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Biology Notes PDF

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Biology Notes PDF

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sunny41kr
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Biology Notes Class – IX

1. Meristematic Tissue  The cells have oval, cylindrical,  Chloroplast


etc.  Chloroplast has two main region
 Meristematic tissue is made up of
 Types of muscular tissue Grana and Stroma.
a group of cell that divide
continuously to form new cells. 1. Striated Muscles  Grana consist of stacks of
 Characteristics  They are voluntary muscles. thylakoid. It looks like piles of
 The cells of meristem are round,  They are multinucleated. coins.
oval or polygonal.  Cells are cylindrical.  Stroma is homogeneous matrix
 The cells of meristem have no  Cells are not branched. where Grana embedded.
intercellular space.  It is present in limbs.  Functions
 The cells of meristem are living. 2. Cardiac Muscles  Chloroplast help in
 The cell wall of meristem is thin,  They are involuntary muscles. photosynthesis.
elastic and made up of cellulose.  They are uninucleated.
 The cells of Meristematic tissue  Chromoplast impacts various
 Cells are elongated. colour to flower to attract the
lack vacuoles.
 Cells are not branched. insect for pollination.
 The cells of Meristematic tissue
have dense cytoplasm.  Found in the walls of heart.  Leucoplast helps in storage of
3. Non-striated Muscles food in the form of starch,
2. Permanent Tissue
 They are involuntary muscles.
 The tissue that are completely protein and fat.
 They are uninucleated.
grown and have loss the ability of
division are known as Permanent  Cells are cylindrical.
Tissue.  Cells are branched.
 Characteristics  Found in the walls of stomach,
 Cells of permanent tissue are intestine, urinary bladder, iris
large and differentiate with of eye, etc.
different shapes.  Difference between plant and
 Cells have intercellular space. animal cell
 Cells are living except
Plant Cell Animal Cell
sclerenchyma.
It is small in size. It is comparatively large.
 Cell wall is thick or thin.
 It contain large vacuole in center.
It contains lysosome and It has no lysosome and peroxisome.
 It may or may not have peroxisome.
cytoplasm. It does not contain chloroplast. It contains chloroplast.
 Types of Simple Permanent It does not has cell wall. It has cell wall.
Tissue Vacuoles are either absent or small Vacuoles larger in size.
i. Parenchyma in size.
 The cells are living. More number of mitochondria Less number of mitochondria
 Cell wall made up of hemi- present. present.
cellulose or cellulose. Nucleus present at the center of the Nucleus present either side.
 They have intercellular space. cell.
 It is found in all parts of plant.
 The cells have oval or round  Difference between Prokaryotic
shape.
ii. Collenchyma Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell
 The cells are living. It is very small in size (vary 0.2 to It is fairly large in size (5 to 100 mm).
 Cell wall made up of cellulose and 10 mm).
pectin. Nucleus is absent. Nucleus is present.
 They have no intercellular space. All cells organelles are absent All cells organelles are present.
 It is absent in monocot stem, root except Ribosome.
and leaves. Nucleolus is absent. Nucleolus is present.
 The cells are elongated in shape It has single chromosome. It has more than one chromosome.
and thickened at corner.
It occurs always in unicellular It may be unicellular or multicellular.
iii. Sclerenchyma
forms.
 The cells are dead.
Cell division occur by fission or Cell division occur by mitosis or meiosis.
 Cell wall thickened by lignin.
budding.
 They have no intercellular space.
 It occurs in stem, root, seed, nuts
Nuclear membrane is absent. Nuclear membrane is present.
and veins of leaves. and Eukaryotic cell
Biology Notes Class – IX
 Golgi apparatus consist of set
of membrane bounded fluid
filled vesicle, vacuole and
flattened cisternae.
 Golgi apparatus is a single
membrane cell organelles.
 Cisternae are usually arranged
parallel to each other.

 Functions
 Its main function is to store,
 Mitochondria modify, packaging and
 They are small rod shape cell dispatched the substances.
organelles.  It is also involved in the
 It has a double membranous synthesis of cell wall, plasma
structure. membrane and lysosome.
 The outer membrane being 
smooth and porous.
 The inner membrane having
several pores called cristae
 Mitochondria contains their
own DNA and Ribosome.
 Functions
 Mitochondria produces energy
in the form of ATP.
 Mitochondria help in cellular
respiration.
 It has own DNA thus, it divides
itself in the cell.
 Mitochondria able to make
some protein for itself, so it is
known as semi-autonomous
cell.

 Golgi Apparatus

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