PMT

Question Scheme Marks

( )
2
1(a)
r =−
( 4) 2 + −4 3 = ... M1

−4 3
θ
tan=
−4
θ tan −1
⇒= ( 3) ±π M1

  2π   2π  
8  cos  −  + i si n  −  A1
  3   3 
(3)
2π
z =re ⇒ ( re ) =−4 − 4 3 ⇒ r ( e ) =8e
(b) −i
iθ iθ 3 3 3iθ 3

⇒ r= 3
8= 2 M1

2π 2π  2 kπ 
3θ =− ( +2kπ ) ⇒ θ =− +  M1
3 9  3 
8π 2π 4π A1ft
− i − i i
So z = 2e 9
, 2e 9
, 2e 9 A1
(4)

(7 marks)

Notes:
(a)
M1: For a correct attempt at the modulus, implied by a correct modulus if no method seen and allow recovery
if correct answer follows a minor slip in notation.

M1: For an attempt to find a value of θ in the correct quadrant. Accept tan
−1
( 3 ) ± π or tan −1  1 
  ±π
 3
2 4 5 7
May be implied by sight of an of − π , π , − π , π .
3 3 6 6
A1: cao as in scheme, no other solution.
(b)

( )
1
3
M1: Applies De Moivre’s Theorem and proceeds to find a value for r ie their 8
M1: Proceeds to find at least one value for θ – ie their argument/3.
A1ft: At least two roots correct for their r and θ. (Must come from correct method, watch for correct roots
coming from an incorrect angle due to errors.)
8π
i−
9
A1: All three correct roots and no others. Accept e.g 2e as a slip in notation, so allow marks.
 PMT

Question Scheme Marks

2 2m 2 − 5m − 3 =0 ⇒ ( 2m + 1)( m − 3) =0 ⇒ m =... M1
1
− x
( yCF
So C.F. is= ) Ae 2
+ Be3 x A1

P.I. is yPI = axe3 x B1

dyPI d 2 yPI
= 3=
axe3 x + ae3 x , 9axe3 x + 3ae3 x + 3ae3 x
dx dx 2 M1
⇒ 2 ( 9ax + 6a ) e3 x − 5 ( 3ax + a ) e3 x − 3axe3 x = 2e3 x ⇒ a = ...
2
a= A1
7
1
− x 2
General solution is y = Ae 2
+ Be3 x + xe3 x B1ft
7
(6)

(6 marks)

Notes:
M1: Forms and solves the auxiliary equation.
A1: Correct complementary function (no need for y = …)
B1: Correct form for the particular integral. Accept any PI that includes axe3 x , so e.g. (ax + b)e3 x is fine.
M1: Attempts to differentiate their PI twice and substitutes into the left hand side of the equation. The
derivatives must be changed functions. There is no need to reach a value for the unknown(s) but their PI must
contain an unknown constant.
A1: Correct value of a (and any other coefficients as zero). Must have had a suitable PI
B1ft: For y = their CF + their PI. Must include the y = . The PI must be a function of x that matches their
initial choice of PI, with their constants substituted.
 PMT

Question Scheme Marks

3(a) Meet when

4 x ⇒ x ( 4 x − 32 − x 2 + 8 x − 4 ) = 0
⇒ ( x2 − 8x ) ( 4 − x ) =
4x M1
x 2 − 8 x=
4− x
(so x = 0 or) x 2 − 12 x + 36 =
0 A1

⇒ x ( x − 6) = 0 ⇒ x =
2
... M1

Meet at (6,−12) A1

e.g. touch at (6,−12) as repeated root. B1

(5)
d  4 x  4(4 − x) − 4 x(−1) 16
Alt d 2
dx
( x − 8 x ) =2 x − 8=
and   =
dx  4 − x  (4 − x) 2
(4 − x) 2
M1A1

16
2x − 8 = ⇒ ( x − 4)3 = 8 ⇒ x =
... M1
(4 − x) 2

Meet at (6,−12) A1
4× 6
e.g. 62 − 6 × 9 =−12 and = −12 , so curves meet at tangent at (6,−12) B1
4−6
(5)

⇒ x ( x − 8 )( 4 + x ) − 4 x =0 ⇒ x ( x 2 − 4 x − 36 ) =0 ⇒ x =..
4x
(b) x2 − 8x = M1
4+ x
x = (0), 2 ± 2 10 ⇒ critical value is (0 and) 2 − 2 10 A1

Other C.V.’s are 0, ±4 B1

E.g. extremes are x < 2 − 2 10 and x > 6 or any two suitable ranges. M1

Solution is x < 2 − 2 10, −4 < x < 0, 4 < x < 6, x > 6 A1A1

(6)
(11 marks)
 PMT

Notes:
(a)
M1: Attempts to find intersection by setting equations equal and cross multiplies and factorises the x out or
cancels.
A1: Correct quadratic reached. May be implied by solutions of 0,6 seen from the cubic (by calculator)
M1: Solves the quadratic to find roots.
A1: Obtains the correct point where the curves meet.
B1: Correct reason given for why the curves touch. Accepted “repeated root” as reason. As a minimum,
( )
2
accept “ x − 6 =
0 therefore touches”. Alternatively, accept discriminant = 0 shown with conclusion, or
may find gradient at both points and show equal, with conclusion.
Alt:
M1: Attempts derivatives of both curves
A1: Both derivatives correct.
M1: Sets derivatives equal and solves to find x value where gradients agree.
A1: Obtains the correct point where the curves meet.
B1: Correct value checked in both curves with conclusion that they meet at a tangent or equivalent working
as per main scheme.
(b)
4x
M1: Attempts to find the intersection of the other branch of with x 2 − 8 x . Allow for any attempt at
4− | x |
4x
solving = x 2 − 8 x that reaches a value for x
4+ x
A1: Correct value of 2 − 2 10 identified. (No need to see the second root rejected for this mark.)
B1: Both 0 and ±4 identified as critical values for the ranges needed at some stage in working.
M1: Forms at least two suitable ranges from their critical values (allow if e.g.  is used instead of <). Likely
to be the extreme ranges, so look for x < their 2 − 2 10 and x > their 6. However, allow if this latter is
included as part of the range x > 4 for this mark.
A1: At least two correct ranges.
A1: Fully correct answer as in scheme.
 PMT

Question Scheme Marks

4(a) Completes to a closed loop with “petals”

containing circle of radius 1 (whether M1
the circle is drawn or not)
Fully correct – 6 petals in roughly the
right places, but allow if curvature is not A1
quite smooth.
Circle centre O radius 1. B1

(3)

∫ ∫
(b) 1 2 1  9 2 
 r dθ   16 − 12 cos 6θ + cos 6θ  dθ
 = M1
2 2  4 
2π

∫
1  9 
=  16 − 12 cos 6θ + (1 + cos12θ )  dθ M1
2 0  8 
2π
1 9 1  M1
= 16θ − 2 sin 6θ +  θ + sin12θ  
2 8 12 0 A1
2π 2π

∫ ∫
1 1  9 
=
Aouter = r 2 dθ 16 − 12 cos 6θ + cos 6θ  dθ
2

2 0 2 0  4 
dM1
1 9 
=  32π − 0 + ( 2π + 0 ) − ( 0 ) 
2 8 
1 9π 
 32π +  − π (1 ) =
2
So Area required is ... B1
2 4 
129
= π A1
8
(7)

(10 marks)

Notes:
(a)
M1: Allow for any closed loop that oscillates, though may not have the correct number of “petals” but require
at least 4 . Need not have correct places of maximum radius.
A1: Fully correct sketch, 6 “petals” in the right places, with maximum radius between the 5 and 6 radius
lines, minimum between the 2 and 3 radius lines.
B1: For a circle of radius 1 and centre O drawn.
(b)
M1: Attempts to square r as part of an integral for the outer curve, achieving a 3 term quadratic in cos 6θ
M1: Applies the double angle formula to the cos2 term from their expansion (not dependent on the first M,
1
but must have a cos2 term). Accept cos 2 6θ → ( ±1 ± cos12θ )
2
M1: Attempts to integrate, achieving the form αθ + β sin 6θ + γ sin12θ where α , β , γ ≠ 0
 PMT

1 9 1 
A1: Correct integration – limits and the not needed. Look for 16θ − 2sin 6θ +  θ + sin12θ  oe.
2 8  12 
dM1: Depends on at least two of the previous M’s being scored. For a correct overall strategy for the area
contained in the outer loop, with an attempt at the r2 (should be 3 term expansion). Correct appropriate limits
1
and the should be present or implied by working, but note variations on the scheme are possible, e.g.
2
π

∫
1 1
2× r 2 dθ , in which the 2 × may be implied rather than seen.
2 0 2
B1: Subtracts correct area of π for inner circle
A1: cso. Check carefully the integration was correct as the sin terms disappear with the limits.
 PMT

Question Scheme Marks

1
dy 1 1
= ( 4 + ln x ) 2 ×
5(a) − M1
dx 2 x A1
 1 1
1
0 −  4 + ln x + x × ( 4 + ln x ) 2 × 
−
2
d y 1
=  2 x
or
dx 2
2 x ( 4 + ln x )
2 M1

( ) ( )
3 1
d2 y 1 − 1 1 1 −

2
=
− 4 + ln x 2
× − 2 × 4 + ln x 2
oe
dx 4x x x 2
... 9 + 2 ln x
= 3
= − 3
* M1
4 x ( 4 + ln x )
2
2 4 x ( 4 + ln x )
2
2 A1*

(5)
Alt(a) dy 1 M1
y 2 = 4 + ln x ⇒ 2 y =
dx x A1
2
d2 y  dy  1
⇒ 2y 2 + 2  = − 2 M1
dx  dx  x
d2 y 1 2 −2 y 2 − 1
⇒ =
− − = M1
dx 2 2 yx 2 8 x 2 y 3 4 x2 y3
9 + 2 ln x
=− *
3 A1*
4x 2
( 4 + ln x ) 2

(5)
2
(b) dy 1 d y 9
y x =1 = 2, = , = − M1
dx x =1 4 dx 2 x =1
32
1 1 9
2 + ( x − 1) − × ( x − 1) + ...
So y =
2
M1
4 2! 32
1 9
= 2+ ( x − 1) − ( x − 1) + ...
2
A1
4 64
(3)
(8 marks)
Notes:
(a)
1
K
( 4 + ln x ) 2 oe
−
M1: Attempts the derivative of y using the chain rule, look for
x
A1: Correct derivative.
M1: Attempts the second derivative of y using the product or quotient rule and chain rule. Look for the
dy
correct form for their for the answer up to slips in coefficients.
dx
M1: Attempts to simplify to get correct denominator. Must be correct work for their second derivative, but
may have been errors in differentiating.
A1*: For a correct unsimplified second derivative, with no errors before reaching the given answer.
Note it is a given answer so needs a suitable intermediate line with at least the formation of the correct
common denominator between two fractions before reaching the answer.
 PMT

Alt:
dy β
M1: Squares and uses implicit differentiation to achieve α y =
dx x
A1: Correct derivative.
ν
2
d2 y  dy 
M1: Differentiates again using implicit differentiation and product rule. Look for γ y +δ   =
 dx 
2
dx x2
d2 y 2 3
M1: Makes 2
the subject and forms single fraction with denominator kx y
dx
A1*: Obtains the correct second derivative, with no errors seen in working.
(b)
2
dy d y
M1: Evaluates y, and at x = 1, if substitution is not seen, accept stated values for all three following
dx dx 2
attempts at the first and second derivatives as an attempt to find these.
M1: Applies Taylor’s theorem with their values.
A1: Correct expression (don’t be concerned if the y = is missing.)
5(b) Alt  ( x − 1) 2 
y= 4 + ln (1 + ( x − 1) ) = 4 +  ( x − 1) − + ...  M1
 2 
1 1
1 −1 
1
( x − 1) 2  2×− 2 −
3
= 4 + × 4 2 ×  ( x − 1) − + × × ( ( x − 1) − ...) + ... M1
2

2 2
4
2  2  2!
1 1 1 1 9
= 2 + ( x − 1) − ( x − 1) 2 − ( x − 1) 2 + ...= 2 + ( x − 1) − ( x − 1) + ...
2
A1
4 8 64 4 64
(3)
Notes:
M1: Writes the x as 1+ (x – 1) and attempts to expand using the Maclaurin series for ln(1 + x) with correct
expansion of ln(1+ (x – 1)).
M1: Attempts a binomial expansion using their ln expansion. Alternatively, may gain this before the first M
1 −1
1 ×
−
1
1 2 2 (ln x) 2
if they expand using ln’s, e.g. 4 + 4 ln x +
2 2
2 2!
A1: Fully correct expression (don’t be concerned if the y = is missing.)
 PMT

Question Scheme Marks

6(a) tan x − tan y

Let x = arctan A and y = arctan B then tan( x − y ) =
1 + tan x tan y
B1
tan arctan A − tan arctan B
Or tan(arctan A − arctan B ) =
1 + tan arctan A tan arctan B
A− B  A− B 
tan( x − y ) = ⇒ x − y = arctan   M1
1 + AB  1 + AB 
 A− B 
So arctan A − arctan B = x − y = arctan  * A1*
 1 + AB 
(3)

(b)  A− B  r + 2−r 2
A=
r + 2, B =
r⇒ =  = M1
 1 + AB  1 + (r + 2)r ...
2 2
= = * A1*
r + 2r + 1 (1 + r ) 2
2

(2)

∑ ∑(
n n
(c)  2 
arctan = 2 
arctan(r + 2) − arctan(
= r ) ) ... M1
=r 1 =r 1
 (1 + r ) 

( ) ( ) (
= arctan 3 − arctan1 + arctan 4 − arctan 2 + arctan 5 − arctan 3 + ... )
A1
+ ( arctan(n + 1) − arctan(n − 1) ) + ( arctan(n + 2) − arctan n )

= arctan(n + 2) + arctan(n + 1) − arctan 2 − arctan1 M1

π
= arctan(n + 2) + arctan(n + 1) − arctan 2 − A1
4
(4)

(d) π
As n → ∞ , arctan n → M1
2
∞

So
∑ r =1
 2  π π
arctan  2 
 (1 + r )  2 2
π 3π
= + − arctan 2 − =
4 4
− arctan 2 A1

(2)
(11 marks)
 PMT

Notes:
(a)
B1: For any correct statement or use of the compound angle formula with consistent variables of x and y or
arctan A and arctan B. Can be either way round (may be working in reverse).
M1: Attempts to apply tan or arctan on an appropriate identity with either x and y or arctan A and arctan B.
tan x ± tan y
Should have (oe with arctans or A’s and B’s) as part of the identity, and allow if they change
1 ± tan x tan y
between x,y and arctan’s during the step.
A1*: Must have scored the B and M marks. Replaces tan x and tan y by A and B respectively if appropriate
with fully correct work leading to the given result and conclusion made and no erroneous statements.
Note: for working in reverse e.g.
Let x = arctan A and y = arctan B then
 A− B   A− B  A− B
arctan A=
− arctan B arctan   ⇔ x − y = arctan   ⇔= tan( x − y ) Scores M1
 1 + AB   1 + AB  1 + AB
tan x − tan y
⇔ tan( x − y ) = Scores B1 – but enter as the first mark.
1 + tan x tan y
Which is the correct identity for tan(x – y) hence the result is true. Score A1
The conclusion here must include reference to the identity being true, e.g. with a tick, or statement, before
deducing the final result.

(b)
M1: Substitutes in A = r + 2 and B = r and simplifies the numerator to 2 (may be implied)
A1*: Expands the denominator (must be seen) and then factorises to the given result, no errors seen.
(c)
M1: Applies the result of (a) to the series – allow if they have a different A and B due to error.
A1: At least first three and final two brackets of terms correctly written out – must be clear enough to show
cancelling.
M1: Extracts the non-cancelling terms.
π
A1: Correct result with no errors seen – must see the arctan 1 before reaching .
4
Note: Insufficient terms to gain the first A is not an error, so M1A0M1A1 is possible if e.g. only the first two
terms are shown. Condone missing brackets on arctan n + 1 etc.
(d)
M1: Identifies the value arctan tends towards as n increase. Need not see limits, as long as the value is
identified.
A1: Correct answer.
 PMT

Question Scheme Marks

7(a) (1 + i)iy + 2(1 − i) − y + 2 + i( y − 2) y − 2 + i( y − 2)

z= =
(0+)iy ⇒ w = = M1
iy − i i( y − 1) y −1
⇒u =v or Im w = Re w A1

(2)

(b)
w=
(1 + i ) z + 2(1=
− i)
⇒z
2(1 − i) + iw 2 − v + i ( u − 2 )
= M1
z −i w −1 − i u − 1 + i ( v − 1)
2 − v + i ( u − 2 ) u − 1 − i ( v − 1)
×
u − 1 + i ( v − 1) u − 1 − i ( v − 1)
M1
(2 − v)(u − 1) + (u − 2)(v − 1) + i ( (u − 1)(u − 2) − (2 − v)(v − 1) )
=
...
Im z = 0 ⇒ (u − 1)(u − 2) − (2 − v)(v − 1) = 0

⇒ (u − 1)(u − 2) − (2 − v)(v − 1) =
0 ⇒ u 2 − 3u + 2 + v 2 − 3v + 2 =0 A1
2 2
 3  3 1
⇒ u −  + v −  = M1
 2  2 2

3 3 2
Centre is + i and radius is A1A1
2 2 2
(6)

(8 marks)
Notes:
(a)
M1: Correct method to find the equation of the image line – e.g. substitutes in z = iy and rearranges to
Cartesian form. May use x + iy and later set x = 0. Alternatively, may start as in (b) and then set
(2 − v)(u − 1) + (u − 2)(v − 1) = 0 ⇒ 2u − v − uv − 2 + uv + 2 − 2v − u = 0 etc.
Another alternative is to find the image points of two points on the imaginary axis and to find the line from
these.
A1: For u = v oe equation. Accept Im w = Re w, or x = y if they have set w = x +iy.
(b)
Note: Accept work done in part (a) that is relevant to part (b) for credit if appropriate.
M1: Makes z the subject, substitutes w = u + iv into the equation.
M1: Multiplies the numerator by the complex conjugate of denominator and extracts the imaginary part and
sets it equal to zero to form an equation in u and v. Do not be concerned about the denominator.
A1: Correct equation in u and v for the circle.
M1: Completes the square on their equation to extract centre and radius. Not dependent, so allow as long as a
suitable equation in u and v has been reached.
3 3 3 3
A1: Correct centre or correct radius. Accept either + i or  ,  for the centre.
2 2 2 2
A1: Correct centre and correct radius. As above. Accept equivalent forms (need not be simplified)
Allow the final two A marks if all that is wrong is an error in the denominator. (M1M0A0M1A1A1 is
possible.)
 PMT

7(b) z x ( +0i ) , so
Real axis is =
Alt1 (1 + i) x + 2(1 − i) (1 + i) x + 2(1 − i) x + i
=
u + iv = = ×
x −i x −i x+i M1
(1 + i) x + 2 x(1 − i) + (i − 1) x + 2(i + 1) x + x + 2 + i ( x − x + 2 )
2 2 2

=
x2 + 1 x2 + 1
x2 + x + 2 x +1 x2 − x + 2 x −1 2
u= =
1 + ; v = =
1− 2 ⇒ u + v = 2 + 2
x +1
2
x +1
2
x +1
2
x +1 x +1 M1
( x + 1) + ( x − 1)
2 2
2x + 2
2
2 A1
⇒ (u − 1) 2 + (v=
− 1) 2 = = = u+v−2
( x 2 + 1) ( x + 1) x + 1
2 2 2 2

2 2
 3  3 1
⇒ u −  + v −  = M1
 2  2 2

3 3 2
Centre is + i and radius is A1A1
2 2 2
(6)

Notes
M1: Sets z = x in the equation (or uses x + iy and later sets y = 0) and multiplies by complex conjugate.
M1: Eliminates x from the equations (one suitable method is shown, others are possible).
A1: Correct equation in u and v for the circle.
M1: Completes the square on their equation to extract centre and radius
3 3 3 3
A1: Correct centre or correct radius. Accept either + i or  ,  for the centre.
2 2 2 2
A1: Correct centre and correct radius. As above.
7(b) Unlikely to be seen
As i and −i are inverse points of the line, so their images are inverse points of the
Alt 2 circle. M1
−i + 1 + 2 − 2i 3 3
i → ∞, − i → = + i
−2i 2 2 M1
3 3 A1
Hence (as ∞ is the other point) the centre is + i
2 2
M1
2 − 2i 3 3
0→ 2 + 2i So radius is + i − 2 − 2i =
= ... A1
−i 2 2
A1
2
=
2
(b) Alt 3 M1: Attempt to find images of three different points on the real axis.
M1: Correct method to find centre from three points – e.g. intersection of two
perpendicular bisectors.
A1: Correct equation for the centre.
M1: Uses centre and one point to find radius.
A1: Correct centre
A1: Correct radius
 PMT

Question Scheme Marks

8(a) dv dy
= −2 B1
dx dx
dy dv
+ 2 yx( y − 4 x)= 2 − 8 x 3 → + 2 + 2 ( v + 2 x ) x ( v + 2 x − 4 x ) =
2 − 8 x3
dx dx

+ 2 + 2 x ( v 2 − 4 x 2 ) = 2 − 8 x3
dv
→ M1
dx
dv
→ = −2 xv 2 * A1*
dx
(4)

∫ ∫
(b) 1 dv
= −2 x ⇒ v −2 dv =
−2 x dx B1
v 2 dx
v −1 x2
⇒ = −2 (+c) M1
−1 2
1
⇒ =x2 + c A1
v
1
⇒ v =2 A1
x +c
(4)
(c) 1
=
y 2x + B1ft
x +c
2

(1)
(d) 1
−1 = 2 × −1 + ⇒ c =... M1
1+ c
1
=
y 2x + A1
x2
Attempts the sketch for their equation, with
at least one of
- One branch correct M1
- Vertical asymptote for their equation
- Long term behaviour tends to infinity
- Minimum in quadrant 1
Fully correct shape, two branches tending to
infinity as x tends to infinity both directions,
with minimum in first quadrant A1
No need for oblique asymptote marked.
y-axis a vertical asymptote labelled B1ft
(5)
(14 marks)
Notes:

(a)
 PMT

B1: Correct differentiation of the given transformation. Allow any correct connecting derivative, e.g.
dy dx dv dx
= 1+ 2 or = 1− 2
dv dv dy dy
M1: For a complete substitution into the equation (I).
M1: Applies difference of squares, or completely expands brackets of the left hand side. Alternatively, may
rearrange and factorise to give 8 x 2 y − 2 xy 2 − 8 x 3 = ( )
−2 x y 2 − 4 xy + 4 x 2 =
−2 x( y − 2 x) 2 before
substituting.
A1*: Reaches the given answer with no errors seen.
(b)
B1: Correct separation of the variables.
M1: Attempts the integration, usual rule, power increased by 1 on at least one term. No need for + c for the
method.
A1: Correct integration including the + c
A1: Correct expression for v.
(c)
B1: Follow through their answer to (b), so =y 2 x + their v from (b)
(d)
M1: Uses the point ( −1, −1) to find a value for the constant in their equation. Must have had a constant of
integration in their equation to score this mark.
1
A1: Correct equation for y following a correct general solution. Withhold this mark for y = 2 x + +c
x2
leading to the correct equation.
Note: the following three marks may be scored from a correct equation that arose from having no constant in
1
(b) or from y = 2 x + + c (which gives the same equation).
x2
M1: Attempts a sketch for their curve. See scheme. Look for at least one of the key features for their equation
shown.
A1: Correct shape, two branches tending to infinity as x tends to infinity both directions with a minimum in
first quadrant. Not a follow through mark, so must be the correct curve.
B1ft: Correct vertical asymptote at x = 0. Need not be labelled if it is clearly the y-axis. Follow through their
equation as long as there is at least one vertical asymptote (ie for a negative c they need a pair of asymptotes
symmetric about the y-axis).

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