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Reactant-Product Relationship

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10 views5 pages

Reactant-Product Relationship

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Haide
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Reactant-Product Relationship

In chemistry, we have what we call stoichiometry. Stoichiometry is the quantitative


relationships of reactants and products based on the laws of chemical combination.
While mass calculations are very important in chemical reactions, but we always go
back to the mole concept in looking at the reactant-product relationship.

What’s In
WHAT DO BALANCED CHEMICAL EQUATIONS TELL US
The symbol of an element represents not only the name of the element, but it also tells
us that it is an atom of the element. The formula not only represents the compound,
but it also tells us that it is a molecule of that compound. Now what about in a chemical
equation? What is the information that we can get from a balanced chemical equation?
A balanced chemical equation tells us that it is consistent with the law of conservation
of mass. We can see in a balanced chemical equation that atoms are neither created nor
destroyed in the chemical reaction. What happens is that atoms rearrange themselves
to form a new identity after the reaction. Further, we can draw out information such as:
2NH4NO3 → N2O +H2O
2molecules of NH4NO3 → molecule of N2O + 1 molecule H2O
2mols of NH4NO3 → mol of N2O + 1 mol H2O
It is not only that the total number of molecules of the reactant is equal to the total
number of molecules in the product but also, the total number of moles of the reactant
is equal to the total number of moles of the product.

What Is It
REACTANT-PRODUCT RELATIONSHIP
In manufacturing products, the goal is to produce the maximum quantity of a useful
product from the starting materials one of which is an excess material. The production
must be cost-effective that in such a way it will minimize the wastage of materials. To
do that they have to make it sure that the expensive materials will be used up first in
the reaction. It is called the limiting reactant or limiting reagent because the amount
of this material limits the amount of product that can be formed by the reaction. Once
all the limiting reactant is used up, the product will stop to form. The material that is
left in the reaction is called the excess reactant.
LIMITING REACTANT AND EXCESS REACTANT
A limiting reactant, also known as limiting reagent, is the substance that is completely
used up in a chemical reaction. It limits the amount of products to be formed whereas
the excess reactant, also known as excess reagent, is the substance 12 that is not
completely used up after the chemical reaction. In other words, the excess reactant is
the substance in excess. Let us go back to Nana’s banana Cue stand. Which should be
our limiting reactant? Correct, it should be the fried banana because it is way more
expensive than the stick. But we are talking here about chemical reactions. How are
we going to determine which is the limiting reactant in an equation? Which is the
excess reactant? Let us work together the example in the box below:
To determine the limiting reactant let us follow each step below:
Step1: Write the balance chemical equation.

 The equation tells us that 1 mol of O3 reacted with 1 mol NO to produce 1 mol NO2.
Step 2: Calculate the number of moles NO2, that could be produced if all the
144g of O3 reacted.

 Molar mass O3 = 48g/mole


Step 3: Calculate the number of moles NO2, that could be produced if all the
120 g of NO reacted.

 Molar mass NO = 30g/mol


Step 4: Determine which is the limiting reagent.
The limiting reagent is the one having the least amount in moles of NO 2 produced.
Therefore, the limiting reactant is O3.
But we were asked how much in grams is NO2 produced in the reaction? All we need to do is calculate
the mass in grams NO2 produced by the limiting reactant O3. If there are 3 mols of NO2 produced by O3
then the equation will be:

We are also asked how much the excess reagent is. The amount of NO
leftover is the difference between the initial amount and the amount that reacted.
How?
Step 1: Using the number of moles of NO2 produced from O3 we can determine
the mass of NO that reacted:

Step 2: Subtract the amount that reacted,90 g, with the initial amount 120 g.

Another example for you to analyze:


Step 7: Get the difference from initial with the one used in the reaction:
Excess H3PO4 = 98 g H3PO4 – 49 g H3PO4 = 49 g excess H3PO4
Percent Yield
Regardless, if it is business or not, it is not good that there are excess materials in a
chemical reaction. Chemical reactions must be highly efficient. The efficiency of a
chemical reaction can be affected by the following factors:
1. incomplete reaction;
2. impure reactants;
3. competing side reactions; and
4. loss of product during filtration in transferring between containers
The efficiency of a chemical reaction is measured in terms of percent yield.
Percent yield is the ratio of the theoretical yield to the actual yield multiplied by 100.
Theoretical yield is the maximum amount of a given product that can be formed when
the limiting reactant is completely consumed whereas the actual yield is the amount of
product that is experimentally obtained from given amounts of reactants.
Mathematically we will say,
Percent yield = 𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝒚𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒚𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅 x 100

Let us work out this example: “The combustion of carbon monoxide (CO) in air
produces carbon dioxide (CO2). Let us say 56 g of CO react completely with
oxygen gas (O2) to from CO2. What is the percent yield of CO2 if 85 g of CO2 was
collected?”

Activity 4.2: REACTANT-PRODUCT RELATIONSHIP


Directions: Answer each problem and show your solution. You may use a periodic
table of elements. (15 pts.)
Basis for giving of points:
5 points – correct answer with complete solutions
3 points – answer was provided with partial solutions
1 point - Answers with incorrect solutions
1. 10.0g of sucrose (C12H22O11) reacted with 10 g of oxygen to produce CO2 and water.
Which is the limiting reactant? How much is the excess reactant?
2. Limestone (CaCO3) is decomposed to CaO and CO2 by heating. Calculate how many
grams of CaO can be produced from 1.0 kg of limestone. How much is the percentage
yield of the reaction if the CaO obtained is 0.5kg?
3. When 1.87g of aluminum reacts with 9.65g copper (II) sulfate (CuSO4), 3.65 g of Cu
was produced. What is the percent yield of Cu?
Chemical Reactions on the Go
(Performance Task No. 4.1)
There are a lot of chemical reactions around us. Create a poster showing the
importance of trees to our environment. Cite the chemical reactions or processes
involved with the presence of the trees. Rubric is shown below:

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