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L38 Congruence of Triangles 1

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32 views8 pages

L38 Congruence of Triangles 1

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anujbhosale158
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© © All Rights Reserved
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M Prakash Institute STD VII

Pre Foundation Lecture 38

Congruence of Triangles – 1

Congruence –
Two triangles are congruent if and only if there exists a correspondence
between their vertices such that the corresponding sides and the
corresponding angles of the two triangles are equal or congruent.
In general terms, two triangles are said to be congruent, if in matching of their vertices,
the three sides and the three angles of one triangle are respectively equal to the corre-
sponding parts of the other triangle.
E.g.: - In △ABC and △DEF ,

if A ←→ D, B ←→ E, C ←→ F ,
such that AB = DE, BC = EF, CA = F D
and ∠A = ∠D, ∠B = ∠E, ∠C = ∠F ; then
∆ ABC ∼ = △DEF (∼= means “is congruent to”)

Note: -
If two triangles are congruent then their perimeters are equal, and their areas
are also equal, but two triangles with equal perimeters and / or equal areas may not be
necessarily congruent.

Sufficient conditions for Congruence of two triangles -


To show that the given two triangles are congruent, it is not necessary to show that all
the six corresponding parts of the triangles are congruent every time. If three specific
parts of one triangle are respectively congruent with the three corresponding parts of the
other triangle, then the remaining three corresponding parts are also congruent with each
other.
This means that only three specific parts are sufficient to ascertain the test of
congruence for the two given triangles. Therefore, based on the study and
experiments, the following tests are now considered as standard to establish the
congruence of the two given triangles.
Standard Tests of Congruence -

1) S-S-S Test of Congruence -


If three sides of a triangle are congruent with the three corresponding sides
of the other triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.

In △ABC and △P QR, If AB = P Q, BC = QR and CA = RP ,


then △ABC ∼= △P QR by S-S-S test.
∴ ∠A = ∠P, ∠B = ∠Q and ∠C = ∠R (C − P − C − T )

2) S-A-S Test of Congruence -


If two sides of a triangle and the angle included by them are congruent with
the corresponding two sides and the angle included by them, of the other
triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.

In △ABC and △P QR, If AB = P Q, BC = QR and ∠ABC = ∠P QR,


then △ABC ∼
= △P QR by S − A − S test.
∴ AC = P R, ∠A = ∠P and ∠C = ∠R (C − P − C − T )

3) A-S-A Test of Congruence-


If two angles of a triangle and the side included by them are congruent with
the corresponding two angles and the side included by them, of the other
triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.

In △ABC and △P QR,


If ∠BAC = ∠QP R, AB = P Q and ∠ABC = ∠P QR,
then △ABC ∼= △P QR by A-S-A test.
∴ AC = P R, BC = QR and ∠C = ∠R (C − P − C − T )
Classwork:

1. Name the test by which the corresponding triangles in each figure are congruent. Write
the correct correspondence for the congruent triangles.

a) b)
△ADB ∼
= ∆ .......... by ....... test △ADC ∼
= △ .........by.......test
∼
△ADC = ∆..........by ....... test

c) d)
△ABC ∼
= ∆ ........by ......... test △ABC ∼
= ∆ ....... by ........ test

2. AE and BD bisect each other at C. State the test of congruence with the correct
correspondence between the vertices of the given triangles.

3. In △ABC, if AB = AC and AD bisects ∠BAC, prove that △ABD ∼


= △ACD
4. △EF G and △HF G are both isosceles triangles on a common base FG such that
E & H lie on the same side of F G. Are triangles EHF and EHG congruent? If yes, by
which test?

5. P R and SQ bisect each other. Prove that P Q ∼


= RS.

6. AB is a line segment, P is its midpoint m∠BAD = m∠ABE, m∠BP D = m∠AP E.


Prove that △DAP ∼ = △EBP

7. In ABCD, AB ∼ = AD and CB ∼
= CD.
Prove that (i) ∠BAC = ∠DAC (ii) ∠ACB ∼
∼ = ∠ACD.

8. In △ABC, AB = AC, F and E are midpoints of AB and AC respectively.


Prove that BE ∼
= CF .
Homework:

1. If △ABC ∼
= △LM N , then find ∠L and ∠N from the following figure.

2. If C is the mid-point of BE, then state the correct correspondence between the
vertices of △ABC and △CED for which the triangles are congruent. Also state the test
of congruence applicable.

3. BD is the bisector of ∠ABC. CM is perpendicular to BD if extended meets ray BA


at E. Prove that CM ∼ = EM

4. In the adjoining figure, LN ∼


= M O and M N ∼
= LO. Which of the following correspon-
dence is correct?

(a) △LM N ∼
= △LM O (b) △LM N ∼= △LOM
(c) △LM N ∼
= △M LO (d) △M N L ∼
= △OLM
5. In the given figure, If O is the mid-point of AB and ∠OAC ∼
= ∠OBD, then prove that
O is mid-point of DC.

6. C & D are points on the same side of AB, such that AC = BD and BC = AD.
By which test are △ABC and △BAD congruent?

7. ABCD is a quadrilateral, in which AD = BC and m∠DAB = m∠CBA.


Prove that △ABD ∼= △BAC

8. The ratio of the product of the sides of an equilateral triangle to its perimeter is equal
to the product of the sides of another equilateral triangle to its perimeter. Are the two
triangles congruent? If yes, by which test?
Answer Key:

Classwork:
Q. No. Answer

1 (a) △BCA − ASA; (b) △CBA − SSS; (b) △CBA − SAS


(c) △CDA − SAS; (d) △DEF − SSS;

2 SAS test

3 SAS test / ASA test

4 SSS test

5 SAS test

6 ASA test

7 SSS test

8 SAS test
Homework:
Q. No. Answer

1 (a) ∠L = 70◦ ; ∠N = 60◦

2 △ABC ∼
= △DEC; ASA test

3 ASA test

4 (c)

5 ASA test

6 SSS test

7 SAS test

8 Yes, SSS test

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