the school campus.
l double storeyed, open shelf system
l books on all subjects, arranged section wise
l latest magazines, newspapers
(iii) l visited MBD Mall
l double storeyed, air conditioned
l various sections for different items
l a canteen, place to sit and take refreshment
(iv) l a handy device, most useful in emergency
l to be in touch with friends and relatives
l internet service, source of entertainment
l Google and U-tube very helpful
(v) l going to school, saw two women in a rickshaw
l one of them talking on mobile phone
l two boys on motorbike, snatched the chain from her neck
l woman fell from rickshaw, minor injuries
l case reported at nearest police station.
[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [63]
 2. l Mumbai a big city, unlike Ludhiana
l crime and insecurity
l be cautious, no interactions with strangers
l keep mobile with helpline numbers ready
3. (i) l wash the chicken pieces well
l put in cooker, add water, put it on the gas stove
l prepare gravy with onions, tomato etc.
l mix the boiled chicken in gravy
(ii) l made life difficult for a common man
l prices very high, vegetables, cereals, not available
l hoarding and black marketing
l government should take steps to check price rise
(iii) l take a little milk in kettle, put it on gas stove
l let it boil, add sugar
l beat half a tea-spoon of coffee in a cup of milk
l add in boiling milk
4. (i) l give him medicine on time
l cover him with woollen cloth, if it is winter
l give him a pillow, to make him comfortable
(ii) l ask him where he wants to go
l tell him the shortest route, walk with him some distance
l show him the signboards
(iii) l ask the public, not to act as police authority
l ask the man to prove his innocence
l be sympathetic and considerate
5. (i) l Apna Park in J.P. Nagar
l quite big, rectangular plot
l games for children
l beautiful flower-beds, benches and seats
(ii) l situated in a big hall
l eighteen cabins with computers
l facility of internet and printing
l favourite haunt of young boys and girls
(iii) l V. Mart in the heart of the city
l three-storeyed building with lifts, air conditioned
l different sections for different items
l a canteen, comfortable place to sit and take refreshment

[64] [Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10]

Chapter-51 : Planning Compositions
Exercise
1. Early morning sounds in a village
Value Points : l pleasing sounds of birds’ chirpings
l sounds of conchshells, temple bells
l priests praying to Gods
l sounds of oxen teams departing for fields
2. Mending a Bicycle Tyre Puncture
Value Points : l deflate the tyre
l immerse the tube into water to know the leakage point
l fix an adhesive tape on the leakage
l fix the tube into the tyre and the tyre on to the bicycle
l inflate the tyre tube
3. Television is harmful to society
Value Points (Against the statement) :
l not harmful to society
l a source of information and entertainment
l life unthinkable without TV
l bad programmes should be banned, of course
4. An important day in my life
Value Points : l the first day in a famous school in Delhi
l happy and excited
l attended all classes
l two classmates became friends
l teachers very encouraging
l determined to score high in all exams
5. Is life in the city preferable to life in the country ?
Value Points : l city life preferable
l villages lack essential facilities
l city life hectic but essential for progress and prosperity
l no dearth of schools, colleges, hospitals, shopping malls, etc.
6. How do you hope to continue your education when you leave school ?
Value Points : l hope to join a college
l father will like and encourage
l may get a merit scholarship
l will try to do some part-time work so as not to burden Father
too much
7 to 10 : For practice in the class
[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [65]
Chapter-52 : The Narrative Compositions
Exercise 1
Develop the following value points and complete the answer.
1. Value Points : l enjoyed a long car drive, Shimla to Chandigarh
l moonlit night, silence on the roads
l lovely hill road, moving in zig-zag way
l mysteriously charming, memorable experience
2. Value Points : l parents left me home alone
l could not go with them because of examination
l made tea, brought food from a dhaba
l asked a friend to sleep at night
l studied and did the paper well
3. Value Points : l reached home from Shimla
l found the suitcase missing
l tried to remember where it could have been stolen
l lodged a report with the police at Kalka
l after a week the suitcase was found and the thief arrested
4. Value Points : l got and accepted the challenge to become a good swimmer
l was timid by nature
l could not enter water for some days
l a trainer came to my help
l taught swimming very cleverly
l was able to swim after a month
l happy to meet the challenge
5. Value Points : l Sushma proved to be very brave
l fire in a neighbour’s house
l a child got trapped, no one ready to rescue him
l Sushma jumped in, entered the flames by wrapping herself
l brought the child out
l got some burns but was happy
6 to 15 : For practice in the class

Chapter-53 : Descriptive Compositions

Develop the following value points and complete the answer.
1. Value Points : l Shaheed Kanwaljit Park,
l named after a brave pilot, lost his life in war
l quite big, rectangular plot
[66] [Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10]
 l games for children, spring, colourful lights
l beautiful flower beds, benches and seats
l pathway for morning walkers
2. Value Points : l Delhi railway station
l quite big and busy
l rush of passengers on all platforms
l mixture of voices all the time
3. Value Points : l Model Town market – a busy market
l showrooms of most of the well-known companies
l a number of eateries
l hub of all activities
l The popular destination of all youngsters
4. Value Points : l Mrs Sudesh, a distant aunt
l 70, a queer, stern lady, too much interfering
l has visited all parts of India
l quarrels with Father and Mother frequently
5. Value Points : l arrived at my friend Ramesh’s house
l located on the cool road, near the main market, faces a big park
l received by Ramesh and his family warmly
l was given a separate, well-furnished room to stay
l felt at home
6 to 10 : For practice in the class

Chapter-54 : Argumentative Compositions

Exercise
Develop the following value points and complete the answer.
1. l advice and guidance of the elderly persons available
l love and security to the younger ones
l some elderly persons, moody, eccentric
l too much interference in the lives of others
2. l animals, very much like humans
l have feelings, love and hate others
l should not be used for medical research
l useful creatures should not be used for experimentation
3. l disagree with this
l not a waste of time
l very essential to sweeten the course of life
l make life happy and enjoyable

[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [67]

 4. l disagree with it
l sports events, awaken interest in sports
l sports and games, very necessary, develop team spirit
l improve health, physical fitness, essential for progress in life
5. l certainly, science changed the face of the world.
l life very comfortable, air conditioners, LCD’s, mobiles
l improvements in transport and communication
l life comparable to life of angels
6. l best things in life
l sunlight, water, air
l given by God in plenty
l can make life easy
7 to 15 : For practice in the class.

Chapter-55 : Telling a Story

Exercise 1.
1 & 2 : For practice in the class.
Exercise 2.
Develop the given value points and complete the answer.

(a) We were just about to board the plane when .....
Value Points : l an announcement about a possible planting of a bomb in the
plane made
l all of us rushed towards the lounge
l anxious moments
l no bomb found
l the passengers began to board the plane
l a sudden explosion
l some passengers got injured, I was lucky to escape unharmed
(b) How foolish I was to believe that young man’s story .....
Value Points : l believed the young man’s sad story
l gave him ` 500 to return to his village
l promised to return the money at the earliest
l one year passed – no money received
l one day saw the same young man
l telling the same story to someone else
3 to 4 : For practice in the class

[68] [Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10]

 2. (a) Avarice is the root of all evils
Value Points : l Ram Kumar greedy, wanted to become rich overnight
l did not want to work hard
l started gambling, became rich, started drinking, murdering
for money
l set up his own gambling business – which was illegal
l got arrested, red-handed
(b) A little knowledge is a dangerous thing
Value Points : l Sham read a book on home remedies and ayurvedic
medicines
l started treating patients, initial success
l made tall claims
l gave false hopes to a TB patient, gave wrong medicines
l patient died, got arrested
(c) Cut your coat according to your cloth
Value Points : l Mukesh, a junior clerk, ambitious
l bought a house, car and many costly things on bank loans
l EMIs higher than his income
l failed to pay back the loan
l the bank took away all the things
l Mukesh worse than before
3. (a) Both sadness and happiness; but the story must end happily
Value Points : l went to see my result of XII, topped in the board exam.
l came home, broke the news, mother in stairs, overjoyed
l slipped and fell down, taken to hospital
l no fracture, minor injury came back happily
(b) Value Points : l a youngman went to fair, with son, four year old and pet
dog.
l son felt hungry, went to bring milk
l a kidnapper, to kidnap the boy, put hankerchief on mouth.
l dog sensed his intention, barked, pounced on him boy
saved
3 to 4 : For practice in the class
4. (a) On his way to school .................
Value Points : l a boy found a book, took it up
l belonged to a boy of another school
l after the school, went to that school, deposited book in
office
l headmaster praised him for good gesture

[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [69]

 (b) Value Points : l mother came and woke me up .........
l told me father was coming back from Mumbai
l got ready, went to the station, to welcome him
l train came on time, very happy to meet Father
l Father brought presents for each one of us.
(c) For practice in the class

Chapter 56 : Picture Compositions

Exercise.
Develop the following value points and complete the answer.
1. l presents the scene of a flooded city
l citizens trying to reach some safe place
l submerged cars and buses, a man sitting on the bonnet of his car
l a man walking through the water, a baby on his back
l seems, it will take a day or two for the water to come down
2. l presents the scene of a roadside bazaar
l a woman wants to buy a suit piece
l a boy is playing with a ball
l a man sitting on the ground is selling some vegetables
l near him a woman is also selling something
l a man is pointing to the picture of a woman
3. l a patient is lying on the operation table
l doctors and nurses, busy operating on him
l ECG machine, showing condition of the heart of the patient
l the patient, being well attended will survive.
4. l child labour, a big curse
l in the picture, one child is carrying buckets of water
l another child is walking with a big sack on his head
l still another child is washing utensils
l the fourth child is collecting water
l something must be done to stop child labour
Pictures 5 to 14 for practice in the class.

Chapter-57 : Dialogue Writing

Exercise.
1. Between a customer and a shopkeeper regarding bad quality of goods purchased
Shopkeeper : What can I do for you, sir ?
Customer : I have come to return these apples to you.

[70] [Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10]

 Shopkeeper : When did you buy them ?
Customer : I bought them yesterday. I paid you ` 200 for 2 kg.
Shopkeeper : What is wrong with these apples ?
Customer : They are all rotten.
Shopkeeper : They look quite good. How can you say they are rotten ?
Customer : When I cut open two apples, they were completely rotten from
inside.
Shopkeeper : Normally we don’t take back the fruit once sold. You can take any
other fruit in exchange.
Cutomer : Give me oranges then.
Shopkeeper : All right.
2. Between a bank officer and a customer regarding loan.
Customer : I have bought a plot and I want to take loan for building a house.
Bank officer : Where is your plot ?
Customer : It is in Krishna Nagar.
Bank officer : Is it an approved colony ?
Customer : Yes, sir, it is approved.
Bank officer : How much money do you want as loan ?
Customer : Sir, I want twenty lakhs as loan.
Bank Officer : How big is your plot ?
Cutomer : It is 30’ × 60’, approximately, nine marlas.
Bank officer : You can get loan but you will have to pawn the registration papers.
They will remain with the bank.
Customer : Yes, I know that. When should I come for loan.
Bank officer : You can come tomorrow.
3. Between two friends after vacation.
Sohan : Hello Manu, how are you ?
Manu : I am fine Sohan. It’s a pleasure to meet you after vacation.
Sohan : How did you spend the vacation ? Did you go anywhere ?
Manu : We went to Shimla for a week only. Rest of the holidays I spent at
home.
Sohan : What have you been doing at home ?
Manu : As you know my habit, I finished the homework in two weeks,
Then I studied two novels of Hardy - ‘Tess’ and ‘The Mayor of
Casterbridge.’
Sohan : That’s great. But I could practically do nothing during holdiays.
Manu : Why do you say that ?
Sohan : My father was not well and I had to help him at the shop.
Manu : That’s not bad. You helped your father.

[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [71]

 4. Between two friends on the topic of improving spoken English.
Nisha : Hello Rani, where are you coming from ?
Ravi : I am coming from Punjab Arts College.
Nisha : Why did you go there ?
Ravi : In fact I have joined this college for improving my spoken English.
Nisha : What is your problem ?
Ravi : As you know I have not studied in English medium school. I find it
difficult to speak English in the company of my friends.
Nisha : For that you must develop the habit of speaking in English even at
home.
Ravi : I can’t do that. My family members are not much educated.
Nisha : In that case in the company of your friends you should do that.
Ravi : That, I shall try to do.
5. Between an immigration consultant and a student on getting study visa for
Canada.
Pawan : May I come in, Sir ?
Consultant : Yes, come in. Please be seated. What can we do for you ?
Pawan : Sir, I have come to you to seek your consultation. I want to study
abroad. I want study visa for Canada.
Consultant : What is your qualification ?
Pawan : I have done B.Sc with non-medical subjects and I have got 78%
marks.
Consultant : Have you passed IELTS examination.
Pawan : Yes, I have done that.
Consultant : What do you want to study in Canada ?
Pawan : I want to do post graduation there.
Consultant : We can help you in getting admission in Canada.
Pawan : What will be your charges.
Consultant : We charge only 5 lakhs.
6 to 10 for practice in the class.

Chapter-58 : Comprehension Skills

Exercise 1.
1. (a) moving in a steady way
(b) trapped in a particular place because a lot of snow has fallen
(c) a long narrow strip of hard ground that an aircraft takes off and lands on
2. (a) The Lincoln International Airport was functioning with difficulty as the entire
Midwestern United States had been hit by the meanest and roughest winter storm.

[72] [Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10]

 (b) The flight of the United Airlines was delayed because its food truck loaded with two
hundred dinners, was lost in the snow and could not be located.
(c) One runway was out of use as it was blocked by an Air Mexican jet and its wheels
were struck in the waterlogged ground.
(d) The Air Traffic instituted flow control procedure and limited the volume of incoming
traffic from adjoining air route centres.
(e) Twenty incoming flights were orbiting overhead on account of the lack of landing
facility as the runway was already crammed.
3. Passengers were put to great inconvenience due to delayed or cancelled flights. The
entire area was piled with baggage. The officers entrusted with the smooth flow of air
traffic were on their toes all the time chalking out strategies to avoid chaos. They were
issuing instructions to check the incoming traffic from the adjoining air route centres.
They were making frantic efforts to ensure smooth flow of traffic.
Exercise 2.
(a) (i) state of needing help and support
(ii) harsh (iii) bad tempered
(b) (i) It does not know what to do with its knowledge.
(ii) Man’s extreme dependence on machines has made him a slave. He spends most of
his time in maintaining them. Now they have become his masters.
(iii) They will grow sulky, refuse to work or burst with rage, spread ruin and destruction.
if not properly maintained.
(iv) We do very little with the time which the machines have saved for us. At the most
we engage ourselves in making more and better machines to give us more energy.
(v) According to the author, being civilized means making and liking beautiful things,
thinking freely, living rightly and maintaining justice equally between man and
man.
(c) Man can make this world a better place to live on by being more civilized and cultured.
By creating more and more beautiful things and thinking freely and positively, he can
establish justice, peace and harmony between man and man. He has less fear and less
to fight against. We can occupy his mind in making further exploration of the universe.
By removing poverty and wars, he can ensure lasting civilization.
Exercises 3 to 5 : For practice in the class.

Chapter-59 : Summary Writing

1. Life in Arabia
Life in Arabia is hard. A great part of Arabia is sand and rock, though there are oasis
here and there where trees grow, providing cool shady places. The Arabians living in
deserts put up tents which can be removed from one oasis to another. These Arabians

[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [73]

 eat ripe, sweet figs and dates. An Arab is proud to keep and ride finest horses in the
world. He never puts heavy loads upon them. The camel is even more useful than
a horse here for the camel can do without water for miles together. Therefore, he is
called the ‘Ship of the Desert.’
2. Rousing Reception to Columbus
Ferdinand and Isabella, along with the nobility, assembled at Barcelona to greet
Columbus and his men for their stupendous achievements. His men marched at the
head of the procession, their bodies adorned with gold necklaces and pearls, along
with the treasures collected on different shores. All eyes were focused on Columbus
for his discovery, who appeared like a prophet. The King and the Queen made him sit
at level with themselves. They were moved to tears in gratitude, in thanks giving for
his great conquest.
3. Rip Van Winkle
Once there lived a man named Rip Van Winkle in North America. He was by nature
very simple, kind and gentle. A favourite of children and wives of the village, Rip
used to make plaything, for children. He preferred idleness to a life of hectic
activity. Happily he assisted his neighbours and ran errands for village women. A
selfless person that Rip was, he attended to other person’s business except his own.
Uninterrupted he would have enjoyed his idleness but his wife always taunted him
for his idleness. In reply to his wife’s chiding he would always keep quiet. Rip’s only
friend was his dog, Wolf.
4. The Value of Firm Resolution
A man of indecision continually hesitating, to do or not to do, fails to achieve
anything in life. A man of weak resolution, who fluctuates from plan to plan, too fails
to progress in life, only a man of firm resolution makes progress in life. Such a man
plans wisely and executes his plans well. Undismayed by difficulties, he succeeds in
achieving his goal.
Passage 5–10 : For practice in the class.

_______________

ICSE SPECIMEN PAPER - 2019

Q.1. (a) Lost and Found
Rohit was a promising young boy of 16. His father Mehar Chand was a
prosperous business man. He dealt in sugar and had Rohit admitted in a
reputed school of the town. Rohit’s teachers, friends and relatives spoke well of
him as he distinguished himself in sports and studies. He was well-built, smart
and a disciplined boy. He was the beloved of all for his amiable nature and
noble qualities.

[74] [Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10]

 Time went on well with him. As he passed his high school and got admission
in a college he began to show signs of laxity in behaviour. Some fair weather
friends of his tempted him to smoke which at first fascinated him. Soon he took
to more smoking until he fell a prey to drugs. It was a matter of deep concern to
his parents. His mother was almost in tears when she found Rohit neglecting
his studies and wandering in the company of bad boys. All efforts to dissuade
him from evil ways were vain. Rohit began to cut classes and failed in the
House Examination. This was too much for his parents. They thought that the
good Rohit is lost to them.
But his parents did not lose hope. They consulted the school counsellor who too
tried his best to bring Rohit to the right path, but in vain. With the passage of
time Rohit fell into the trap of the drug trafficers. It appeared he was beyond
redemption.
Still all was not lost. Once he was caught red-handed while carrying some drug.
He was put in a juvenile home where as good luck would have it, he met a
person whose story moved Rohit a lot. Then and there Rohit resolved that he
too would turn a new leaf in life and become once again a person of whom all
his near and dear ones would be proud. He appealed to the juvenile court with
a promise to change the course of his life.
The court took soft view of his crimes and gave him a chance to return to the
mainstream. His parents were elated as they had found whom they had lost.
The prodigal son had returned home.
(b) Democracy cannot survive without education
For
It has been rightly said that eternal vigilance is the price of liberty. We can also
add to this that democracy-a form of government by the people, for the people and
of the people, cannot be successful or useful if the people are not educated. The
uneducated people behave and act so gullibly that the self-seeking politicians
make them their easy prey and enact laws which are ultimately detrimental to
the interests and welfare of the common people.
Though democracy has been described as the best form of government and
most of the countries boast of being the greatest democracies in the world,
yet if we analyse the functioning of democracy in any country, people behave
as indisciplined lot and resort to strikes, arson and loot on flimsy grounds.
Does it mean that democracies have failed ? No, not surely. The system needs
to be overhauled. Democracy best functions where the people who elect their
representatives are fully enlightened. Only educated people can understand
the hidden designs of the government and its functionaries. Any proposal that
is to be enacted into law must be discussed threadbare at the public forum of
the intellectuals and true nationalists.
Democracy in the hands of uneducated persons can spell disaster and misery
only. Not only should the ministers and other functionaries be educated, the
[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [75]
 public at large should also be enlightened so that the welfare state should
contribute significantly to providing happiness, comforts and advancement of
morals and character. This alone can assure the success of democracy. When
the people are wide awake as regards their rights and responsibilities, the
common good cannot be a dream but a reality.
(c) Sights and Sounds Experienced in a School Bus
Being a regular traveller in the school bus provides an opportunity to enjoy
the sights and sounds if one keeps eyes and ears open. Our surroundings open
before us vistas of beauty and experience only if we have the heart and mind to
get lost in them. Whereas the sights and sounds each day vary and afford a lot
of thrill, some of them leave an indelible impression on our minds because of
their uniqueness.
As I board my bus for back home, I find parents and guardians of some of the
students waiting for their wards to take them home in their private vehicles.
But some students like me are huddled into the bus and jostle for seats near the
windows, so that the outside sights and sounds on the way keep them engaged
and the journey, which otherwise may be boring, comes to an enjoyable end.
As I often manage to occupy the seat near the window, I find the entire
commuting time smooth and interesting. As the bus leaves the school premises
and passes the first crossing. I invariably hear the honking of the horns, and
deafening noise if there is red light signal. I see many pedestrians on the foot
path carrying their umbrellas for protection against rain or sunshine. The
bikers are always found overtaking the autorickshaws and cars driven by
elderly persons. At various drop-points the bus stops and the attendant hands
over the commuter concerned to the guardian who is already standing at the
site waiting for the child. They are mostly ladies or elderly persons who come
to receive the wards. As the bus goes on with its onward journey, I see trees
rurming behind and many stray dogs chasing the vehicles. At certain points
some stray animals are seen suddenly coming near the speeding vehicle and
have a narrow escape. All these sights and sounds on the way home are a
source of learning different aspects of life. The leaves of the book of life keep
on turning arresting my attention on them. I derive a lot of satisfaction while
commuting from school to home waiting for my parents also to receive me at the
fixed point.
(d) My First Day at the New School
4th of April 20.....is an unforgettable day of my school career when on the
transfer of my father from Meerut to Ahmedabad. I had to join the Dayanand
Model School for my 11th standard. I was both excited and nervous on this
day as I began to entertain hopes and fears of different kinds. Ahmedabad is a
much bigger city as compared to Meerut, and the school I was going to join and
study in Ahmedabad equally larger and more famous for academics, sports and
other activities.

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 As soon as I entered the portals of the school, the huge and imposing building
thrilled my heart. I felt as if I had entered a new world. The cleanliness of
the surroundings drew admiration from my heart. I began to imagine that the
atmosphere for studies would also be greatly conducive to the advancement of
my career and character. At one glance I could realize that the students here
seemed to be quite disciplined and well-mannerd, cooperative and sympathetic.
The thing that was most different here was the attitude of the teachers. The
English teacher spoke in such a pleasing accent and with thoroughness of
knowledge that it was a treat to be in his class. Likewise, our mathematics
teacher could make even knotty problems appear easy. His subject could
no longer be dreaded any more. The other teachers also exhibited their
sympathetic and helpful attitude. The library and the canteen were also well
equipped and well maintained. The computer class with Wi-fi facility kept me
spell bound.
At the end of the day I felicitated myself on my entry into a brave new world
promising a great career to me.
(e) Child Labour
The existence of child labour in India is indeed a crime against humanity.
We find millions of children working in fields and factories, on street corners
and in garbage dumps, in private houses and in public houses. The fields
employing children include agriculture, manufacturing, construction and
transport industries and many other services. Children are employed at bidi
manufacturing centres, restaurants and dhabas, in carpet industry, bangle
and hosiery, and almost all tribal areas. Small children are engaged in various
activities like shoe-shining, selling newspapers and other articles at dangerous
road crossings. Such children are obliged to live on streets and pavements, in
squalid and unhygienic slums.
This is a sad scenario. The period of innocence and merry making is being
robbed from the children. It is but natural that we should ask why the problem
still exists. There are various factors that account for the child labour in the
society. Poverty is the main cause for the prevalence and persistence of child
labour. Large number of dependent children, parental illiteracy, unstable and
low income are some of the reasons for children taking to labour than studying.
In certain cases many children work not because of poverty but because of
pressure from parents to earn more just to meet their various addictions.
Moreover, the increasing industrialization and urbanization and rising
materialistic aspirations add to the increasing number of children working in
different fields.
Several constitutional and administrative measures have been taken at
international and national levels to better the lot of the children working in
factories and other fields and ultimately to eradicate child labour. Both the
Indian Constitution and the International Labour Organisation want a human
[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [77]
 child should be provided fair opportunities to enjoy the pleasures of learning
and play at least till he or she completes 14 years of age. But it is sad to know
that there are just Utopian wishes and ideas.
According to one estimate, there are 50 million child labourers in India. Such
children are denied opportunities for growth, development learning health care,
recreation, especially in the absence of any organization or union to look after
their needs, wages and aspirations. As a result, they are most low paid and
uncared for workers in the labour market. The tender minds and bodies of the
such children can hardly withstand the strenuous labour they are subjected to.
The result is disastrous. Soon they start suffering from asthma, tuberculosis,
skin diseases, etc. They start taking to intoxicants and fall an easy prey to drug
peddlers.
It is a high time all the governments the world over rose to the occasion and
did some concrete and substantial work to ameliorate the lot of such children
before it is too late.
Q.2. (a) 30, Gupta Colony
Ludhiana
Feb 8, 20....
Dear Rama
I missed you a lot on the occasion of the interschool drama competition that took
place two days ago. I have learnt that you were confined to bed due to malaria
during this week, and therefore you failed to enjoy the cultural programme the
highlight of which was the drama competition in which many schools all over
the state represented with their teams.
It gives me a great thrill and pleasure to inform you that the cultural week
was a great success. Though the teams from most of the schools won accolades
from the audience, I feel proud to tell that I was judged the best actor in the
competition. Our play was based on the social evil of drug addiction. I played
the role of a victim woman suffering poignantly at the hands of a drug addict
who proved to be a good-for-nothing fellow given to too much drinking and
intoxicants. My role brought tears into the eyes of the spectators and won me
huge applause.
The chief guest, The Deputy Commissioner, commended my role and presented
to me the trophy for the best role in the play. Naturally I was on the seventh
heaven of joy. My heart knew no bounds. Everyone wanted to compliment me.
How I wish you were there to share my joy and pleasure ! I am sure you must
have felt proud of the achievement I won. I pray for your speedy recovery and
hope to see you in a couple of days.
Yours sincerely
Aisha

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 (b) Sheetal Villa
4 Model Town
Karnal
August. 4, 20.....
The Station Master
Karnal
Sir
Subject : Loss of suitcase
I regret to inform you that I lost my dark grey suitcase bearing my name today,
the 4th of August 20.... as I got off the Garib Rath at 2 pm on platform no 2.
There was a heavy rush in the train. Besides the suitcase, I was carrying a
briefcase and a small bag. As the train stops just for two minutes, I forgot to
pick up my suitcase. With great diffculty could I get down the train. No sooner
did the train leave the platform than I remembered that I had forgotten to pick
up my suitcase. But it was too late.
Sir, I request you to issue instructions to the guard as well as the running
attendant staff of coach no C-5. I was occupying seat no 30 in the compartment.
If you speak to the guard at once, he might help in locating the suitcase and
keep it in the custody of the nearest railway station master.
I am hopeful that you will sincerely take pains to locate the suitcase which
contains many important documents.
Thank you
Yours truly
Rajat

Q.3. (a) Children’s Club, Simla

NOTICE
1st September 20......
Teachers Day Celebrations
Teachers Day is being celebrated on the 5th of September by the Children’s
Club Saraswati Vihar, Simla to honour and pay due regards to the teachers
who are really the nation builders and the strong pillars of society. The
programme will throw light on the contribution made by the teachers.
Speeches, a one-act play and dance competition by the little ones will be the
highlights of the progamme. All are requested to grace the occasion with
their benign presence.
Ramesh (President Children’s Club)

[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [79]

 (b) From ramesh childrens club@gmail.com
Date 02 : 09 : 17 16 : 09 : 45
To gmanagersmarket@yahoo.com
Subject sponsorship request
Sir
The Children’s Club Saraswati Vihar, Simla is celebrating the Teachers Day
at 11 am on the 5th of September 20..... in the Park of the Colony. On behalf
of the club I have the honour and privilege to seek your help and cooperation
in celebrating this occasion in a big way so that the significant contribution
made by the teachers in moulding the character and careers of numberless
people is highlighted. I seek your permission to display the printed notice
of the event at various points of the Supermarket for the enlightenment
of the public. It will be a matter of great pride and pleasure if you could
sponsor the event so that the Teacher’s Day is celebrated befitting the status
and pride of the teachers, the great pillars of society. You are requested to
lend your financial and moral support, a great lover of education as you are
famous for.
With regards.
Ramesh
President Children’s Club Simla
Q.4. (a) (i) amusing activity
(ii) weak and thin
(iii) excitement
(b) (i) The Vakils were one of the first Bombay families to build holiday cottages
on the Thul beach. But now they were too old and weak to come there quite
often.
(ii) The house was more suited to the De Silvas who were young and energetic
and seemed heartily to enjoy life on the beach.
(iii) Pinto was a dog that barked at the unfamiliar sight of a car and stranger.
(iv) There was a commotion in the marshy creek, with herons, egrets, king-
fishers and workers flapping into the dense greenery in the natural
surroundings.
(v) Hari thinks that Bombay is a much better place to live in than the beach
house here. He feels that life in Bombay must be more exciting.
(c) With the arrival of the De Silvas to the white bungalow, life changed for the
better for the family and the little hut in the neighbourhood. Immediately there
was a lot of noisy activity, all kind of excitement and expectations. There was
a scope of great deal of work to be done, employment to be had and wages to be
earned.
[80] [Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10]
Q.5. (a) (1) pulled up (2) observing (3) built
(4) had forgotten (5) were (6) had made
(7) stared (8) remembering
(b) (i) under (ii) of (iii) during
(iv) down (v) away (vi) for
(vii) on (viii) over
(c) (i) He came first in the race because he practised every day.
(ii) Her eyesight was affected for she did such intricate embroidery.
(iii) Molly has a very good vocabulary because she reads a lot.
(iv) When they broke open door, they saw everything was in mess.
(d) (i) ........... she would lend her the book the next day.
(ii) He was scolded by the teacher for coming late.
(iii) ........... hot to hold the P.T. period.
(iv) ........... was her song over than I knew that she had won the competition.
(v) Our school sent better exhibit to the Town Hall than any other school.
(vi) ........... above eighteen were allowed into the hall.
(vii) No sooner did the bell ring than the children ran out.
(viii) They were asked for the combination of all their ideas into one document.

EVERGREEN SPECIMEN PAPER

Q.1. Develop the given hints into your complete answer.
(a) l my uncle, my role model
l doctor by profession, extremely honest in profession
l never gives false hope, never overcharges
l visits the homes of the sick on death bed, charges no fee
l my Sanskrit teacher, very religious and dutiful
l good knowledge of scriptures and religious
l attaches more importance to cultivation of moral values
l wants his students to be honest, truthful, and patriots
(b) l husband and wife, always poles apart
l men from Mars, women from Venus
l men adventurous, daring, scheming, calculating
l dominating, aggressive, assertive, manipulating
l women, delicate, beauty - conscious, kind, gentle
l emblem of love, self sacrifice, compassion
(c) l wit and humour the trait of our family
l father always sparkling with a ready wit

[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [81]

 lenjoys humour and laughter with everyone in the family
lfamily get-together occasions, always hilarious
l visit of a cousin, considered a tubelight

l slow to grasp the situation

l father asking cousin a simple riddle

l cousin’s silly answer sends peals of laughter

l one or two such more riddles end the family roaring with laughter

l cousin taking it sportingly

(d) l a variety programme for a noble cause

l raising funds for an orphanage

l youth club of the locality organized the show

l a variety of events - songs, dances, skits etc.

l my participation - as stage secretary

l gathering of the residents in large number

l peoples response encouraging

l feelings of empathy and cancers for the orphans

l rich experience, motivation for noble cause

l funds collected to provide facilities to the orphans

(e) l The picture suggests a mountaineering experience

l some mountaineers, trying to climb the summit of a peak

l good sport or activity, hobby of men of daring, purpose to reach destination

l full of risk also, travelling on snow, possibly on glaciers or ice

l mountaineering improves both physical fitness and cardiovascular fitness

level
l helps to make feet, heart, lungs, strong and healthier
Q.2. (a) Dear Dad
I feel extremely pained and ashamed at the displeasure you have shown in your
letter. Your anger, I feel, is justified. Even then I would like to explain to you
why I could not fare well in the house examination.
Two days before the examination I suffered from chest infection. The doctor put
me on a heavy dose of antibiotics, which induced sleepiness. I did study hard
but everyday I forgot most of what I had studied. All through the examination
days I was taking medicine. I did appear in all the exams but could not do
justice to my studies. My progress report is indeed discouraging. I have failed
in two subjects. But now I assure you, I shall work hard and come up to your
expectations in the final examination. I have already started attending extra
classes which are held in the school after the regular working hours.
Pay my regards to Mom. Assure her I shall not disappoint her.
Yours lovingly
Sumit
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 (b) Dear Sir
Please refer to your advertisement in Punjab Kesari dated 25 March, 20... about
the used car you want to sell.
I am satisfied with the details you have given in the advertisement. I hope that
at the rate you have quoted our deal can click. But before going further I would
like to inspect the car. It would be in the fitness of things if you kindly intimate
me the date time and place where I can see you and have a physical look at the
car.
Thanking you
Yours faithfully
Sunil
Q.3. (a) NOTICE
This is for the information of all scouts and guided that our school has decided
to send a troop of scouts and guides to the Jamboree, which is going to be held
at Lucknow for a week. Those who wish to join the troop should give their
names to the undersigned latest by 12th May, 20...
Ramesh Dhawan
Guide Captain
(b) Respected Principal
Sir
Very respectfully I want to inform you that we are sending a troop of school
scouts and guides to the Jamboree at Lucknow from May 25 to June 2, 20.....
Kindly depute two teachers as escorts to the team.
Thanking you
Yours obediently
Ramesh Dhawan
Q.4. (a) (i) ordinary students
(ii) attracting attention
(iii) suppressing/defeating
(b) (i) Uniforms distinguish the soldier from the policeman, the air hostess from
the mere passengers, and the school prefect from the ordinary students.
(ii) The pupils think that their uniforms are a badge of their success and they
feel proud to wear them, but after some time they feel uncomfortable in
them.
(iii) One extreme position is to prescribe exact items of dress, shoes, hair ribbons
etc. to be worn at every minute of the day. The other is total freedom in
wearing clothes and other things.
(iv) The best way is to give some freedom of choice to those students who dislike
wearing school uniforms.

[Teacher’s Handbook N. T. in Eng. Gr. & Comp. 9-10] [83]

 (v) Complete freedom in the choice of wearing uniforms may result in girl
students’ wearing tight skirts and using false eye lashes.
(c) Uniforms mark the part which the weaver plays in the drama of life. They
distinguish one person from the other persons just as a perfect by his uniform
is distinguished from other students. Uniforms, also, glorify the weaver and
enable him to attract attention of the on-lookers.
Q.5. (a) 1. got 2. was 3. noticed
4. illuminated 5. didn’t 6. went
7. opened 8. murmured
(b) (i) over (ii) from (iii) of
(iv) with (v) from (vi) from
(vii) by (viii) of
(c) (i) I cannot remember the place where I met this lady.
(ii) I am sorry I cannot share anything with you.
(iii) We will die one day as men are mortal.
(iv) Tagore was not only a painter but also a poet.
(d) (i) His choice of a book was not good.
(ii) This TV is costlier than all other TVs.
(iii) Having finished his supper, John was sent to bed by his mother.
(iv) She told me of her father’s illness.
(v) The package was so heavy that it could not be carried.
(vi) If you don’t waste, you won’t be in want.
(vii) Be respectful to your elders.
(viii) It is no use watching a show like this.

___________

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